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Light - Refraction notes

The document provides notes on the topic of light refraction, explaining how light bends when passing between different media and introducing Snell's law. It covers concepts such as refractive index, types of lenses, and image formation rules for convex and concave lenses. Additionally, it discusses the power of lenses and magnification, defining key terms and formulas related to these concepts.

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9 views

Light - Refraction notes

The document provides notes on the topic of light refraction, explaining how light bends when passing between different media and introducing Snell's law. It covers concepts such as refractive index, types of lenses, and image formation rules for convex and concave lenses. Additionally, it discusses the power of lenses and magnification, defining key terms and formulas related to these concepts.

Uploaded by

akshith7833
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHYSICS

Grade 10

LIGHT – REFRACTION- NOTES

Refraction When light passes from a denser to a rarer


Change in the path of light while travelling from medium, it gets deflected away from the
one medium to other causes a change in the normal and in this case the angle of refraction
speed of light and is called refraction. is greater than the angle of incidence.
(OR) The bending of light ray when it passes When it passes from rarer to denser, it moves
from one medium to another is called refraction. towards normal and in this case the angle of
refraction is less than the angle of incidence.
Refraction of light through a rectangular
glass slab Law of Refraction
 Incident ray, normal ray and the refracted ray all
lie in the same plane.
 The ratio of sine of angle of incidence to the
sine of the angle of refraction is always constant
for a particular pair of media.
i.e.: sin i/sin r = constant (Snell’s law)

Refractive Index

It represents the amount or extent of bending of


light when it passes from one medium to
another.

Incident Ray: The ray that strikes the surface. It is the ratio of speed of light in two mediums.
Point of Incidence: Point where the incident There are two types of refractive index
ray strikes the surface.
Refracted Ray: The ray that changes its path  Relative refractive index :
when it travels from one medium to another.
Normal Ray: The perpendicular drawn to the Refractive index of a medium with respect to
point of incidence. other medium is called Relative Refractive
Index.
Angle of Incidence: Angle between incident
ray and the normal ray. Refractive index of medium 1 with respect to
Angle of Refraction: Angle between refracted medium 2
ray and the normal ray.
Emergent Ray: The ray that passes through a
certain media and then returns to its original
media is known as the emergent ray.
Angle of Emergence: The angle between a  Absolute refractive index :
normal ray and an emergent ray is known as
Refractive index of medium with respect to
angle of emergence.
air or vacuum is called Absolute Refractive
Lateral displacement: The perpendicular shift Index.
in the path of incident ray when it travels Absolute refractive index of medium (m)
through a certain medium and then returns to its
original medium.
For refraction of light through a rectangular
glass slab, the emergent ray is parallel to the
extended incident ray. Lens

The transparent refracting medium bounded by


two surfaces in which at least one surface is
curved is called lens.
Lenses are mainly two types: Convex lens and
Concave lens.

Optical Centre: The central point of lens is its Image formation by convex lens
optical centre (O). A ray of light, when passes
through 'O' it remains undeviated i.e. it goes
straight.

Center of Curvature: The centers of two


spheres, of which lens is part is called the centre
of curvature.

Radius of Curvature: The radius of sphere, of


which lens is part is called radius of curvature.

Principal axis: Imaginary straight line passing


through the two centers of curvature

Aperture: The effective diameter of the circular


outline of a spherical lens.

Principal Focus: Beam of light parallel to


principal axis, after refraction, converge to the
point (convex lens)or appear to diverge from a
point (concave lens) on the principal axis is
known as Principal focus (F).

The distance of the principal focus from the


optical centre of a lens is called its focal length
(f)

Rules for image formation for lenses

1. After refraction, a ray parallel to principal


axis will pass through F (convex lens) or appear
to pass through F (concave lens).

2. A ray passes through F, after refraction will


emerge parallel to principal axis

3. A ray passing through the optical center O,


passes without any deviation.
Lens formula

Magnification

It is defined as the ratio of the height of image


to the height of object.

m=hi/ho

Also, m=v/u

If magnification

m> 1,then image is magnified

m = 1,image is of same size

m< 1, image is diminished

Image formation by concave lens

Power of Lens

The degree of convergence or divergence of


light rays achieved by a lens is known as power
of a lens. It is defined as the reciprocal of its
focal length Represented by P.

Where f is taken in meters (m).

SI unit of power of a lens is “diopter” denoted


by ‘D’

Power of convex lens is always +ve.

Power of concave lens is always –ve.

1 diopter or 1 D - It is the power of lens whose


focal length is 1 m.

If any optical instrument has many lenses, then


net power will be

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