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POL111 - ELEMENTS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE SUMMARY

______ can be determined by listing all the topics, which interest scholars in
the field at a given time
Political Science

________ defined politics “as a social process characterized by activity

involving rivalry and co-operation in the exercise of power, culminating in
the making of decision for a group.”
William Bluhm

According to Easton, “a ____________ is authoritative if when the person to

whom it is intended to apply, or who are affected by it considers that they
must or ought to obey it”
Policy

According to___________ , politics is a plausible response to the problem of

governing, or maintaining order, in a complex society.
Aristotle

_____________ is the rule of one group in their own interest

Oligarchy

_____________ view politics as the “master science.”

Aristotle

Aristotle view politics as the ____________.

master science

Politics is the master science not in the sense that it includes or explains all
other sciences, but in that, it gives them some priority.

____________ is the constant interplay between the rulers (elite) and the ruled
(masses).
Politics

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____________ is pervasive conflict among competing institutions such as
parliaments and political parties
Politics

Political Science can be broadly grouped into ___________divisions

two

Political Science can be broadly grouped into two divisions: political theory
and____________.
political organization

_____________ is the instrument by which the purpose of the state is realized.

Government

Government is the instrument by which the purpose of the ___________ is

realized.
State

The United States operates a _____________democracy having no room for a

king.
republican

The ____________ operates a republican democracy having no room for a

king.
United States

___________ practices constitutional monarchy

Britain

The United States operates a republican democracy having no room for a

____________
King

The conflict over _____________ that lies at the heart of the political process
is a conflict between or among human beings.
scarce resources

The removal of the human element from the political equation would render
any political analysis a sterile exercise or endeavor.
True

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____________ collects or gathers facts and links them together in their causal
sequence with the objective of drawing valid inferences.
Science

A ____________ is based on reason and evidence as well as conclusions that

are verifiable, communicable and can be replicated across national frontiers.
scientific knowledge

Any scientific discipline must therefore possess the following characteristics:

 The possibility of a consistent, concise and connected formulation
 The capacity to generalize and make predictions
 The possibility of verification of the data as well as the generalizations
 An agreement on methods
 The adequate training of those who are engaged in scientific work

When a hypothesis is accepted a grand theory of politics may be developed

that can be used for either a single country or cross-country study.

The scientific approach in Political Science refers to the methods being

employed by the practitioners of the discipline.

Political science is a social science discipline because ____________

It deals with human beings

According to _____________“Political Science is the fruit of history and

History is the root of Political Science‟‟
Professor Seeley

_____________ argued that: “Human beings are the least controllable,

verifiable, law obeying and predictable of subjects”.
Russel Kirk

______________ defines politics as the “art of governing mankind by deceiving

them”
Isaac Disrael

_____________ is created to strive for the wellbeing of the people in the polity
apart from maintaining peace and orderliness in the society.
Government

The popular phrase that “the end justifies the means”, is related
to____________

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Machiavellian

E. H. Carr defined ____________ as “the unending dialogue between the

present and the past.”
History

Professor Renier laid stress on the social role of history and so defined the
discipline as “the memories of societies”

Who stated that Political Science is the fruit of history and history is the root
of Political Science?
Professor Seely J. R

Professor R. G. Collingwood conceives the explorative role of history thus:

“Science is finding things out: and in that sense history is science”.

______________ is a branch of study that investigates the laws of morality and

formulates the rule of conduct, that is what is right and wrong, the dos and
don‟ts.
Ethics

The utilitarian doctrine of Jeremy Bentham who prescribes “the greatest

happiness of the greatest numbers” as the purpose of government better
illustrates the union of ethics and politics.
James Baker (1995) shared this view of the unity of politics and ethics when
he stated, “it is only through politics that we can transform philosophy into
policy.”

_____________ is the science of wealth, concerned with the allocation and use
of limited resources among the various groups in a society.
Economics

Political independence is meaningless without economic self determination.

True

The term ____________ was coined by Alfred Thayer and Sir Halford
Mackinder
Geopolitics

The term geopolitics was coined by Alfred Thayer and Sir Halford Mackinder

Political Science started as a full-fledged discipline.

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False

Political Science did not start as a full-fledged discipline.

True

Political science is a branch of ____________ science.

Social

______________ argued that all functions of government could be

encompassed within the categories of legislation, execution and the
adjudication of law.
Montesquieu

The first political scientist known to have analyzed information

systematically was the Greek philosopher ____________
Aristotle

In the ___________ century, Germany, academics developed a systematic

science called “Staatlehre” to provide useful information to governments.
19th

In the 19th century, Germany, academics developed a systematic science

called ____________ to provide useful information to governments.
Staatlehre

The first Professor of Political Science in the United States was the German
called_____________
Francie Lieber

The Chicago school was the forerunner of the behavioural revolution of

the_____________
1950s
The Chicago school was the forerunner of what became known as the
___________ revolution of the 1950s that influenced political science during
the last half of the 20th century
Behavioural

The idea of ____________ was the development of research in political science

using scientific procedure and methods.
Behaviourism

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The tradition of scientific methods in political science was informed by what
is considered by the proponents of scientific study of politic as _____________
Behavioral Revolution

The post-behavioral period is also referred to as the _____________

age of action

The result of the reawakening was the challenge posed to the behavioralists
and the response to it was the emergence in political science of a paradigm
called ____________
post behaviorism

The First World War ended in the year____________

1918

____________ argues that every political change whether conscious or

otherwise is a sort of experiment.
August Comte

_____________ method seeks an explanation of what the past institutions are

in order to appreciate what they have been so as to know their enduring
value if any.
Historical

_____________ method entails a close observation of the political phenomena

under study.
Observational

____________ method is employed in the study of political phenomena of

different countries and environments using similar or dissimilar political
concepts.
Comparative

____________ method is either deductive or inductive and starts from a

premise that it is necessary to construct theories of the state and the
purpose of government; while others are inductive method.
Philosophical

The method which seeks to benefit from the relationships between politics
and the legal process through the institutions created by the constitution
and the laws enacted by the legislature for the purposes of maintaining
order in the society is called_____________

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Legal method

______________ is the supreme law from which other legislations or

enactments draw their strengths.
Constitution

______________ is the only means by which the actions of a government and

its institutions could be measured or assessed to be legal or ultra vires.
Constitution

A ____________ is a body of fundamental laws by which a country is

governed.
Constitution

A ______________ is therefore a fundamental prerequisite for the political

stability, economic well being and social cohesion of a country.
Constitution

A ____________ provides the framework and principles which governs the

organization of government, its institutions, the nation‟s political philosophy
and aspirations as well as the relationships between the citizens and the
state.
constitution

Literarily, a ____________ is the system of laws and basic principles that a

state, a country or an organization is governed.
constitution

A _____________ in general terms, is the body of rules which directly or

indirectly affect the distribution of power or the exercise of the sovereign
power in any nation-state.
Constitution

According to Austin Ranney (cited in Ojo, 1973),“a constitution is a whole

body of fundamental rules, written or unwritten, legal and extra legal
according to which a particular government operates”.

_____________ deals with the rule of law.

Constitutionalism

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______________ define the limits of a government authority, thereby
automatically establishing and safeguarding human rights.
Constitutions

S. N. Ray (2006: 109) defines _____________ as “a body of normative thought

which seeks to realize by means of institutional arrangements, the dominant
values.
Constitutionalism

_____________ stands for the principle that the exercise of political power
shall be bounded by rules, and with the objective of curbing arbitrariness of
political power.
Constitutionalism

Constitutionalism is based on the principle of shared power.

True

The types of constitution include the following

 Written constitution
 Unwritten constitution
 Rigid Constitution
 Flexible and Rigid Constitutions
 Confederal Constitution
 Unitary Constitution
 Federal Constitution

The American Constitution originated from the Constitutional Convention

held at Philadelphia in_____________.
1878

______________ means the guiding principle by which the country is governed

is traditionally not set out in a single document.
Unwritten constitution

The Great Britain operates _____________constitution

unwritten

The Great Britain operates unwritten constitution in her more than

____________ years of democracy.
500

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The British Constitution is drawn from diverse sources extending from the
____________ century to the present.
13th

The constitutions whose fundamental laws can be changed or amended by

simple majority votes of the members of the parliament are
called____________
Flexible constitution

____________ are those that cannot be easily changed or amended because

they require special and usually difficult process.
Rigid constitutions

The principle that governs a unitary constitution is ______________

Unitarianism

The word „Unitarianism‟ means the concentration of political power in the

hands of one visible sovereign power

A country with a federal constitution is called a ____________

Federation

A country with a federal constitution is called a federation and its

government is referred to as a federal system of government.

____________ is a league or union of many sovereign states for a common

purpose.
Confederation

A ____________ can be defined as that arrangement in which two or more

sovereign and independent states agree to come together to have a central
but weak government.
Confederation

Americans discarded confederation in the year___________

1789

The following are examples of confederacy

 African Union (AU)
 Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
 European Union (EU)
 Commonwealth of Nations

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A _____________ is critical to the understanding of government and how the
citizens of a country are governed.
Constitution

_____________ is an instrument for the consolidation of state power.

Constitution

A _____________ traditionally explains the powers and limitations of the

government in a society.
Constitution

A ______________ serves as a medium for setting out the code of conduct or

pattern of behaviour acceptable in a given society.
Constitution

The city-state was an organized society of people living in what the Greeks
called “polis.”

The Greek-city state shared three basic characteristics: small size, love of
independence and all inclusiveness.

_____________ is a land dotted and interspersed with mountains and small

valleys, making it impossible for big, linear settlements.
Greece

_____________ status or rights could only be granted by virtue of birth.

Citizenship

According to_____________, a city-state must be large enough to be

economically viable or self-supporting, but must not be too large as to
prevent unity or personal feelings among its members.
Aristotle

The modern state is a ____________ which is larger than the city-state.

nation-state

In city-states like Athens the citizens are called the _____________

Athenians

According to_____________, human by nature are social beings

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Aristotle

The force theory has ____________ components

Two

The force theory has two components: the negative and the______________.
positive

The Greek Sophist, Thrusy Machus once observed: “Justice is the interest of
the stronger.” M

_____________ was a fanatical believer in force theory when he admonished

every prince (leader) to combine force with guile in order to sustain himself
in power.
Machiavelli

_____________ is of this view when he argued, “the strongest is never strong

enough to always be master, unless he transforms strength into right and
obedience into duty”.
Rousseau

Mussolini‟s idea of a police state is the forerunner of what is today known as

_____________
Statism

_______________ theory states that state is of supernatural authority that was

created by God and that God appointed some people to preside over the
government of a state on His behalf.
The Divine Rights of the King Theory
Theories on the Origins of the State
 The Natural Theory
 The Force Theory
 The Divine Rights of the King Theory
 The Social Contract Theory
 Thomas Hobbes‟s version
 The Marxian Theory
 The Family Theory
 Sir Henry Maine and the Patriarchal Theory
 Evolutionary Theory

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According to ____________, in the beginning men were living in a “state of
nature” where life was “poor, solitary, nasty, brutish and short.
Hobbes

The basic claim of_____________ theory is that in the beginning, life was not
in a state of nature, but was peaceful.
The Marxian Theory

______________ theory considers the state mechanism, neither a divine

institution nor as a deliberate human contrivance
Evolutionary Theory

Greece et al (1976) has observed that the ancient Greeks gave the
evolutionary or natural theory of the state, it highest prominence.

Aristotle assessed that man was “by nature a political animal”

Adam Smith‟s notion of the “invisible hands” in his The Wealth of Nations

Harold Laski (1982) defines a state as “a territorial society divided into

government and subjects claiming within its allotted physical area, a
supremacy over all other institutions.

The term state applies to that political authority which maintains

domination over a specific geographical area.

Marx Weber (1964) defines the state as “a regime or supreme authority,

which gives order to all and receives orders from all.”

Woodrow Wilson who defines a state as “a people organized for law within a
political community.

The ____________is a territorial association, an area with a clearly defined

boundary within which a government is responsible for law and order.
State
Functions of the State
 The duty of protecting the society from violence and invasion of other
independent societies
 The duty of establishing an exact administration of justice 76
 The duty of erecting and maintaining certain public works and certain
public institutions for the society

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______________ may be defined as the power of a state to make laws and
enforce the laws with all the coercive power it can employ without any
external interference.
Sovereignty

______________ is that characteristic of the state by virtue of which it cannot

be legally bound except by its own will or limited by any power than itself.
Sovereignty

The French writer, ______________ introduced the theory of sovereignty into

the study of political science.
Jean Bodin

_____________ postulates that, “If the state is to live there must be in every
organized community some definite authority not only itself obeyed, but also
itself beyond the reach of authority.”
Jean Bodin

______________ is a supreme power of the state over her citizens and

subjects, itself not bound by the laws.
Sovereignty

Scholars who have helped to develop the theory of sovereignty include

 Thomas Hobbes
 John Locke
 J. J. Rousseau
 Jeremy Bentham

According to_____________ , sovereignty is absolute and located in the ruler,

his premise being the social contract.
Hobbes

____________ maintained that sovereignty belonged to the people; it could be

exercised only in an assembly of the whole people.
Rousseau

____________ urged the necessity for the sovereign to justify his power by
useful legislations to promoting “the greatest happiness of the greatest
number.”
Bentham

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The types of sovereignty
 Legal sovereignty
 Political/popular sovereignty
 External sovereignty

_____________ is the foremost exponent of legal sovereignty.

John Austin

The foremost exponent of legal sovereignty is__________________

John Austin

According to ______________, the state is a legal order in which the sovereign

is determinate and exercises ultimate power.
John Austin

John Chipman Gray confirmed elitist rule when he declared that the real
rulers of society are undiscoverable.

_____________ is the central organizing principle of the international system.

External Sovereignty

_____________ means essentially supremacy and separateness of states as

legal or political entities with power to control others and regulate not only
their internal affairs, but also their external or foreign relations.
External sovereignty

ICJ stands for_____________

International Court of Justice

ICC stands for ______________

International Criminal Court

The idea of sovereign state in diplomatic history had its roots with the
signing of the Treaty of Westphalia in____________.
1648

The San Francisco Conference took place in_____________

1945

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______________ can be defined as those privileges enjoyed by the citizens of a
given states.
Human rights

The origins of human rights can be traced to the American Declaration of

Independence of _____________
1776

Nigerian became a republican in the year_____________

1963

_____________ is a limitation to the freedom of speech and writing if it

defames or impugns the integrity of another person.
Law of libel

______________ means the maintenance of equal opportunities for all citizens.

Liberty

_____________ wrote: “That government is best which governs least.”

John Stuart Mill

_____________ means membership of a given state.

Citizenship

A ____________ is a person who is a freeborn of a state.

citizen

_____________ are the responsibilities the citizens owe not only to the state
but also to themselves for effective functioning of the state as well as the
harmonious relationships between the individuals and the social groups
within the state.
Duties

The _____________ theory of the state states that without the individual
performing its functions, (duties) the state cannot function.
Organic

______________ is the ability or capacity to get other people to do ones

wishes, with or without their consent
Power

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______________ defines power as the “probability that one actor within a
social relationship will be in a position to carry out his own will despite
resistance.”
Max Weber

______________ is the capacity to affect another‟s behaviour by the threat of

some forms of sanction.
Political power

The attributes of power include the following

 Power is dynamic
 Objectivity and subjectivity of power
 Power is relative

The elements of national power include the following

 Tangible Elements
 Intangible elements

Differences in the concepts of power/influence and authority/legitimacy

 the concept of authority
 the concept of legitimacy
 influence

Max Weber identifies ___________ major sources of authority.

Three

_____________ authority is legitimated by the supremacy of the law.

Legal rational

Legal rational authority is legitimated by the _____________of the law.

Supremacy

Charismatic authority drives from persons of exceptional qualities who are

accepted and obeyed as leaders include
 heroism
 power of oratory
 intelligence
 power of healing or prophecy

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Leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi of India, John Kennedy of the United
States Chief Obafemi Awolowo, Sir Ahmadu Bello and Muritala Muhammad
of Nigeria are examples of leaders who, during their lifetime, possessed
charismatic qualities that endeared them to the people of their countries.

______________ is the ability to intrude into other people‟s decision-making

process.
Influence

______________ is influence borne out of truthful information and rational

communications.
Rational persuasion

______________ persuasion is achieved through half-truths and falsehood

presented to B by A.
Manipulative

______________ is an influence relationship in which there is the offer of

reward in order to prevent anticipated action.
Inducement

The first and earliest form of government is ____________

Monarchy

_______________ is a type of government headed by a Queen a King or an

Emperor.
Monarchy

Examples are the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

A _____________ monarchy is one that is subject to legal limitations like that

of the United Kingdom, in contradistinction to the absolute monarchy of
Saudi Arabia.
Constitutional

There are ___________ types of monarchy

Two

There are two types of monarchy: Hereditary and______________.

Elective

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______________ occurs when there is no established constitutional authority
to check the king‟s power.
Absolute monarchy

The power of a ______________monarch is regulated by the constitution.

constitutional

The power of a constitutional monarch is regulated by the_____________.

Constitution

______________ is a government that is led by the best citizens

Aristocracy

_____________ is a government by divine guidance or by officials who are

regarded as divinely guided.
Theocracy

_____________ can also be defined as a government by a priesthood or

religious leader.
Theocracy

_______________ is a form of government in which a god or deity is recognized

as the state's supreme civil ruler, or in a higher sense, a form of government
in which a state is governed by immediate divine guidance or by officials
who are regarded as divinely guided.
Theocracy

The extreme type of authoritarianism is best described as ______________

Totalitarianism

______ is one form, perhaps the most popular and controversial type of
government.
Democracy

The term ______ comes from the Greek word for “rule of the people.”
democracy

The term democracy comes from the Greek word for ______
rule of the people.

The _____________ idea of democracy was based on the full participation of

all people in every aspect of government.

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Greek’s

The Greek system of democratic government is the model of “pure” or

consensus” democracy, though in the case of Greek pure democracy did not
last long.

The principle democrats‟ states that, although the procedure of democracy is

important, according to them it is secondary to the basic intents and
objectives of democracy as expressed in democratic theory.

_____________ comes from the people and that a government is only legally
constituted and run when the people gives their consent.
Political power

GDR stands for_____________

German Democratic Republic

Geraint Parry in his Political Elites stress that elites are the “decision
makers of the society whose power is not subject to control by any other
body in the society”.

The assumptions underlying the elite theory are:

 That elites include those who occupy political power or seek to
influence government decisions
 That there is circulation of elites
 That in every society there is always a minority of the population
which takes major decisions.

A according to Allan Ball (1979), a ______________ is composed of the

attitudes, beliefs emotions and values of society that relates to the political
system and to political issues.
Political culture

The first and earliest form of government is ______________.

Monarchy

The ability to intrude into other people‟s decision-making process is referred

to as _____________.
Influence

A political system in which several parties contest for political office is

known as_____________ system.

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Multi

Government for the people, by the people and of the people is_____________
Democracy

A system in which people of noble birth hold hereditary tittles and offices is
called______________
Aristocracy

Political scientists rely on _____________ facts to make predictions, and to

carry out the whole gamut of the challenges posed in comparative political
analysis.
Historical

A scholar _____________ introduced the theory of sovereignty into the study

of political science.
Jean Bodin

The study of who gets what, when, and how” is defined by ______________
Harold Laswell

Politics is also viewed as ______________

Government

Adam smith in his popular work, The Wealth of Nation (1776) laid down the
_____________duties the sovereign must attend to.
Three

The concept of African socialism popularly referred to as “Ujaama” is linked

to the teachings of President _____________
Julius Nyerere

Edmund Burke asserts that the state evolved out of a complex set of human
______________
Needs

The concept of a nation is ______________ in nature

Sociological

Under communism, the nation state system is distrusted because it

developed along with____________.

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Capitalism

The family theory started from the family and expanded to the clan or
kinship group, to the community and finally the _____________ was created.
State

The theory which states that supernatural authority was created by God is
called referred to as the _______________
Divine Theory

____________ is defined as “a territorial society divided into government and

subjects claiming within its allotted physical area, a supremacy over all
other institutions.
State

The Hobbes version of the social contract appeared in his popular book
the_____________.
Leviathan

According to Marx, the serfs had no property of their own and the feudal
lords appropriated all that was produced through their ____________.
Labor

Prominent scholar _____________ introduced the theory of sovereignty into

the study of political science.
Jean Bodin

The privileges enjoyed by the citizens of a given states are called___________

Human Rights

Henry Maine has argued vehemently that the modern State or government is
traceable to the ______________ decent in every family
Male

According to____________ politics is a plausible response to the problem of

governing, or maintaining order, in a complex society.
Aristotle

Popular scholar____________ defined history as “the unending dialogue

between the present and the past
Carr

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The constant interplay between the rulers (elite) and the ruled (masses) is
_____________
Politics

The two major sub-divisions of political science are political theory and
political_____________.
Organization

In a _____________ system, the economic power of the state is linked to the

haves‟
Capitalist

A _____________ system is a network of relationships through which political

parties interact and influence the political process.
Party

The _____________ Method entails a close observation of the political

phenomena under study.
Behavioral

The branch of study that investigates the laws of morality and formulates
the rule of conduct is ______________
Ethics

Since the ____________ political scientists of the Chicago University, made a

clean break with the study of philosophical, historical and institutional
approaches.
1930s

The method that seeks an explanation of what past institutions are, in order
to appreciate what they have is called ____________methodology
Historical

The Chicago school was the forerunner of what became known as the
____________revolution methods of country‟s study.
Behavioural

Political Science is a branch of _____________sciences.

Social

The study of Political Science also flourished in ancient Greece during

____and ____centuries B.C.

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4th & 5th

The behavioural school emphasizes the use of ____________and empirical

methods in political research
Scientific

Greek philosophers major preoccupation was how to create an ____________

state.
Greek

The city-state was an organized society of people living in what the Greeks
called ____________
Polis

Political ____________ provide opportunities for representation

Parties

The British constitution is often described as an _____________ constitution.

Unwritten

The Richard's constitution was enacted in_________

1946

Confederalism establishes__________
State sovereignty

The civil service is an instrument for___________

Policy implementation

A Constitution may be written and ___________

Rigid

____________ refers to the capacity to affect another person's behaviour by

some form of sanction
Power

Local Government is an institution which provides__________

Political participation

The Nigerian State was created in______

1914

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Nigeria as a political entity is a______
Nation state

_______ is the machinery for implementing government policy

Bureaucracy

The statement that the state is nothing but the instrument which the ruling
class uses to control and dominate the working class was credited to_______
Karl Marx

A leader that possesses distinct attributes extraordinary gifts or magical

powers to exercise command is known to have _____ authority
Legitimate

Fundamental Laws protects_______

The state

The modern global system came into existence in _____

1945

The recognition of the right to rule irrespective of the sanctions the ruler
may possess is known as______
Authority

The first elected government of Nigeria was headed by_______

Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa

The fundamental difference between the Nigerian State and the State of
Osun is that the latter lacks______
Sovereignty

The Vice President of Nigeria in the Second Republic was______

Dr Alex Ekwueme

David Easton defines Politics as being concerned with the ______

Allocation of values

The General Will theory of the state was popularised by_____

Jean Jaque Rousseau

The Nigeria‟s 1999 Constitution as amended recognises______ Local

Government Areas

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774

In a liberal democratic state there is the absence of______

Rule outside the constitution

Impeachment is ______
To check possible excesses of the President

The Social Contract Theory of the state is a pact between the state and the
______
People

The state is unique because it______

Represents the general will

We owe much of our knowledge of bureaucracy to______

Max Weber

Some world leaders are arraigned and prosecuted by the ICC for_______
War crimes

______ is charged with the responsibility of defending the territorial integrity

of the Nigerian federation against aggression
The Army

The Nigerian Legislature is ______

Bicamera

The US is a good example of______ democracy

Presidential

Greek political philosopher‟s major preoccupation was on_____

how to create an ideal state

An important condition of rights is_____

Law

The First amendment to the American constitution also lawfully secures

and______
freedom of speech and of peaceful assembly

The central organizing principle of the international system is______

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Sovereignty

In all forms of government what is common to them is_______

power

There are_______ aspects of liberty

Three

The interdisciplinary perspective of the behavioral approach to the study of

political science may be traced to the publication of ______
Grahan Wallas and Arthur Bentley

Professor Reniers conceptualization of history laid stress on the______ role of

history
Social

The springboard of capitalism was______

the Industrial Revolution in 18th century

A process through which citizens in any given democratic state elect their
representatives is known as_____
Electoral system

The Supremacy Clause in the judiciary is known for______

resolving inter governmental disputes

The heart of any democratic system is______

Electoral system

The doctrine of the general will was popularised by _____

J J Rousseau

In the United State of Americas Bicameral National Legislature the Senate

has______ members elected based on equality of states
100

The revisionist argument was known as the post Behavioral movement was
spear headed by ______
David Easton

Politics is therefore the constant interplay between ______ and ______

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The rulers and the ruled

The instrument by which the purpose of the state is realized is _______

Government

The British Democracy have over time transited from absolute to _______
monarchy
Constitutional

The ______method seeks an explanation of what the past institutions are

historical

Political science is a social science discipline because it deals with _______

Human beings

The wealth and power of a nation is a function of the below except

Lunatics

Which of these scholars defines politics as the “art of governing mankind by

deceiving them” _______
Isaac Disrael

A fundamental prerequisite in a democracy for the political stability of a

country is the _____
Legislature

The first political scientist known to have analyzed information

systematically was ______
Aristotle

The policy introduced by Obasanjo to curb petroleum smuggling in Nigeria

and to neighbouring countries is______
Appropriate pricing

Harold Laswell idea of politics focuses on ______

Individuals

A scientific knowledge is principally based on ______ and ______

Reason and evidence

During the Greek City state, citizenship status or rights could only be
granted by virtue of ______

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Birth

The utilitarian doctrine of ____ prescribes “the greatest happiness of the

greatest numbers” as the purpose of government
Jeremy Bentham

The method of rule of a tyrant and oligarchy leader is the use of _______
Coercion

The solution to the problem of order according to Aristotle is ______

Politics

The force theory has ______ components

2

Britain operates a ______ system of government

Federal

The following are examples of countries with rigid constitutions except

______
New Zealand

In governance, policies pursued by governments are inherently ______

Unequal

A major distinction between pressure groups and political parties is that

unlike political parties, pressure groups is not concerned with ______
power

The most popular method open to pressure groups to influence public policy
making process is ______
Lobbying

What happens when a hypothesis is accepted in the study of politics ______

A grand theory of politics is developed

Which of these scholars is the foremost exponent of legal sovereignty?

John Austin

The springboard of capitalism was _______

The Industrial Revolution in 18th century

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What is the central organizing principle of the international system ______
Sovereignty

Which of these scholars maintained that sovereignty belonged to the people

______
J. J. Rousseau

Pressure groups can be classified in ______ broad ways

Two

The second division of Political Science- political organization is otherwise

known as ______
Empirical studies

Politics, as Aristotle pointed out, is only one possible solution to the problem
of ______
Order

Which of these scholars believes that, “rebellion is a contingent obligation of

citizenship”
Harold Laski

The Supremacy Clause in the judiciary is known for ______

Resolving inter-governmental disputes

The Parliamentary system of government was first developed in ______

Britain

A fundamental prerequisite for the political stability of a country is ______

Legislature

The regime of General Sani Abacha in November 1993 succeeded the Interim
National Government led by ______
Chief Ernest Shoneka

In all forms of government ______is common to them

Power

The interdisciplinary perspective of the behavioral approach to the study of

political science may be traced to the publication of ______

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Arthur Bentley and Grahan Wallas

Arthur Bentley used a ___ approach to arrive at the new concept of “groups”
in politics?
sociological

The first Professor of Political Science in the United States was ______
Francis Lieber

The assertion that that „power corrupts and absolute power corrupts
absolutely was made by ______
John Dalberg – Acton

The city-state was an organized society of people living in what the Greeks
called ______
Polis

The concentration of political power in the hands of one visible sovereign

power implies ______
Unitarianism

The rule of one group in their own interest is known is ______

Oligarchy

Which scholar view politics as the “master science ______

Aristotle

The instrument by which the purpose of the state is realized is ______

Government

Political science is a social science discipline because it deals with ______

People

The revisionist argument known as the post behavioral movement was spear
headed by ______
David Easton

The ______ period is also referred to as the age of action and relevance of the
science of politics
Post – Behavioural

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The form of government, which is regulated by a constitution, is known as
______
Constitutional Democracy

The interdisciplinary perspective of political science may be traced to the

publication of Grahan Wallas and Arthur _______
Bentley

The type of constitutions whose laws can be changed or amended by simple

majority votes of the members of the Parliament is referred to as ______
Constitution
Flexible

The only means by which the actions of a government and its institutions
could be measured is through _____
Constitution

The fundamental norms according to which a given state is governed are

based on _______
Conventions

In situations whereby the national or central government is supreme over

other levels of government within a given state, such government is said to
be _______system
Unitary

The principle that governs a unitary constitution is ______

Unitarism

The change from absolute to Constitutional Monarchy in Britain occurred in

the year _______
1215

Politics, as Aristotle pointed out, is only one possible solution to the problem
of ______
Order

Political Science can be broadly grouped into ______divisions

Two

The first state creation in Nigeria occurred in the year _____

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1967

A central defining characteristics of all forms of government is _____

Power

The term geo-politics was coined by Alfred Thayer and Sir Halford ______
Mackinder

The emphasis of post-behaviourism is on ______

Values

Constitutionalism deals with rule of ______

Law

A charter of governance in politics is known as _____

Constitution

A country with a federal constitution is called a ______

Federation

A branch of study that investigates the laws of morality and formulates the
rule of conduct is known as _____
Ethics

In the Greek City State, citizenship status or rights could only be granted or
obtained by virtue of ______
Birth

The force theory has _____ components

Two

Which scholar position or argument of the social contract appeared in his

popular book “The Leviathan” ?
Thomas Hobbes

The Leviathan in 17th Century England was written to justify the restoration
of the _____ dynasty Stuart

The instrument of production in the capitalist epoch of development is the

______
Proletariat

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Israel was created as a state in the year ______
1948

The famous leader who used the force theory to convert Italy into a
totalitarian state is known as ______
Benito Mussolini

The collapse of feudalism, especially in Western Europe, led to the coming

up of _____
Capitalism

The theory of the origin of the state claims that in the beginning, life was not
in a state of nature, but was peaceful is known as _______
Marxian Theory

Sir Henry Maine argued vehemently that the modern State or government is
______ in nature
Patriarchal

The foundation for the survival and existence of the state is ______
Sovereignty

The ______has become the principal form of political organization among

modern people
Nation - State

The idea of sovereign state in diplomatic history had its roots with the
signing of the Treaty of ______ in 1648
Westphalia

The idea of sovereign state in diplomatic history had its roots with the
signing of the Treaty of Westphalia in______
1648

In most modern democracies, one of the principal institutions involved in

the exercise of the sovereign power of the state is the ______
Parliament

The foremost exponent of legal sovereignty is ______

John Austin

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The scholar who introduced the theory of sovereignty into the study of
political science is known as ______
Jean Bodin

A citizen unlawfully imprisoned can proceed against whoever imprisoned

him through the right of ______
Habeas Corpus

A citizen can protect his/her liberties by seeking ___ injunctions from a Law
Court; to compel a stay of action that may violate his/her rights
Interlocutory

In a monarchical system, sovereignty is located in the _______

King

Historically, the origins of human rights can be traced to the ______of

Independence of 1776
American Declaration

The facist leader who ruled Germany as a totalitarian state is called ______
Adolf Hitler

The general aim of Tyranny and Oligarchy is to coerce people for ________
Personal benefits

The study of Political Science flourished in the Ancient _____ with the
periods of 4th and 5th BC
Greece

The forerunner of what became the behavioural movement started from the
______
Chicago School

In spite of its pitfalls, what qualifies political science as a social science

discipline is its reliance on ______
Scientific method

The rule of one man in his own interest is _____

Tyranny

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