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Advanced Level Examination

PHYSICS MECHANICS
hdka;% úoHdj
Unit 02
ieliqu ( iñ; r;akdhl Part VII

N%uK ^fldaKsl& p,s;h [ Rotational (angular) motion ]

O
jia;=jla ;ud u; msyá
s ,CIHhla fyda ;ud yryd hk wCIhla jgd isÿ lrk p,s;h N%uK p,s;hla f,i
ye¢kafõ'

oDV jia;= - [ Rigid objects ]

p,s;fha§ wxY=j, idfmaCI msysgqï fjkia fkdjk wdldrfha jia;=jla oDV jia;=jla f,i ye¢kafõ'

fldaKl
s úia:dmkh - [ Angular displacement ]

hï ld,hla ;=, jia;=jla isÿ l, fldaKsl úia:dmkh hkq tu ld,h ;=, jia;=j N%uKh jQ
O
fldaKhhs'

• ffoYsl tl;=j ms<sn| kHdfoaY kshuh (a + b = b + a) (commutative law of addition) ms<s 

fkdmÈk neúka fldaKsl úia:dmkh ffoYslhla f,i fkdie,fla'
t = t
• fldaKsl úia:dmkfhys SI tallh rad jk w;r Bg udk fkdue;' t=0
• oDV jia;=jla u; msysá iEu ,CIHhlau iudk ld, ;=, iudk fldaKsl úia:dmk isÿ lrhs'

fldaKsl m%fõ.h $ fldaKsl ixLHd;h - 

[ Angular velocity / Angular frequency ]

fldaKsl úia:dmkh fjkia ùfï iS>%;dj fldaKsl m%fõ.hhs'

t ld,hla ;=, fldaKsl úia:dmkfha isÿ jQ fjki  kï"

 rad
  s
t

rad s–1

•   u.ska ,efnkafka t ld,h ;=, mej;s uOHl fldaKsl m%fõ.hhs' (average angular velocity)
t

•   " t  0 u.ska hï fudfyd;l fldaKsl m%fõ.h (instantaneous angular velocity) ,efí'
t

• oDv jia;=jla u; msysá iEu ,CIHhlau iudk ld, ;=, iudk fldaKsl úia:dmk isÿ lrk neúka tu iEu
,CIHhlu fldaKsl m%fõ.h ^uOHl $ fudfyd;l& iudk fõ'

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 fldaKsl m%fõ.fhys ÈYdj - [ Direction of angular velocity ]

fldaKsl m%fõ.fhys ÈYdj iEu úgu jia;=fõ N%uK ;,hg ,ïNlj msyg
s hs' my; ±lafjk
mßÈ tys ÈYdj iqr; Ndú;fhka fiúh yelsh'
ys ÈYdj
iqrf;a uymg weÕs,a, wfkla weÕs,sj,g ,ïNlj ;nd tu weÕs,s jia;=fõ N%uK ;,h
Tiafia jia;=fõ N%uK ÈYdjg fhduq l, úg uymg weÕs,a, fhduq ù we;s ÈYdfjka iqr;
fldaKsl m%fõ.fha ÈYdj ,efí'

iam¾YSh m%fõ.h (V) yd fldaKsl m%fõ.h () w;r iïnkaOh

[ Relationship between tangential velocity and angular velocity ]
O
t fnfyúka l=vd jk úg t  0), s o l=vd jk w;r túg s pdm È. wdikak jYfhka
ir, f¾Çh hehs ie,lsh yelsh' 
s = r  u.ska
s 
s = r.  = r. , t  0 s
t t t = t
 t=0
fuys = hkq i,ld n,k fudfydf;a fldaKsl m%fõ.hhs'
t
s
= v hkq i,ld n,k fudfydf;a iam¾YSh m%fõ.hhs' ^jD;a; pdmhg we¢ iam¾Ylh Tiafia msyg
s k neúka
t
Bg iam¾YSh m%fõ.h hehs lshkq ,efí'&

V = r

• oDV jia;=jl iEu ,CIHhlu  tlu jqjo r fjkia ùu u; iam¾YSh m%fõ.h fjkia fõ'

wdj¾; ld,h (T) - [ Time period ]

N%uKh jk jia;=jg tla jghla iïmQ¾K lsÍug .; jk ld,h wdj¾; ld,h f,i ye¢kafõ'

 2
 = " tla jghloS N%uKh jk fldaKh 2  neúka  =
t T

ixLHd;h (f) - [ Frequency ]

jia;=j ;;amrhl§ N%uKh jk jg ixLHdj ixLHd;h f,i ye¢kafõ'

wdj¾; ld,hl§ (T) N%uKh jk jg .Kk = 1

1
;;amrhl§ N%uKh jk jg .Kk =
T
1
f = s
T

rev s–1
• N%uK ixLHd;h bÈßm;a lrkq ,nkafka —;;amrhg N%uK˜ (rev s–1) keue;s tallfhks'
• ñks;a;=jg N%uK .Kk (revolutions per minute - rpm) § we;s úg th 60 ka fn§fuka f ys w.h fidhd .; yelsh'
2 1
•  =   = 2  ×   = 2 f
T T

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 fldaKsl ;ajrKh () - [ Angular accelaration ]

fldaKsl m%fõ.h fjkia ùfï iS>%;dj fldaKsl ;ajrKhhs'

t ld,hla ;=, fldaKsl m%fõ.fhys isÿ jQ fjki  kï"

 rad s–1

 
t s

rad s–2

•  = u.ska t ld,h ;=, mej;s uOHl fldaKsl ;ajrKh (average angular accelaration) ,efí'
t

•  = " t  0 u.ska hï fudfyd;l fldaKsl ;ajrKh (instantaneous angular accelaration) ,efí'
t

fldaKl
s ;ajrKfhys ÈYdj - [ Direction of angular accelaration ]

 =  ys ÈYdj jkafka fldaKsl m%fõ. ffoYslh fjkia jk ÈYdjhs'
t
I wjia:dj ^jia;=fõ N%uK ;,h fjkia fkdjk úg&

   = 
t –
2  1
= t
ys ÈYdj
2  1 
t = t

II wjia:dj ^jia;=fõ N%uK ;,h fjkia jk úg&


   =
t 
 
2  1
= t

2  1  ys osYdj

= t
t

iam¾YSh ;ajrKh at [ Tangential accelaration ]

v 
V = r   v = r = r , t  0
t t
v
fuys = at hkq iam¾YSh m%fõ.h fjkia ùfï iS>%;dj fyj;a iam¾YSh ;ajrKhhs'
t

=  hkq fldaKsl ;ajrKhhs'
t
at = r 

• at hkq f¾Çh ;ajrKhla jk w;r tall ms–2 fõ'

• iam¾YSh ;ajrKhla mej;Sug fldaKsl ;ajrKhla mej;sh hq;=uh'

flakø
a dNsidß ^wÍh& ;ajrKh - ar [ Centripetal (radial) accelaration ]

v2
ar = = r 
r
• ar = v
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• fldaKsl ;ajrKhla mej;sho fkdmej;sho flakaødNsidÍ ;ajrKh mj;S' fldaKsl ;ajrKhla mj;S kï ar ys
w.h fjkia jk w;r fldaKsl ;ajrKhla fkdmj;S kï ar ys w.h ksh; fõ'

• flakaødNsidß ;ajrKho f¾Çh ;ajrKhla jk w;r tall ms–2 fõ'

N%uKh jk jia;=jla u; msysá wxY=jl iïm%hqla; f¾Çh ;ajrKh

[ Resultant linear accelaration of a particle on a rotating object ]

r a = a r2 + a t 2
a
ar ar
Tan  = at

at

N%uK p,s; iólrK [ Equations of rotational motion ]

 (t = t) o  wdrïNl fudfydf;a fldAKsl m%fõ.h

  wjidk fudfydf;a fldaKl
S m%fõ.h
    fldaKsl ;ajrKh
o   fldaKsl úiA:dmkh
(t = 0) t  .; jQ ld,h
fldaKsl m%fõ. fjki
fldaKsl ;ajrKh =
.; jQ ld,h
–
 =     + t 
t

uOHl fldaKsl m%fõ.h = A
t

;ajrKh ksh; kï wdrïNl yd wjidk fldaKsl m%fõ.j, uOHkH u.skao uOHl fldaKsl m%fõ.h ,efí'

uOHl fldaKsl m%fõ.h = B
2

A = B

 = ( 
2
)t

–
 ka "  g wdfoaYfhka"  ka" t = ,  g wdfoaYfhka"

1
  0t + t2  2  02 + 2  
2

• by; iólrK fhdok ld,h ;=, jia;=fõ fldaKsl ;ajrKh () ksh;j mej;sh hq;=h'

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 fmr¿ï p,s;h ( Rolling motion )

fmr¿ï p,s;h" W;a;drK p,s;hl;a N%uK p,s;hl;a tl;=jla f,i ie,lsh yelsh'

m%fõ.h ( Velocity )


v v1 v + v1

v1
v1 R
v v v v v
v O
v1 v1
P
v v1 ;,h v – v1
v 11
Y=oO
a W;a;drK p,s;h Y=oaO N%uK p,s;h
^f¾Çh m%fõ.h - v& fmr¿ï p,s;h
^fldaKsl m%fõ.h-  & v1 = R

• ,siaiSulska f;drj fmrf<k jia;=jl P ,CIHfha m%fõ.h" th .eà we;s ;,fha m%fõ.hgu iudk fõ'

v – v1 = v11 ;,h ksYap, kï" v – v1 = 0  v = v1

wp, ;,hla u; ,siaiSulska f;drj fmrf<k jia;j= l flakøa fha m%fõ.h u.ska Y=oaO W;a;drK p,s;hg wkqrEm
m%fõ.h ,efnk w;r flakaøfha m%fõ.h" wrfhka fn§fuka ( V/R ) Y=oaO N%uK p,s;hg wkqrEm fldaKsl m%fõ.h
,efí'
jD;a; p,s;h
;ajrKh ( Accelaration )


a at a + at
ar
at
R
a a
ar a
a ar
O

ar at
P a – at
a at
;,h a1
Y=oO
a W;a;drK p,s;h Y=oaO N%uK p,s;h
^f¾Çh ;ajrKh - a& ^fldaKsl ;ajrKh- & fmr¿ï p,s;h
at = R

• flakøa dNsidß ;ajrKh jk ar , wm i,ld n,k ixisoê

a hg n,mEula fkdlrhs' tneúka wjidk rEmfha th ,l=Kq
lr fkdue;'

• ,siaiSulska f;drj fmrf<k jia;=jl P ,CIHfha ;ajrKh" th .eà we;s ;,fha ;ajrKhgu iudk fõ'
a – at = a1
;,h ;ajrKh fkdfõ kï" a – at = 0  a = at

;ajrKh fkdjk ;,hla u; ,siaiSulska f;drj fmrf<k jia;=jl flakaøfha ;ajrKh u.ska Y=oaO W;a;drK
p,s;hg wkqrEm ;ajrKh ,efnk w;r flakaøfha ;ajrKh" wrfhka fn§fuka ( a/R ) Y=oaO N%uK p,s;hg wkqrEm
fldaKsl ;ajrKh ,efí'

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 wjiaÓ;sh [ Inertia ]

´kEu jia;j= la ish j¾;udk p,s; iajrEmh fjkia lsÍug wlue;a;la olajhs' fuu .=Kh wjiaÓ;sh f,i ye¢kafõ'
wjiaÓ;sfhys m%fNao folls'
1' f¾Çh wjiaÓ;sh ( 2' N%uK wjiaÓ;sh (
jia;=jla ish j¾;udk f¾Çh p,s; iajrEmh jia;=jla ish j¾;udk N%uK p,s; iajrEmh fjkia
fjkia lsÍug olajk wlue;a; f¾Çh wjiaÓ;sh lsÍug olajk wlue;a; N%uK wjiaÓ;sh f,i
f,i y÷kajk w;r th m%udKd;aulj ukskq ye¢kafjk w;r th m%udKd;aulj ukskq ,nkafka
,nkafka wjiaÓ;s ialkaOh u.sks' wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh u.sks'

wxY=jl wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh - I [ Moment of inertia of a particle ] m

N%uK wCIhla jgd wxY=jl wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh w¾: olajd we;af;a wxY=j i;= ialkaOfha;a" r
wxY=fõ isg N%uK wCIhg we;s ,ïn ÿfrys j¾.fha;a .=Ks;h f,ih'

• wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh wÈY rdYshla jk w;r tys udk ML2 fõ' I = m r2

kg m2 kg m2
wxY= moaO;shl wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh
[ Moment of inertia of a system of particles ]
m1
N%uK wCIhla jgd wxY= moaO;shl wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh ,nd .ekSu i|yd tla tla wxY=j
fjk fjku tu wCIh jgd ìys lrk wjiaÓ;s >Q¾K fidhd tajdfha tl;=j .; hq;=h' r1
m3
r2
I = m1r12 + m2r22 +m3r32 + – – – – r3
m2
2
I = mr

• wxY= moaO;shl wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh

i. wxY=j, ialkaOh u; yd
ii. N%uK wCIfha isg wxY=j,g we;s ÿr ^wxY= jHdma;sh& u; r|d mj;S'

jia;= lsysmhl wjiaÓ;s >Q¾K (Moment of inertia of several objects)

1' ialkaOh m yd wrh r jQ ;=kS jD;a;dldr j<,a,l flakaøh yryd hk I = mr2

ish ;,hg ,ïnl wCIhla jgd wjiaÓ;s >q¾Kh I kï

2' ialkaOh m yd wrh r jQ ;=kS l=yr is,skv

a rhl ^jl% mDIaGh muKs& wCIh
jgd wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh I kï
I = mr2

3' ialkaOh m yd È. l jQ taldldr iDcq oKavl tla fl<jrla yryd hk 1

I= m l2
oKafâ È.g ,ïnl wCIhla jgd wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh I kï 3

4' ialkaOh m yd È. l jQ taldldr iDcq oKavl flakøa h yryd hk oKafâ È.g 1

I= m l2
,ïnl wCIhla jgd wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh I kï" 12

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5' ialkaOh m yd wrh r jQ taldldr jD;a;dldr ;eáhl flakaøh yryd hk
1
;eáfha ;,hg ,ïnl wCIhla jgd" wjiaÓ;s >q¾Kh I kï" I = 2 mr2

6' ialkaOh m yd wrh r jQ taldldr >k is,skv

a rhl wCIh jgd wjiaÓ;s
>Q¾Kh I kï" 1
I= mr2
2

7' ialkaOh m yd wrh r jQ taldldr l=yr f.da,hl úIalïNhla jgd wjiaÓ;s

>Q¾Kh I kï" 2
I= mr2
3

8' ialkaOh m yd wrh r jQ taldldr >k f.da,hl úIalïNhla jgd wjiaÓ;s

>Q¾Kh I kï" 2
I= mr2
5

wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kfha m%dfhda.l

s fh§ï (Applications of moment of inertia)

1' fudag¾ r: tkaðul cj frdao fh§u

fuu frdao ;kd we;af;a ^frdaofha ialkaOh th lrlefjk wCIfhka yels ;rï wE;aj flakaø.; fldg& wjiaÓ;s
>Q¾Kh jeä jk mßÈh' msiagk l%shdldÍ;ajfhka WmÈk cjh m<uqj fuu cj frdao j,g ,nd§ tajd N%uKh
flf¾' wjiAÓ;s >Q¾Kh jeä neúka wdrïNfha§ l/lùu wmyiq jqjo l/ljQ miq kj;ajd .ekSuo wmyiq fõ'
msig
a k uÕska cjh kQmojk ld,dka;r ;=,§ o tu frdao uÕska r:fha p,s;hg wjYH cjh ,ndfok neúka p,s;h
iqugj yd wLKavj mj;ajd .; yels fõ'

2' we;eï fi,a,ï jdykj, we;=<; ;rula f,dl= frdaohla fh§u

m<uqj r:h ìu w;=,a,d tu frdaohg N%uK pd,l Yla;shla ,nd foa' frdaofha wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh jeä neúka ta ;=<
.nvd jk N%uK pd,l Yla;sho jeäh' r:h uqod y, úg frdaoj, we;s N%uK pd,l Yla;sh" r:fha W;a;drK
pd,l Yla;hs njg mßj¾;khfõ'

3' i¾lia ixo¾Ykj,§ ;ka;=jla u; .uka lrk mqoa.,fhl= È.= ßgla ±Íu
fuu ßfgys ialkaOfhka jeä fldgila fofl<jr flakaø.; fldg we;' tneúka ;ka;=j jgd ixo¾Yklref.a
wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh tuÕska jeä flf¾' túg N%uKh g we;s úfrdAOh jeä neúka ixo¾Yklreg ;ka;=j u; ish
iu;=,s;;dj /l .ekSu myiq fõ'

4' taoKavla jeks ia:dkhlska .uka lsÍfï§ ±;a fomig úysoùu

óg wod< meyeÈ,s lsÍuo 3 jk ixisoaêh mßÈu fõ'

5' j÷rka yd f,akk

q a jeks i;=kag È.= j,s.hla ;sîu'
j,s.h yeisrùu uÕska N%uK wCIhla jgd wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh jeä l, yelsh' fuuÕska by< ia:dkfha§ ish
iu;=,s;;dj /l .ekSug tu i;=kag jeä yelshdjla ,efí'

6' t,af,a ms;a;l fnda,h jÈk fl<jrg je,s jeks fohla oud nr jeä lsÍu
fuuÕska ms;af;a wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh jeä flf¾' túg p,kh jk ms;a; i;== N%uK pd,l Yla;sh by< hhs' ms;af;a
jÈk fnda,hg fuuÕska jeä W;a;drK pd,l Yla;h s la iïfm%aIKh l< yelsh'

7' flá ÿr Odjlhka yels ;rï ish m;=,a oKysia olajd yl=¿jd .ekSu
fuuÕska l<jh jgd wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh wvq lr .kakd l%svlhdg kej; ish mh b;d blaukska Odjk m:h fj;
f.k taug wjia:dj ie,fia'

8' fõ.fhka ÿjk i;=kaf.a md fl<jr jkakg isyska njla ±laùu

fuu.ska N%uK wCIh jgd mdoj, wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh wvq lr .ekSfï yelshdjla ,efí'

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 fldaKsl .uH;dj - L [ Angular momentum ]
O
hï wCIhla jgd N%uKh jk wxY=jl fldaKsl .uH;dj w¾: olajd we;af;a f¾Çh .uH;djfha
N%uK wCIh jgd >Q¾Kh f,ih'

P = mv
V
m
L = P×r  L = mv × r
tfy;a V = r
L = mr × r = m r2
fuys m r2 = I hkq N%uK wCIh jgd wxY=fõ wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Khhs'
L = I

• fldaKsl .uH;djfha tall kgm2 s–1 (kgm2 rad s–1) jk w;r tys udk (ML2 T–1) fõ'

• fldaKsl .uH;dj ffoYsl rdYshla jk w;r tys ÈYdj fldaKsl m%fõ.fha ÈYdjhs'
^fldaKsl m%fõ.fha ÈYdj iqr;a kshufhka ,efí'&

fldaKsl .uH;dj fjkia ùfï iS>%;dj

[ Rate of change of angular momentum ]
L P
L = P×r  L = P × r  t = ×r
t
P
ksõgkaf.a fojk kshuhg wkqj = F hkq ndysr wiu;=,s; n,hhs'
t
L
 t = F × r

fuys F × r =  hkq ndysr wiu;=,;

s jHdj¾;hhs'
L
= 
t
L L
• =  f,i ,efnkafka SI tall Ndú;fha§h' idOdrK jYfhka   fõ' fuu m%;sM,h N%uK
t t
p,s;h i|yd ksõgkaf.a fojk kshuh f,i ye¢kafõ' bka lshefjkafka"
—hï ÈYdjla Tiafia fldaKsl .uH;dj fjkia ùfï iS>%;dj" tu ÈYdj Tiafia l%shd l, ndysr wiu;=,s;
jHdj¾;hg iudkqmd;sl fõ'˜ hkakhs'
L 
• L = I  L = I    = I. t
t
L 
fuys = yd  fõ'
t t

  = I

•  = I iólrKh" f¾Çh p,s;fha F = ma mßÈu fõ' tneúka th Ndú;fha§o

i. jia;=jla f;dard .; hq;=h' ii. ÈYdjla f;dard .; hq;=h'

 ,nd .ekSu i|yd wod< jia;=j u; we;s ish¿ ndysr jHdj¾;" f;dard .;a ÈYdj Tiafia úfNaokh l, hq;=h'

Samitha Ratnayake -8- Innovative Physics

 fldaKl
s wdfõ.h - (J) [ Angular impulse ]

N%uK p,s;h i|yd ksõgkaf.a fojk kshufhka"

L
 =  ×t = L
t

ndysr wiu;=,s; jHdj¾;fha;a tu jHdj¾;h l%shd l, flá ld,fha;a .=Ks;h fldaKsl wdfõ.h f,i ye¢kafõ'
× t = L
}

J = L

• fldaKsl wdfõ.h" fldaKsl .uH;d fjkig iudk fõ'

• fldaKl
s wdfõ.h" ffoYsl rdYshla jk w;r tys ÈYdj ndysr wiu;=,s; jHdj¾;fha ÈYdj fyj;a fldaKsl .uH;d
fjkfiys ÈYdjhs'

• ndysr wiu;=,s; jHdj¾;h () yd ld,h (t) w;r m%i:

a drhla hgf;a we;s j¾.M,fhka fldaKl
s wdfõ.h ksrEmKh
fõ' 

j¾.M,h = × t = L = J

t
t

fldaKsl .uH;d ixiaÓ;s kshuh

[ Law of conservation of angular momentum ]

L

t
  kï L = 0

— N%uKh jk jia;=jla fyda jia;= moaO;shla u; lsishï N%uK wlaIhla jgd hï ÈYdjla Tiafia ndysr wiu;=,s;
jHdj¾;hla l%h
s d fkdlrhs kï tu N%uK wlaIh jgd tu ÈYdj Tiafia we;s fldaKsl .uH;dj fkdfjkiaj mj;S'˜

• by; kshuho ffoYsl iïnkaO kshula neúka th fh§ugo ^ndysr wiu;=,s; jHj¾;hla l%shd fkdlrk& ÈYdjla
f;dard .; hq;h
= '

fldaKls .uH;d ixiaÓ;s kshufha fh§ï

( Applications of consrvation of angular momentum )

flda'.'i'ks' wkqj kï L = 0 fõ' fuúg L = I ksh;j mej;sh hq;=h' fï wkqj I jeä fõ kï wvqjk
w;r" I wvqfõ kï  jeä fõ'

1' ;rula úYd, Ndr folla oE;ska orñka iqug N%uK mqgqjl isák mqoa.,fhl= ish oE;a
yl=¿jd .;a úg Tyqf.a N%uK fõ.h jeäjk nj fmfka' fufia jkafka I wvq jk úg
L ksh;j ;nd .ekSug  jeä úu ksidh'

2' whsia u; N%uKh jk l%Säldjla ish oE;a yl=¿jd.;a úg wehf.a N%uK fõ.h
jeäjk nj fmfka' fufia jkafka I wvq jk úg L ksh;j ;nd .ekSug  jeä ùu
ksidh'

Samitha Ratnayake -9- Innovative Physics

3' by< isg msyskqï ;gdlhlg mksk l%svlfhl= ish YÍrh yl=¿jd .;a úg Tyq fõ.fhka
N%uKh jk nj fmfka' fufia jkafkao I wvq jk úg L ksh;j ;nd .ekSug  jeä ùu
ksidh'

• fldAKsl .uH;dj ffoYsl rdYshla neúka th wdrCId lr .ekSu i|yd tys ÈYdjo
wdrCId lr .ekSug moaO;s W;aidy orhs'

4' rEmfha ±lafjk mßÈ l=reïnd f.ähla isria wCIh jgd lrljd w; yeßh úg isria
ÈYdj Tiafia Bg we;s fldaKl
s .uH;dj wdrCId lr .ekSug th orK W;aidyh fya;f
= jka
wCIh isriaju msysgk mßÈ th fmdf<djg <Õ fõ' fuúg ìu jÈkafka tys myáh ^my<
fldgi& neúka th ì£fuka wdrCId fõ' ffoYsls h

5' nhsisl,hla mÈk úg ix;=,kh lr .ekSu myiq jkafka;a" lrljk ,o rndkla isyska ßgla u; ix;=,kh lsÍu
myiq jkafka;a" N%uKhla iys;j ;=jlal= lfgka msgjk WKavhla b,lal .; lsÍu myiq jkafka;a fldaKsl
.uH;d ffoYslfha ÈYdj wdrCId lr .ekSug moaO;s orK W;aidyh ksidh'

6' 1 rEmfha ±lafjk mßÈ ksi, N%uK mqgqjla u; jdä ù isák YsIHhl= L L
yg lrlefjk nhsil s ,a frdaohla ,nd fohs' frdaofha fldaKsl .uH;dj x y
L fõ' ál fõ,djlg miq YsIHhd fojk rEmfha ±lafjk mßÈ y x
L1
frdaoh uqkska w;g yer jQ úg frdaofha kj N%uK ÈYdjg úreoaO ÈYdjg
YsIHhd iuÕ mqgj q N%uKh ùug mgka .kS' fufia jkafka moaO;sh ish
uq,a fldaKsl .uH;djfha úYd,;ajh yd ÈYdj wdrlaId lr .ekSug
W;aidy ork ksidh' YsIHhd iuÕ mqgqfõ fldaKsl .uH;dj L1 kï"
1 rEmh 2 rEmh
 fldaKl
s .uH;d ixiaÓ;s kshuh fh§fuka

L = L1  L  L1 = 2 L

jHdj¾;hlska flfrk ld¾Hh (W)

[ Work done by a torque ]

jHdj¾;hla hgf;a jia;=jla fldaKsl úia:dmkhla isÿ lrk úgo ld¾hhla isÿ jkafka hehs lshkq ,efí' isÿ jQ
ld¾h m%udKh jHdj¾;fha úYd,;ajfha;a" isÿ jQ fldaKsl úia:dmkfha;a .=Ks;hg iudk fõ'

W = 


 J Nm rad

• jHdj¾;h cQ,a j,ska ukskq fkd,efí'

Samitha Ratnayake - 10 - Innovative Physics

 N%uK pd,l Yla;sh
[ Rotational kinetic energy ]

N%uK p,s;h ksid jia;j

= lhg ysñjk pd,l Yla;sh fukñka ye¢kafõ'

I I
0  
 

wdrïNfha§ ksYap,j we;s N%uK wCIh jgd I wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kfhka hq;a jia;=jla u; ksh;  jHdj¾;hla fh§u ksid
th  fldaKsl úia:dmkhla isÿlrk úg  fldaKsl m%fõ.hla ,nd.kakd wdldrh rEmfha ±lafõ'

jia;=j wh;a lr.;a N%uK pd,l Yla;sh =  jHdj¾;fhka l< ld¾hh

=  × 


kuq;a  = I  wkqj =
I

;jo  = + 2  wkqj

 1
 = 0 + 2 = I
I 2

1
N%uK pd,l Yla;sh = I
2

• jia;=jla u; fhfok iïm%hqla; jHdj¾;h u.ska flfrk ld¾hh" tys N%uK pd,l Yla;s fjkig iudk fõ'

• E = ½ I 2 • E = ½ I 2
I2 2
= ½ I  × =½
I
L2
E = ½ L E =
2I

fuys L hkq fldaKl

s .uH;djhhs'

• fmr<Su (Rolling)


fmrf<k jia;=jla i;= uq¿ pd,l Yla;sh (E) iudk jkafka th i;= W;a;drK pd,l
v
Yla;f
s ha;a N%uK pd,l Yla;sfha;a tl;=jghs'

1 1
E = mv2 + I
2 2

Samitha Ratnayake - 11 - Innovative Physics

 jHdj¾;hl CIu;dj [ Power of a torque ]

w
P =
t
by; w ld¾h jHdj¾;hlska isÿ fõ kï w =  

 
 P =  × fuys =  hkq fldaKsl m%fõ.hhs'
t t

P = 

 jHdj¾;hla hgf;a jia;=jla  fldaKsl m%fõ.fhka N%uKh jk úg tu jHdj¾;h u.ska ld¾hh lsÍfï iS>%;dj
fyj;a jHdj¾;fha CIu;dj by; iólrKh u.ska ,ndfoa'

Samitha Ratnayake - 12 - Innovative Physics

 wNHdi

01. mDÓúfha wrh 6400 km la f,i i,ld mDÓú iulh u; we;s jia;=jl fldaKl
s m%fõ.h;a f¾Åh m%fõ.h;a
fidhkak'

02. iqug f,i Èfjk m%;siu Trf,daiqjl

i. ;;amr lgqfjys ii. ñks;;
a = lgqfjys iii. meh lgqfjys
fldaKsl m%fõ.h fidhkak'

03. úÿ,s mxldjla ;;amrhg jg 10 l is>%;djhlska N%uKh fjñka mej;=Ks' úÿ,sh úikaê lsÍu ksid úÿ,s
mxldj ;;amr 10 l § taldldr fldaKl
s ukaokhlska ksYap,;djhg m;aúh' úÿ,s mxldfõ fldaKsl ukaokh
fidhkak'

04. frdaohlg 3 rad s–2 l ksh; fldaKsl ;ajrKhla ;sfí' th tla;rd 4 s ld, m%dka;rhl§ 120 rad l fldaKsl
úia:dmkhla isÿlrhs' ksYap,;djfhka p,s;h werUqfõ kï by; 4 s ld, m%dka;rh werfUk úg frdaoh
fldmuK ld,hla p,kh ù ;sfío @

05. ndysr jHj¾;hla fhdod lrljk nhsisl,a frdaohl fldaKsl ;ajrKh 3 rad s–2 fõ wdrïNfha§ frdaoh
ksYap,j we;s úg frdao odrfha ,CIHhl fldaKsl msysàu  fõ'
2 s g miq fuu ,CIHfha fldaKsl úia:dmkh yd frdaofha fldaKsl m%fõ.h fidhkak'
by; .eg¿fõ nhsisl,a frdaofha wrh 0.5 m kï" ksYap,;djfhka mgka f.k 2 s g miq frdao odrfha ;sfnk
wxY=jl iam¾YSh fõ.h" iam¾YSh ;ajrKh yd flakaødNsidÍ ;ajrKh fidhkak'

06. ksYap,;djfha mej;s frdaohla 20 s la ;=<§ 3000 rpm olajd tys N%uK fõ.h jeälr .kakd ,È' frdaofha
fldaKsl ;ajrKh fldmuKo @ fuu ld,h ;=< th N%uKh jQ jg .Kk lSho @

07. ix.S; ;eá jdok hka;%hl N%uK fïih wdrïNfha§ 33 rpm fõ.hlska N%uKh jk w;r th 20 s ;=<§
ksYap,;djhg m;afõ'
i. N%uK fïifhys fldaKsl ;ajrKh taldldr hehs i,ld tys w.h fidhkak'
ii. N%uK fïih ksYap,;djhg m;a ùug fmr jg lShla lrlefõo @
iii. N%uK fïifha flakaøfha isg 14 cm ÿßka isák lDñfhl=f.a wdrïNl f¾Çh fõ.h l=ulao @
iv. lDñhdf.a iam¾YSh ;ajrKh fldmuKo @

08. ksYp a ,;djfhka p,s;h wrUk frdaohla tys wCIh jgd ksh; fldaKls ;ajrKhlska N%uKh fõ' hï fudfyd;l
frdaoh 10 rev s–1 iS>%;djfhka N%uKh fõ' t;eka isg jg 60 lg miq th 15 rev s–1 iS>%;djfhka N%uKh fõ'
i. frdaofha fldaKsl ;ajrKh
ii. 10 rev s–1 N%uK iS>%;djla ,nd .ekSug wdrïNl fudfydf;a isg .; jQ ld,h
iii. 10 rev s–1 N%uK iS>%;dj ,nd.kakd úg wdrïNl fudfydf;a isg N%uKh jQ jg .Kk fidhkak'

09. nr cj frdaohla >¾IK jHdj¾;h fya;=fjka ukaokh fjñka mj;S' m<uq ñks;a;=j wjidkfha§ tys N%uK
fõ.h wdrïNl N%uK fõ.h jk 250 rpm ka 0'90 la kï fojk ñks;;
a j
= wjidkfha§ N%uK fõ.h fidhkak'

10. úYalïNh 40 cm jk frdaohla 3.6 s l ld,hla ;=<§ 80 rpm isg 300 rpm olajd jQ ;ajrKhlg Ndckh fõ'
i. frdaofha fldaKsl ;ajrKh
ii. ;ajrKh mgka .ekSfuka 2 s g miq frdaofha odrfha msysá ,CIHhl f¾Çh ;ajrKfha wÍh yd iam¾YSh
ixrpl fidhkak'

Samitha Ratnayake - 13 - Innovative Physics

11. rEmfha ±lafjk mßÈ oCIsKdj¾; ÈYdjg N%uKh fjñka mj;sk cj frdaohla i,lkak' t = 0 È Bg 2 rad s–1
fldaKsl m%fõ.hla ;sfnk w;r AB f¾Ldj  = 0 msysàfï mj;s' cj frdaoh – 0.25 rad s–2 l fldaKsl
ukaokhlska N%uKh fõ'
i. oCIsKdj¾; N%uKh + f,i i<ld + ÈYdjg cj frdaoh isÿlrk 2 rads –1

Wmßu fldaKsl úia:dmkh fidhkak'

ii.  = – 10 rad ùug .;jk ld,h fidhkak'
^ iDK ms<s;=frys fN!;sl w¾:h l=ulao @ & =0
A B
iii. t = 0 isg  = – 10 rad fudfyd; olajd ld,h iuÕ  ys úp,kh
m%ia:dr .; lr ( i ) yd ( ii ) fldgia j,g wod< msysgqï m%ia:drh u;
olajkak'

12. rEmfha ±lafjk frdaoh i;=j iu ÿßka msysgqjd we;s .rdÈ 8 la we;'
frdaofha wrh 30 m jk w;r th tys wCIh jgd 2.5 rev s–1 ksh; iS>%;djhlska
N%uKh fõ' 20 cm la È. B;,hla frdaofha wCIhg iudka;rj lsisÿ .rdÈhl
fkd.eà úÈh hq;= kï B;,hg ;sìh hq;= wju m%fõ.h l=ulao @ .rdÈ yd B;,h
b;d isyska nj i,lkak'

13. wdf,dalfha m%fõ.h uekSu i|yd fhdod .;a merKs l%uhla rEmfha ±lafõ'

Light
beam
Light Mirror
source perpendicular
to light beam

Rotating
slotted wheel

odrfhys ±;s iys; N%uKh jk frdaohl ±;s folla w;r we;s ysveiska .uka .kakd wdf,dal loïnhla frdaohg
500 m la ÿßka ;enq ;, o¾mKhlska mrdj¾;kh ù kej; meñfKkafka hdka;ñka B<Õ ysvei yryd hd yels
mßoafoks' odrfhys ±;s 500 la we;s wrh 5 cm la jQ fujeks frdaohla fhdod .;a mÍCIKhl§ wdf,dalfha
m%fõ.h 3 × 105 km s–1 f,i wkdjrKh lr .;af;a kï frdaofhys ksh; fldaKsl m%fõ.h;a odrfha jQ ,CIHhl
f¾Åh m%fõ.h;a fidhkak'

14. rEmfha olajd we;s A frdaofha wrh 10 cm la o B frdaofha wrh 25 cm

la o fõ' A ksYap,;djfhka p,s;h wrUd 1.6 rad s–2 fldaKsl
;ajrKhlska N%uKh jkafka kï 100 rpm N%uK iS>%;djla ,nd
.ekSug B g .; jk ld,h fidhkak' máh ,siaid fkdhkafka hehs
A
Wml,amkh lrkak' B

15. fudag¾ r:hla ukaokfhka .uka lsÍfï§ tys fõ.h 80 km h–1 isg 55 km h–1 olajd wvqjk úg" tys frdao N%uK
55 la isÿ lrhs' frdaohl úYalïNh 1 m fõ' frdao ,lajQ fldaKsl ;ajrKho" fuu ukaokfhka È.gu p,kh
jqjfyd;a fudag¾ r:h k;r lsÍug .; jk ld,ho fidhkak'

16. wp, ;sria r¿ ;,hla u; wrh R jQ is,k s avrhla ;nd ta u; ;enQ r¿ oKavla V
V fõ.fhka p,kh flf¾' lsis÷ ia:dkhl ,siaiSula isÿ fkdjk nj i,ld R
is,skavrfha fldaKsl m%fõ.h;a flakaøfha f¾Çh m%fõ.h;a fidhkak'

Samitha Ratnayake - 14 - Innovative Physics

17. V1 yd V2 fõ.fhka V1
i. tlu osYdjg
ii. úreoaO ÈYdjg p,khjk iudka;r o~q folla w;r ;nd we;s wrh R jq R

is,skv
a rhl fldaKls m%fõ.h;a flakaøfha f¾Åh m%fõ.h;a fidhkak' V2
is,skavrh o~q w;r fkd,siaik nj i,lkak'

18. ialkaOh M ne.ska jQ l=vd f.da, 4 la" mdohl È. a jk ieye,a¨ iup;=ri%dldr ,S rduqjl YS¾Ij,g iúlr
we;' rduqjg ,ïNlj tla ialkaOhla yryd hk wCIhla jgd moaO;sfha wjiaÓ;s >q¾Kh fidhkak'

19. ialkaOh 0.56 kg jQ taldldr ógr rE,l 20 cm i,l=K yryd hk rE,g ,ïNl wCIhla jgd wjiaÓ;s >q¾Kh
fidhkak' rE, isyska oKavla f,i Wml,amkh lrkak'

20. ialkaOh m yd wrh r jq l=yr is,skavrhlg tll ialkaOh m yd wrh r jq mshka folla iúlr ;sfí'
is,skavrfha wCIh jgd moaO;sfha wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh fidhkak'

21. wxY= 4 l ialkaO iy msysgqï LKavdxl my; mßÈ fõ'

50 g : x = 2 cm , y = 2 cm
25 g : x= 0 , y = 4 cm
25 g : x = –3 cm , y = –3 cm
30 g : x = –2 cm , y = 4 cm

i. x wCIh jgd"
ii. y wCIh jgd"
iii. z wCIh jgd" wxY= moaO;sfha wjiaÓ;s >q¾K fidhkak'

22. È. 0.5 m jQ ;ka;=jlg .eg .id we;s 2 kg ialkaOhla ;ka;=fõ fl<jr jgd jD;a;dldr m:hl 10 rad s–1
fldaKsl m%fõ.fhka hq;=j N%uKh fõ' N%uK wCIh jgd ialkaOfha fldaKsl .uH;dj fidhkak'

23. mDÓúh iy pkaøhd w;r udOHkH ÿr 3.84 × 105 km jk w;r pkaøhdg mDÓúh jgd tlajrla hdug Èk 27'3 la
.;fõ' pkaøhdf.a ialkaOh 7.3 × 1022 kg f,i i,ld mDÓúh jgd pkaøhdf.a fldaKl
s .uH;dj fidhkak'

24. rEmfha ±lafjk fla;= wj,ïnfha A yryd hk isria wCIh jgd fldaKsl .uH;dj
A
m2 g l3 Sin4  
L= Cos 
 f,i ,súh yels nj fmkajkak'

Samitha Ratnayake - 15 - Innovative Physics

25. m1 yd m2 ialkaO folla l È.e;s ieye,a¨ iDcq oKavl fofl,jrg we|d" moaO;sfha ialkaO flakøa h yryd
hk oKavg ,ïnl wCIhla jgd ksh; fldaKsl m%fõ.hlska N%uKh flf¾' moaO;sfha fldaKsl .uH;djh
l2  f,i ,súh yels nj fmkajkak'
m1 m2
fuys"  fõ'
m1 + m2

26. rEmfha ±lafjk moaO;sfha ^lmamsfha wCIh jgd& fldaKsl .uH;dj

fidhkak'
m1 = 3 kg yd m2 = 1 kg fõ' lmamsfha wrh 0.3 m jk w;r wCIh jgd tys
wjiaÓ;s >q¾Kh 0.14 kg m2 fõ' moaO;sh 2 ms–1 l f¾Çh m%fõ.hlska
p,kh jk nj;a ;ka;=j fkd,siaik nj;a i,lkak'

27. wjiaÓ;s >q¾Kh 80 kg m2 jQ cj frdaohla 6000 rad s–1 iS>%;djfhka N%uKh fjñka ;sìh§ taldldr ukaokhlg
,la lr 30 s l§ ksi,;djg muqKjk ,È' ukaokh lsÍu i|yd fhÿkq jHj¾;h fidhkak'

28. ialkaOh 0.5 kg jQ frdaohl wCIh jgd wjiaÓ;s >q¾Kh 0.05 kg m2 fõ' th ;;amrhlg jdr 30 l iS>;
% djfhka
N%uKh fjñka ;sìh§ 0.26 Nm n, hq.u a hla fh§fuka taldldr ukaokhlg ,la lrk ,È' frdaoh ksi,;djhg
meñKsug fmr lSjdrhla N%uKh fõo @

29. wjiaÓ;s >q¾Kh 0.3 kg m2 jk nr cj frdaohla th yd ieie÷ l, fkdi,ld y, yels ;rï l=vd ialkaOhla
we;s" wrh 0.01 m jQ ;sria wCI oKavla u; kxjd we;' >¾IKh fkdi,ld yer"
i. wCI oKavg iam¾Yl f,i 40 N l n,hla fhÿúg cj frdaofha fldaKsl ;ajrKh yd
ii. ksYap,;djfha isg 10 s g miq cj frdaofha fldaKsl m%fõ.h fidhkak'

30. rEmfha olajd we;s taldldr jD;a;dldr ;eáfhys wrh 20 cm o ialkaOh 2.5 kg o
fõ' ;eáh tys flakaøh yryd hk ish ;,hg ,ïnl wCIhla jgd iqugj N%uKh
fõ' ;eáfhys mßêh jgd t;+ ieye,a¨ wú;kH ;ka;=jlg ialkaOh 1.2 kg jQ
jia;=jla wE|d ;sfí'
i. jia;=fjys ;ajrKh
ii. ;eáfhys fldaKsl ;ajrKh
iii. ;ka;=fõ wd;;sh fidhkak'
1
;ka;=j ,siaid fkdhk nj Wml,amkh lrkak' ( I = mr2 )
2
31. úYalïNh 1 m jk frdaohlg ;sria wCIhla ^ish flakaøh yryd hk& jgd >¾IKfhka f;drj N%uKh úh
yelsh' wCIh jgd frdaofha wjiaÓ;s >q¾Kh 5 kg m2 fõ' frdaofha mßêh jgd T;d we;s ,Kqjla u; ksh; 20
N l wd;;shla fhdod we;s w;r tu.ska frdaoh ;ajrKhg Ndckh lrhs' t = 0 úg frdaoh ksYap,;djfhka
N%uKh i|yd uqod yefrkafka hehs i,ld"
i. frdaofha fldaKsl ;ajrKh
ii. t = 3s úg frdaofha fldaKsl m%fõ.h
iii. m<uq 3s ;=<§ È. yeÍ ;sfnk ,Kqfõ È. m%udKh fidhkak'

Samitha Ratnayake - 16 - Innovative Physics

32. wrh 0.20 m jQ lmamhs lg ieye,a¨ wú;kH ;ka;j = lska wE÷ 2.0 kg ialkaOh
we;s jia;=jla iqug ;sria ;,hla u; ;nd P = 3.0N jQ ksh; ;sria n,hlska P
wÈkq ,efí' N%uK wCIh jgd lmamsfha wjiaÓ;s >q¾Kh 0.050 kg m2 fõ'
lmamsfha N%uKh >¾IKfhka f;dr hehso ;ka;=j lmamsh u; ,siaikafka
ke;ehso i,ld lmamsfha fldaKsl ;ajrKh fidhkak'

33. ialkaOh 12 kg jk m jia;=jla P keue;s lmamshla jgd T;d we;s ;ka;=jlg we|d P
;sfí' lmamsfha wrh 10 cm jk w;r ialkaOh 2 m s–2 ;ajrKfhka >¾IKfhka
f;drj wdk; ;,h u; .uka lrùug i,iajkq ,efí' lmamf s ha N%uKho >¾IKfhka
f;dr hehs i,ld" m
i. ;ka;=fõ wd;;sh
ii. lmamsfha wjiaÓ;s >q¾Kh
iii. 2 s g miq lmamsfha fldaKsl m%fõ.h 370
^lmamsh N%uKhg uqod yefrkqfha ksYap,;djfhka hehs i,ld& fidhkak'

34. ialkaOh 2kg yd wrh 25cm jq >k is,skavrhla u; T;d we;s ieye,a¨ ;ka;=jl ksoyia fl<jr wp,j
r|jd is,skavrhg my,g jeàug ie,eiaiq úg tys f¾Åh ;ajrKh;a ;ka;=fõ wd;;sh;a fidhkak'

35. ialkaOh m yd wrh r jq >k is,skavhla jgd T;d we;s ieye,a¨ ;ka;=jla
we§fï§ tu.ska is,skavrh u; ksh; F ;sria n,hla we;s jk mßÈ is,skavrh
F
fmrf,a' is,skavrh fkd,siaik nj Wml,amkh lrñka

i. ialkaO flakaøfha ;ajrKh;a

ii. ;,h u.ska we;s lrk >¾IK n,h;a
iii. ;,h u; d ÿrla fmr<S .sh miq is,skavrfha ialkaO flakaøfha f¾Åh m%fõ.h;a fidhkak'

36. taldldr >k is,k

s avrhla ;srig  fldaKhla wdk; r¿ ;,hla u; ,sii
a Sulska f;drj fmr<Sug is,skavrh
1
yd ;,h w;r mej;sh hq;= wju >¾IK ix.=Klh tan nj fmkajkak'
3
37. T2 P
m2

iqug ;,h T1
m1

ialkaOh m1 iy m2 jk jia;= folla ieye,a¨ ;ka;j = la u.ska we|d ;sfí' ;ka;=j wrh R iy wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh
I jk iqug P lmamhs la u;ska .uka lrhs' ;ka;=fõ lmamh s u; ,siaikafka ke;ehs i,ld"
i. ialkaOj, ;ajrKh
ii. T1 yd T2 wd;;s fidhkak'
iii. lmamsfha wjiaÓ;s >q¾Kh fkdi,ld yeßh úg Tng ,efnk ms<s;=re by; úi÷ï
iuÕ ii|kak'

38. olajd we;s rEmfhys M = 500 g o" m = 460 g o " fõ' lmamf
s ha wrh 5 cm jk w;r th tys
wCIh jgd iqugj N%uKh fõ' moaO;sh ksYp a ,;djfhka p,s;hg uqod yeßh úg M ialkaOh
5 s l ld,hla ;=< 75 cm la my<g jefÜ'
i. M yd m ys ;ajrKh
ii. M g iïnkaê; ;ka;= fldgfia wd;;sh m
iii. m g iïnkaê; ;ka;= fldgfia wd;;sh
iv. lmamsfha fldaKsl ;ajrKh
M
v. lmamsfha wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh fidhkak' ;ka;j = lmamh
s u; ,sii a d fkdhk nj i,lkak'
Samitha Ratnayake - 17 - Innovative Physics
39. úYalïNh 1.0 cm la jk wCI oKavla iys; cj frdaohla >¾IKfhka f;dr bis¨ï u; kxjd ;sfí' wCI
oKav jgd ;Èka t;= isyska kq,lg 2 N ksh; wd;;shla fh§fuka cj frdaoh p,kh lrjkq ,efí' N%uK
wCIh jgd moaO;sfha wjiaÓ;s >q¾Kh 5.0 × 10–4 kg m2 fõ'
i. cj frdaofha fldaKsl ;ajrKh
ii. kqf,ka 1 m l È.la wCI oKafvka weÈ .sh úg" kqf,a wd;;sh iïmq¾Kfhkau bj;a fõ kï cj frdaoh
tla iïmq¾K jghlska ksYap,;djg f.k taug Bg fhÈh hq;= ksh; ukaok n, hq.auh fidhkak'

40. I1 wjiaÓ;s >q¾Kfhka hq;= ;eáhla 0 fldaKsl m%fõ.fhka ish flakaøh yryd hk ;eáhg ,ïnl isria
wCIhla jgd >¾IKfhka f;drj N%uKh fõ' ish flakaøh yryd hk uq,a wCIh jgdu I2 wjiaÓ;s >q¾Kfhka
hq;a N%uKh fkdjk ;j;a ;eáhla m<uq ;eáh u;g w; yßkq ,efí' ;eá j, mDIaG r¿ neúka tajd tlu 
fldaKsl m%fõ.hlska N%uKh ùug mgka .kS'  ys w.h i|yd m%ldYkhla ,nd .kak'

41. uqød kdáldx.kdjla ish w;a úysÿjdf.k ;;amrhg mßN%uK 1 la isÿ lrñka isria wCIhla jgd nuhs' w;a
yl=¿jd .;a úg isria wCIh jgd wef.a wjiaÓ;s >q¾Kh 60] lska wvq fjhs kï wef.a kj mßN%uK iS>%;dj
fidhkak'

42. wjiaÓ;s >q¾Kh 5 × 10–4 kg m2 jk ;eáhla 40 rpm iS>%;djfhka tys flakaøh yryd hk wCIhla jgd
ksoyfia N%uKh fjhs' 0.02 kg ialkaOfhka hq;= bá iaj,amhla wCIfha isg 0.08 m la ÿßka ;eáh Wvg
iSrefjka w; yeßh úg ;eáfha kj mßN%uK iS>%;dj fidhkak'

43. N%uK fïihla u; we;s .%eufmdaka ;eáhla 45 rpm ksh; iS>%;djhlska N%uKh fjhs' 20 g l l=vd ialkaOhla
N%uK wCIfha isg 4 cm ÿßka ;eáh u;g iSrefjka fy¿ úg th ;eáh yd we,Su ksid mßN%uK iS>%;dj 36
rpm olajd my; niS' ish flakaøh jgd ;eáfha wjiaÓ;s >q¾Kh .Kkh lrkak'

44. mDÓúh taldldr >k f.da,hla f,i i,ld tys ialkaOfhys fjkilska f;drj wrh wvla jqfha kï mDÓú
2
Èkh fldmuK jkq we;a o @ ^úIalïNhla jgd >k f.da,hl wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh mr2 fõ'&
5
45. mDÓú flakaøh foig t,a, jQ ÈYdjla Tiafia meñfKk ialkaOh m jQ l=vd W,aldmd;hla" iulh wi,
ia:dkhlg jefÜ' mDÓúh" ialkaOh M yd wrh R jQ taldldr >k f.da,hla f,i i,ld W,aldmd;h jeàu
fya;f
= jka mDÓúh u; —ojil˜ ld,h 5mT / 2M m%udKhlska jeäjk nj fmkajkak' fuys T hkq W,aldmd;h
jeàug fmr —ojil˜ ld,hhs'

46. O jgd iqugj N%uKh úh yels frdaohl mßêh u; isgf.k isák

ialkaOh M jQ <ufhla ialkaOh m jq jia;=jla V m%fõ.fhka
;sriaj frdaohg iam¾Yl ÈYdjg úis lrhs' frdaofha wjiaÓ;s >q¾Kh
I yd wrh R fõ' moaO;sh wdrïNfha§ ksYap,j mej;=ks kï tys O
fldaKsl m%fõ.h;a <uhdf.a f¾Çh m%fõ.h;a fidhkak'

A
47. ialkaOh 0.5 kg jQ ,S l=Üáhla A yryd hk ;sria wCIhla jgd N%uKh úh yels 0.60 m È.
taldldr fkdjk oKavl fl<jrg we|d ;sfí' A jgd oKafâ wjiaÓ;s >q¾Kh 0.060 kg m2
fõ' 1 g l ialkaohla we;s WKavhla ;sriaj .uka fldg ,S l=Üáfha je§ tys .sf,a' moaO;sfha
wdrïNl fldaKsl m%fõ.h 4.5 rad s–1 kï WKavfha wdrïNl m%fõ.h fidhkak' ,S l=Üáh
wxY=jla f,i i,lkak'

Samitha Ratnayake - 18 - Innovative Physics

48.
v
r

ialkaOh 2kg yd wrh R = 20 cm jq >k is,skavrhlg ish wCIh jgd iqugj N%uKh úh yelsh'
V = 2ms–1 m%fõ.fhka .uka .kakd 100 g l ialkaOhla we;s wxY=jla ksYap, is,skavrfha je§ tys wef,a'
.egqfuka miq moaO;sfha fldaKsl m%fõ.h fidhkak' r = 15 cm f,i i,lkak'

49. mDÓúfha WIaK;ajfh by, hdu fya;=fjka O%ejdikak whsia l÷ Èh ùu ksid id.r .eUqr 30 m lska jeä jqfha
hehs i,ld mDÓúfha —Èkhg˜ ñka isÿjk o< n,mEu fidhkak'
^ mDÓúfha wrh 6400 km jk w;r mDÓúh >k f.da,hla f,i i,lkak' >k f.da,hl úIalïNhla jgd
2
wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh mr2 fõ'&
5
50. wú;kH ;ka;=jl tla fl<jrlg ialkaOh m jk wxY=jla .eg.id we;s
w;r" ;ka;=fõ wfkla fl<jr iqug fïi mDIaGhl we;s isÿrla yryd hjd
we;' ;ka;=fõ ksoyia fl<jr isriaj my<g weo ;sìh§ m ialkaOh iqug m
fïi mDIaGh u; wrh 0.8 m jq jD;a;dldr m:hl 2.4 ms–1 fõ.fhka
mßN%uKh fõ' jD;a;fha wrh 0.48 m jk fia ;ka;=j tys ksoyia fl<jßka
my<g w¢kq ,enqfõ kï m ys kj fõ.h fldmuKo @

51. 25 Nm jHj¾;hla hgf;a N%uK wCIh jgd 5 kg m2 wjiaÓ;s >q¾Khla we;s jia;=jla 4 s la ;=< N%uKh ùfï§
ta u; flfrk ld¾hh fidhkak'

52. ;sria ;,hla Èf.a ,siaiSulska f;drj fmrf<k ;eáhlg tys flakaøh jgd 2.5 kg m2 l wjiaÓ;s >q¾Khla o"
5 kg l ialkaOhlao ;sfí' ;eáfha ialkaO flakaøfha m%fõ.h 2 m s–1 ls' ;eáfha wrh 1 m kï"
i. tys fldaKsl m%fõ.h;a"
ii. uq¿ pd,l Yla;sh;a fidhkak'

53. cj frdaohlg 200 J l pd,l Yla;shla ;sfí' tu cj frdaohg 5 N m l ksh; m%;súreoaO n, hq.auhla
fhdokafka kï" th ksYap,;djg meñfKkafka N%uK lShla isÿ l, miqo @ ish flakaøh jgd cj frdaofha
wjiaÓ;s >q¾Kh 4 kg m2 kï" th ksYap,;djhg meñKSug .;jk ld,h fidhkak'

54. mDÓúh taldldr >k f.da,hla fia i,lkak' mDÓúfha wrh 6.4 × 103 km o tys ialkaOh 6.0 × 1024 kg o fõ
kï" mDÓúh ish wCIh jgd N%uKh ùfï§ th i;=jk N%uK pd,l Yla;sh fidhkak'
2
^ >k f.da,hl wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh = mr2 )
5

55. Tlaiscka wKqjl ialkaOh 5.3 × 10–26 kg jk w;r Bg Tlaiscka mrudKq fol hd lrk f¾Ldjg ,ïnlj
ialkaO flakaøh yryd hk wCIhla jgd 1.94 × 10–46 kg m2 l wjiaÓ;s >q¾Khla ;sfí' Tlaiscka wkqj
500 ms–1 m%fõ.hlska .uka lrhs kï yd tys N%uK pd,l Yla;sh" W;a;drK pd,l Yla;sfhka 2/3 la kï
Tlaiscka wKqfõ fldaKsl m%fõ.h fidhkak'

56. fmdf<dj uÜgfï isg h Wilska we;s l=[a[hla uqÿfka rEmfha ±lafjk whqre
ialkaOh m yd wrh R jk >k is,skavrhla ;nd we;' th ,siaiSulska f;drj
fmrf,a hehs i,ld is,skavrh ksYap,;djfha isg uqod yeßh úg l=[a[h my<§
1
tys fõ.h fidhkak' ^ I = mr2 )
2
Samitha Ratnayake - 19 - Innovative Physics
57. rEmfha ±lafjk wdldrhg >k is,skavrhla  fldaKhlska wdk; r¿ ;,hla u;
2
,siaiSulska f;drj fmrf<a' is,skavrfha W;a;drK ;ajrKh g Sin  ksh;
3
w.hla .kakd nj fmkajkak'
1
^>k is,skavrhl wCIh jgd wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh mr2 fõ&
2
58. wrh 5 cm jQo ialkaOh 0.5 kg jQo >k f.da,hla ;sria ;,hla Èf.a fmr,Sf.k
ths' fuu f.da,hg ;srig 300 la wdk; ;,hla yuqjk fudfydf;a§ tys
flakaøfha ;sria m%fõ.h 2 m s–1 fõ' ,siaiSulska f;drj fmrf,a hehs i,ld
f.da,h wdk; ;,fha fldmuK ÿrla by< k.S ±hs .Kkh lrkak'
2
^>k f.da,hl úIalïNhla Tiafia jQ wCIhla jgd wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh mr2)
5

59. ialkaO m yd wrh R jQ jia;=jla ;sria ;,hla Èf.a fmr,Sf.k ths'

fuu jia;=jg olajd we;s wdk; ;,h uqK .efik fudfydf;a§ tys
flakaøfha ;sria m%fõ.h V fõ' ;,h Èf.a jia;=j .uka .kakd Wmßu
Wi jk h , h = 3v2 / 4g uÕska ,nd foa kï" jia;f
= õ ialkaO flakaøh h
yryd hk wCIhla jgd wjiaÓ;s >q¾Kh fidhkak' fuu jia;=j l=ula
úh yelso @ ^jia;=j fkd,siaik nj Wml,amkh lrkak'&

60. rEmfha fmkajd we;s 1 m la È. taldldr oKav O ys§ wiõ lr we;af;a isria ;,hl
ksoyfia N%uKh úh yels mßÈh' th ;sriaj w,a,d ksoyia lrkq ,efí' oKav rEmfha
fmkajd we;s msysgqu miq lrk úg tys fldaKsl fõ.h yd ksoyia fl<jfrys f¾Çh
1
fõ.h fidhkak' ^ I = ml2)
3

61. iïmq¾K wjiaÓ;s >q¾Kh 0.002 kg m2 jk pl%hla iy wCI oKavla" wCIh jgd T;d we;s ;ka;=jlg .eg .id
we;s 800g u.ska ;sria wCIhla jgd N%uKh lsÍug i,iajd we;' wCI oKafâ wrh 2 cm fõ' frdaohg
;;amrhg N%uK 3 l fõ.hla we;s lsÍu i|yd ialkaOh ksYap,;djfha isg fldmuK ÿrla my<g jeáh
hq;=o @
M ,R
I ,r
62.

moaO;sh iqugj p,kh jk w;r >k f.da,h u; yd lmamsh u; we;s ;ka;= fldgia ,siaid fkdhhs' moaO;sh
ksYap,;djfhka p,s;hg uqod yeßh úg" m ialkaOh h ÿrla my< jegqKq miq tys m%fõ.h fidhkak' >k
2
f.da,hl wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh mr2 fõ'
5

63. rEmfha ±lafjk moaO;sfha m1 = 7 kg yd m2 = 12kg jk w;r iqug lmamsfha wrh 5cm ls'
ksYap,;djfha isg ksoyia l, úg m2 , 2 s l§ 1m la my, jefÜ kï lmamsfha wjiaÓ;s
>q¾Kh fidhkak'

Samitha Ratnayake - 20 - Innovative Physics

64. iqug wdk; ud¾.hla wjidk jkafka" wrh r jQ jD;a;dldr mqvqjlsks' ud¾.h u;
l=uk wju isria Wil isg wxY=jla ksoyia l, úg th mqvqj ;=< iïmq¾K jghla
.uka lrhso @

65. wjiaÓ;s >q¾Kh 2 kg m2 jk cj frdaohla ñks;a;j

= lg jg 6 × 102 ksh; fõ.hlska N%uKh lsÍu i|yd úÿ,s
fudagrhla u.ska tu frdaoh fj; 5 × 10 W cjhla imhkq ,efí' úÿ,s fudagrh k;r l, úg cj frdaoh
2

ksYap,;djhg m;a ùu i|yd fldmuK ld,hla .; fõo @ ^cj frdaofha p,s;hg tfrys >¾IK jHj¾;h
ksh; nj Wml,amkh lrkak'&

MCQ
Time target : 20 minutes

01. wdrïNfha§ ksYap,;djfha mej;s frdaohla u; 50 Nm l ksh; jHdj¾;hla l%shd lsÍu ksid th 10 s l§
200 rad la N%uKh fõ' frdaofha fldaKsl ;ajrKh jkafka"
1' 1 rad s–2 2' 2 rad s–2 3' 4 rad s–2 4' 6 rad s–2 5' 8 rad s–2

02. fok ,o isyska lïìhlska P yd Q keue;s jD;a;dldr mqvq folla idokq ,efí' P ys wrh r jk w;r Q ys wrh
nr fõ' ish ;,hg ,ïnlj flakaøh yryd hk wCIhla jgd Q ys wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh " tn÷u wlaIhla jgd P ys
wjiaÓ; >Q¾Kh fuka isõ .=Khla kï n ys w.h
1' 41$3 2' 42$3 3' 41$2 4' 41$4 5' 43$4

03. wrh 2 m jQ jD;a;dldr ;eáhla rEmfha ±lafjk mßÈ ;sria ,E,a,la u; ,siaiSulska f;drj fmrf<a' wod<
;ajrK rEmfha olajd we;' ;eáfha fldaKsl ;ajrKh jkqfha"
1' 4 rad s–2
2' 3 rad s–2
3' 2 rad s–2
4' 1 rad s–2
5' 0

04. rEmfha ±lafjk mßÈ ;sria ;,hla u; jD;a;dldr ;eáhla ,sii a uS lska f;drj fmrf<a' ;eáfha flakøa h C jk
w;r P yd Q hkq C ys isg iuÿßka msysgd we;s ,CIH folls' VP , VQ yd VC hkq ms<f
s j,ska P , Q yd C ,CIH j,
f¾Çh m%fõ.hkaf.a úYd,;aj kï "
1' VQ  VC  VP
2' VQ  VP  VC
3' VQ  VP  VC = 1/2 VP
4' VPVQ  VC
5' VC  VP  VQ

05. ksYap,;djfha mj;sk N%uK ;eáhlg ish wCIh jgd >¾IKfhka f;drj N%uKh úh yelsh' tys wrh R o
wCIh jgd wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh I o fõ' ialkaOh m jQ <ufhla ;eáfhys mßêhg iam¾Yl ÈYdjla Tiafia V
fõ.fhka ÿjf.k ú;a thg f.dvfõ' túg <uhd iys; ;eáfha fldaKl
s m%fõ.h jkafka ^<uhd wxY=jla f,i
Wml,amkh lrkak'&

mV2R mVR mV2R mVR 2 mVR

1' 2' 3' 4' 5'
(mR2+I) (mR2+I) 2(mR2+I) 2(mR2+I) (mR2+I)

Samitha Ratnayake - 21 - Innovative Physics

06. taldldr jD;a;dldr j<,a,la ;srig 300 la wdk; ;,hla u; ,siaiSulska f;drj fmrf<a' tys ialkaO
flakaøfha ;ajrKh jkqfha " ^ g - .=re;ajc ;ajrKhhs&
1' g $ 2 2' g $ 3 3' g $ 4 4' g $ 6 5' g

07. wrh R jq taldldr jD;a;dldr j<,a,la ;sria ;,hla u; ,siaiSulska f;drj ksh; V fõ.fhka fmr<Sf.k
hhs' j<,af,a my,u ,CIHhg idfmalaIj tys by,u ,CIHfha ;ajrKh jkqfha "
1' V2 / R 2' 2V2 / R 3' V2 / 2R 4' 4V2 / R 5' V2 / 4R

08. ialkaOh M yd È. L jQ taldldr iDcq oKavl flakaøh iómfha tll ialkaOh m jk iqug mn¿ folla r|jd
we;af;a rEmfha olajd we;s mßÈh' wdrïNfha§ oKav  fldaKsl m%fõ.fhka ish flakaøh yryd hk oKavg
,ïnl wCIhla jgd N%uKh fjñka mj;S' mn¿ fol oKafâ fofl<jrg <Õdjk fudfydf;a§ moaO;sfha
fldaKsl m%fõ.h jkqfha " ^ialkaOh m yd È. l jq iDcq oKavl flakaøh yryd hk oKavg ,ïnl wlaIhla jgd
wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh 1 $ 12 ml2 fõ&
1' M/ (M + 6m)
2' M/ m
3' M/ (M +12m)
4' M/ (M + m)
5' 

09. 30 cm la È. oKavl fofl<jrg i¾jiu B yd C keue;s wxY= folla wE|d iqug ;sria ;,hla u; ;nd ;sfí'
tu ;,h Tiafia rEmfha ±lafjk mßÈ 60 cms–1 fõ.fhka .uka .kakd A keue;s i¾jiu wxY=jla B yd .eà
tys wef,a' .egqñka fudfyd;lg miq moaO;sfha ialkaO flakaøh jgd fldaKsl m%fõ.h jkqfha "

1' 1 rad s–1

2' 2 rad s–1
3' 3 rad s–1
4' 4 rad s–1
5' 5 rad s–1

10. iqug ;sria ;,hla u; ;nd we;s ialkaOh m yd wrh r jq jD;a;dldr ;eáhl mßêh jgd ieye,a¨ ;ka;=jla
T;d tys fl<jrg l=vd m ialkaOhla .eg .id ;sfí' wdrïNfha§ ;ka;=j nqre,ajk mßÈ ;nd rEmfha ±lafjk
mßÈ ialkaOhg 5 ms–1 ;sria m%fõ.hla ,nd foa' ;ka;=j ;o jk úg ialkaOfha m%fõ.h jkafka " ^ ;eáh tys
flakaøh yryd hk ;eáfha ;,hg ,ïnl wCIhla jgd ksoyfia N%uKh úh yels mßÈ r|jd we;s w;r tu
wlaIh jgd tys wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh 1 $2 mr2 fõ &'

1' 3 ms–1 2' 2'5 ms–1

3' 5 $ 3 ms–1 4' 10 $ 3 ms–1
5' 2 ms–1

Samitha Ratnayake - 22 - Innovative Physics

 ms<s;=re - wNHdi
01. 7.26 ×10–5 rads–1 , 465 ms–1 02. i. /30 rads–1 ii. /1800 rads–1 iii. /21600 rads–1
03. 2 rads–2 04. 8 s
05. 6 rad , 6 rads–1 , 3 ms–1 , 1.5 ms–2 , 18 ms–2 06. 15.7 rads–2 , 500
07. i. –0.173 rads–2 ii. 5.51
iii. 48.4 cm s–1 iv. 2.42 cm s–2
08. i. 6.54 rads–2 ii. 9.6 s iii. 48 09. 200 rev / min
10. i. 6.4 rads–2 ii. 90 ms–2 , 1.3 ms–2
11. i. 8 rad ii. 20 s 12. 4 ms–1 13. 3.8 × 103 rads–1 , 190 ms–1
V V
14. 16 s 15. –1.5 rads–2 , 20 s 16. ,
2R 2
17. i. 1/2R ( v1 – v2 ) , 1/2 ( v1 + v2 )
ii. 1/2R ( v1 + v2 ) , 1/2 ( v1 – v2 ) 18. 4 Ma2
19. 0.097 kg m2 20. 2m r 2
21. i. 1305 g cm2 ii. 545 g cm2 iii. 1850 g cm2
22. 5 kg m2 s–1 23. 2.8×1034 kgm2s–1 26. 3.33 kgm2s–1
27. 16000 Nm 28. 543.7
29. i. 1.3 rads–2 ii. 13 rads–1
30. i. 4.9 ms–2 ii. 24.5 rads–2 iii. 6.1 N 31. i. 2 rads–2 ii. 6 rads–1 iii. 4.5 m
32. 4.6 rads–2 33. i. 46.8 N ii. 0.234 kgm2 iii. 40.0 rads–1
34. 6.67 ms–2 , 6.67 N 35. i. 4F/3m ii. F/3 iii.  8Fd/3m
37. i. m1g / (m1+m2 +I/R2)
ii. T1 = m1g ( I + m2R2) / [ I + (m1 + m2) R2 ] , T2 = m1 m2 g / (m1+m2 +I/R2)
38. i. 6 cm s–2 ii. 4.97 N iii. 4.63 N iv. 1.20 rads–2 v. 0.0142 kgm2
39. i. 20 rads–2 ii. 0.32 Nm 40. I10 / I1 + I2 41. 2.5 rev s–1
42. 31.8 rpm 43. 1.3 × 10–4 kg m2 44. 6 hours
46. mvR / (MR2 + I ) , mvR2 / (MR2 + I ) 47. 1802.7 ms–1
48. 0.365 rads–1 49. 0.8 s lska oS¾> fõ' 50. 4.0 ms–1 51. 1000 J
52. i. 2 rads–1 ii. 15 J 53. 6.4 , 8 s 54. 2.6 × 1029 J
55. 6.7 × 1012 rads–1 56. 2  (gh / 3) 57. 58. 56 cm
59. ½ mR2 , jD;a;dldr ;eáhla $ >k is,skavrhla 60.  3 g Sin  ,  3 g Sin 
61. 5.15 cm 62.  ( 2 mgh ) / (m + I/r2 + 2M/5) 63. 0.2 kgm2
64. 2.5 r 65. 15.8 s

ms<s;=re - MCQ

01. 3 02. 1 03. 2 04. 1 05. 2

06. 3 07. 2 08. 1 09. 1 10. 4

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