Name___________________________

Date____________________Pd.______

Use this review, along with all your notes and homework from Unit 2 to help you prepare for the Unit 2 test!

Solve the following equations. Leave your answers in calculator ready form if necessary.
1. 3𝑥+7 = 5𝑥−2 2. 3𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑒 = 10𝑒 3. 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑥 + 2) + 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑥 − 1) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔⁡(2𝑥 + 10)

4. 𝑙𝑛√𝑥 + 7 = 6 5. 2𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (𝑥) − 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (𝑥 + 1) = 3 6. 16𝑥 = 4𝑥−5 ∙ 23𝑥

Condense to a single logarithm.

1 1
7. 6𝑙𝑛𝑥 − ⁡2𝑙𝑛𝑥 8.
2
𝑙𝑜𝑔25 + 3𝑙𝑜𝑔2 9.
3
𝑙𝑜𝑔4 𝑝 − 5𝑙𝑜𝑔4 𝑟 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 𝑤

Expand using multiple logarithms.

6 4
√𝑚 √𝑛 𝑥2
10. 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 ( ) 11. 𝑙𝑛⁡( ) 12. 𝑙𝑜𝑔⁡(4𝑛2 𝑦)3
𝑘3 𝑎𝑏𝑐

Find the inverse of the following functions.

3𝑥+4
13. 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (𝑥 − 3) + 8 14. 𝑔(𝑥) = 15. ℎ(𝑥) = 4(3)𝑥 − 1
6

Evaluate 𝒇(𝒈(𝒙)) for the given functions.

𝑥−6
16. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 17. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 (𝑥 + 7) and 𝑔(𝑥) = 4𝑥−7
𝑥

18. The function h is defined as (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥). Use the table to evaluate ℎ(−2).
For #19-22, use the function 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 (𝒙 − 𝟏)−𝟐 to determine the following.
19. If f(x) is a transformation of the function 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑥, list the transformations done (in order).

20. Is f(x) increasing or decreasing? Justify your answer.

21. What is the concavity of f(x)? Justify your answer.

22. Use limit statements to write the end behavior of f(x).

For #23-25, use the function 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟏/𝟑 (𝒙)𝟒 + 𝟐 to determine the following.
23. If f(x) is a transformation of the function 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔1/3 𝑥, list the transformations done (in order).

24. Is f(x) increasing or decreasing? Justify your answer.

25. What is the concavity of f(x)? Justify your answer.

26. Use limit statements to write the end behavior of f(x).

Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences

27. The 7th term of an arithmetic sequence is 28. The 9th term of the sequence is 12. Calculate the common difference.
Then find the first term and the 11th term.

28. Write the equation for 𝑎𝑛 for the following sequence: 3, 7, 11, 15,… Find the value of the 10th term.

29. The 2nd term of a geometric sequence is 4. The 5th term of the sequence is 32. Find the common ratio. Then find the
first term and the 7th term.

30. Write the equation for 𝑔𝑛 for the following sequence: 80, 60, 45, 33.75,…
Residuals
31. How do you calculate a residual? 32. When looking at a residual plot, how you do you know if the
given model is appropriate?

33. Find the logarithmic regression model for the values given in the table.
Calculate the residual for the data value (7, 6.3). Does the model
represent an overestimate or an underestimate?

Semi-Log Plots
34. When looking at a set of data points plotted on a semi-log plot, name two things that must be true for the
data to represent an exponential function.

35. Given the exponential function 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 ∙ 5𝑥 , fill in the table of values for f(x). Then plot the points on the given
semi-log grid. Write the corresponding linear model that would represent these points.

𝑥 0 1 2 3 4 5
𝑓(𝑥)

Equation:

Modeling Applications
36. An automobile manufacturer is introducing a new hybrid-fuel pickup truck and estimates the demand for the vehicle
as 𝑁(𝑡) = 58,000𝑙𝑛⁡(5𝑡 + 3), where N is the estimated number of trucks to be sold and t is the number of years after
the truck is introduced. When will the demand be 250,000 trucks?

37. The amount of energy E, in ergs, that an earthquake releases is related to its Richter scale magnitude M by the
equation 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝐸 = 11.8 + 1.5𝑀. On February 5, 2023, an earthquake measuring 7.8 on the Richter scale struck
southern and central Turkey. How much energy did the earthquake release?
38. Two functions f and g are used to represent the sales of a product at a group of retail stores. Both functions represent
the sales of the product in thousands of units, after t months for 𝑡 ≥ 1. If 𝑓(𝑡) = 12 − 3.654𝑙𝑛⁡(𝑡) and
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑔(𝑡) = −2𝑡 + 16, what is the first time t that sales predicted by the logarithmic model will be 0.5 thousand units
more that the sales predicted by the linear model?

1
39. The function f is given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 ∙ 2𝑥+5 − 1. The function g is given by 𝑔(𝑥) = − 2 𝑥.
a. For what value(s) of x is 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥)? b. For what value(s) of x is 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 𝑔(𝑥)?

For problems #40 - #42, a large turkey is removed from the freezer. At that time (t=0), the temperature of the meat is
20℉. For the next 72 hours, the temperature was evaluated at the end of each hour to track the thaw rate of the
turkey. After 6 hours (𝑡 = 6), the turkey’s internal temperature was 28℉. The turkey’s internal temperature can be
modeled by the function R given by 𝑅(𝑡) = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑙𝑛(𝑡 + 1),⁡where⁡𝑅(𝑡) is the temperature, in ℉, for hour t, and t is the
number of hours since the initial temperature check.

40. Write equations that can be used to find the values of a and b.

41. Find the values of a and b.

42. Use the given data to find the average rate of change of the temperature, in ℉ per hour, from
𝑡 = 0 to 𝑡 = 6⁡hours. Express your answer as a decimal approximation. Show the computations that lead to your
answer. Interpret the meaning of your answer in the context of the problem.