18.

5 Drawing conclusions

✦ Exercise 18.5
1 Mr Lopez makes pottery vases. He sells them on the internet. Key: 24 20 means $24.20
The stem-and-leaf diagram shows the prices of the vases he 24 20 33 79 80 90
sells in one week. 25 05 25 50 70 70 99 99
Mr Lopez makes a profit if the mean price is greater 26 40 45 60 65 90
than $25.50.
Does Mr Lopez make a profit this week?
Show your working.
2 The bar-line graphs show the number of goals scored by two hockey teams in 25 matches.
Tanesha thinks that Allerton score more goals on average than Batesfield.
a Explain how Tanesha could be right.
b Explain how Tanesha could be wrong.
Number of goals scored by Allerton Number of goals scored by Batesfield
10 15
Number of matches

Number of matches

8
10
6
4
5
2
0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
Number of goals scored Number of goals scored

3 The students in class 8P ran the school cross-country (long-distance running) course in
their PE lesson.
The frequency diagram shows the time taken by the students in class 8P to complete the course.
The PE teacher says: ‘If 60% of you finish the course in less than 15 minutes, you can all go early for
lunch.’
Do class 8P go early for lunch?
Show your working.

16 Time taken to complete course

12
Frequency

0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (minutes)

18 Interpreting and discussing results 189

 18.5 Drawing conclusions

For question 4 work in a group of three or four.

i On your own, answer each part of the question.
ii Compare your descriptions, answers and explanations with those of the other members
of your group.
Discuss the different descriptions and explanations you gave and decide which ones are best.
4 A sports shop sells the rugby shirts of two teams, Scarlets and Dragons.
The line graph shows the number of rugby shirts the shop has in stock each week
over an 8-week period.
a Describe the trend in the sales of:
i Scarlets rugby shirts
ii Dragons rugby shirts.
b Do you think that the shop has enough Scarlets rugby shirts in stock for week 9?
Explain your answer.
c Do you think that the shop has enough Dragons rugby shirts in stock for week 9?
Explain your answer.

Number of rugby shirts in stock

over an 8-week period
80
Number of rugby shirts in stock

70 Scarlets Dragons

60
50
40
30
20
10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Week number

Summary

You should now know that: You should be able to:

★ A bar chart is an example of a frequency ★ Draw and interpret bar charts for discrete and
diagram in which the bars represent discrete continuous data.
or continuous data. ★ Draw and interpret frequency diagrams for
★ In a frequency diagram, bars can represent discrete and continuous data.
discrete or continuous data. ★ Draw and interpret pie charts.
★ A pie chart is a way of displaying data to show how ★ Compare proportions in two pie charts that
an amount is divided or shared. The angles in all the represent different totals.
sectors add up to 360°.
★ Draw and interpret simple line graphs for time series.
★ A line graph is a series of points that are joined
★ Draw and interpret stem-and-leaf diagrams.
by straight lines. Line graphs are usually used to
show how data changes over a period of time. ★ Interpret tables, graphs and diagrams for discrete
and continuous data, and draw conclusions, relating
★ A stem-and-leaf diagram is a way of showing data
statistics and findings to the original question.
in order of size.

190 18 Interpreting and discussing results

 End-of-unit review

End-of-unit review Mass of items posted by an internet

20
company in one week
1 The frequency diagram shows the masses of the items
16
posted by an internet company in one week.
a Why are there no gaps between the bars of this

Frequency
12
frequency diagram?
b How many items weighed 600–800 g? 8
c What was the most common mass of items posted?
d How many more items were posted that weighed 4
0–200 g than 200–400 g?
e How many items were posted altogether?
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Mass (g)
2 The frequency table shows the number of MP3 players
Gio sold each day in his shop during one month. Number of MP3 players sold Frequency
a Draw a frequency diagram to show the data.
0–9 3
b Can you tell which month your frequency
diagram represents? Explain your answer. 10–19 5
c Gio says: ‘The frequency diagram shows that that 20–29 12
the highest number of of MP3 players sold in one 30–39 8
day was less than 50.’ 40–49 2
Is Gio correct? Explain your answer.
d Draw a pie chart to represent the data.
e On what percentage of days in the month were between 20 and 29 MP3 players sold?

3 The students in class 8T took a test. These are the results, marked out of 50.
28 12 50 28 24 39 46 27 18 50 49 28 36
45 34 43 8 28 36 37 18 39 29 38 9
a Draw an ordered stem-and-leaf diagram showing their scores out of 50.
b What percentage of the students had a score greater than 35?
c What fraction of the students had a score less than 25?
d Any student scoring less than 40% must re-sit the test.
How many students do not have to re-sit the test?
e Read what Zalika says.

I had the average score, because my

mark was 28 out of 50.

i Show that Zalika could be correct.

ii Show that Zalika could be wrong.

18 Interpreting and discussing results 191

 End-of-year review
1 Work these out.
a 7 + −3 b 7 − −5 c −7 − −7 d −7 × −3 e −70 ÷ 10
2 Work out.
3
a 144 b 64 c the highest common factor of 144 and 64.
3 Write 450 as a product of prime numbers.
4 Write down the first three terms of the sequence described.
The first term is 7; the term-to-term rule is ‘add 3’.
5 Look at the sequence of numbers.

6 12 18 24

a Write down the next number in the sequence.

b Write down the term-to-term rule.
c Write down the position-to-term rule.
6 Work out the value of the expression 2n + 1 when n = −5.
7 Write the number 10 000 000 as a power of 10.
8 Round each number to the given degree of accuracy.
a 8785 (nearest 100) b 183 890 (nearest 10 000) c 3 601 111 (nearest million)
d 17.81 (nearest whole number) e 59.52 (1 d.p.) f 7.176 (2 d.p.)
9 Work out 84 ÷ 0.2.
10 Which metric units would you use to measure:
a the length of a basketball court b the area of a label on a can of beans
c the mass of a woman d the volume of a large jug?
11 The diagram shows a man standing next to a dinosaur.
Estimate the height of the dinosaur.

12 The diagram shows a pair of parallel lines crossed by two

intersecting transversals.
a Work out the size of angle a. Give a reason for your answer. e°
b Work out the size of angle b. Give a reason for your answer. d° c °
c Work out the size of angle c. Give a reason for your answer.
d Work out the size of angle d. Give a reason for your answer. a° 100°
70° b°
e Work out the size of angle e. Give a reason for your answer

192 End-of-year review

13 Some elephants were born in captivity. They were weighed and the results, measured to the nearest
kilogram are shown.

75 101 90 82 97 79 88
92 84 94 107 89 93 80

a Copy and complete the grouped frequency table.

Mass, m (g) Tally Frequency
b How many of the elephants had a mass of more than
90 kg but not more than 100 kg? 70 < w ⭐ 80
c How many of the elephants had a mass of more 80 < w ⭐ 90
than 90 kg? 90 < w ⭐ 100
d How many of the elephants had a mass of 90 kg or less? 100 < w ⭐ 110
e Altogether, how many elephants were weighed?
Total
f Is the mass of an elephant discrete data or
continuous data?
g Is the number of elephants measured discrete data or continuous data?
14 The table shows some fractions, decimals and percentages. Copy the table and complete it.

1 4 6
Fraction 4 5 25
Decimal 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.08
Percentage 30% 64%

15 Work out these additions and subtractions.

Write each answer in its simplest form and as a mixed number where appropriate.
a 1+5 b 2−1 c 25 + 31 d 4 1 − 25
4 8 3 4 6 4 2 9
16 Work out these multiplications and divisions.
Write each answer in its simplest form and as a mixed number where appropriate.
a 1×1 b 1÷ 2 c 5 ×9 d 9÷ 5
3 7 4 5 8 8
17 These two triangles are congruent. B E
80 °
14.2 cm 8.4 cm

67 ° 33 °
A C D F
15.2 cm
a What is the length of the side: i EF ii BC iii DF?
b What is the size of i ∠ ACB ii ∠ DEF iii ∠ BAC?
18 Draw a sketch of the net of this triangular prism.

19 Simplify these expressions.

a 3a + 7b + 5a – 2b b 3x2 + 7y + 9 − x2 + 5y

End-of-year review 193

 20 Expand and simplify 6(3w + 1) − 4(w + 5).
21 Work out the values of x and y in this diagram. 3x + 3
All measurements are in centimetres.
3y – 6 y + 21

15

22 This frequency table shows the times 40 people waited to be served in a café.
Time (minutes) 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Frequency 6 13 7 3 6 0 5

a Work out the modal waiting time. b Work out the median waiting time.
c Work out the mean waiting time. d Find the range of the waiting times.
23 The table shows how many people went to a cinema on two days.
Adults Children Total
Monday 120 180 300
Tuesday 140 135 275

a What percentage of the audience on Monday were adults?

b Work out the percentage decrease in the number of children who went to the cinema
on Tuesday compared to the number who went on Monday.
24 Draw an arc with a radius of 6 cm and a centre angle of 40°.
25 Using only a ruler and compasses, make an accurate copy of this triangle. y
Show your construction lines. 10
8 cm
9
8
5 cm 7
26 Copy these axes and use your grid to draw the graph of y = 3x − 2. 6
5
4
3
2
1

–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 x
–1
–2
–3
–4
27 Share $180 in the ratio 2 : 3 : 4. –5
–6
28 Jamilia throws an 8-sided dice, labelled 1 to 8. –7
a What is the probability that the dice shows a 2? –8
b What is the probability that the dice does not show a 6? –9
c The dice is thrown 50 times and lands on an odd number 28 times. –10
Work out the experimental probability of getting an even number.

194 End-of-year review

29 The diagram shows a triangle A. Make three copies of the diagram. y
6
Use a different copy of the diagram for each part of the question.
5
a Draw the image of A after translation 3 squares right A
4
and 2 squares down. Label the image B.
3
b Draw the image of A after rotation of 90° clockwise, centre (3, 3).
2
Label the image C.
1
c Draw the image of A after reflection in the line y = 3, followed by a 0
reflection in the line x = 4. Label the image D. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x

30 Zahir is driving from his home in Dhaka to his sister’s

house in Mymensingh. Mymensingh 300
250

Distance from
Anika is driving from her home in Mymensingh

Dhaka (km)
to her brother’s house in Dhaka. 200
Mawna
a How long did Zahir take to get to Mawna?
100
b How long did Zahir stop at Mawna?
50
c How long did Anika take to get to from Mymensingh
Dhaka 0
to Dhaka? 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
d How far were the cars from Dhaka when they passed Time (hours)
one another?
e How can you tell from Zahir’s graph that he drove
faster before his stop than after?
31 A circle has a radius of 4 cm.
Work out 4 cm
a the circumference b the area.

32 The diagram shows a cuboid.

a Work out the volume.
4 cm
b Sketch a net of the cuboid. 5 cm
c Use the net to work out the surface area of the cuboid. 10 cm
33 The students in class 8Z took a test. These are the results. The maximum
score was 40.
23 38 33 32 40 15 26 9
28 40 33 11 21 23 33

a Draw an ordered stem-and-leaf diagram showing their scores out of 40.

b How many of the students had a score greater than 25?
c What fraction of the students had a score less than 25%?
d Any student scoring less than 30% must re-sit the test.
How many students do not have to re-sit the test?
e Sami says: ‘I had the average score of 33 out of 40.’
i Show that Sami could be correct. ii Show that Sami could be wrong.

End-of-year review 195