“TravelEase (The Travel Planner App)”

A
Major Project Report
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree

of
Bachelor of Technology
in
Information Technology

Submitted to
RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA,
BHOPAL (M.P.)

Guided by Submitted By
Prof. Namrata Vijayvargiya Rashi Vishwakarma(0832IT211050)
Assistant Professor Roshan Solanki(0832IT211053)
Vivek Sharma(0832IT211067)
Yash Surma(0832IT211068)

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

CHAMELI DEVI GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
INDORE (M.P.) 452020
2024-25
“TravelEase (The Travel Planner App)”

A Major Project

Software Requirement Specification Report submitted to

Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal

Bachelor of Technology
in
Information Technology
By

Rashi Vishwakarma(0832IT211050)
Roshan Solanki(0832IT211053)
Vivek Sharma(0832IT211067)
Yash Surma(0832IT211068)
Under the guidance of
Prof. Namrata Vijayvargiya
Assistant Professor

Session: 2024-25
Department of Information Technology
Chameli Devi Group of Institutions, Indore

452 020 (Madhya Pradesh)

 DECLARATION

We certify that the work contained in this report is original and has been done by us under the
guidance of my supervisor(s).
a. The work has not been submitted to any other Institute for any degree or diploma.

b. We have followed the guidelines provided by the Institute in preparing the report.

c. We have conformed to the norms and guidelines given in the Ethical Code of
Conduct of the Institute.
d. Whenever we have used materials (data, theoretical analysis, figures, and text) from
other sources, we have given due credit to them by citing them in the text of the report
and giving their details in the references.

Name and Signature of Project Team Members:

Sr. Enrollment No. Name of students Signature of

No. students
1. 0832IT211050 Rashi Vishwakarma

2. 0832IT211053 Roshan Solanki

3. 0832IT211067 Vivek Sharma

4. 0832IT211068 Yash Surma

I
 CHAMELI DEVI GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS, INDORE

CERTIFICATE
Certified that the Major project report entitle “TravelEase (The Travel Planner App)” is a
Bonafede work done under my guidance Rashi Vishwakarma, Roshan Solanki, Vivek Sharma,
Yash Surma in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of Bachelor of
Technology in Information Technology.

Date:

(Prof Namrata Vijayvargiya)

Guide

(Prof. Radheshyam Acholiya) (Prof. Salil Bhatnagar)

Head of the Department Project Coordinator

(Dr. Manish Shrivastava) ( )

(Principal CDGI) (External)

II
 CHAMELI DEVI GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS , INDORE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We have immense pleasure in expressing our sincerest and deepest sense of gratitude towards
our guide Prof. Namrata Vijayvargiya for the assistance, valuable guidance and co- operation
in carrying out this Project work. We are developing this project with the help of Faculty
members of our institute and we are extremely grateful to all of them. We also take this
opportunity to thank Head of the Department Prof. Radheshyam Acholiya, and Principal of
Chameli Devi Group of Institutions Dr. Manish Shrivastava, for providing the required
facilities for the project work. We are greatly thankful to our parents, friends and faculty
members for their motivation, guidance and help whenever needed.

Name and Signature of Team Members:

1. Rashi Vishwakarma ……………………………..

2. Roshan Solanki ………………………………….

3. Vivek Sharma……………………………………

4. Yash Surma………………………………………

III
 List of Symbols

Actor can easily

Actor communicate or use
the utility of the user
task.

Rectangle Box The rectangle box indicate

the process.

The diamond box is the

Diamond Box
representation of
making decision.

This will indicate the process

End Circle
has been ended.

This will indicate the process

Start circle
has been started.

IV
 List of Figures

Fig 1.1 Agile Methodology

Fig 3.1 Use case Diagram
Fig 3.2 Activity Diagram
Fig 3.3 E-R Diagram
Fig 3.4 Class Diagram
Fig 3.5 Sequence Diagrams
Fig 3.6 Data Flow Diagram
Fig 3.7 System Architecture

V
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENTS Page No.

Title Page
Declaration I
Certificate by the Supervisor II
Acknowledgement III
List of Symbols IV
List of Figures V
List of Tables VI
Abstract VIII
Chapter 1: Introduction 1
1.1 Rationale 1
1.2 Goal 2
1.3 Objective 2
1.4 Methodology 2
1.5 Role 4
1.6 Contribution of Project 5
1.6.1 Market Potential 5
1.6.2 Innovativeness 5
1.6.3 Usefulness 5
1.7 Report Organization 5
Chapter 2: System Features 6
2.1 Functional Requirement Collection 6
2.1.1 Distributed Database or Client Server Model 7
2.2 Non-Functional Requirement 7
2.2.1 Performance Requirement 8
2.2.2 Safety Requirement 8
2.2.3 Security Requirement 8
2.2.4 Software Quality Attributes 8
2.3 External Interface Requirement 9
2.3.1 User Interface 9
2.3.2 Hardware Interface 10
2.3.3 Software Interface 10
2.3.4 Communication Interface 10

VI
Chapter 3: Analysis & Design 11
3.1 Use-case Diagrams 11
3.2 Activity Diagrams 12
3.3 E-R Diagram 13
3.4 Class Diagrams 14
3.5 Sequence Diagrams 15
3.6 Data Flow Diagram 16
3.7 System Architecture 17
Chapter 4: Construction 18
4.1 Implementation 18
4.1.1 Implementation Details 18
4.1.2 Database Tables 22
4.2 Testing 22
4.2.1 White Box Testing 23
4.2.2 Black Box Testing 23
4.2.3 Test Cases 24
Chapter 5: Conclusion 26
Chapter 6: Future Scope 28
References 32

VII
 Abstract

Today’s world is all about technology different fields of work and organizations are shifting
towards the technology and prefer to have an online and automated systems for them to relay
on. Many Governments organization have gained successful response from the online mode
of governance, many Hospitals and Research centers works on total automated and online
systems and one of the most important EDUCATION fields has also seen technology as a
helpful tool to access the education to all individuals with ease.

In this emerging era of technology TravelEase holds a contributive part in the education field
particularly in the technological aspects. TravelEase will able to help the learners wanting to
take a dive in development world of websites with religious tourism they will not able to
learn only how to design and develop the webpages but also it will help to improve their
skills.

TravelEase is an online mobile Application which helps to write code for a webpage in all
three languages at one time.

The tool has a very vivid market potential and can be contributive asset to our education
field.

VIII
 Chapter 1

Introduction
● TravelEase helps users plan trips by providing destination info, travel costs,
and itinerary suggestions.
● The app serves travelers needing an organized, all-in-one travel planning tool.

● It aims to simplify travel planning with expense

estimation, destination highlights, and personalized
suggestions.
● This document is for developers, project managers, and stakeholders.

● TravelEase is a mobile and web app offering travel info,

itineraries, and cultural insights to enhance user travel experiences.
This chapter gives an overview about the aim, objectives, background and operationenvironment of
the system.

1.1 Rationale
TravelEase comes along with a purpose to deliver a proper platform to the users to
livea much better and enthusiastic experience to code and learn in their initial stage
of Mobile Application.

There are various basic obstacle which come along the journey of Mobile
Application so to overcome that obstacle TravelEase is introduced with the feature
like editor we can code and have a result on the same screen and in the editor we can
code in all three language simultaneously.

We have developed our project under the category of “Mobile Application” by which
user around the globe can have easy access to TravelEase with a simple web
browser.

1.2 Goal
The ultimate goal of TravelEase is to provide a platform to the user which is
“CONVENIENT-EFFECTIVE-PRODUCTIVE” by which they rely the

1
learning of React Native.

2
1.3 Objectives
The main aim and objectives of TravelEase are as follows :
● Discover Destinations: Search for your favorite spots and let TravelEase
recommend nearby attractions you might love.
● Plan Your Stay: Choose how many days you'd like to spend at each destination.

● Multi-access Planner: Add several destinations and watch as the app builds a
comprehensive travel roadmap for your journey.
● Explore Culture & Street Food: Get a taste of the local culture and discover the best
street food hotspots at every destination, so you can immerse yourself fully.

1.4 Methodology
Agile Methodology

The Agile methodology is a practice that encourages continuous development and

testing throughout the software development lifecycle of a project. Unlike the
Waterfall methodology, the Agile methodology allows for parallel development and
testing.

Agile methodologies attempt to produce the proper product through small cross
functional self organizing- teams that produce small pieces of functionality on a
regular basis, allowing for frequent customer input and course correction as needed.
In doing so, Agile tries to that traditional "waterfall" methodologies of delivering
huge products over extended periods of time encounter, such as client requirements
changing frequently and resulting in the delivery of incorrect products.

Stages of Agile Methodology

Agile development is not that tough when broken down to its core concepts. While
the number of meetings involved may appear unnecessary, it saves a lot of time by
optimizing development tasks and avoiding the errors that can occur during the
planning stage.

3
 Phase 1: Requirement Gathering
● Stakeholder Interviews: Engage with potential users, stakeholders, and travel
experts to understand their needs and expectations from the app.
● Competitive Analysis: Analyze existing travel apps to identify features that are
essential and areas for improvement.
● Objective Definition: Based on stakeholder feedback, define the core objectives
(e.g., Destination planning, cost estimation, personalized experiences).

Phase 2: Concepactual Design

● App Structure: Define the flow of the app, the navigation scheme (menu, tabs), and
where each feature will be placed.
● User Flows: Map out user journeys for key tasks, such as "Plan a trip," "View cost
estimates," and "Leave feedback."
● Data Flow Diagrams: Illustrate how data will flow through the system, from the user
inputs to the back-end processing and database interactions.

Phase 3:Visual Design

● Style Guide: Define the visual language of the app, including colors, fonts, button
styles, iconography, and overall theme.
● High-Fidelity Mockups: Include screens such as homepage, trip planner, cost
estimator, feedback system, and attractions overview.
● Interactive Prototype: Create an interactive prototype that mimics the actual user
experience.

Phase :4 Technical Design

● Database Design: Design the database schema to store user data, trip details, feedback,
and cost estimates.
● API Design: Design RESTful APIs that will connect the frontend with the backend for
fetching destination data, processing user input, calculating costs, and handling feedback.
● Performance Optimization: Plan for optimal performance by minimizing load times,
compressing images, and using caching for frequently accessed data (e.g., popular
destinations, review.

4
 that developed during the previous phases, and the Product Owner considers their suggestions.

Fig 1.1: Agile Methodology

1.5 Role
The role of individual members in each phase of software development are listed below.

Name Role Responsibility

Project Manager & Manages project timelines.

Rashi Vishwakarma Backend Developer

Roshan Solanki Project Manager & BackendDesign wireframes and

Developer create a consistent, UI

Vivek Sharma Full-Stack Developer Implement frontend-

backend communication

Yash Surma Content Curator & Testing Research and gather

Lead travel-related content,
conduct testing

5
1.6 Contribution of the Project
1.6.1 Market potential
● There's a growing demand for personalized travel solutions that help users manage trips
more efficiently while offering cultural insights.
● Millennials and frequent travelers are key target audiences looking for a comprehensive
travel planning experience.
● With the rise of digital solutions, more travelers are relying on apps for convenience,
personalized itineraries, and cost-effective planning, creating a strong demand for
TravelEase.

1.6.2 Innovativeness
● From the existing and some similar platform we have tried to put all the services at one
place.
● TravelEase app include a very unique feature of CSS , and user friendly features.

1.6.3 Usefulness
● Provides users with an effective and efficient way to identify their destination.
● Prioritizes a well-designed and user-friendly interface.
● Provide estimate cost.

1.7 Report Organization

● Purpose: It introduces the topic of the project. It also contains the entry level guide of all
the functionalities in the project and their use.
● Rationale: The set of reasons and the logical course of action along with the principles
employed are also mentioned in this section.
● Abstract: A brief summary of a research done, review and in-depth analysis of a particular
subject and is often used to help the reader quickly the purpose of the project.
● Goal: Project goal describes the projects impact: the long-term effects that should (also) be
triggered. This reveals that the intended results at this higher level are in the main not
concrete, nor can they be exclusively attributed to this project.

6
 Chapter 2

System features

It includes the process of determining user expectations for a new or modified website. These
features, called requirements are relevant and detailed. Requirements Analysis define what
the software is supposed to do. The software requirements enable users and serve as the basis
for all the future design, coding, and testing that will be done on the project Requirements are
further defined through performance, look and feel, and other criteria.

1. Cost and Time Estimation: Provide accurate estimates of travel costs,

accommodation, and sightseeing times for each destination.

2. Discover Key Attractions: Highlight must-visit spots, local culture, and hidden gems
at every destination.

3. Cultural & Famous Food Insights: Offer users detailed guides on the local
culture, traditions, and the best street food at each destination.

4. Personalized Travel Experience: Suggest optimal travel and sightseeing times,

helping users make the most of their trip.

5. User Feedback System: Collect feedback from users about their travel
experiences, improving future suggestions for other travelers.

6. Road-map Feature: Generate a complete travel roadmap, organizing the trip from
start to finish with well-planned routes, attractions, and travel information.

2.1 Functional Requirement Collection

1. Multi-Place Planning:

○ The app must allow users to select and plan trips to multiple destinations in
one itinerary.
○ Users should be able to modify or remove destinations from the trip plan.

7
 2. Cost and Time Estimation:

○ The app should calculate and display travel costs, including

accommodation, transportation, and other expenses.

○ Provide real-time estimates for travel durations between destinations.

3. Discover Key Attractions:

○ The app should offer information on key attractions for each destination,
including sightseeing spots, landmarks, and local experiences.

○ Filter attractions based on categories like adventure, culture, or relaxation.

2.2 Non-Functional Requirement

1. Performance:

○ The app should load within 2 seconds on average across all devices and networks.

○ Handle up to 10,000 concurrent users without degradation in performance.

2. Scalability:

○ The app should be saleable to accommodate increasing numbers of users

and destinations without impacting functionality.

○ The database must support growing data, including user profiles, feedback,
and travel plans.

3. Security:
○ Implement authentication (e.g., JWT, OAuth) to protect user accounts.

○ Ensure secure payment methods for any financial transactions.

4. Reliability:

○ The app should have 99.9% uptime, ensuring availability even during peak times.

○ Automated backups must be scheduled regularly to prevent data loss.

8
 2.2.1 Performance Requirement

Performance requirements can be defined as how well the system performs certain functions
under specific conditions. Like many other attributes the performance requirement is a key
element in designing the system. The performance requirements should be clearly mentioned
so that it does not affect the performance of the system and does not create any issue for the
end user. This will provide some criteria on basis of which you can analyze your project for
the effective outcome.

2.2.2 Safety Requirement

The safety requirements are specified so as to low down the risk. The safety requirements are
those requirements that are defined for the purpose of risk reduction. The safety requirements
are provided by means of safety functions give at the designing time.

● Safety of a system like SRS is of paramount importance for the acceptance of this kind of
assistive technology and also is one of the main requirements, furthermore stipulated by
related directives and standards.

2.2.3 Security Requirement

Security requirement include the preferred strategy for resolving forgotten passwords, expiring
inactive sessions, etc. Traditionally security issues are first considered during the Design
phase of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC).

● The TravelEase system is designed with fully authenticated system.One time password
and encrypted password protection is enabled.

2.2.4 Software Quality attributes

Software Quality Attributes are the features that facilitate the measurement of performance of a
software product and include attributes such as availability, interoperability, correctness,

9
System Features 10 reliability, learnability, robustness, maintainability, readability,
extensibility, testability, efficiency, and portability. High scores of Software Quality
Attributes enables the software architects to guarantee that a software application will
perform the task as per the specifications provided by the client.

● Travel-ease is an mobile application accessible platform by which any one can use it
and available to the whole world.
● Whole project is made up using MERN stack which include MongoDB,
ExpressJS, ReactJS, NodeJS.

2.3 External Interface Requirement

The external interface requirement ensures that the system will interact properly with the external
environment.

2.3.1 User Interface

The user interface describes the characteristics of each interface for user. The proper
constraints on the layout, the font style, font size and some of the shortcut keys are the way to
deal with the user interface.
● Editor allow user to write code and run the code at same time in HTML, CSS,and
JS simultaneously.
● Practice mode allow user to practice the task and check the accuracy.

● Gallery section will contain the projects made by different user which can
beseen globally.
● Batted Mode provide the same window as the practice mode but here two
userscan compete with each other.
● Log in and Sign up section allow user to enter the landing page and to
createan account.

10
 2.3.2 Hardware Interface
It describes the characteristics of interface between the software and the hardware components.
● Processor with more than or equivalent speed of 533MHz and least two cores maybe
of single or multiple thread.
● Free memory up-to 2 gigabytes (Max 15 tabs).

● Disc space min. 1 gigabyte.(for web browser)

● Computer based peripheral machine.

2.3.3 Software Interface

It describes the services needed by the external software components and the nature of the
intercomponent communications. It helps to identify the data that will be shared across the
software components.

● Integrated Development Environment (VS code).

● NodeJS runtime environment (higher than v12.0 LTS).

● MongoDB v6.0(Compass).

● NPM modules(React , JS , Express).

● Browsers with JavaScript engine (V8, SpiderMonkey , Chakra ,etc).

2.3.4 Communication Requirement

It helps to state the requirements for the various communication functions that the product will
use which includes various protocols and electronic forms. The interface helps to specify
various interface related issues so as to make the communication effective.

● TravelEase is a mobile application so there is no particular way of communication but

user can contact us via email.

11
 Chapter 3

Analysis and Design

Software analysis and design includes all activities, which help the transformation of requirement
specification into implementation. Requirement specifications specify all functional and non-
functional expectations from the software. These requirement specifications come in the
shape of human readable and understandable documents, to which a computer has nothing to
do. Software analysis and design is the intermediate stage, which helps human-readable
requirements to be transformed into actual code.

3.1 Use Case Diagram

In the Unified Modeling Language (UML), a use case diagram can summarize the details of
your system's users (also known as actors) and their interactions with the system. To build
one, you'll use a set of specialized symbols and connectors. An effective use case diagram
can help your team discuss and represent.

Fig 3.1 Use case diagram

12
3.2 Activity Diagram

Activity Diagrams describe how activities are coordinated to provide a service which can be
at different levels of abstraction. Typically, an event needs to be achieved by some operations,
particularly where the operation is intended to achieve a number of different things that
require coordination, or how the events in a single use case relate to one another, in particular,
use cases where activities may overlap and require coordination. It is also suitable for
modeling how a collection of use cases coordinate to represent business workflows.

Fig 3.2 Activity Diagram

13
3.2 E-R Diagram

An Entity Relationship (ER) Diagram is a type of flowchart that illustrates how “entities”
such as people, objects or concepts relate to each other within a system. ER Diagrams are
most often used to design or debug relational databases in the fields of software engineering,
business information systems, education and research. Also known as ERDs or ER Models,
they use a defined set of symbols such as rectangles, diamonds, ovals and connecting lines to
depict the interconnectedness of entities, relationships and their attributes. They mirror
grammatical structure, with entities as nouns and relationships as verbs.

Fig 3.3 ER diagram

14
3.4 Class Diagram

Class diagram is a static diagram. It represents the static view of an application. Class diagram is
not only used for visualizing, describing, and documenting different aspects of a system but also
for constructing executable code of the software application. Class diagram describes the attributes
and operations of a class and also the constraints imposed on the system. The class diagrams are
widely used in the modeling of objectiveness systems because they are the only UML diagrams,
which can be mapped directly with object-oriented languages.

Class diagram shows a collection of classes, interfaces, associations, collaborations, and

constraints. It is also known as a structural diagram.

Fig 3.4 Class Diagram

15
3.5 Sequence Diagrams

This diagram illustrates the interactions between various components or objects in a sequential
manner. In your case, it will depict the flow of interactions when a user interacts with the AI-Chat
feature.

Fig 3.5 Sequence Diagram

16
3.6 Data Flow Diagram

A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) visually represents the flow of data within the TravelEase system. It
shows how data moves between different components, including users, processes, and databases.

Fig 3.6 Data Flow Diagram

17
3.7 System Architecture

System Architecture describes the structure of the TravelEase application and how different
components interact.

Fig 3.7 System Architecture

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 Chapter 4

Construction
Software analysis and design is a critical phase in the software development lifecycle that
bridges the gap between requirement specification and implementation. It encompasses all the
necessary activities to convert abstract user requirements into a structured and practical
software architecture. The process begins with the analysis of requirement specifications,
which detail both functional and non-functional expectations of the system—such as
performance, usability, reliability, and security. These specifications are typically presented
in natural language, understandable to stakeholders but not directly interpretable by
machines. Through techniques like use-case modeling, data flow diagrams (DFDs), entity-
relationship diagrams (ERDs), and system architecture design, the analysis and design phase
translates these textual descriptions into structured models and blueprints. These models
guide developers in creating well-organized, efficient, and scalable code. As such, software
analysis and design serve as an essential intermediate stage, ensuring that human-readable
requirements are systematically converted into technically sound and maintainable
implementations.

4.1 Implementation

This section outlines the implementation details of the TravelEase application, highlighting
the technologies, tools, and architecture that were employed during development. The
application follows a three-tier architecture, comprising the frontend (client-side
interface), backend (server-side logic), and database (persistent data storage) layers.

Frontend: The user interface is developed using modern web technologies such as HTML5,
CSS3, JavaScript, and frameworks like React.js for creating dynamic, responsive, and
interactive web pages. It ensures an intuitive user experience for travelers planning their
trips.

Backend: The server-side logic is implemented using Node.js with Express.js framework,
enabling RESTful API development and efficient handling of client requests. It acts as a
bridge between the frontend and the database, managing data retrieval, validation,
authentication, and business logic.

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Database Integration: For data persistence, the application uses a MongoDB database,
which offers a flexible, document-oriented structure ideal for storing user data, travel plans,
reviews, and other dynamic content. Mongoose ORM is used for schema modeling and data
manipulation.

In addition to these core components, the system includes authentication mechanisms,

security protocols, and cloud hosting services to ensure the TravelEase application is
secure, scalable, and accessible across various devices and platforms.

4.1.1 Implementation Details

● Technologies & Tools Used

➔ Frontend: ReactJS (for web) and React Native (for mobile)

➔ Backend: Node.js with Express.js (for handling requests and responses)

➔ Database: MongoDB (for storing user and trip data)

➔ Hosting & Deployment: Firebase (for mobile) and AWS/Heroku (for web)

● System Architecture
➔ Presentation Layer (Frontend):

1. Developed using ReactJS and React Native

2. Handles user interface and interactions

3. Communicates with the backend via API calls

➔ Application Layer (Backend):

1. Built using Node.js and Express.js

2. Stores user information, trip details, and feedback data

3. Handles user authentication, trip planning, and cost estimation

➔ Data Layer (Database):

1. Uses MongoDB as a NoSQL database

2. Stores user information, trip details, and feedback data

3. Ensures data integrity and security

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➔ Output’s :

21
22
23
4.1.2 Database Tables

The TravelEase application uses MongoDB as its database. The main tables (collections) are
as follows:

● Database Schema

Table Name Field (Column) Name Data Type Description

users user_id (Primary Key) INT Unique User ID

name VARCHAR Full Name

email VARCHAR User Email (Unique)

password VARCHAR Hashed Password

created_at TIMESTAMP Registration Date

trips trip_id (Primary Key) INT Unique Trip ID

user_id (Foreign Key) INT Associated User ID

destination VARCHAR Travel Location
start_date DATE Trip Start Date

end_date DATE Trip End Date

budget DECIMAL Estimated Budget
feedback feedback_id (Primary Key) INT Unique Feedback ID

user_id (Foreign Key) INT Associated User ID

comments TEXT User Feedback

rating INT User Rating (1-5)

4.2 Testing
Testing ensures that the TravelEase application functions correctly and meets user expectations. It
includes both White Box Testing (internal code testing) and Black Box Testing (external
functional testing).

24
4.2.1 White Box Testing

White Box Testing focuses on the internal structure and logic of the application. Developers
examine the code, logic, and control flow to identify potential issues.

Test Case ID Test Scenario Expected Output Actual Output Status

WBT_001 User Login Authenticates Authenticated ✅ Pass

Function correctly

WBT_002 Cost Calculation Returns correct Correct output ✅ Pass

Algorithm estimation

WBT_003 Database Query Retrieves data Fetched in 1.5 ✅ Pass

Optimization within 2 sec sec

4.2.2 Black Box Testing

Black Box Testing examines the application's functionality without looking at the internal code.

Test Case ID Test Scenario Input Expected Output Actual Output Status

BBT_001 Login with Correct User logs in Success ✅ Pass

valid email &
credentials password

BBT_002 Login with Wrong Error message Error displayed ✅ Pass

invalid password
credentials

BBT_003 Plan Trip with No Show error Error displayed ✅ Pass

missing fields destination message
selected

25
4.2.3 Test Cases

The following table contains test cases covering multiple features of TravelEase.

● Overall Test Cases

Test Case ID Feature Test Steps Expected Output Actual Output Status

TC_001 User 1. Open app 2. Account created Account ✅

Registration Enter details 3. created Pass

Click Register

TC_002 User Login 1. Enter email Dashboard opens Dashboard ✅

& password 2. opened Pass

Click Login

TC_003 Plan Trip 1. Select Trip saved Trip saved ✅

destination 2. Pass

Click "Plan
Trip"

TC_004 Cost 1. Enter travel Estimated cost Cost displayed ✅

Estimation details 2. Click shown Pass

"Calculate"

TC_005 Feedback 1. Enter review Feedback saved Feedback saved ✅

Submission 2. Click Pass

Submit

26
 Chapter 5: Conclusion

 Achievements and Successes: The development of the waste sorting and recycling
application stands as a significant achievement in promoting environmental sustainability
through technology. The primary objective of creating a functional, user-friendly, and
innovative mobile application was successfully met. The app empowers users to adopt
environmentally conscious behaviors by educating them on proper waste disposal practices,
differentiating between recyclable and non-recyclable materials, and encouraging
responsible waste management. It fosters a sense of community engagement through features
like local recycling centers, leaderboard challenges, and awareness campaigns. Overall, the
project achieved its mission of combining technology and sustainability to drive meaningful
social and environmental change.

 Functional Image Recognition System: A working prototype capable of identifying

common waste materials using machine learning techniques.

 User-Friendly Design: A clean and intuitive interface designed with accessibility in

mind, ensuring users of all ages can navigate the app with ease.

 Educational Content: Integration of informative resources and tips that raise awareness
on proper recycling practices.

 Gamification Elements: Implementation of a point-based reward system and

leaderboards to encourage continued user engagement and eco-friendly behavior.

 Community Building: Introduction of features that promote local events, community

clean-ups, and partnerships with nearby recycling centers.

 Challenges and Lessons Learned: Throughout the project lifecycle, several challenges
arose, each offering valuable lessons. One of the major technical challenges was the
integration of image recognition technology, which required extensive training of machine
learning models to accurately identify various waste materials. Ensuring real-time
performance and high accuracy under varying lighting and object conditions was demanding.
Additionally, managing the project timeline and coordinating tasks among team members
presented project management hurdles, especially when aligning development, testing, and
deployment phases. These experiences highlighted the importance of agile methodologies
effective communication, and regular iteration to overcome obstacles and maintain progress.

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 User Feedback and Impact: During testing and post-deployment phases, feedback
from users and stakeholders was instrumental in evaluating the app's effectiveness. Many
users appreciated the intuitive interface, real-time scanning feature, and the educational
content embedded within the app. Several users reported an increased awareness of recycling
practices and found the app motivating due to its gamification elements like rewards and
badges. Stakeholders also noted the app's potential for collaboration with local municipalities
and environmental organizations. The positive reception validated the app's usability and
underscored its potential to make a lasting impact on users’ recycling habits. We also
acknowledge the invaluable feedback and support provided by stakeholders, testers, and
users, whose insights helped shape the final product. Their contributions played a vital role
in turning this vision into reality.

 Future Enhancements and Opportunities: Looking ahead, the application offers

numerous opportunities for enhancement. Based on user feedback, future versions could
include features such as multilingual support, location-based recycling guides, personalized
eco-tips, and integration with smart home systems for automated waste categorization.
Expansion into new geographical markets and partnerships with educational institutions,
NGOs, or municipal bodies could further amplify the app’s reach and effectiveness.
Additionally, incorporating advanced AI algorithms and cloud-based analytics could provide
users and communities with deeper insights into their waste habits and environmental
contributions.

 Acknowledgments and Appreciation: The success of this project would not have been
possible without the hard work, dedication, and support of many individuals and
organizations. Heartfelt gratitude is extended to all team members whose collaborative spirit
and technical expertise brought the application to life. Sincere thanks to our mentors,
academic guides, and technical advisors for their guidance and encouragement throughout
the project journey. We also acknowledge the invaluable feedback and support provided by
stakeholders, testers, and users, whose insights helped shape the final product. Their
contributions played a vital role in turning this vision into reality.

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 Chapter 6: Future Scope

As the world continues to grapple with environmental challenges, the role of technology in
promoting sustainable behavior becomes increasingly vital. The waste sorting and recycling
application developed in this project presents a solid foundation for ongoing innovation and
impact. This chapter outlines the potential future enhancements and strategic directions the
app can take to evolve into a more intelligent, engaging, and far-reaching platform.

6.1 Advanced Image Recognition

One of the key technological pillars of the app is its image recognition system, which can be
greatly enhanced in future iterations:

 Deep Learning Models: Integrate more advanced deep learning architectures such as
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), YOLO (You Only Look Once), or
EfficientNet to significantly boost object detection accuracy and real-time performance.

 Larger and Diverse Datasets: Train the model using a broader dataset that includes
thousands of waste item images in different lighting, angles, and conditions, making the
system more robust in real-world scenarios.

 On-Device AI Optimization: Use frameworks like TensorFlow Lite or CoreML to

make the image recognition feature more responsive and usable even without constant
internet access.

 Continuous Learning: Implement user-assisted learning where users can correct the
app’s predictions and contribute to an evolving, self-improving model.

6.2 Personalization and Customization

To enhance user retention and encourage consistent usage, the app can offer personalized
experiences:

 User Profiles & Eco Scores: Introduce user dashboards showing personal recycling
statistics, trends, and impact reports.

 Goal-Setting Features: Allow users to set weekly or monthly recycling goals and track
their progress.

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 Behavior-Based Recommendations: Suggest content, articles, or eco-tips based on
users’ habits, scanned items, and interests.

 Gamified Rewards System: Expand the rewards ecosystem to include eco-points,

virtual trophies, or discounts on sustainable products.

 Adaptive Interface: Customize the app’s theme, notifications, and layout based on user
preferences, accessibility needs, or location.

6.3 Augmented Reality (AR) Integration

 Virtual Sorting Simulation: Use AR to allow users to practice sorting virtual items into
appropriate bins placed in their real environment.

 Educational AR Modules: Provide interactive lessons on waste types, decomposition

times, and recycling myths using AR overlays.

 Gamified AR Challenges: Introduce AR-based mini-games where users earn points by

correctly identifying and sorting virtual waste items.

 Recycling Bin Scanning: Allow users to scan their physical recycling area and receive
suggestions or feedback based on what they see.

6.4 Community Engagement and Collaboration

Fostering community participation can amplify the app’s impact and promote a culture of
shared responsibility:

 Social Features: Enable users to share their recycling achievements on a social feed or
invite friends to participate in challenges.

 Virtual & Real-World Events: Organize events like global “Green Weeks,” virtual
clean-up drives, or city-wide recycling competitions.

 Local Partnerships: Collaborate with local environmental NGOs, recycling centers,

and schools to co-host awareness campaigns.

 User-Generated Content: Encourage users to contribute blogs, recycling tips, or eco-

ideas to a community content hub within the app.

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6.5 Expansion to New Markets and Regions

To increase the app’s global impact, expanding beyond the initial target area is crucial:

 Localization and Language Support: Add multi-language support, including regional

dialects, to cater to diverse user bases.

 Cultural Customization: Adapt the app’s content and recycling guidelines to match
local customs, waste management rules, and regulations.

 Offline Mode for Remote Areas: Provide limited offline functionality for users in rural
or low-connectivity regions.

 Collaborative Mapping: Use crowdsourcing to map local recycling centers, pick-up

services, and composting facilities in different cities.

6.6 Integration with Smart Devices and IoT

To align with the future of smart homes and cities, the app could integrate with IoT
technologies:

 Smart Bin Integration: Partner with manufacturers of smart bins to sync waste sorting
data and track recycling performance automatically.

 Voice Assistant Compatibility: Enable compatibility with voice assistants like Alexa,
Siri, or Google Assistant for hands-free tips and waste identification.

 Wearable Notifications: Provide eco-reminders or recycling stats through

smartwatches or wearable tech for increased user interaction.

6.7 Sustainability Metrics and Reporting

To empower users with knowledge of their personal environmental impact:

 Carbon Footprint Tracker: Introduce a feature that estimates the carbon emissions
saved through each user’s recycling efforts.

 Global Impact Visualization: Let users view collective contributions from the
community via maps, charts, or leaderboards.

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6.8 Educational and Institutional Use Cases

Beyond personal users, the app can evolve into an educational tool:

 Classroom Integration: Create a school version with teacher dashboards, lesson plans,
and student challenges.

 University & Office Programs: Enable group-based features for dormitories,

departments, or offices to track and compete on sustainability.

 Certifications & Badges: Offer digital certificates to users who complete eco-courses
or achieve high sustainability scores.

6.9 Conclusion of Future Scope

The possibilities for evolving this application are vast and exciting. With the right
investments in technology, design, and community partnerships, the app has the potential to
become not just a tool for waste sorting—but a powerful environmental movement
platform that educates, motivates, and mobilizes users at scale. By embracing emerging
technologies and nurturing a strong user community, the app can grow into a globally
recognized initiative that contributes meaningfully to environmental conservation and
sustainability.

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 References

Websites:
 “How Freelance Platforms Are Changing the Job Market.” (2023). Freelancer
Insights. Retrieved from https://www.freelancerinsights.com/changes-in-freelance-
market.

 "The Role of AI in Freelance Platforms." (2022). AI Today.

Retrieved from https://www.aitoday.com/ai-in-freelance-platforms.

Tech Documentation:
 Spring Boot Documentation. (2023). Spring Framework. Retrieved from
https://spring.io/projects/spring-boot.

 ReactJS Documentation. (2023). ReactJS. Retrieved from

https://reactjs.org/docs/gettingstarted.html.

Security References:
 O'Reilly, T. (2020). Secure Your Freelance Platform. O'Reilly Media.

 Bogan, J., & Lee, M. (2019). “Data Encryption in Freelance Platforms.” Journal
of Cybersecurity, 11(1), 15-22.

Payment Gateway Integration:

 “How to Integrate Payment Gateways.” (2022). Tech Blog.

 Retrieved from https://www.techblog.com/payment-gateway-integration.

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 Appendix-A

This section includes the visual representation of the system's architecture, showing how
various components of Craft Connect interact. The diagram should include:

 Front-end: User interface, client-side interactions.

 Backend: Server-side processes, databases, and APIs.

 Database: Tables for user data, projects, bids, transactions, etc.

 AI Services: Integration of AI for vetting and search algorithms.

 Security Features: Encryption, secure payment.

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 Appendix-B

This appendix presents the detailed schema for the database used in Craft Connect, including
tables and relationships. It could include the following tables:

 Users Table: Stores user information like name, email, password hash, user type
(freelancer or client), and profile details.

 Projects Table: Stores details of the projects posted by clients (project title, description,
budget, etc.).

 Bids Table: Stores bid data from freelancers, linking freelancers to projects.

 Transactions Table: Stores information about payments made for projects.

 Ratings Table: Stores ratings given by clients and freelancers.

35