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Physics Ruless ??

The document provides a comprehensive list of fundamental physics concepts and formulas across various units, including measurements, heat, electricity, waves, and space physics. Key equations such as Newton's Second Law, Boyle's Law, and Ohm's Law are highlighted, along with definitions of energy, power, and momentum. It also includes specific constants and conversions relevant to each unit of study.

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4 views

Physics Ruless ??

The document provides a comprehensive list of fundamental physics concepts and formulas across various units, including measurements, heat, electricity, waves, and space physics. Key equations such as Newton's Second Law, Boyle's Law, and Ohm's Law are highlighted, along with definitions of energy, power, and momentum. It also includes specific constants and conversions relevant to each unit of study.

Uploaded by

omaralaa4218
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HK

LIST OF RULES
UNIT 1 : “Measurements and General Physics ”

● Density = 𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔/𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 ( 𝑲𝒈/𝒎𝟑 𝒐𝒓 𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟑)

● Average speed = 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆/𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 (m/s )

● Acceleration= 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 (𝒗−𝒖)/𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 (m/sec2)

● Slope= 𝒚𝟐−𝒚𝟏/𝒙𝟐−𝒙𝟏

● Distance-time graph : Slope = 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆/𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 = Speed

● Speed-time graph:Slope = 𝑺𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅/𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 (Acc.). Distance = Area Under the

Graph

● Newton’s Second Law: F= m x a (N)

● Weight (w) = Mass (m) x gravitational acceleration (g). (N)

● Hooke’s Law : Force (F) = Spring Constant (K) x Extension (x)

● Moment (M) = Force (F) x Distance ( Perpendicular) from the

force to the pivot (d) (N.m)

● Momentum (p) = Mass (m) x Velocity (v). ( m/s )

● Total momentum (P) = m1v1 + m2v2. ( m/s )

● Change in Momentum or Impulse (Δp) = mv – mu. Or Force (F) x

Time (T). ( N.s )

● Law of conservation of momentum :

total “P” before collision (P1) = total “P” after collision (P2)

● ~> m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2

● Gravitational Potential Energy: G.P.E= m x g x h. (J)


● Kinetic Energy: K.E. = 𝟏/𝟐 x m x v2. ( J )

● Work Done: WD = Force x Distance ( Parallel) (N.m)

● Power = 𝐄𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲/𝐓𝐢𝐦𝐞 (J/s=Watt)

● Efficiency = (𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒇𝒖𝒍 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕 / 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒊𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒕)x100 %

● Pressure = 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆/𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 (N/m2) (Pascal)

● Pressure in Liquids and gases (P) = ρ . g. h

● Total pressure on a liquid =. liquid pressure (P) +

atmospheric pressure

● Energy ~~~~> Power (•/• Time ) (J)

● Power ~~~~~> Energy ( x Time ) ( watt / W )

UNIT 2 : “Heat and States of Matter ”

● Boyle’s Law : P1 V1 = P2 V2

● Heat Capacity”C” = m x c

● Specific Heat Capacity “c”: …. ( J/Kg”c )

● ~> Q/E = m x c x ΔT. ( J )

● ~> P x T = m x c x ΔT

● ~> I x V x T = m x c x ΔT

● °C ~~~> K ( +273 )
UNIT 3 : “Electricity & Magnetism ”

● Resistance of a wire: R = 𝝆 . 𝑳 / A

● Current “I” = Q / t. (A)

● Charge “Q” = I × t. ( C )

● Volt “V” = E / Q. ( V )

● Ohm’s Law: V = I × R

● Power = ( I × V ) / ( I² × R ) / ( V² / R ) / ( E / t ). . ( W )

● E=P×t (J)

● E = I × V × t. ( J )

● Series Circuit:

•Total current: I = I₁ = I₂

•Total voltage: V = V₁ + V₂

•Total resistance: R = R₁ + R₂

● Parallel Circuit:

•Total current: I = I₁ + I₂

•Total voltage = V₁ = V₂: V

•Total resistance: R = (R₁ × R₂) / (R₁ + R₂)

● Transformers ( effecient) : N₁ / N₂ = V₁ / V₂ = I₁/ I₂

● Transformers (Power Conservation): •I₁ × V₁ = I₂ × V₂

● Power Loss in Cables: I² × R. ( W )

● 1 KWh = 3600,000 J
UNIT 4 : “Waves Physics ”

● Periodic Time (T) = Total Time / Number of cycles

● Frequency (f) = 1/T & T= 1/f. ( Hz )

● Speed “v” = Wavelength “λ” x frequency “f”.

● Refractive Index:

● n = 𝑺𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒇 𝑳𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒊𝒏 𝒎 𝟏 /𝑺𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒇 𝒍𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒊n 𝒎 𝟐 =

● 𝝀 𝒊𝒏 𝒎𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝟏 / 𝝀 𝒊𝒏 𝒎𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝟐 = 𝑺𝒊𝒏 Ɵ1 / 𝑺𝒊𝒏 Ɵ𝟐

● critical angle (c): angle in deep medium = 90°

● → n =1/𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝐂

● Speed of sound in air = 300-340 m/sec

● Speed of sound in liquids= 1200-1600 m/sec

● Speed of sound in solids = 4000 - 6000 m/sec

● Speed of light and all electromagnetic radiations in air or Vacuum = 3X𝟏𝟎𝟖m/sec

● Echo: Speed = 𝟐𝒅 / 𝑻 ( m/sec )


UNIT 6 : “Space Physics ”

● 1 light year = 9.5 × 10¹⁵ m

● Diameter of the Milky Way = 100,000 light years

● Time for sunlight to reach Earth = 8.3 minutes

● Age of the Universe = 14 billion years

● Age of the Solar System (our Sun) = 4.5 billion years

● Angle of Earth’s axis = 23.5°

● Orbital speed = (2πr) / t m/s Km/h

● Hubble’s Law: “The speed of recession of a galaxy” •H₀ = 2.2 × 10⁻¹⁸ per

second

● •v = H₀ × d

● The age of the Universe : Time = 1 / H₀

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