EXERCISE 1A
1. Which of the following are sets? Justify your answer.
(i) The collection of all whole numbers less than 10.
(ii) The collection of good hockey players in India.
(iii) The collection of all questions in this chapter.
(iv) The collection of all difficult chapters in this book.
(v) A
collection of Hindi novels written by Munshi Prem Chand.
(vi) A team of 11 best cricket players of India.
(vii) The collection of all the months of the year whose names begin with the
letter M.
(vii) The collection of all interesting books.
(ix) The collection of all short boys of your class.
(x) The collection of all those students of your class whose ages exceed
15 years.
(xi) The collection of all rich persons of Kolkata.
Sets 5
(xii) The collection of all persons of Kolkata whose assessed annual
incomes exceed (say) T 20 lakh in the financial year 2016-17.
(xii) The collection of all interesting dramas written by Shakespeare.
2. Let A be the set of all even whole numbers less than 10.
(a) Write A in roster form.
(b) Fill in the blanks with the approximate symbole or :
(i) 0...A (ii) 10 ....A (iii) 3 ... A (iv) 6 ... A
3. Write the following sets in roster form:
(i) A = {x:x is a natural number, 30 S x < 36).
(ii) B= (x:xis an integer and-4 <x<6}.
(iii) C= (x:xis atwo-digit number such that the sum of its digits is 9).
(iv) D= (x:x is an integer,x<9}.
(v) E = (r:xis a prime number, which is a divisor of 42).
(vi) F ={x:x is a letter in the word 'MATHEMATICS).
(vii) G= {x:xis a prime number and 80<x<100}.
(viii) H= (x:x is a perfect square and x< 50}.
(ix) J= (x:xeR and x+x-12=0}.
(x) K= (r:xeN, xis a multiple of 5and x'< 400).
4. List all the elements of each of the sets given below:
(i) A ={x:x= 2n, nEN and n5).
(ii) B= (x:x= 2n +1, ne Wand n < 5).
(ü) C=*:*-neN and n <o
(iv) D = {x:x=n, neN and2<n<5}.
(v) E= (x:xeZ andx=x).
() F-f*:xeZand -<x«
1
(vi)
(2n-1) "eN and1Sn<5/.
(viii) H= (x:xEZ, Ixl< 2).
5. Write each of the sets given below in set-builder form:
() A = 1 , 1 1 1 (i1) B= { 4 5 6 71
49'16'25' 36' 49] 125' 10' 17' 26'37 50
(ii) C= {53, 59, 61, 67,71, 73, 79} (iv) D=(-1,1})
(v) E = (14, 21, 28, 35, 42, .., 98)
6. Match each of the sets on the left described in roster form with the same set
on the right described in the set-builder form:
(1) (-5,5) (a) (x:xe Zandx< 16)
(ii) (1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18} (b) (x:xe Nand x=x
6 Senior Secondary School Mathematics for Class 11
(ii) (-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3) (c) (x:xEZ and'= 25)
(iv) (P, R,I, N, C, A,L) (d) (x:xe N and x is afactor of 18)
(v) (1) (e) (x:xis aletter in theword'PRINCIPAL')
ANSWERS (EXERCISE 1A)
1. (1),(iii), (v), (vii), (x), (xii)
2. (a) A= {0, 2, 4, 6, 8} (b) () ¬(ii) (ii) e (iv)e
3. (i) A A=(30,31, 32, 33,34, 35) (ii) B =(-3,-2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
(iii) C= {18, 81, 27, 72, 36, 63, 45, 54, 90}
(iv) D= -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3} (v) E = (2, 3,7)
(vi) F= (M, A,T, H, E, I, C, S) (vii) G= (83,89, 97)
(vii) H= (1, 4,9, 16, 25, 36, 49) (ix) J=-4,3)
(x) K= (5, 10, 15)
4. (i) A=(2, 4,6, 8, 10) (ii) B= {1,3, 5,7, 9}
1 1 1 1]
(ii) C={1,'3430 (iv) D= {4,9, 16, 25)
(v) E= (0, 1} (vi) F= (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
11 1
(vi) G=1, 3'5'7' (viii) H=(-2, -1, 0, 1, 2)
1
5. (i) A =(x:x=ne Nand1<ns7)
() B=*:*eN
(n²+1) Iand 1Sn S7
(iii) C= (x:xis prime, 50 <x< 80}
(iv) D= (x:xe Z,x*=1)
(v) E = (x:x=7n, n e N, 2<n<14}
6. (1) > (c), (ii)> (d), (iii)> (a),(iv) > (e), (v)> (b)
EXERCISE 1B
1. Which of the following are examples of the null set?
(i) Set of odd natural numbers divisible by 2.
(ii) Set of even prime numbers.
10 Senior Secondary School Mathematics for Class 11
(ii) A = (x:xe N, 1<xs2)
(iv) B= (x:xe N, 2x+3=4}
(v) C= (x:x is prime, 90 <x < 96}
(vi) D= (x:xeN,r'+1 = 0}
(vii) E= (x:xeW, x+3<3)
(vii) F= (x:xeQ,1<x<2}
(ix) G= (0}
2. Which of the following are examples of the singleton set?
(i) (x:xeZ, x'=4) (ii) (x:xeZ, x+5 =0}
(iüi) (x:xe Z,lxl= 1) (iv) (x:xe N, x? = 16)
(v) (x:x is an evenprime number)
3. Which of the following are pairs of equal sets?
(i) A = set of letters in the word, 'ALLOY'
B= set of letters in the word, 'LOYAL'
(ii) C= set of letters in the word, 'CATARACT'
D= set of letters in the word TRACT'
(ii) E= (x:xe Z, x?s44 and F= (x:xeZ, x²= 4)
(iv) G= 1,1) and H=(x:xe Z, x-1=0)
(v) J=(2, 3) and K= (x:xeZ,(r'+5x+6) =0}
4. Which of the following are pairs of equivalent sets?
(1) A = (-2, -1, 0) and B = (1, 2, 3)
(ii) C= (x:xe N, x<3) and D= (x:xeW, x<3)
(ii) E= (a, e, i,o, u) and F = (p, q, r, s, t}
5. State whether the given set is finite or infinite:
(i) A = set of all triangles in a plane
(ii) B = set of all points on the circumference of a circle
(ii)C= set of alllines parallel to the y-axis
(iv) D = set of all leaves on a tree
(v) E = set of all positive integers greater than 500
(vi) F= (xe R:0<x< 1]
(vi) G=(xe Z:x<1)
(viii) H= (xe Z:-15 <x<15}
(ix) J= (x:xeN and x is prime)
(x) K= (x:xeN and x is odd)
(xi) L= set of all circles passing through the origin (0, 0)
6. Rewrite the following statements using set notation:
(i) a is an element of set A.
(ii) b is not an element of A.
(ii) A is an empty set and Bis a nonempty set.
Sets 11
(iv) Number of elements inA is 6.
(v) O
is a whole number but not a natural number.
1. (), (iv), (v), (vi) 2. (m), (iv), (v)
3. (i) A= B (ii) C=D (iv) G=H
4. (i) Aand Bare equivalent sets (ii) Eand Fare equivalent sets
5. (i) infinite (ii) infinite (iii) infinite (iv) finite (v) infinite
(vi) infinite (vii) infinite (vii) finite (ix) infinite (x) infinite
(xi) infinite
6. (i) aeA (ii) b A (ii) A= ¢ and B+ (iv) n(A) =6
(v) 0e Wbut 0 ¢N
EXERCISE 1C
1. State in each case whether ACBor A LB.
(i) A = {0, 1, 2, 3), B= (1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
(ii) A = , B= (0)
(ii) A= {1, 2, 3), B= (1, 2, 4)
(iv) A =x:xeZ,x= 1), B= (x:xeN,'=1)
(v) A= (x:x is an even natural number), B= (x:xis an integer}
(vi) A = (x:xis an integer}, B = (x:xis a rational number)
16 Senior Secondary School Mathematics for Class 11
(vii) A = (x:x is a real number}, B = (x:x is a complex number}
(vii) A = (x:x is an isosceles triangle in a plane),
B= (x:x is an equilateral triangle in the same plane)
(ix) A = (x:x is a square in a plane),
B= (x:x is a rectangle in the same plane)
(x) A = (x:xis a triangle in a plane),
B= (x:x is a rectangle in the same plane)
(xi) A = (x:xis an even natural number less than 8,
B= (x:x is a natural number which divides 32)
2. Examine whether the following statements are true or false:
(i) (a, b) ¢ {b, c, a} (i) (a}e {a, b, c}
(ii) (0} la, b, c}
(iv) la, e)Cx:xis avowel in the English alphabet)
(v) (x:xe W, x+5= 5} = (vi) ae {la), b)
(vii) (a) (lal, b) (vii) (b, c}Cla, (b, cl}
(ix) (a, a, b, b} = (a, b} (x) la, b, a, b, a, b, ...] is an infinite set.
(xi) If A = set of all circles of unit radius in a plane and B = set of all circles
in the same plane then A C B.
3. If A {1) and B= {(1), 2) then show that AZB.
Hint 1e Abut 1¢B.
4. Write down all subsets of each of the following sets:
(i) A= (a) (ii) B= (a, b} (ii) C= (-2, 3)
(iv) D={1,0, 1) (v) E= (vi) F= (2, (3}}
(vii) G= (3, 4, (5, 6}}
5. Express each of the following sets as an interval:
(i) A = (:xeR, -4 <x<0} (iü) B= (x:xeR,0<x<3}
(iii) C= {x:xeR, 2 <xS6} (iv) D=(x:xeR, -5<x<2)
(v) E= (x:xeR, -3<x<2) (vi) F= (x:xeR, -2<x<O}
6. Write each of the following intervals in the set-builder form:
(i) A =(-2, 3) (ii) B= (4, 10] (iii) C= -1,8)
(iv) D= (4,9] (v) E= [-10, 0) (vi) F= (0, 5]
7. If A = (3, (4, 5}, 6}, find which of the following statements are true.
(i) (4, 5) SA (iü) (4, 5)eA (ii) (|4, 5)) SA
(iv) 4eA (v) (3)SA (vi) (0} SA
(vii) EA (vii) (3, 4, 5) EA (ix) (3,6}SA
8. If A = (a, b, c), find P(A) and n{P(A)}.
9. If A = {1, (2, 3)), find P(A) and n{P(A)).
10. If A= then find n{P(A).
11. If A=(1,3, 5), B= (2, 4, 6} and C= {0, 2, 4, 6, 8) then find the universal set.
12. Prove that A B,BECand C A’ A=C.
13. For any set A, prove that A E A=¢.
14. State whether the given statement is true or false:
(i) If ACBand xEB then x¬ A.
(ii) If A S then A = .
(iii) If A,B and C are three sets such that A e Band B CCthen ACC.
Hint Let A= (a), B=al, b) and C = (la), b, c}.
Then, (a) eB and BCC. But, (al C.
(iv) If A, B and C are three sets such that A C Band Be C then A eC.
Hint Let A = (a), B= (a, b) and C = (la, b}, c).
Then, ACB and BeC. But, A¢C.
(v) If A, B and Care three sets such that A ¢Band BLC then A C.
Hint Let A = (a), B= (b, c) and C = (a, c).
Then, A Band BLC. But A CC.
(vi) If Aand B are sets such that xe A andAe B then xe B.
Hint Let A = (x}, B - x, y).
Then, xE A and AeB. But, x ¬ B.
ANSWERS (EXERCISE 1C)
1. (i) A B (ii) AcB (iüi) A ¢B (iv) A¢B (v) ACB
(vi) AcB (vii) AcB (vii) A B (ix) AcB (x) A¢B
(xi) A¢B
2. (i) False (ii) False (iii) False (iv) True (v) False
(vi) False (vii) False (viiü) False (ix) True (x) False
(xi) True
4. (i) ¢, la) (ii) ¢, (a}, (bl, la, b} (ii) ¢, (-21, (3), (-2, 3}
(iv) ¢, (-1}, (0}, (1), (-1, 0}, {0, 1}, (1, 1), (-1, 0, 1}
(v) ¢ (vi) , (2}, ((3}}, (2, (3}}
(vii) ¢, (3), (4), ((5, 6)}, (3, 4), (3, (5, 6}), (4, (5, 6}, (3, 4, (5, 6}}
5. (i) A = (-4,0) (ii) B= [0,3) (ii)C= (2, 6]
(iv) D= [-5, 2] (v) E=[-3, 2) (vi) F=(-2, 0)
6. (i) A = (x:xe R, -2 <x<3} (ii) B= (x:xeR, 4<xs10})
(iii) C= (x:xeR,-1<x<8} (iv) D= (x:xeR, 4<x<9}
(v) E =(x:xeR, -10<x<0) (vi) F= {x:xeR,0<xS5)
7. (i) False (ii) True (ii) True (iv) False (v) True
(vi) False (vii) True (vii) False (ix) True
8. P(A) =($.(a}, (b), (cl, la, b), \b, c), la, c), \a, b, cl} and n{P(A)) =2° =8
9. P(A) = (¢, (1), ((2, 3)1, (1, (2, 3))) and n{P(A)} = 2 =4
10. P(A) = {0} ’ nP(A)} = 1 11. U = (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8}
14. (i) True (ii) True (ii) False (iv) False (v) False
(vi) False
