Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2017; 6(4): 873-875

E-ISSN: 2278-4136
P-ISSN: 2349-8234 Response of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) to
JPP 2017; 6(4): 873-875
Received: 13-05-2017 different levels of organic manures and bio-fertilizers
Accepted: 14-06-2017

Hadiyal JG
Department of Agronomy,
Hadiyal JG, Kachhadiya SP, Ichchhuda PK and Kalsaria RN
College of Agriculture, Junagadh
Agricultural University, Abstract
Junagadh, Gujarat, India A field experiment was conducted during the rabi 2015-16 at Instructional Farm, Department of
Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh to study the ‘‘Response
Kachhadiya SP of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) to different levels of organic manures and bio-fertilizers’’. The
Department of Agronomy, experiment was comprised of sixteen treatment combinations in which four levels of organic manure viz.,
College of Agriculture, Junagadh
no organic manure, FYM @ 5.0 t/ha, vermicompost @ 1.0 t/ha & castor cake @ 1.0 t/ha and four levels
Agricultural University,
Junagadh, Gujarat, India
of bio-fertilizer viz., no inoculation, inoculation with Azotobacter spp. @ 10 ml/kg seed, inoculation with
PSB spp. @ 10 ml/kg seed & inoculation with Azotobacter spp. + PSB spp. (each @ 10 ml/kg seed). The
Ichchhuda PK experiment results revealed that application of FYM @ 5.0 t/ha enhanced growth parameters viz., plant
Department of Agronomy, height, number of primary & secondary branches per plant; yield attributes viz., number of siliquae per
College of Agriculture, Junagadh plant and number of seed per siliqua and ultimately higher seed and stover yield with higher net returns
Agricultural University, of 82037 Rs/ha and B: C ratio 2.97 over control (no organic manures). Seed inoculation with azotobacter
Junagadh, Gujarat, India spp. + PSB spp. (each @ 10 ml/kg seed) promoted growth parameters viz., number of primary &
secondary branches per plant; yield attributes viz., number of siliquae per plant and number of seed per
Kalsaria RN siliqua and ultimately higher seed and stover yield with higher net returns of 86629 Rs/ha and B: C ratio
Department of Agronomy, 3.40 over control (no inoculation).
College of Agriculture, Junagadh
Agricultural University,
Keywords: Bio-fertilizers, Indian mustard, Growth, Organic manures, Yield
Junagadh, Gujarat, India

Introduction
Oilseed crops play the second important role in the Indian agricultural economy next to food
grains in terms of area and production. Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is the most popular
one among different species of rapeseed and mustard in India. Nutrients management is one of
the most important agronomic factor that affects the Indian mustard. But Application of all the
needed nutrients through chemical fertilizer had deleterious effect on soil fertility leading to
unsustainable yields, while integration with organic manures and bio-fertilizers would be able
to maintain soil fertility and sustain crop productivity. Organic manures are considered helpful
in improving the physical and nutritional status of the soil and also enhance the activity of soil
microflora. They also add considerable amount of major nutrients in the soil besides
improving the soil properties. Further, decomposition of organics in the soil leads to different
types of biological reactions which are helpful in preventing various disease causing pathogens
(Ramesh et al., 2010) [7]. Bio-fertilizers offer an economically attractive and ecologically
sound means of reducing external inputs and improving quality and quantity of crop. They
contain microorganisms which are capable of mobilizing nutrient elements from unavailable
form to available form through different biological processes. Hence the present investigation
was aimed to study the ‘‘Response of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) to different levels
of organic manures and bio-fertilizers’’

Material and Method

A field experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy,
College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during rabi season, 2015-
16. The soil of the experimental plot was clayey in texture and slightly alkaline in reaction
with pH 7.9 and EC 0.38 dS/m and organic carbon 0.61 %. The soil was low in available
nitrogen (249.00 kg/ha) and medium in available phosphorus (39.60 P 2O5 kg/ha) while
medium in available potash (245.36 K2O kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in Factorial
Correspondence Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with three replications. The experiment was comprised of
Hadiyal JG sixteen treatment combinations in which four levels of organic manure viz., no organic
Department of Agronomy, manure, FYM @ 5.0 t/ha, vermicompost @ 1.0 t/ha & castor cake @ 1.0 t/ha and four levels
College of Agriculture, Junagadh
Agricultural University,
of bio-fertilizer viz., no inoculation, inoculation with Azotobacter spp. @ 10 ml/kg seed,
Junagadh, Gujarat, India. inoculation with PSB spp. @ 10 ml/kg seed & inoculation with Azotobacter spp. + PSB spp.
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Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry

(each @ 10 ml/kg seed). Indian mustard variety (cv. Gujarat t/ha (M2) and castor cake @ 1.0 t/ha (M3). Application of
Mustard-3) was sown with seed rate of 3 kg/ha. The seeds FYM @ 5.0 t/ha (M1) significantly increased seed yield and
were placed at depth of 3 to 4 cm with inter row spacing of 45 stover yield as compared to other treatments. The increase in
cm and covered the seed with the soil. The common fertilizer seed yield due to application of FYM might be due to the fact
dose of 50-50-00 N-P2O5-K2O kg/ha was applied as basal in that application of organic manure favorably improved the
all treatments. Urea and DAP were used as source of nutritional environment thereby resulting in better growth and
fertilizers. While organic manures like FYM, castor cake and development leading to higher yield attributes and yield.
vermicompost were applied before sowing in furrows as per These results are in close agreement to Singh et al. (2013) [8],
treatments. The seeds were inoculated by Azotobacter spp. Yadav et al. (2013) [11] and Lepcha et al. (2015) [3].
and PSB spp. as per treatments. The inoculated seeds were
then dried in shade and used immediately for sowing. Besides Effect of bio-fertilizers
a light irrigation was given just after sowing, and six post Scrutiny of data in Table-1 revealed that numbers of primary
sowing irrigation were given to crop. Five plants were & secondary branches per plant were significantly influenced
randomly tagged in each treatment per replication and data by bio-fertilizers levels. Significantly the highest value of
were recorded with respect to various growths and yield these growth parameters were observed under treatment (B 3)
attributes viz. plant height at 60 DAS, 90 DAS & harvest, inoculation with Azotobacter spp. + PSB spp. (each @ 10
number of primary & secondary branches per plant, number ml/kg seed) which remained statistically at par with
of siliquae per plant and number of seeds per siliqua. The inoculation with Azotobacter spp. @ 10 ml/kg seed (B1) and
economics was workout on current market price basis. inoculation with PSB spp. @ 10 ml/kg seed (B2). Application
of bio-fertilizers helps in secretion of growth promoting
Results & Discussion substances, which lead to better root development,
Effect of organic manures transportation of water, uptake and decomposition of
A perusal of data in Table-1 shown that growth parameters nutrients. The present results are also in agreement with the
viz., plant height at 60 DAS, 90 DAS & harvest and numbers finding of Mahboobeh and Jahanfar (2012) [4], Premi et al.
of primary & secondary branches per plant were significantly (2012) and Meena et al. (2014) [5].
influenced by organic manure levels. Significantly the highest In the present investigation, significantly increased numbers
value of these growth parameters were observed with of siliquae per plant, numbers of seed per siliqua, seed yield
application of FYM @ 5.0 t/ha (M1) which remained and stover yield (Table-1) were recorded under treatment (B 3)
statistically at par with application of vermicompost @ 1.0 inoculation with Azotobacter spp. + PSB spp. (each @ 10
t/ha (M2) and castor cake @ 1.0 t/ha (M3). Improvement in ml/kg seed) which remained statistically at par with
these parameters due to organic manures might be due to inoculation with Azotobacter spp. @ 10 ml/kg seed (B1) and
supply of plant nutrients including micronutrients, inoculation with PSB spp. @ 10 ml/kg seed (B2). This might
improvement in soil physical and biological properties and be due to significant improvement in overall growth of the
increased availability of nutrients. Thus, favourable influence plant by virtue of increased photosynthetic rate. Thus, greater
of nutrients to produce larger cell with thinner cell wall and availability of photosyntyhates, metabolites and nutrients to
its contribution in cell division and cell elongation which develop reproductive structures seems to have resulted in
improved vegetative growth and ultimately increased plant increased no. of siliquae per plant and no. of seed per siliqua
height and number of primary & secondary branches per with these levels of bio-fertilizers. Crop yield is function of
plant. The similar results were found by De and Sinha (2012) several yield components on complementary interaction
[1]
, Yadav et al. (2013) [11] and Kansotia et al. (2015) [2]. between vegetative and reproductive growth of the crop. The
The data in Table-1 noticed that numbers of siliquae per plant present findings are within the close vicinity of those reported
and numbers of seed per siliqua were significantly influenced by Yadav et al. (2010) [10], Mahboobeh and Jahanfar (2012)
[4]
by application of FYM @ 5.0 t/ha (M1) which remained , Meena et al. (2014) [5] and Solanki et al. (2015) [9].
statistically at par with application of vermicompost @ 1.0
Table 1: Growth, yield attributes and yields of Indian mustard as influenced by different levels of organic manures and bio-fertilizers
Plant height (cm) No. of branches/plant No. of Stover
No. of siliquae/ Seed yield
Treatments At 60 At 90 At seed/ yield
Primary Secondary plant (kg/ha)
DAS DAS harvest siliqua (kg/ha)
Organic manures (M)
M0 : No organic manures 101.17 136.25 160.58 4.57 12.38 199.92 11.83 1931 4094
M1 : FYM @ 5.0 t/ha 119.08 153.83 179.08 5.50 13.55 225.67 13.17 2252 4403
M2 : Vermicompost @ 1.0 t/ha 114.75 149.08 173.33 5.46 13.30 213.67 12.50 2217 4328
M3 : Castor cake @ 1.0 t/ha 113.42 148.42 172.75 5.09 12.86 209.75 12.50 2199 4293
S.Em.± 2.62 3.11 3.48 0.14 0.28 5.90 0.29 58.55 74.99
C.D. at 5% 7.58 8.98 10.05 0.42 0.81 17.04 0.84 169.10 216.58
Bio-fertilizers (B) (Seed treatment)
B0 : No inoculation 106.75 141.42 165.92 4.81 12.33 199.50 11.83 1952 4095
B1 : Azotobacter spp. @ 10 ml/kg seed 112.75 147.17 171.17 5.14 12.84 209.17 12.50 2195 4293
B2 : PSB spp. @ 10 ml/kg seed 113.50 148.67 172.50 5.16 13.40 216.25 12.58 2220 4347
B=: Azotobacter spp. + PSB spp.
115.42 150.33 176.17 5.52 13.52 224.08 13.08 2232 4383
(each @ 10 ml/kg seed)
S.Em.± 2.62 3.11 3.48 0.14 0.28 5.90 0.29 58.55 74.99
C.D. at 5% NS NS NS 0.42 0.81 17.04 0.84 169.10 216.58
Interaction
(OXB) NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS
C.V. % 8.11 7.34 7.03 9.66 7.47 9.63 8.07 9.43 7.07
DAS: Days after sowing FYM: Farm yard manure PSB: Phosphate solubilizing bacteria
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Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry

Economics
The data in Table-2 clearly indicated that the highest net fertilizers levels, seed inoculation with Azotobacter spp. +
return of 82037 Rs/ha and BCR of 2.97 were accrued with the PSB spp. (each @ 10 ml/kg seed) (B3) gave the highest net
application of FYM @ 5.0 t/ha (M1). With regard to bio- returns of 86629 Rs/ha and BCR of 3.40.

Table 2: Economics of different treatments

Treatments Gross Return (Rs/ha) Cost Cultivation (Rs/ha) Net Return (Rs/ha) BCR
Organic manures (M)
M0 : No organic manures 106575 36027 70549 2.95
M1 : FYM @ 5.0 t/ha 123756 41719 82037 2.97
M2 : Vermicompost @ 1.0 t/ha 121820 43996 77824 2.76
M3 : Castor cake @ 1.0 t/ha 120796 45135 75661 2.67
Bio-fertilizers (B) (Seed treatment)
B0 : No inoculation 107682 36027 71655 2.96
B1 : Azotobacter spp. @ 10 ml/kg seed 120619 36031 84587 3.34
B2 : PSB spp. @ 10 ml/kg seed 121983 36031 85951 3.38
B3 : Azotobacter spp. + PSB spp.
122665 36035 86629 3.40
(each @ 10 ml/kg seed)

Conclusion 10. Yadav HK, Thomas T, Khajuria V. Effect of different

On the basis of the results from the one year experimentation, levels of sulphur and biofertilizer on the yield and quality
it can be concluded that higher production and net returns of of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) and soil
Indian mustard (cv. Gujarat Mustard-3) under South properties. Journal of Agricultural Physics. 2010;
Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone can be achieved by application 10(1):61-65.
of FYM @ 5.0 t/ha and inoculation with Azotobacter spp. + 11. Yadav SS, Jakhar ML, Yadav LR. Response of taramira
PSB spp. (each @ 10 ml/kg seed). (Eruca sativa) to varying levels of FYM and
vermicompost under rainfed conditions. Journal of
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