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SQL (Structured Query Language) is essential for managing relational databases, encompassing various components such as Data Definition Language (DDL) for creating and modifying database structures, Data Manipulation Language (DML) for managing data, and Data Control Language (DCL) for permissions. Additionally, Transaction Control Language (TCL) handles changes to data, while common SQL clauses like WHERE, ORDER BY, GROUP BY, HAVING, and JOIN facilitate data retrieval and organization. Understanding these concepts is crucial for effective database management.

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3 views

sql

SQL (Structured Query Language) is essential for managing relational databases, encompassing various components such as Data Definition Language (DDL) for creating and modifying database structures, Data Manipulation Language (DML) for managing data, and Data Control Language (DCL) for permissions. Additionally, Transaction Control Language (TCL) handles changes to data, while common SQL clauses like WHERE, ORDER BY, GROUP BY, HAVING, and JOIN facilitate data retrieval and organization. Understanding these concepts is crucial for effective database management.

Uploaded by

raineleila195
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL Basic Concepts

 SQL (Structured Query Language) is used to manage and


manipulate relational databases.
1. Data Definition Language (DDL):
 CREATE: Creates database objects like tables.
 ALTER: Modifies structure of existing tables.
 DROP: Deletes tables or other database objects.
2. Data Manipulation Language (DML):
 SELECT: Retrieves data from tables.
 INSERT: Adds new data.
 UPDATE: Modifies existing data.
 DELETE: Removes data from tables.
3. Data Control Language (DCL):
 GRANT: Gives access permissions.
 REVOKE: Withdraws access permissions.
4. Transaction Control Language (TCL):
 COMMIT: Saves changes permanently.
 ROLLBACK: Undoes changes.
 SAVEPOINT: Sets a point to rollback to.
5. Common SQL Clauses:
 WHERE: Filters data based on condition.
 ORDER BY: Sorts results (ASC/DESC).
 GROUP BY: Groups rows based on column values.
 HAVING: Filters grouped results.
 JOIN: Combines rows from multiple tables.
o INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, FULL OUTER JOIN

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