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Chapter 02 The Market System and the Circular Flow Answer Key

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of a command system?

A. private ownership of all capital

B. central planning
C. heavy reliance on markets
D. widespread dispersion of economic power

2. Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of laissez-faire capitalism?

A. public ownership of all capital

B. central planning
C. minimal government intervention
D. a circular flow of goods, resources, and money

3. Examples of command economies are

A. the United States and Japan.

B. Sweden and Norway.
C. Mexico and Brazil.
D. Cuba and North Korea.

4. Of the following countries, which one best exhibits the characteristics of a market economy?

2-1
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
 A. Canada
B. Cuba
C. North Korea
D. Belarus

5. The French term "laissez-faire" means

A. "there is no free lunch."

B. "let it be."
C. "circular flow."
D. "public ownership."

6. An economic system

A. requires a grouping of private markets linked to oneanother.

B. is a particular set of institutional arrangements and a coordinating mechanism used to respond to the economizing
problem.
C. requires some sort of centralized authority (such as government) to coordinate economic activity.
D. is a plan or scheme that allows a firm to make money at some other firm's expense.

7. The term "laissez-faire" suggests that

A. land and other natural resources should be privately owned, but capital should be publicly owned.
B. land and other natural resources should be publicly owned, but capital should be privately owned.
C. government should not interfere with the operation of the economy.
D. government action is absolutely necessary if the economy is to achieve full employment and full production.

2-2
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
8. Economic systems differ according to which two main characteristics?

A. who owns the factors of production and the methods used to coordinate economic activity
B. the technology used in production and the quantity and quality of natural resources
C. how goods are produced and who gets them
D. the political system in place and the degree of scarcity facing the economy
9. Command systems are also known as

A. market systems.
B. pure capitalism.
C. laissez-faire capitalism.
D. communism.

10. Which of the following is not a typical characteristic of a market system?

A. private property
B. freedom of enterprise
C. government ownership of most property resources
D. competition in product and resource markets

11. Property rights are important because they

A. ensure an equal distribution of income.

B. encourage cooperation by improving the chances of mutually agreeable transactions.
C. guarantee that any exchange will make all parties better off than prior to the exchange.
D. allow the government to control how resources are allocated.

12. Private property

A. discourages cooperation because people don't want to part with what they own.
B. discourages innovation, as people are often afraid to risk losing their own property.
C. encourages owners to maintain or improve their property so as to preserve or enhance value.
D. does everything indicated by the other answers.

13. Copyrights and trademarks are examples of

A. capital goods. B.
humancapital. C.
property rights. D.
public goods.

14. Freedom of enterprise

A. is a characteristic that is common to most economic systems.

B. in a market system means that entrepreneurs can obtain and use economic resources without any legal restraint.
C. allows businesses, within broad limits, to choose what goods to produce.
D. refers primarily to the right of consumers to purchase what they want.

15. The main mechanism that regulates the market system is

2-3
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
 A. self-interest.
B. private property.
C. competition.
D. freedom of enterprise and choice.

16. Broadly defined, competition involves

A. private property and freedom of expression.

B. independently acting buyers and sellers and freedom to enter or leave markets.
C. increasing opportunity costs and diminishing marginal utility.
D. capital goods and division of labor

17. Competition means that

A. sellers can manipulate market price by causing product scarcities.

B. there are independently acting buyers and sellers in each market.
C. a product can be purchased at a number of different prices.
D. there is more than one seller in a market.

18. The division of labor means that

A. labor markets are geographically segmented.

B. unskilled workers outnumber skilled workers.
C. workers specialize in various production tasks.
D. each worker performs a large number of tasks.

19. Specialization—the division of labor—enhances productivity and efficiency by

A. allowing workers to take advantage of existing differences in their abilities and skills.
B. avoiding the time loss involved in shifting from one production task to another.
C. allowing workers to develop skills by working on one, or a limited number, of tasks.
D. all of the means identified in the other answers.

20. Specialization in production is economically beneficial primarily because it

A. allows everyone to have a job that he or she likes.

B. permits the production of a larger output with fixed amounts of resources.
C. facilitates trade by bartering.
D. guarantees full employment.

21.

On the basis of the information, it can be said that

A. no coincidence of wants exists between any two states.

B. a coincidence of wants exists between Michigan and Washington.
2-4
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
 C. a coincidence of wants exists between Texas and Washington.
D. a coincidence of wants exists between Michigan and Texas.

22.

On the basis of the information, and assuming trade occurs between the three states, we can expect

A. Washington to exchange apples with Texas and receive money in return.

B. Washington to exchange apples with Michigan and receive money in return.
C. Texas to exchange lettuce with Michigan and receive autos in return.
D. Texas to trade lettuce directly for Washington apples.

23. Barter

A. is the major means of exchange in centrally planned economies.

B. accounts for over 30 percent of the dollar volume of all exchange in the U.S. economy.
C. entails the exchange of goods for goods.
D. is used to circumvent the problem of a lack of coincidence of wants among potential buyers and sellers.

24. Which of the following characteristics is least unique to a market system?

A. private ownership of property resources

B. competition among buyers and sellers pursuing monetary returns
C. the widespread use of money
D. freedom of enterprise and choice

25. Which of the following is one of the Five Fundamental Questions?

A. Which products will be in scarce supply and which in excess supply?

B. Who should appoint the head of the central bank?
C. How much should society save?
D. What goods and services will be produced?

26. If competitive industry Z is making substantial economic profit, output will

A. fall in industry Z and firms will likely leave the market.

B. fall in all industries except industry Z.
C. expand in industry Z, as more resources will move to that industry.
D. expand in industry Z, but no new firms will enter the market.

27. From society's point of view, the economic function of profits and losses is to
2-5
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
 A. promote the equal distribution of real assets and wealth.
B. achieve full employment and price level stability.
C. contribute to a more equal distribution of income.
D. reallocate resources from less-desired to more-desired uses.

28. In a market economy, a significant change in consumers' desire for product X will

A. alter the profits or losses received by suppliers of product X.

B. cause a reallocation of scarce resources.
C. cause some industries to expand and others to contract.
D. do all of the things mentioned in the other answers.

29. Economic profits in an industry suggest the industry

A. can earn more profits by increasing product price.

B. should be larger to better satisfy consumers' desire for the product.
C. has excess production capacity.
D. is the size that consumers want it to be.

30. Economic profits and losses

A. are both considered by economists to be a part of production costs.

B. are essential to the reallocation of resources from less desired to more desired goods.
C. have no influence on the composition of domestic output.
D. equalize the distribution of income in the long run.

31. If consumer desire for product X increases, all of the following will occur except

A. an increase in the profits of industry X.

B. an increase in the quantity of resources employed by industry X.
C. an increase in the output of industry X.
D. a decrease in the quantity of resources employed in industry X.

32. An increase in consumer desire for strawberries is most likely to

A. increase the number of strawberry pickers needed by farmers.
B. reduce the supply of strawberries.
C. reduce the number of people willing to pick strawberries.
D. reduce the need for strawberry pickers.

33. If competitive industry Y is incurring substantial losses, output will

A. expand as resources move toward industry Y.

B. contract as resources move toward industry Y.
C. contract as resources move away from industry Y.
D. expand as resources move away from industry Y.

34. The economic functionof profits and losses is to

A. bring about a more equal distribution of income.

B. signal that resources should be reallocated.
C. eliminate small firms and reduce competition.
D. tell government which industries need to be subsidized.
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35. If a competitive industry is neither expanding nor contracting, we would expect

A. total revenue to be zero.

B. economic profits to be zero.
C. total opportunity cost to be zero.
D. more resources to flow to that industry.

36. The competitive market system

A. encourages innovation because government provides tax breaks and subsidies to those who develop new products or new
productive techniques.
B. discourages innovation because it is difficult to acquire additional capital in the form of new machinery and equipment.
C. discourages innovation because firms want to get all the profits possible from existing machinery and equipment.
D. encourages innovation because successful innovators are rewarded with economic profits.

37. In a market economy, the distribution of output will be determined primarily by

A. consumer needs and preferences.

B. the quantities and prices of the resources that households supply.
C. government regulations that provide a minimum income for all.
D. a social consensus as to which distribution of income is most equitable.

38. The most efficient combination of resources in producing a given output is the combination that

A. comes closest to using the same quantities of land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurial ability.
B. minimizes the cost per unit of output.
C. uses the smallest total quantity of all resources.
D. conserves most on the use of labor.

39. Firms are motivated to minimize production costs because

A. it is the most environmentally friendly way to produce goods.

B. least-cost production techniques use the smallest total quantity of resources.
C. competitive pressures in the market will drive out higher-cost producers.
D. the government provides tax credits and subsidies to low-cost producers.

40.

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Answer the question using the following data, which show all available techniques for producing 20 units of a particular
commodity

Possible
product
Resource Resourc ion
e Techni
price ques
s # # # # #

Land $4 2 4 2 4 4
Labor 3 1 2 4 1 3
Capital 3 5 2 3 1 2
Entrepreneu 2 3 1 1 4 1
rial
Ability

In view of the indicated resource prices, the economically most efficient production
technique(s) is (are) technique(s)

A. 1.
B. 2 and 4.
C. 3.
D. 1 and 3.

41.

Answer:the question using the following data, which show all available techniques for producing 20 units of a particular commodity

Possible
product
Resource Resour ion
ce Techni
pric ques
es # # # # #

Land $4 2 4 2 4 4
Labor 3 1 2 4 1 3
Capital 3 5 2 3 1 2
Entrepreneur 2 3 1 1 4 1
ial Ability

Assuming that the firm is motivated by self-interest and that the 20 units that can be produced with each technique can be sold for $2
per unit, the firm will

A. realize an economic profit of $10.

B. realize an economic profit of $4.
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 C. not earn any economic profit.
D. shut down rather than incur a loss by producing.

42.

Answer the question using the following data, which show all available techniques for producing 20 units of a particular commodity

Possible
product
Resource Resour ion
ce Techni
pric ques
es # # # # #

Land $4 2 4 2 4 4
Labor 3 1 2 4 1 3
Capital 3 5 2 3 1 2
Entrepreneu 2 3 1 1 4 1
rial
Ability

If a new production technique is developed that enables a firm to produce 20 units of output with 3 units of land, 3 of
labor, 1 of capital, and 2 of entrepreneurial ability, this technique would

A. not be adopted because, although it reduces production costs, it does not increase profit.
B. be adopted because it would lower production costs and increase economic profit.
C. not be adopted because it entails higher production costs than other available techniques.
D. be adopted, even though economic profits would be reduced slightly.

43.

Answer the question on the basis of the following information: Suppose 30 units of product A can be produced by employing just labor
and capital in the four ways shown below. Assume the prices of labor and capital are $2 and $3, respectively.

Production
Techniqu
es:
I II III I

Labor 4 3 2 5
Capit 2 3 5
al 1

Which technique is economically most efficient in producing A?

A. I
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B. II
C. III
D. IV

44.

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 Answer the question on the basis of the following information: Suppose 30 units of product A can be produced by employing
just labor and capital in the four ways shown below. Assume the prices of labor and capital are $2 and $3, respectively.

Production
Techniqu
es:
I II III I

Labo 4 3 2 5
r
Capit 2 3 5
al 1

If the price of product A is $0.50, the firm will realize

A. an economic profit of $4.

B. an economic profit of $2.
C. an economic profit of $6.
D. a loss of $3.

45. In a competitive market economy, firms select the least-cost production technique because

A. such choices will result in full employment of available resources.

B. to do so will maximize the firms' profits.
C. this will prevent new firms from entering the industry.
D. "dollar voting" by consumers mandates such a choice.

46. The market system's answer to the fundamental question "How will the goods and services be produced?" is essentially

A. "With as much machinery as possible."

B. "Using the latest technology."
C. "By exploiting labor."
D. "In ways that minimize the cost per unit of output."

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47. The market system's answer to the fundamental question "How will the system accommodate change?" is essentially

A. "Through government leadership and direction."

B. "Through the guiding function of prices and the incentive function of profits."
C. "Through training and retraining programs."
D. "Through trial and error."

48. The market system's answer to the fundamental question "How will the system promote progress?" is essentially

A. "Through government-funded research programs."

B. "Through redistribution of income to promote greater equality."
C. "Through training and retraining programs."
D. "Through the profit potential that encourages development of new technology."

49. "Consumer sovereignty" refers to the

A. fact that resource prices are higher than product prices in capitalistic economies.
B. idea that the pursuit of self-interest is in the public interest.
C. idea that the decisions of producers must ultimately conform to consumer demands.
D. fact that a federal agency exists to protect consumers from harmful and defective products.

50. The dollar votes of consumers ultimately determine the composition of output and the allocation of resources in a market
economy. This statement best describes the conceptof

A. derived demand.
B. consumer sovereignty.
C. the invisible hand.
D. market failure.

51. "Consumer sovereignty" means that

A. buyers can dictate the prices at which goods and services will be offered.
B. advertising is ineffective because consumers already know what they want.
C. buyers control the quality of goods and services through regulatory agencies.
D. buyers determine what will be produced based on their "dollar votes" for the goods and services offered by sellers.

52. The invisible hand refers to the

A. fact that the U.S. tax system redistributes income from rich to poor.
B. notion that, under competition, decisions motivated by self-interest promote the social interest.
C. tendency of monopolistic sellers to raise prices above competitive levels.
D. fact that government controls the functioning of the market system.
53. The invisible hand concept suggests that

A. market failures imply the need for a national economic plan.

B. big businesses are inherently more efficient than small businesses.
C. the competitiveness of a capitalistic market economy invariably diminishes over time.
D. assuming competition, private and public interests will coincide.

54. The market system

A. produces considerable inefficiency in the use of scarce resources.

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 B. effectively harnesses the incentives of workers and entrepreneurs.
C. is not consistent with freedom of choice in the long run.
D. has slowly lost ground to emerging command systems.
55. According to the concept of the "invisible hand," if Susie opens and operates a profitable childcare center, then

A. government should regulate the business to ensure quality.

B. the profit Susie earns indicates that she is overcharging for her services.
C. she has served society's interests by providing a desired good or service.
D. this demonstrates that consumer sovereignty is not present in this market.

56. "Under central planning, some group has to decide how to get the necessary inputs produced in the right amounts and
delivered to the right places at the right time. This is a nearly impossible task without markets and profits." This quotation best
identifies the

A. incentive problem under central planning.

B. coordination problem under central planning.
C. self-sufficiency dilemma under communism.
D. resource overcommitment problem under communism.

57. "Because the outputs of many industries are the inputs to other industries, the failure of any single industry to fulfil the output
quantities specified in the central plan caused a chain reaction of adverse repercussions on production." This quotation best
identifies the

A. incentive problem under central planning.

B. self-sufficiency dilemma under communism.
C. resource overcommitment problem under communism.
D. coordination problem under central planning.

58. The incentive problem under communist central planning refers to the idea that

A. planners had to direct required inputs to each enterprise.

B. workers, managers, and entrepreneurs could not personally gain by responding to shortages or surpluses or by introducing
new and improved products.
C. the immediate effect of more investment was less consumption.
D. exports hadto be equal to imports for a central plan to work.

59. Suppose that an individual sees a tremendous opportunity to produce and sell a new product but dismisses the idea because there is no
way to exploit this opportunity for personal gain. This situation best identifies the

A. coordination problem under communist central planning.

B. self-sufficiency dilemma under communism.
C. asymmetric information problem under communism.
D. incentive problem under communist central planning.
60. Innovation lagged in the centrally planned economies because

A. there was too much domestic business competition.

B. there was too much competition from foreign firms.
C. enterprises resisted innovation in fear that their production targets would be raised.
D. exports had to equal imports for the plan towork.

61. If products were in short or surplus supply in the Soviet Union,

A. price and profit signals eliminated those shortages and surpluses.

B. price and profit signals intensified those shortages and surpluses.
C. producers would not react because no price or profit signals occurred.
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 D. the planners would immediately adjust production to achieve equilibrium.

62. In what type of business do the owners bear no personal financial responsibility for the company's debts and obligations?

A. partnerships
B. corporations
C. sole proprietorships
D. in all of the businesses listed in the other answers

63. The simple circular flow model shows that

A. households are on the buying side of both product and resource markets.
B. businesses are on the selling side of both product and resource markets.
C. households are on the selling side of the resource market and on the buying side of the product market.
D. businesses are on the buying side of the product market and on the selling side of the resource market.

64. The two basic markets shown by the simple circular flow model are

A. capital goods and consumer goods.

B. competitive and regulated.
C. product and resource.
D. household and business

65. In the resource market,

A. businesses borrow financial capital from households.

B. businesses sell services to households.
C. households sell resources to businesses.
D. firms sell raw materials to households.

66. In the simple circular flow model,

A. households are buyers ofresources.

B. businesses are sellers of final products.
C. households are sellers of final products.
D. there are real flows of goods, services, and resources, but not money flows.

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 67.

Refer to the diagram. Flow 1 represents

A. wage, rent, interest, and profit income.

B. land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurial ability.
C. goods and services.
D. consumer expenditures.

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Title: Tony the Tramp; Or, Right is Might

Author: Jr. Horatio Alger

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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TONY THE

TRAMP; OR, RIGHT IS MIGHT ***
 THE BEST OF THE

Famous Alger Stories for Boys

A new edition, five by seven inches, from new plates, with new
illustrations. Bound in cloth, and stamped in colors on the front
cover in several designs.
DISTINCTIVELY GOOD LOOKING VOLUMES. THE LOWEST
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WAYS THAN SOME OF THE HIGHER PRICED EDITIONS
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 THE NEW YORK BOOK COMPANY
147 Fourth Avenue New York, N. Y.
“Tony the Tramp, now the Hon.
Anthony
Middleton of Middleton Hall.”
 TONY THE TRAMP
OR

RIGHT IS MIGHT

BY

HORATIO ALGER, Jr.

AUTHOR OF
“ONLY AN IRISH BOY,” “SLOW AND SURE,” “FACING THE WORLD,”
“JULIUS THE STREET BOY,” “TOM THE BOOTBLACK,”
“STRUGGLING UPWARD,” “BOUND TO RISE,”
“BRAVE AND BOLD,” ETC.
 NEW YORK
THE NEW YORK BOOK COMPANY
1909
 TONY THE TRAMP

CHAPTER I

TWO TRAMPS

A man and a boy were ascending a steep street in a country town in

eastern New York. The man was tall and dark-complexioned, with a
sinister look which of itself excited distrust. He wore a slouch hat,
which, coming down over his forehead, nearly concealed from view
his low, receding brow. A pair of black, piercing eyes looked out from
beneath the brim. The first impression produced upon those who
met him was that he was of gypsy blood, and the impression was a
correct one. Where he was born no one seemed to know; perhaps
he did not himself know, for all his life he had been a wanderer, but
English was the tongue which he spoke, and, apart from the gypsy
dialect, he knew no other.
His companion was a boy of fourteen. Between the two there was
not the slightest resemblance. Though browned by exposure to the
sun and the wind, it was easy to see that the boy was originally of
light complexion. His hair was chestnut and his eyes blue. His
features were regular and strikingly handsome, though owing to the
vagrant life he was compelled to lead, he was not able to pay that
attention to cleanliness which he might have done if he had had a
settled home.
It was five o’clock in the afternoon, and the boy looked weary. He
seemed scarcely able to drag one foot after the other. His companion
turned upon him roughly.
“What are you dawdling that way for, Tony?” he demanded. “You
creep like a boy of three.”
“I can’t help it, Rudolph,” said the boy wearily; “I’m tired.”
“What business have you to be tired?”
“I’ve walked far to-day.”
“You’ve walked no further than I. I don’t dawdle like you.”
“You’re a man. You’re stronger than I am, Rudolph.”
“And you’re a milksop,” said the man contemptuously.
I’m nothing of the sort,” said the boy, with a flash of spirit. “I’m not
made of cast iron, and that’s why I can’t stand walking all day long.
Besides, I have had no dinner.”
“That isn’t my fault, is it?”
“I didn’t say it was, but it makes me weak for all that.”
“Well,” said Rudolph, “perhaps you’re right. I feel like eating
something myself. We’ll go to some house and ask for supper.”
Tony looked dissatisfied.
I wish we were not obliged to beg our meals,” he said; “I don’t like
it.”
“Oh, you’re getting proud, are you?” sneered Rudolph. “If you’ve got
money to pay for your supper we won’t beg, as you call it.”
“Why can’t we do as other people do?” asked Tony.
What’s that?”
“Live somewhere, and not go tramping round the country all the
time. It would be a good deal pleasanter.”
“Not for me. I’m a vagrant by nature. I can’t be cooped up in one
place. I should die of stagnation. I come of a roving stock. My
mother and father before me were rovers, and I follow in their
steps.”
The man spoke with animation, his eye flashing as he gazed about
him, and unconsciously quickened his pace.
Then I’m not like you,” said Tony decidedly. “I don’t want to be a
tramp. Were my father and mother rovers like yours?”
“Of course they were,” answered Rudolph, but not without
hesitation. “Ain’t I your uncle?”
“I don’t know. Are you?” returned Tony searchingly.
Haven’t I told you so a hundred times?” demanded Rudolph
impatiently.
Yes,” said the boy slowly, “but there’s no likeness between us. You’re
dark and I am light.”
“That proves nothing,” said the elder tramp hastily. “Brothers are
often as unlike. Perhaps you don’t want to look upon me as a
relation?”
The boy was silent.
Are you getting ashamed of me?” demanded Rudolph, in a harsh
tone.
I am ashamed of myself,” said Tony bitterly. “I’m nothing but a
tramp, begging my bread from door to door, sleeping in barns,
outhouses, in the fields, anywhere I can. I’m as ignorant as a boy of
eight. I can just read and that’s all.”
“You know as much as I do.”
“That don’t satisfy me. When I grow up I don’t want to be—​—”
Tony hesitated.
You don’t want to be like me. Is that it?” asked Rudolph angrily.
No, I don’t want to be like you,” answered Tony boldly. “I want to
have a home, and a business, and to live like other people.”
“Humph!” muttered Rudolph, fixing his eyes thoughtfully upon his
young companion. “This is something new. You never talked like that
before.”
“But I’ve felt like that plenty of times. I’m tired of being a tramp.”
“Then you’re a fool. There’s no life so free and independent. You can
go where you please, with no one to order you here nor there, the
scene changing always, instead of being obliged to look always upon
the same people and the same fields.”
“What’s the good of it all? I’m tired of it. I’ve got no home, and
never had any.”
“You’ve got no spirit. You’re only fit for a farmboy or an apprentice.”
“I wish I was either one.”
“Sit down here if you are tired,” said the man abruptly, throwing
himself down under a wide-spreading tree by the roadside.
Tony stretched himself out at a little distance, and uttered a sigh of
relief as he found himself permitted to rest.
Have you been thinking of this long?” asked Rudolph.
Of what?”
“Of not liking to be a tramp?”
“Yes.”
“You have not spoken of it before.”
“I’ve been thinking of it more lately.”
“How did that come?”
“I’ll tell you,” said Tony. “Don’t you remember last week when we
passed by a schoolhouse? It was recess, and the boys were out at
play. While you were away a few minutes, one of the boys sat down
by me and talked. He told me what he was studying, and what he
was going to do when he got older, and then he asked me about
myself.”
“What did you tell him?”
“What did I tell him?” said Tony bitterly. “I told him that I was a
tramp, and that when I got older I should be a tramp still.”
“Well,” said Rudolph sharply, “what then?”
“The boy told me I ought to get some regular work to do, and grow
into a respectable member of society. He said that his father would
help me, he thought, and—​—” “So you want to leave me, do you?”
demanded Rudolph fiercely. “Is that what you’re coming to, my
chicken?”
“It isn’t that so much as the life you make me lead. I want to leave
that, Rudolph.”
“Well, you can’t do it,” said the man shortly.
Why not?”
“I say so, and that’s enough.”
Tony was silent for a moment. He was not greatly disappointed, for
he expected a refusal. He changed the subject.
Rudolph,” he said, “there’s something else I want to ask you about.”
“Well?”
“Who am I?”
“Who are you? A young fool,” muttered the tramp, but he appeared
a little uneasy at the question.
I want to know something about my father and mother.”
“Your mother was my sister. She died soon after you were born.”
“And my father?”
“He was put in jail for theft, and was shot in trying to make his
escape. Does that satisfy you?”
“No, it doesn’t, and what’s more, I don’t believe it,” said Tony boldly.
Look here,” said Rudolph sternly. “I’ve had enough of your insolence.
Do you see this strap?”
He produced a long leather strap, which he drew through his fingers
menacingly.
Yes, I see it.”
“You’ll feel it if you ain’t careful. Now get up. It’s time to be moving.”
 CHAPTER II

AT THE FARMHOUSE

“Where are we going to stop to-night?” asked Tony ten minutes later.
There,” answered Rudolph, pointing out a farmhouse a little to the
left.
Suppose they won’t let us.”
“They will admit us into the barn at least, if we play our cards right.
Listen to what I say. You are to be my son.”
“But I am not your son.”
“Be silent!” said the other tramp, “and don’t you dare to contradict
me. You have been sick, and are too weak to go further.”
“That is a lie, Rudolph.”
“That doesn’t matter. If they believe it, they won’t turn us away.
Perhaps they will let you sleep in the house.”
“Away from you?”
“Yes.”
Tony was puzzled. It seemed as if Rudolph wanted him to be more
comfortably provided for than himself, but the boy knew him too
well not to suspect that there was some concealed motive for this
apparent kindness.
Well, what are you thinking about?” demanded Rudolph,
suspiciously, as he observed the boy’s earnest gaze.
Why do you want me to sleep in the house?” he asked.
I will tell you. When all the family are asleep, I want you to steal
downstairs, open the back door, and let me in.”
“What for?” asked the boy, startled.
Never you mind. Do as I tell you.”
“But I don’t want to do it. You never asked me to do that before.”
“Didn’t I? Well, I had no occasion. I ask you now.”
“What are you going to do? Are you going to harm anyone?”
“No. I’ll tell you what I’m going to do, but mind you, if you breathe a
word to any being, I’ll cut your tongue out.”
Tony looked troubled, but not frightened.
Go on,” he said.
Rudolph continued in a rapid tone.
I want money to carry out a plan of importance. This farm belongs
to a farmer who is rich, and who keeps a part of his money in the
house.”
“How do you know that?”
“A friend of mine stopped there last week, and found out. He put me
on the scent. The old man keeps from two to three hundred dollars
in his desk. I must have that money.”
“I don’t want to help you in this, Rudolph,” said Tony. “I won’t betray
you, but you mustn’t compel me to be a thief.”
“I can’t get along without you, and help me you must.”
“Suppose we fail?”
“Then we must take to our legs. If we’re caught we’re both in the
same box. I don’t ask you to take any risks that I don’t run myself.”
Tony was about to remonstrate further, but it was too late. They had
already reached the farmhouse, and caught sight of the owner
standing under a tree in the front yard.
Remember!” hissed the older tramp. “Follow my lead, or I’ll beat you
till you are half dead. Good-evening, sir.”
This last was said in an humble tone to the farmer, who advanced to
the gate.
“Good-evening,” said the farmer, ingenuously.
He was a man of sixty, roughly dressed to suit his work, with grizzled
hair, a form somewhat bowed, and a face seamed with wrinkles. He
had been a hard worker, and showed abundant traces of it in his
appearance.
We are very tired and hungry, my boy and I,” whined Rudolph.
“We’ve traveled many miles since morning. Would you kindly give us
some supper and a night’s lodging?”
“My wife’ll give you something to eat,” said the old man. “Thank
Heaven! we’ve got enough for ourselves and a bit for the poor
besides. But I don’t know about lodging. I don’t like to take in
strangers that I know nothing about.”
“I don’t blame you, sir,” said Rudolph, in a tone of affected humility.
“There’s many rogues going round the country, I’ve heard, but I’m a
poor, hard-working man.”
“Then why are you not at work?”
“Times are hard, and I can get nothing to do. I am in search of
work. I can do almost anything. I’m a carpenter by trade.”
Rudolph knew no more of the carpenter’s trade than the man in the
moon, but that would do as well as any other.
“Where are you from?”
“From Buffalo,” he answered, with slight hesitation.
“Is business dull there?”
“Nothing doing.”
“Well, my friend, you haven’t come to the right place. There’s
nothing but farming done here.”
“I don’t know anything about that,” said Rudolph, hastily, for he had
no disposition to be set to work in the fields.
I don’t need any extra hands,” said the farmer.
I am glad of that,” thought the tramp.
“Go round to the back door, and I will speak to my wife about
supper,” said the old man.
Come, Tony,” said Rudolph, motioning to take the boy’s hand, but
Tony did not see fit to notice the movement, and walked in silence
by his side.
A motherly looking old woman made her appearance at the back
door.
Come in,” she said. “Come right in, and sit down to the table. Abner,
make room for the poor man and his son.”
Abner was a stalwart youth of eighteen, hard-handed and muscular.
He was the only permanent “hired man” employed on the farm. In
haying time there were others transiently employed.
A farmer’s table is plentiful, though homely. The two tramps made
an abundant meal, both doing justice to the homely fare. The
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