LABORATORY REPORT

Computer Network

(BL2024250400630)

Submitted by

NAME: ShreeramKothari
REGNO: 22BCY10107

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

in
CSE (Cyber Security and Digital Forensics)

Submitted to

Dr.Trapti Sharma

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING SCIENCE AND

 ENGINEERING

VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY

 Table of Contents

SL.NO Name of the experiment DATE

1 -Design and simulation of Physical layer device –Hubs taking
mum 5 workstations
and considering class A address.
-Design and simulation of two LANs using hub and connect them
g physical layer
device Repeater.

2 -To design two LANs using switches and connect them using
ges taking at
at least 4-5 work-stations.

3 -Design and simulate wireless Local area network – Consider 3 or

wireless
devices(such as desktop, laptop, tablet, smart devices etc.)
ected to Access
point/wireless router and illustrate the results.

4 -To construct a Wireless LAN and make the 4 PC's and 1 Tablet
municate
wirelessly.

5 -Design and simulation of two different Local area networks

and connect them
using Dynamic routing (RIP) considering 2 routers and 3
routers respectively.

6 -Design and simulation of two different Local area networks and

connect them
using Static routing considering 2 routers and 3 routers
respectively.
 Table of Contents

SL.NO Name of the experiment DATE

(Consider at least 3 workstations in designing the network and
minimum 2 routers for
first network and minimum 3 Routers for the second network
design.)

Dec, 2024
LAB- 1
Objective
The objective of this project is to design and simulate a Local Area Network (LAN) using hubs to
connect a minimum of five workstations, utilizing a Class A IP address scheme. Additionally, the design
will include connecting two LANs using a physical layer device known as a repeater.

Apparatus Required
• Hardware:
• 1 Hub (with at least 5 ports)
• 2 Repeaters
• 10 Workstations (PCs)
• Software:
• Cisco Packet Tracer or similar network simulation software

Theory

Class A Addressing
Class A IP addresses are characterized by their first octet ranging from 1 to 126. The default subnet
mask for Class A is 255.0.0.0, allowing for a vast number of hosts within a single network. For example,
the network address could be defined as:

• Network Address: 10.0.0.0

• Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0
• Valid Host Range: 10.0.0.1 to 10.255.255.254

Hub and Repeater Functionality

• Hub: A hub operates at the physical layer (Layer 1) of the OSI model and acts as a multiport repeater,
broadcasting incoming data packets to all connected devices without filtering or buffering.
• Repeater: A repeater regenerates and amplifies signals to extend the distance over which data can
travel in a network segment, effectively connecting two LAN segments into one.
Network Topology
The network will be designed in a star topology, where all workstations connect to a central hub, and
multiple hubs can be interconnected via repeaters.
Network Diagram

Results/Observation

Real-Time Mode

In real-time mode, when one workstation sends data, it is broadcasted to all other workstations connected
to the hub. This can be observed by sending a simple data packet from one workstation and confirming
that all other workstations receive the packet simultaneously.
Simulation Mode

Result

The simulation demonstrates that:

The hub effectively connects multiple workstations in a star topology. Data sent from one workstation is
received by all others, confirming the hub's functionality.

The repeater successfully extends the network by connecting two LAN segments without loss of signal
integrity.

This setup showcases the basic principles of networking using hubs and repeaters while adhering to Class
A addressing conventions, providing practical insights into physical layer device operations in LANs.

LAB -2
Objective

The objective of this activity is to design two LocalArea Networks (LANs), each containing 4-5
workstations, and connect them using bridges. This setup allows communication between devices within
the same LAN and across different LANs, while also helping in learning about the practical usage of
network bridges and switches in real-world scenarios.

Apparatus Required

Computers or Workstations: Minimum4-5 for each LAN.

Switches: At least 2, one for each LAN.

Bridges: At least 1 bridge to connect the two LANs.

Network cables: Ethernet cables to connect devices to switches and switches to bridges.

Networking software (e.g., Cisco Packet Tracer, GNS3, or any simulation tool if working in simulation
mode).

Screenshot software for taking screenshots with registration number and name.

Theory

In a Local Area Network (LAN), multiple devices (workstations, servers, printers, etc.) are connected to
share resources and exchange data. LANs can be connected to each other using bridges, allowing them
to act as a larger network while minimizing unnecessary traffic between LANs.

Switches are devices that operate at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model. They receive incoming
data packets, analyze their MAC addresses, and forward them to the correct destination within the LAN.

Bridges are also Layer 2 devices that connect two or more LAN segments, filtering and forwarding data
based on MAC addresses. Bridges help divide the network into manageable segments, reducing traffic and
collisions within individual LANs.

About Bridges and Switches

Switch: A switch can connect multiple devices in a LAN and forward data to the correct device based on
MAC addresses.

Bridge: A bridge can connect two LANs, enabling communication between them while isolating traffic
within each LAN to avoid congestion.

Network Diagram

The network diagram will include:

Two LANs connected via a bridge.

Each LAN will consist of 4-5 workstations connected to a switch.

The two switches will be connected to a bridge for inter-LAN communication.

You can create the network diagram in the simulation tool you are using or draw it manually.

Results/Observation

After designing the network, you will verify whether the workstations within the same LAN can
communicate directly with each other.

You will also check whether the two LANs can communicate with each other through the bridge.

LAB-3

I. Design and simulate wireless Local area network – Consider 3 or more wireless
devices(such as desktop, laptop, tablet, smart devices etc.) connected to Access
point/wireless router and illustrate the results.

Objective

To design and simulate a wireless LAN consisting of at least three wireless devices connected to an
access point or router, analyze its functionality, and observe its behavior in both real-time and
simulation modes.

Apparatus Required

1. Hardware (optional for physical setup):

Wireless router/access point

Laptops, desktops, tablets, or smartphones

2. Software (for simulation):

Cisco Packet Tracer (or any other networking simulation tool)

Basic knowledge of IP addressing

3. Network Components:

Wireless router

Wireless-capable devices (e.g., PC, laptop, tablet)

Theory

Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) enable devices to connect to a network without cables,
using radio waves. They typically involve:
1. Access Point (AP): Acts as a hub for wireless devices.
2. Wireless Standards: IEEE 802.11 (a/b/g/n/ac/ax) for communication. 3. IP Addressing:
Devices are assigned IP addresses for connectivity. 4. Real-time Mode: Reflects actual device
communication behavior. 5. Simulation Mode: Visualizes data packet flow and device
interaction.

Network Diagram
 Create a network
diagram with the following components:
1. Wireless Router (configured as a DHCP server).
2. Three or more devices:

Laptop

Tablet

Smartphone/desktop

3. Connections between the devices and the router via Wi-Fi.

Steps for Simulation

1. Designing the Network:

Drag a wireless router onto the workspace. Add wireless-capable devices.

Connect them using Wi-Fi.

2. Configuring the Router:

Assign SSID and security settings (e.g., WPA2).
Enable DHCP to assign IPs automatically.

3. Real-Time Mode:

Ping from one device to another.

Open a browser to access a website (simulated). 4. Simulation Mode:

Use packet analysis tools to visualize packet flow.

Result

The WLAN design demonstrates seamless connectivity among devices in both real-time and simulation
modes. It highlights the use of wireless technology in creating efficient and reliable local networks.

Lab -Activity 3- WLAN

Activity 3. To construct a Wireless LAN and make the 4-PC’s and 1-Tablet
communicate wirelessly.

Objective
To construct a Wireless LAN (WLAN) using Cisco Packet Tracer and enable communication among 4 PCs and 1
Tablet.

Apparatus Required
1. Cisco Packet Tracer software.
2. Devices:
. Wireless Router/Access Point.
. 4 PCs.
. 1 Tablet.
3. Connectivity tools in Cisco Packet Tracer.

Theory
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) enables devices to connect to a network wirelessly using radio waves. WLANs
rely on Access Points (APs) to manage wireless communication and link wireless devices to the wired network
infrastructure.

Key Features of WLANs:

1. Ease of Deployment: No physical cables required.
2. Flexibility: Devices can move freely within the AP's coverage area.
3. Security: Configured with protocols like WPA2 or WPA3.

About Wireless LAN and Access Points

An Access Point (AP) is a networking device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network. It operates
on IEEE 802.11 standards and can handle multiple devices simultaneously.

Steps to Set Up the WLAN in Cisco Packet Tracer

1. Add a Wireless Router/Access Point to the workspace.

2. Place 4 PCs and 1 Tablet in the topology.
3. Configure the wireless settings on the router:
. Set the SSID (e.g., "MyWirelessLAN").
. Enable security (e.g., WPA2, set a passphrase).
4. Assign static or dynamic IP addresses to the devices.
5. Ensure that the PCs and Tablet are connected to the WLAN using their wireless adapters.

Network Diagram
Ip Configuration of PC0
Ip Configuration 0th Router

Configure Access Point for WEP Name and Password

Changing the Lan Module of every PC with WLAN
Connecting Every Device With Same Network using WEP Key
Ip Configuration of the Tablet
Results/Observation

1. Real-Time Mode:
2. Simulation Mode:
Conclusion
The Wireless LAN was successfully constructed, and communication between 4 PCs and 1 Tablet was
achieved. The setup demonstrates how WLANs enable seamless wireless communication and highlights the
role of access points in managing a wireless network.

LAB- Activity 5 -Dynamic Routing

Activity: Design and Simulation of Dynamic Routing Networks Objective: 1. Design and

simulation of two different Local area networks and connect them using Dynamic routing (RIP)

considering 2 routers and 3 routers respectively.

Apparatus Required:

- For the three-router network:

. 3 routers
. 3 switches
. 6 laptops or PCs
. Ethernet straight-through cables
- For the two-router network:
. 2 routers
. 2 switches
. 4 laptops or PCs
. Ethernet straight-through cables

Theory:

1. Dynamic Routing:
. Dynamic routing (adaptive routing) allows routers to forward data via alternative routes based on
current network conditions.
. This method adapts to changes such as node or link failures, ensuring 2. Routing Information
Protocol (RIP):
. RIP is a distance-vector routing protocol that dynamically calculates the best route to a destination.
3. Benefits of Dynamic Routing:
. Improved performance and scalability.
. Automatic rerouting in case of failures, reducing downtime.
4. Network Topology:
. In both scenarios, workstations connect to switches via Ethernet cables. . Routers are connected to
each other to form the backbone of the networks.
Network Diagram:

1. Two-Router Network:
2. Three-Router Network:

Results/Observations:

1. Simulation Mode:
- For Three Routers
2. Real-Time Mode:
- For Two Routers

Result:

For three routers

For two routers
LAB- Activity-4 Static Routing

Activity

Design and simulation of two different Local area networks and connect them using Static routing
considering 2 routers and 3 routers respectively.

Objective

To design and simulate two different Local Area Networks (LANs) and connect them using static routing.

1. First Network Design: Using a minimum of 2 routers and 3 workstations per LAN.
2. Second Network Design: Using a minimum of 3 routers and 3 workstations per LAN.

Apparatus Required

1. Cisco Packet Tracer software.

2. Devices:
- For the first design:
. 2 routers.
. 6 workstations (3 per LAN).
- For the second design:
. 3 routers.
. 9 workstations (3 per LAN).
3. Networking components:
- Switches for LANs.
- Straight-through and crossover cables (or wireless connections).
4. Connectivity tools in Cisco Packet Tracer.
Theory

Static routing is a manual method of routing where routes are added to the router's routing table
manually by the administrator. It is suitable for small and simple networks where routes do not change
frequently.

Steps to Set Up the Network in Cisco Packet Tracer

1. First Design:
. Create two separate LANs using switches and workstations.
. Connect the LANs using two routers.
. Assign IP addresses to all devices within the LANs and ensure they follow the
2. Second Design:
. Create three separate LANs using switches and workstations.
. Connect the LANs using three routers.
. Assign IP addresses to all devices within the LANs and ensure they follow the
same subnet.
. Configure the routers for static routing.

Network Diagrams

1. First Design (2 Routers, 6 PCs): Include a topology screenshot showing 2 routers

connected to their respective LANs.

2nd PC1 IP Configuration

2nd PC1 IP Configuration

3rd PC2 IP Configuration

4th PC3 IP Configuration

Configuration of the Fast Ethernet 0/0 of Router 0
Configuration of the Fast Ethernet 0/0 of Router 1

Configuration of the Fast Ethernet 0/1 of Router 1

Router0 Static Routes

Router1 Static Routes

Real Time Mode

Simulation Mode
2. Second Design (3 Routers, 9 PCs): Include a topology screenshot showing 3 routers
connected to their respective LANs.
Real Time Mode
Simulation Mode
Conclusion

The simulation of two different LAN designs was successfully implemented using static routing.
The first design used two routers, and the second design used three routers. Both
configurations achieved seamless communication between devices in separate LANs,
demonstrating effective implementation of static routing.