CHAPTER 5:

SYSTEM SOFTWARE: OPERATING

SYSTEMS AND UTILITY PROGRAMS
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SYSTEM SOFTWARE
A program designed to run a computer's
hardware and applications and manage its
resources, such as its memory, processors,
and devices.
-Manage a computer's basic functions,
including the disk OS, file management
utility software, OSes, and application
software and hardware.
 - An operating system (OS) is the program that,
after being initially loaded into the computer by a
boot program, manages all of the other
application programs in a computer.

THE
Serves as the foundation for all software
programs on a computer.

OPERATING
SYSTEMS
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UTILITY PROGRAMS
A utility program performs a
specific task, usually related to
managing or maintaining the
computer system.
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FUNCTIONS OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM:

INTERFACING WITH
USERS AND BOOTING THE PC
 INTERFACING
WITH USERS
USER INTERFACE (UI)- The point of human-computer
interaction and communication in a device.
 BOOTING THE COMPUTER
-To boot (to boot up, to start
up or booting) a computer is to load an operating system
(OS) into the computer's main memory or RAM. Once the OS
is loaded (KERNEL), it's ready for users to run applications.

KERNEL-A kernel is the core part of an operating system.

OS RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT AND
SECURITY
-OS Manages and monitors resources for
problems and tries to correct any that arise.
 1. Device Manager => Device Management
-Makes resources available to users, programs (agents) & devices

2. Memory Manager => Memory Management

heading
-the function responsible for managing the computer's primary memory.

3. File Manager => File Management

-allows users to create a new file, and modify and delete the old files present at
different locations of the computer system

4. CPU Manager => Scheduler

-Manages CPU allocation to processes
5.Security management
the high level process of cataloguing enterprise IT assets and developing the
documentation and policies to protect them from internal and external threats
and cyberthreats
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1.DEVICE MANAGEMENT
-Configuring devices so they
operate properly.
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Device Drivers
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2. Memory Management
-Memory management is the process of controlling
and coordinating a computer's main memory.
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3. File Management
-The process of organizing, storing,
and accessing digital files on a
computer
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File Management Utility Programs

-File management utilities enable

the user to perform file
management tasks.
File Utilities => Search Tools
-Is designed to search for
documents and
other files on the
user's hard drive.
File Utilities => Diagnostic and Disk Management
-Evaluate your system and
make recommendations
for fixing any errors
found.
 File Utilities => Uninstall and Cleanup
-Uninstall utilities remove programs from your hard
drive without
leaving bits and pieces behind.
File Utilities => Compression Programs
-files are compressed to reduce size of
files to optimize space and
transmission time.
 4. CPU Management - Scheduling
-The process of deciding which tasks to run on the CPU at any
given time. The goal is to keep the CPU busy and optimize the
system's performance
 5. Security
-Uses passwords, biometric characteristics and other
security procedures to
limit access to system resources
 Categories of Operating Systems

*Personal (desktop) operating systems are designed to be installed

on a single computer
*Server (network) operating systems are designed to be installed on
a network server
-Client computers still use a personal operating system
-Server operating system controls access to network resources
*Mobile operating systems are used with smartphones and other
mobile devices
*Embedded operating systems are built into devices (cars, kiosks,
consumer electronics, etc.
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SOFTWARE
1. The client software provides a shell
around your desktop operating system.
The shell program enables your server
operating system, which is located on
the network server.
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SOFTWARE
2. When you request a network activity,
such as printing a document using a
network printer, your application
program passes the job to your desktop
operating system, which sends it to the
client shell, which sends it on to the
server operating system, which is located
on the network server
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SOFTWARE

3. The Server Operating System then lines up

your job in its print queue and prints the job
when its turn comes

In addition to personal operating systems and server operating systems, there are mobile
operating systems that are designed to be used with smartphones and other mobile
devices, and embedded operating systems that are built into consumer kiosks, cash
regis-ters, cars, consumer electronics, and other devices. Specific examples of operating
systems are covered later in this chapter.
Types of Processors Supported and Support for New
Technologies

-Most operating systems are designed for a specific type of processors

-Desktop, mobile, or server processors
-32-bit or 64-bit CPUs
-Operating systems must respond to new technologies or trends
-New CPU characteristic or new type of bus
-Virtualization
-Mobility and wearables
-Security concerns
-Power-consumption concerns
-Touch and gesture input
-The move to cloud software
 DOS L
*During the 1980s and early 1990s,
DOS (Disk Operating System) was the
dominant operating system for
microcomputersDOS traditionally used
a command line interface.

There are two primary forms

-DOS: PC-DOS and MS-DOS. PC-DOS
was created originally for IBM PCs

*DOS commands can be used to

quickly deter mine specific
information or per form tasks, such as
the ipconfig command used to display
your computer's IP address or the ping
command used to check your Internet
connection
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Microsoft Windows has been the predominant personal

operating system for many years and still holds about
90% of the market. There have been many different
versions of Windows over the years, the next few
sections chronicle the main developments of this
operating system.
 More Recent Versions of Windows
• Windows XP
Support for new hardware, networking, and the Internet
• Windows Vista
Introduced the Aero interface and Sidebar feature
• Windows 7
Required less memory and processing power; designed
to run well on netbooks and tablets
• Windows 8
Designed to be used with a wide range of
deviceSupports multi-touch input
Includes Start screen, tiles, and charms bar
• There are also server versions of these operating
systems (Windows Server and Windows Home Server)
Windows xp
 WINDOWS 10
• Windows 10 is the latest version of Windows
Is a universal operating system that will run on any device
- Replaces all previous versions of Windows
-Looks and feel are consistent
-Experience is optimized to match the device being used
-Looks similar to Windows 8 but has new features
-The Start menu contains a menu and tiles
-Apps run in resizable windows
- Task View allows personalized, virtual desktops
- Edge Web browser
- Cortana virtual assistant
Windows
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OS X
The proprietary operating
system for Mac computers
made by Apple Corporation
was Mac OS. Many of today's
operating systems follow the
trend that Mac OS started and,
in fact, use GUls that highly
resemble the one used with
Mac OS.
 Linux is an operating system developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991 when he was a student at the
University of Helsinki in Finland.
Linux. An open source operating system that is avallable without charge over the Internet and is
increasingly being used with mobile devices personal computers, servers, mainframes, and
supercomputers.
 OPERATING SYSTEMS
FOR MOBILE DEVICES
SMARTPHONES AND MOBILE DEVICES USUALLY REQUIRE A
DIFFERENT OPERATING SYSTEM THAN A DESK- TOP COMPUTER OR
SERVER, ALTHOUGH MANY MOBILE OPERATING SYSTEMS ARE
MOBILE VERSIONS OF DESKTOP OPERATING SYSTEMS. OPERATING
SYSTEMS COMMONLY USED WITH MOBILE DEVICES TODAY
INCLUDE WINDOWS 10, ANDROID, IOS, AND OTHER OPERATING
SYSTEMS BASED ON LINUX.
 Windows 10 Mobile
As previously mentioned, Windows 10 is designed to
work on smartphones, tablets, and other mobile devices
in addition to personal computers.
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Android
A Linux-based operating system designed for mobile
devices and developed by the Upen Handset Alliance,
which is a group of companies led by Google.
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iOS
The mobile operating system designed for Apple mobile
devices, such as the iPhone and the iPad, is iOS
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BlackBerry OS and BlackBerry

PlayBook OS
BlackBerry OS is the operating system designed for
BlackBerry
devices.
Operating System for Larger Computer
High-end servers, mainframes, and supercomputers may
use an operating system designed specifically for that type
of system, but are increasingly using customized versions of
con- ventional operating systems, such as Windows, UNIX,
and Linux.
 THE FUTURE OF OPERATING SYSTEMS
In the future, operating systems will likely become even
more user-friendly, voice-driven, and stable, repairing
themselves when needed and causing errors and
conflicts much less frequently.
THANK YOU!