How to Describe an IELTS Writing Task 1 Bar Chart

£Start with an introduction. The introduction explains what the chart is about, and gives an overview of the main points.
The easiest way is to paraphrase the question!
£ Look for the key data and make sure that you are comparing and contrasting the data, NOT just listing the data from
one section to the next.
£ In the body paragraphs, make sure that you show the connection between the pie charts and the graph or bar chart rather
than just listing the data from each separately. Focus on similarities and differences. This means that you don’t have to
describe everything that you see in the bar chart, just the key points!
£ Group the data together so that you have a well-organized and coherent answer. It is a good idea to divide your answer
into two or three paragraphs so it is well organized. To do this, you should group similar ideas together into paragraphs or
sections.
£ Use a wide variety of sentence structures. Include complex sentences and simple sentences. It is equally important
to use appropriate transitions between describing each data point. Always provide a short summary conclusion of what
you included in your essay. Finally, make sure that you have written 150 words.

Paragraph 1 – Introduction
Paragraph 2 – Overview
Paragraph 3 – 1st main feature (Select the main features;Write about the main features; Compare the main features.) (What
information do the 2 axes give?Is it dynamic or static?What are the units of measurements?What are the time periods?What
can you learn from the title and any labels? What is the most obvious trend?Are there any notable similarities?)
Paragraph 4 – 2nd main feature

1. Introduction:1 ~ 2 sentences, paraphrase the information from your question:

 what your graph shows; for what period of time;
The bar chart shows the divorce rates in two European countries from 2011 to 2015.

Introduction: C The bar chart provides information about the percentages of divorces in Finland and Sweden between
2011 and 2015.
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2. General Overview: briefly describe major trends on your graph. Ideally, you should describe 2-4 key features.
C Sweden experienced a downward trend C Finland experienced an upward trend
C both countries showed fluctuations C Initially Finland had a lower rate, but in 2015 Finland outraced Sweden
Overall, Sweden experienced a downward trend, while Finland showed an upward trend throughout the period. Both
countries' divorce rates had some fluctuations. Although Finland initially had a lower rate, it outraced Sweden at the end
of the period.
3. Specific details
Details about Sweden:
Sweden’s divorce rate was about 45% in 2011, being higher than Finland’s rate by approximately 8%. Then, it rose to
almost fifty percent in 2012. However, the figure showed a gradual decrease to about 47% in 2013, and continued to
decline steadily to the end of the period, reaching around 45% in 2014 and hitting a low-point of about 37% in 2015.
Details about Finland:
Percentage of divorces in Finland was less than 40% in 2011, and it decreased in 2012, when about one third of marriages
in Finland ended with a divorce (as opposed to almost a half in Sweden). However, the figure experienced a steady growth
during the next two years. It rose to approximately 39% in 2013, then increased by around 3% in 2014, and remained
steady for the next year, outracing the rate of Sweden.

The bar chart below shows the sector contributions to India’s gross domestic product from 1960 to 2000. Contribution
as % of India's GDP

Main feature 1: The contribution of the agricultural sector dropped steadily.

Main feature 2: The contribution of the service sector increased each decade.
Main feature 3: Industry remained static from 1980 to 2000.
The bar graph 1.____________ the relative percentage 2.____________ made by the agricultural, industrial and
service 3.___________ to the Indian economy 4._________________________.
5.___________ the whole time period, the significance of agriculture 6.____________ steadily while services grew in
importance decade by decade. A different pattern emerged for industry, which 7.____________ showed a slowly increasing
percentage but then 8._____________ from 1980 onwards.
In 1960, agriculture 9._____________ by far the highest percentage of GDP, 10.___________ at 62%, but it then
11.____________ in steady increments to well below 12._____________ by 2000. The service sector, on the other hand,
had a relatively 13._________ impact on the economy in 1960. This situation changed 14.____________ at first, then its
percentage contribution 15.___________ from 28% to 43% between 1980 and 1990. By 2000 it matched the high point
reached by agriculture in 1960, 16.__________ a reversal in the overall trends.
Industry 17.____________ a steady contributor to India’s wealth throughout the period. As a sector, it
grew18._____________ from 16% in 1960 to exactly a quarter in 1980 then remained 19.____________for the next two

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decades, maintaining a constant share of the 20.___________ GDP. (188 words)

Exercise 1: The chart below gives information about the number of social networking sites people used in Canada in 2014
and 2015.

Sample A
The bar chart shows the number of social networking sites visiting by internet users in Canada in 2014 and in 2015. We
can see from the data that, in general, there was a grow tendency to use more than one site.
Although just over one fifth of internet users did not use any social networking sites in either of the years, the
proportion in this category decreases from 22 percent in 2014 to 21 percent in 2015. In both years the higher proportion of
users in any group fell into the ‘One site’ category. However, this group declined sharp from 36 percent in 2014 to 28
percent in 2015.
In contrast, the numbers who report using two sites, three sites, four sites and five sites all grew over the period
analysed. In both years the proportion of internet users fell as the number of social networking sites increases, with only 2
percent using five sites in 2014 compare to 4 percent in 2015.

Sample B
The bar charts represented the percentage of people in Canada using multiple social networking sites
for two years include 2014 and 2015.
Overall, about one fifth people living in Canada uses no social networking sites, whereas, approximately
30% Canadians of the total population uses one social networking site in the year 2014 and 2015.
The percentage of people using no social sites decreased insignificantly in 2015. However, 36% of
Canadians use one social networking sites in 2014 and the number decreases in 2015 making approximately
one third of the total population.
In 2014, 23% people used two sites for social networking, which was increased a little bit in 2015 making
about one fourth of the total population. The number of people using three sites increased by 4% in 2015,
which constitutes 16%. Very few people used four sites in 2014 for social networking, which slightly
increased in 2015 making only 8%. Only 2% Canadians used five sites for social networking which was
increased by only 2% in the year 2015.

Exercise 2

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The charts give information about two genres of TV programmes watched by men and women and four different age groups
in Australia.

The charts ___________ information about the genres of TV programmes that Australian men and women and
__________ age groups watch. It is clear from the charts that women tend to watch ________ television than man
___________, although they watch slightly _______ game shows. The people who watch the _________ television are in
the 45+ age group.
Nearly _______ of women watch reality shows, which is almost _________ as many as the percentage of men who
choose this ________ of programme. Nevertheless, most age groups watch __________ reality shows than game shows
__________ that game shows are generally __________ popular than reality shows.
The percentage of people watching reality shows increases __________ from ages 16 to 45 with
the __________ percentage of viewers, at just _______ 50% of the age group 16-24 and the __________ percentage, at
68% of the over-45s.
_____________, the pattern is different for game shows. The number of programmes watched by 25- to 44-year-olds
is _________ lower than the number watched by 16- to 24-year-olds and those over 45. Just over 50% of 16- to 24-year-
olds watch game shows, but this share is not _______ high as the share of people aged 45 and over watching game shows,
at ___________70%. Only 41% of 35- to 44-year-olds watch game shows, and the share of 24- to 34-year-olds
is _________ lower at 38%.
Sample B
The bar graphs exhibits male, female and people of various age groups, who watch reality and game shows. The data
has been calibrate in terms of percentage.
Overall, in reality shows, the proportion of females is dominantly while the least for males, which was around 70
percent and 35 percent respective.
It is evidence, in reality shows, people of age group 35 to 44 and more than 45 years have almost an equivalent
proportion, which is about 70 percent, which is followed by a marginal difference of 10 percent for the people of age group
16 to 24 and 25 to 34, who form 50 percent and 60 percent. Moreover, in game shows, male accounted for 60 percent and
female constitute near to 58 percent, which is accompany by the people of age group 16 to 24 and more than 45 years, who
make 50 percent and 70 percent consecutive. Furthermore, people of age group 25 to 34 and 35 to 44 comprises closer to 40
percent and an exact 40 percent according.
Exercise 3: The bar chart below gives information about the number of students studying Computer
Science at a UK university between 2010 and 2012.
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Sample A
The graph reveal the data about the total of pupils learning computer science at a UK University over a
three-year period, from 2010 to 2012. As can be see that boys and girls who were British home and
International students experience upwardly tendency.
With regard to male scholars, there was a dramatically increase in the number of foreign students from a
low of 20 in 2010 to a high of 39 in 2012 without fall number. In contrast, the number of local students
participated computer science decreased dramatically to less than 25 in 2011, meanwhile in the first frame
time the point stand at 39 before it reached a peak at more than 40.
Turn to female pupils, either British home participants or cosmopolitan learners witnessed a rise although
the total of development for each classify student was different. For native students, 2010-2012 saw a
sudden jumping of approximate 15 whilst the number of international lovers of computer science incline
steeply by 6.

Sample B
The bar chart compare the number of male and female students, studied Computer Science in a UK
university from 2010 to 2012. It also indicated whether they were British or international students. As an
overall trendy it is clear that among both genders there was a major of British students throughout the whole
period.
Firstly, in 2010 the number of male students comprising of around 39 British and 20 international students,
whereas in the female group this number consisted of 32 home and 14 international students.
Secondly, in 2011 the different in the numbers of British and international students became even more
noticeably among female students, with 44 British students compared to 18 international. However, among
male students the difference got shorten with only 24 of the 47 students be British.
Lastly, in 2012 the trend remain similar to 2011, however the amount of students increased. For instance
out of 82 male students 38 were international, while for female students only 20 out of 65 were non-British.
In conclusion, throughout the period the disparate of British and International students, was better visible
among female students, however the amount of international students had rise in both gender.
Exercise 4: The chart below gives information about global population percentages and distribution of
wealth by region.

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Main feature 1:
Main feature 2:
Main feature 3:

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Sample A

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The bar graph presented the difference in percentages between population share and wealth share in seven
different region of the world.

Overall, North America, Europe, and Rich Asia-Pacific regions have the higher wealth shares comparing to
their population shares among the seven regions while on the contrary Latin America and Caribbean, Africa,
China, India, and Other Asia-Pacific regions had high population share than wealth share.

In detail, North America amass an astounded wealth share of almost 30% global while Europe and Rich
Asia-Pacific regions following with almost 30% and about 24% wealth shares, respective. With regards to
the wealth share percentages of other regions, India just tallied about 9% and the remain regions only have
than 5% each.

Moreover, population shares in China, Other Asia-Pacific, and India have high percentages than wealth
shares with around 23%, about 18%, and just over 15%, respectively. Furthermore, Europe and Africa have
population shares percentage of 15% for the former region and 10% for the late. Lastly, the three remaining
regions only have population share percentages below 10% each.

Sample B

The chart 1.__________ population shares in various regions of the world with the 2.__________ of wealth
in these same regions. It can be seen that wealth is heavily concentrated in North America, Europe, and high
income Asia-Pacific countries which together 3.__________________ almost 90% of global wealth.

Even though North America has only 4._________________ 6% of the world's population, it boasts nearly
34% of global wealth. A 5. ______________ situation can be seen in Europe, which has 15% of the global
population but 30% of global wealth, and high income Asia-Pacific countries with 5% of the world's
population 6. _________ 24% of its wealth.

In 7. ______________, the overall share of wealth owned by people in Africa, China, India, and other lower
income countries in Asia is 8. _______________ less than their population share, sometimes by a factor of
more than ten. This is most 9. _____________ in India, where 16% of the world's population own only 1%
of the world's wealth and in China, 10.__________ has the 11.____________ percentage of global
population (24%) but only 12. ________of the world's wealth.

approximately highest distribution contrast account for which

3% striking but considerably similar compares

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Exercise 5: The chart below gives information on the percentage of Canadians gave
money to charitable organisations by age range for the years 2000 and 2015.

Main feature 1:
Main feature 2:
Main feature 3:

The chart examines the levels of donation among people of different ages in Canada in 2000 and 2015
respectively.

Overall, a greater proportion of Canadians gave money to charitable organisations in 2000 than in 2015.
However, in terms of trends over time, the donor rate did not change in the same way among all age groups.

In 2000, the proportion of Canadians made charitable donations ranged from a high of 39% in the 35-to-49
age group to a low of 20% in the 18-to-24 age group. By 2015, these figures had fallen significantly to 34%
and 11% respectively. The rate of donors among the population aged 25 to 34 also decreased from 29% in
2000 to 25% in 2015.

While the proportion of donors aged 18 to 49 declined between 2000 and 2015, the trend followed an
opposite direction for older Canadians. For example, among people aged 50 to 64, the share of donors rose
by 4% to nearly 38%, which was the highest percentage for 2015. The figure for older seniors aged 65 and
over was lower than this, at 34%, but it was still a little higher than the 2000 figure of 31%.

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Task 1: The diagrams below show the main reasons workers chose to work from home and the hours males
and females worked at home for the year 2019.

The bar chart illustrate the reasons men and women choose to work from home in 2019.
Overall, save money was the main reason for both males and females (45% and 42% respective). In
contrast, approximate a quarter of males put productivity as a reason, which was twice as higher as the
female response (24% and 11% respectively). For childcare, the pattern was differently again with almost a
quarter of females giving this reason comparing to very few males (4%).
The table shows the hours men and women worked from home in 2019. The vast majority of males
work over 30 hours per week (81%) contrasting with a minor of females (6%) doing similar hours. This
pattern is reversing when examining the under ten hours category with almost three quarters of females
worked this amount compared to only 3% of males. The 10 to 30 hours per week category shows fewer
remarkably differences.
To sum up, it can be seen that men and women do not always give the same reasons for home working
and, in general, men work long hours from home.

Task 2: The charts summarise the weight measurements of people living in Charlestown in 1955 and 2015.

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Sample A
The charts provide an ____________ of the weight issues among the ___________ of the town of
Charlestown in 1955 and in 2015.
In 1955, the youngest age group had the fewest .......... of weight issues, with more than 70% of 20-29-
year-olds being assessed as having a healthy weight. In the same year, excess weight was only a
___________ problem among 40-49-year-olds, 20-30% of whom were __________ as either overweight or
obese. In fact, being underweight was a more significant problem affecting more than twenty .......... of each
age group, and the elderly in particular, with 40% of the over 60s being classified as underweight.
In stark contrast to this, .......... 2015, being underweight was only a problem among 20-29-year olds,
with 20% obtaining this diagnosis, and the number of underweight elderly people had fallen .......... 10%.
The charts clearly show that, in modern times, obesity poses a considerable problem from the age of 30
upwards. In fact, there was a .......... increase in this problem in almost every age group over 29 until the age
of 60, when the vast majority are considered to have an unhealthy weight. It is important to note that, by the
age of 60, less than 50% of each age group was considered to have a perfect weight by the year 2015. This is
a fall .......... 10% compared .......... the same age group in 1955.
When .......... the two years, it is clear that there has been a significant increase .......... the number of
obese people in Charlestown, and there was a general drop .......... the number of underweight people
between 1955 and 2015.

Sample B
The charts provide an analysis of the weight issues among the residents of the town of Charlestown in
1955 and in 2015.
In 1955, the youngest age group had the fewest number of weight issues, with more than 70% of 20-29-
year-olds being assessed as having a healthy weight. In the same year, excess weight was only a significant
problem among 40-49-year-olds, 20-30% of whom were classified as either overweight or obese. In fact,
being underweight was a more significant problem affecting more than twenty percent of each age group,
and the elderly in particular, with 40% of the over 60s being classified as underweight.
In stark contrast to this, in 2015, being underweight was only a problem among 20-29-year olds, with
20% obtaining this diagnosis, and the number of underweight elderly people had fallen to 10%. The charts
clearly show that, in modern times, obesity poses a considerable problem from the age of 30 upwards. In
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fact, there was a steady increase in this problem in almost every age group over 29 until the age of 60, when
the vast majority are considered to have an unhealthy weight. It is important to note that, by the age of 60,
less than 50% of each age group was considered to have a perfect weight by the year 2015. This is a fall of
10% compared to the same age group in 1955.
When comparing the two years, it is clear that there has been a significant increase in the number of
obese people in Charlestown, and there was a general drop in the number of underweight people between
1955 and 2015.

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 How to Describe an IELTS Writing Task 1 Pie Chart
R Structure for all tasks
1. Introduction: Paraphrase the question
2. Overview: Describe the overall trend or write a general overview of the main groupings
3. Body paragraph 1: Write in detail about the first grouping in a logical way
4. Body paragraph 2: Write in detail about the second grouping in a logical way

R Steps to write Pie Chart(s)

1. Analyse the chart(s) and plan how to group the information

2. Write an essay using the recommended essay structure
3. Proofread essay

Example 1: The chart below gives the percentage of social media users by age in Jamestown in 2018.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features.

Age group 13-25: 45%

The first grouping: age groups used
social media more Age group 26-15: 35%
Aged over 55: 2%

The second grouping: age groups Age group 46-55: 10%

used social media less
Age group 36-45: 18%

Introduction: The given pie chart 1._________________ about the proportion of people using digital
networking 2.______________ age group for Jamestown for the year 2018.

Overview: Overall, the 3.__________________ of Jamestown’s social media users during 2018 was that
the older a person was, the less likely they were to use digital networking.

Body paragraph 1: In terms of the 4._________________________ of the chart, the largest category of
digital communicators was the group aged 13 to 25, which accounted for 40% of the total users. In addition,
the 5.__________________________ of the population using social media, was those aged between 26 and
35. This group’s contribution was slightly lower at 35%. Moreover, added together, these two categories
made up more than half of all those who used social media platforms in 2018, in Jamestown. They
accounted for the vast majority of users, 6.___________.

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Body paragraph 2: In 7._______________, the category with the lowest percentage of users, people older
than 55, comprised a tiny 2% of all users. Furthermore, those between 46 and 55 years of age 8.__________
10% and people 9._________________ made up 18 per cent.

[according to most significant feature stark contrast aged 36 to 45 provides information

contributed next important segment general trend at 75% ]

Example 2: The charts below provide information on popular modes of transport in the city of Cambridge
for the years 2008 and 2018.

Cars -> decrease from 42% to 20%

The first grouping
Buses -> decrease from 30% to 25%
Bicycles -> increase from 17% to 30%
The second grouping
Walking -> increase from 11% to 25%

Introduction: The pie charts 1.__________ the popularity of various methods of transportation used in
Cambridge in 2008 and 2018.

Overview: 2.__________, after a decade, the general trend was that Cambridge’s population had moved
away from using motorised vehicles, preferred by 3.________________ in 2008, in favour of human
propulsion, by 2018.

Body paragraph 1: In terms of vehicle transport, in 2008, cars were the 4._____________________ choice,
preferred by 42% of people. This was 5.___________ by bus usage at 30%. Moreover, 72% of people used
either of these forms of transportation. In contrast, over the next decade personal motor vehicle use declined
6.___________ and by 2018 it was the 7.__________________ transport form. On the other hand, the
popularity of buses dropped only 8._____________ by 5%.

Body paragraph 2: However, human propulsion, represented by the cycling and pedestrian categories, was
9.____________ in 2008. Bicycle transport was only chosen by 17% of people and travelling on foot was

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the least popular choice at 11%. Nevertheless, by 2018, cycling and walking had both experienced a 23%
10.___________ in popularity. Their use had more than doubled in popularity.

[the majority overall followed increase least popular

most popular slightly unpopular compare significantly]

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Exercise 1: The pie charts show the main reasons for migration to and from the UK in 2007. Summarize
the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

Sample A [respectively primary noticeably influencing why similar over a quarter illustrate]
The pie charts 1.__________ the 2._________ reasons that people came to and left the UK in 2007. At
first glance it is clear that the main factor 3.____________ this decision was employment.
Having a definite job accounted for 30 per cent of immigration to the UK, and this figure was very
4.__________ for emigration, at 29%. A large number of people, 22%, also emigrated because they were
looking for a job, though the proportion of people entering the UK for this purpose was 5.___________
lower at less than a fifth.
Another major factor influencing a move to the UK was for formal study, with 6.________________ of
people immigrating for this reason. However, interestingly, only a small minority, 4%, left for this.
The proportions of those moving to join a family member were quite similar for immigration and
emigration, at 15% and 13% 7.______________.Although a significant number of people (32%) gave
‘other’ reasons or did not give a reason 8.______ they emigrated, this accounted for only 17% with regards
to immigration. (173 words)
Sample B[composed resulting however given while lead to leading annual contributing who]
The 1.______ pie charts indicate the percentage of various causes that contributed in immigration as
well as emigration of people in year 2007 in U.K. The charts are 2.__________ of six main factors that lead
to 3.__________migration.
At a single glance, employment was the 4._________ cause for total migration. And the least number
of people emigrated for studies from U.K.
More than half of the people migrated for definite job reason, 5.__________ in 30% immigration and
29% of emigration. Also, 12% of people came to U.K. looking for job, 6.________ 22% people left U.K. for
similar reason. The percentage of people in U.K., 7.______ immigrated or emigrated to accompany
someone, was 15% and 13%, respectively.
Furthermore, more than a quarter of individuals moved to U.K. to pursue formal education, whereas,
only 4% left U.K. for education purpose. 8.________, 32% of people gave other or no reason for leaving
U.K. and this percentage for reasons 9.__________ 17% of immigration.
To sum up, employment and formal study were the major 10._____________ factors for immigration

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into U.K. while people emigrated from U.K. looking for a definite job and to look for a job. (186 words)

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Tip 1: Choose the most important points to write about first ---These will be the largest ones.As you can
see in the model answer, definite job, looking for work, and formal study were all written about first, in
order of importance, as these are the main reasons that were chosen for moving.
Tip 2: Make it easy to read---When you write a task 1, you should always group information in a logical
way to make it easy to follow and read. With an IELTS pie chart, the most logical thing to do is usually to
compare categories together across the charts, focusing on similarities and differences, rather than writing
about each chart separately.
Tip 3: Vary your language ---As with any task 1, this is important. You should not keep repeating the same
structures. The key language when you write about pie charts is proportions and percentages.
80% 75% 70% 65% 60% 55%
Four-fifths Three-quarters Seven in ten Two-thirds Three-fifths More than half
45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20%
More than two fifths Two-fifths More than a third Less than a third
15% Less than a fifth 10% 5% One in twenty

77% 77%% 49% 32%

Just over three quarters Approximately three-quarters Just under/nearly a half Almost a third

75% ~ 85% 65%~75% 10%~15% 5%

a very large majority a significant proportion a minority a very small number

Exercise 2: The pie charts show the electricity generated in Germany and France from all sources and
renewables in the year 2009.

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Sample A [in contrast to remaining overall ranging whereas higher one fifth compare]
The four pie charts 1.________ the electricity generated between Germany and France during 2009, and it is measured
in billions kWh. 2._________, it can be seen that conventional thermal was the main source of electricity in Germany,
3.___________ nuclear was the main source in France.
The bulk of electricity in Germany, whose total output was 560 billion kWh, came from conventional thermal, at
59.6%. In France, the total output was lower, at 510 billion kWh, and 4.______________________ Germany, conventional
thermal accounted for just 10.3%, with most electricity coming from nuclear power (76%). In Germany, the proportion of
nuclear power generated electricity was only 5._____________ of the total.
Moving on to renewables, this accounted for quite similar proportions for both countries, 6.__________ from around
14% to 17% of the total electricity generated. In detail, in Germany, most of the renewables consisted of wind and biomass,
totaling around 75%, which was far 7.__________ than for hydroelectric (17.7%) and solar (6.1%). The situation was very
different in France, where hydroelectric made up 80.5% of renewable electricity, with biomass, wind and solar making up
the 8._____________ 20%. Neither country used geothermal energy. (191 Words)

Sample B [three times different ways lower while as for four-fifths small amount largest in 2009]
The pie charts present some information about the ways power was produced 1.__________ in Germany and France.
Overall, both countries used 2._________________ to generate electricity, although renewable types of energy only
made up a 3._________________ of total power generation in both countries.
In Germany, around 60% of power was generated from conventional thermal sources, 4.__________ in France this
figure was much lower at just over 10%. The 5._________ source of energy in France was nuclear at about three-quarters.
However, Germany produced about 6._______________ less energy in this way.
7.___________ renewables, they made up the rest of the power generated, with a figure of 17.4% in Germany and
13.7% in France. Germany’s main sources of renewables were biomass (39.3%) and wind (36.9%). Another sixth was taken
up by hydroelectric, while the remaining 6.1% of renewable energy came from solar. On the other hand, about 8.________
of France’s renewable energy came from hydroelectric. As a result, energy production from wind (10.5%) and biomass
(8.1%) was much 9.________ than in Germany, while solar was as well with a tiny 0.9%. Finally, neither country produced
any power from geothermal sources. (180 words)

Sample C [major differences lower one-tenth specific area conversely higher majority various sources]
The pie charts provide a breakdown of the 1._____________ of conventional and renewable energy sources that were
exploited in Germany and France in the year 2009.
A broad assessment of the charts reveals that there were 2._______________ in electricity production in France and
Germany in terms of all types of power and in the 3._________________ of renewables.
In both countries, renewables only constituted a small part of total energy production, with figures of 17.4% in
Germany and an even lower 13.7% in France. In Germany, the 4.__________ of power came from conventional thermal
sources, while in the France just over three-quarters of all electricity was generated from nuclear. 5._________,
approximately a quarter of German electricity came from nuclear and about 6._________ of French power came from
conventional thermal generation plants.
With respect to renewables, Germany relied on biomass (39.3%) and wind (36.9%) for more than 75% of its renewable
power, whereas France only acquired 10.5% of its renewable total from this and even less from biomass (8.1%). In fact, the
bulk of France’s renewable energy came from hydroelectric at just over 80%, with solar contributing with a meager 0.9%.
Germany also produced a minimal amount of solar energy (6.1%) albeit still significantly 7.________ than France, while its
hydroelectric production was dramatically 8.________ at 17.7%. A final point to note is that neither country produced any
power from geothermal sources. (220 words)

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Exercise 3: The pie charts above show the percentages of industry sectors
contributed to the economy of Turkey in 2000 and 2016.

THINGS TO REMEMBER BEFORE WRITING

(1) Before you write organize the categories/types of thing into the ones that went up, the ones that went down, and the ones
that stayed (more or less) the same.
(2) IELTS reports MUST include an overview. Your overview should report the biggest/most noticeable features of the
charts. Then, your body should help to make this clearer.
(3) Try to organise the body in a clear way. The pie charts in this example contain 8 different categories, so try to group
them based on increases, or decreases, or stability, or even something they have in common.
(4) It is VERY important that you don’t just list the information e.g. “In 2000 X was this. However, in 2016 X was this.”
You need to make comparisons.

The pie charts provide an 1.__________ of the particular contributions various economic 2._________
made to the overall Turkish economy in two years: 2000 and 2016.
A brief assessment of the charts 3.________ that the most significant 4.__________ were in the
construction and manufacturing industries, while government, and especially agriculture, 5.___________
declines.
At the beginning of the 21st century, the agricultural sector contributed just under a 6.__________ to
the total economic output of Turkey, but by 2016 this figure had fallen 7.____________ to just 14%. The
government sector also saw a sharp decrease, 8.__________ by a quarter to 9% in 2016. Leisure and
hospitality also went down, but to a lesser degree, dropping to 14% from a 2000-level of 9._______.
In terms of sector growth, the most 10.___________ rise was in the building sector, which had been the
least significant sector in 2000. By 2016, it had expanded to 11.__________of Turkey’s economy from a
proportion of just 3% sixteen years prior. A major climb was also seen in manufacturing, with a
12._________rise from 8 to 12%. The financial sector had a comparable increase, rising from 5% to 8%: a
relative improvement of 13.__________. Finally, the sector defined as trade, utilities and transportation went
up 14.___________ from 14 to 15._______, while the contribution of the combined health and education
sectors remained 16.__________ at 17%.” (203 words)

[ sectors falling experiences reveals increases dramatically illustration

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 50% 17% 16% quarter 10% slightly constant substantial 60% ]

Exercise 4:

Step 1 – Introduction
The charts give information about different types of waste disposed of in one country in 1960 and 2011.
[Paraphrase] “The charts provide ________ relating to different _________ of waste disposal in a
_________ country ________ 1960 ________ 2011.

Step 2 – Overview
Paper (1960) 25% (2011) 15% Green Waste 9% –> 9% Metal 8% –> 9% Glass 5% –> 5%
Plastic 8% –> 18% Wood 4% –> 8% Food 12% –> 21% Textiles 17% –> 11% Other 12% –> 4%

“Over the 1.________, the amount of paper, food and other waste that was disposed of fell 2.__________.
On the 3._________ hand, people got rid of a 4._______ percentage of plastic, wood, and food. Finally,
5.__________ of other items 6._________ roughly constant.
[noticeably larger disposal period remained other]

[Body paragraph 1] “In 1960, paper made up one quarter of total waste disposal, 7.______ by 2011, this had
fallen to 8._______ less than 9._______. Moreover, the percentage of textiles also experienced a 10._______
drop, decreasing from 17% to 11%. Lastly, the proportion of textiles discarded in 2011 was 11._________
lower (4%) than it was in 1960 (12%). [slightly considerable one-sixth three times but]

[Body paragraph 2] In contrast, the percentage of food discarded in 2011 (21%) was 12._________ higher
than the figure of 12% in 1960, 13._______ the figure for wood was 14.______ as high, at 8% compared to
4%. Another notable 15.________ was in the percentage of plastic thrown away, which by 2011 (18%) was
more than 16._________ the 1960 figure (8%). [increase while twice double substantially]

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[Body paragraph 3] Last but not least, the disposal of green waste, metal, and glass stayed mostly
17.______, with proportions of 18.____________ 9% for the first two and 5% for the latter.” [approximately
unchanged]

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[methods constant which disposed compared made up lower relating contrast experienced]

The charts provide data 1._________ to different 2.__________ of waste disposal in a particular country
in 1960 and 2011.

Over the period, the amount of paper, food and other waste that was 3._________ of fell noticeably. On the
other hand, people got rid of a larger percentage of plastic, wood, and food. Finally, disposal of other
items remained roughly 4.___________.

In 1960, paper 5.__________ one quarter of total waste disposal, but by 2011, this had fallen to slightly
less than one-sixth. Moreover, the percentage of textiles also 6.___________ a considerable drop,
decreasing from 17% to 11%. Lastly, the proportion of textiles discarded in 2011 was three times
7.________ (4%) than it was in 1960 (12%).

In 8.__________, the percentage of food discarded in 2011 (21%) was substantially higher than the figure
of 12% in 1960, while the figure for wood was twice as high, at 8% 9._________ to 4%. Another notable
increase was in the percentage of plastic thrown away, 10._________ by 2011 (18%) was more than
double the 1960 figure (8%).

Last but not least, the disposal of green waste, metal, and glass stayed mostly unchanged, with proportions
of approximately 9% for the first two and 5% for the latter.” (202 words)

Exercise 5: The pie charts show the different foods included in diets in China, India, and the average
around the world.

Main feature 1:

Main feature 2:

Main feature 3:
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Sample A
The pie charts provide a 1.___________ of what makes up the diets of people in China, India, and the
world in general. The diets 2.__________ in the charts are made up of processed food, vegetables and fruits,
animal sources, and nuts and seeds.
A brief 3.___________ of the charts reveals some similarities and 4._____________ between the diets
of Chinese, Indians, and the world as a whole.
One standout point is that about (a).__________ of the Indian and global diet consists of animal
products, while in the Chinese diet this figure is only around one-sixth. (b).___________, about 40 percent
of the diets of India and the world altogether come from 5.___________ foods, (c).__________ in China
this figure is slightly lower at around (d).____________.
In contrast, Chinese people eat almost twice the amount (19%) of nuts and seeds that Indians do (11%).
Strikingly, the global population’s diet only contains a (e).___________ 4% of nuts and seeds. Moreover, 32
percent of a typical Chinese diet is 6.___________ of vegetables and fruits, which is 3 percent higher than
the world average and 9 percent (f).___________than in a normal Indian diet.
Overall, it seems that Chinese tend to eat a (g)._________ plant-based diet, while Indians and the world
in general tend to eat more meat and 7.______________ foods. (208 words)

[assess compare comprise differ include manufacture process]

[one-third similarly greater a quarter minimal more whereas]

Sample B
The graphs illustrate the consume of 4 types of food use in the world in 2008. The figures are compare
to the amounts of food used in China and India in the same year.
As an overall trendy, the two countries showed differently food consumption from the world average,
while processed food consumption still had the larger percentages in all the three charts.
In particular, processed food consumption was the high in the in the world, account for 41%, which was
following by vegetables and fruits at 29% and animal food at a quarters. Only 4% consist of nut and seeds
consumption.
Likewise, China enjoys processed food in the largest proportion of 39%. Animal food showed the same
figure as the world’s average, 25%. Vegetable and fruits distribute took up 23% while nuts and seeds
accounts for less than a half figure.
In India, both vegetable and processed food were consume the most in the year 2008 with percentages
of 34% and 32% respective, nuts and seeds used in this country hold the largest proportion among the three
charts giving, make up 19% at this time. (185 words)

[Identify the grammatical errors and correct them]

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Exercise 6: The pie chart shows the amount of money that a children's charity located in the USA
spent and received in one year, 2016.

Sample A [majority accounting similarly followed revenue and expenditures second cover took]
The pie charts show the sum of 1.________________________in 2016 for a children’s charity in the USA.
Overall, it can be seen that donated food accounted for the 2._________ of the income, while program services
accounted for the most expenditure. Total revenue sources just exceeded outgoings.
In detail, donated food provided most of the revenue for the charity, at 86%. 3.__________, with regard to
expenditures, one category, program services, 4._______ up nearly all of the outgoings, at 95.8%.
The other categories were much smaller. Community contributions, which were the 5._________ largest revenue
source, brought in 10.4% of overall income, and this was 6._________ by program revenue, at 2.2%. Investment income,
government grants, and other income were very small sources of revenue, 7.___________ for only 0.8% combined.
There were only two other expenditure items, fundraising and management and general, occupying 2.6% and 1.6%
respectively. The total amount of income was $53,561,580, which was just enough to 8.__________ the expenditures of
$53,224,896. (161 words)

Sample B [major contributed collected comprised whereas spent on sources donations]

The given pie charts illustrate the 1.__________ of annual revenue and expenses by a USA based children’s charitable
organization.
Overall, the 2._______ contribution in revenue was made by donated food, and most of the finances were spent on
program services.
Majority of the revenue 3._________ was generated by donation of food, which accounted for 86.6%. The
contributions of the community and program 4.___________10.4% and 2.2%, respectively. All the remaining sources, like
government grants and investment 5.____________ only 0.8% to the total revenue.
Also, a huge sum of money (95.8%) was consumed by program services, 6._________ just 2.6% and 1.6% of the total
expenses were spent for fundraising and management and general services.
To sum up, less than a quarter of revenue was raised by 7.___________ from sources other than food which may be
explained by the amount 8.__________________ fundraisings by the charitable organization. (152 words)
Writing Assignment List

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Task 1:The pie charts below show the average household expenditures in
Japan and Malaysia in the year 2010.

main but than higher smallest in contrast compared with

lower higher overall indicates while

The pie charts show the proportion of money spent on various household expenses in Malaysia and Japan
in 2010.

We can see that in Malaysia the greatest proportion of expenditure (34%) was on housing, (1)__________
in Japan housing accounted for just 21% of the total. (2)______________ , in Japan the greatest single
expense was other goods and services at 29%, (3)_____________ 26% in Malaysia. Food came in second
place in Japan, at 24%, while in Malaysia the actual proportion was (4)__________ (27%). In Japan another
major expense was transport, at 20%, but this was much (5)___________. In Malaysia (10%). In both
countries the (6) ___________ percentage of expenditure was on health care.

(7) ____________, the data (8)____________ that in both cases food, housing and other goods and
services were the (9)_________expenses, (10)________that in Japan, transport and other goods and
services took up a (11)__________ proportion of total expenditure (12)___________in Malaysia.

Task 2: The charts below show the results of a survey about what people of different
age groups say makes them most happy.

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Task 3: The pie charts below show electricity generation by source in New Zealand
and Germany in 1980 and 2010.
Electricity Generation by Source in New Zealand

Electricity Generation by Source in Germany

Task 4: The pie charts below illustrate the number of journal articles read per week by
all students, PhD students, and junior lecturers at an Australian university.

Task 5: The charts below show local government

Expenditure in 2010 and 2015.

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Task 6: The bar chart below shows the estimated sales of jeans for two companies next year in Turkey. The
pie chart shows the projected market share of the two companies in jeans at the end of next year.

[remain rise steady upwards respectively falling]

The bar chart shows the estimated sales of jeans in thousands of pairs for two companies in Turkey next
year.
It is anticipated that purchases of jeans at Mango Co. will 1.________ from 150,000 pairs in January to
approximately 500,000 pairs in August, and will 2.__________ there until November. For December, sales
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are expected to be in the region of 600,000 pairs.
Meanwhile, it is estimated that the sales of jeans for Jack & Jones Co. will begin the year at around
450,000 pairs in January, 3._________ to about 250,000, before increasing to around 400,000 in June. For
the next two months until August, sales are forecast to remain 4.________ at this level, after which they are
expected to rise stably to hit a peak of approximately 900,000 pairs in December.
The pie chart shows that, at the end of next year, the anticipated market share for Mango Co. and Jack
& Jones Co. is 20% and 30% 5._______________.
As can be seen from the chart, the overall sales trends for both companies are forecast to be
6.____________. (178 words)
Sample B [ peaking predicted most falling reaching similarly gradual whereas subsequent steadily]

The bar chart shows the 1.___________ sales of jeans in thousands of pairs for two companies in Turkey,
namely, Mango Co. and Jack & Jones Co. for next year.

The 2.________ striking feature is that sales will increase for both companies. It is anticipated that sales of
Jack & Jones Co. will start at 450,000 pairs in January but decreases by 200,000 pairs in the following
month with a 3._________ recover over the subsequent four months 4.___________ 400,000 pairs in June.
Those of Jack & Jones Co. are predicted to be stable until August 5._________ up to 600,000 pairs in
September and October.

Sales of Jack & Jones will reach a peak of 900,000 in December. 6.____________, the sales of Mango Co. is
forecast to witness a gradual increase with the largest sale of 600,000 pairs in December. In the beginning
of the next year those of Mango Co. will stand at 150,000 pairs 7.__________ back to 100,000 pairs in
February, rising 8.__________ to 250,000 in June. In 9.____________ months sales will reach 450,000 pairs
increasing slightly to 500,000 pairs in August, staying stable until November.

Regarding the pie chart, the sales of Jack & Jones Co. will share 30% of market 10.__________ those of
Mango Co. 20%. 50% of market is set to be shared by other companies. (211 words)

Topic 7: The charts A and B show the share of the UK and Australian cinema market in 2001 and cinema
admission in the UK and Australia from 1976 to 2006.

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accounted compared dropped stood fell increased opposed predominated recovered

Chart (A) shows the cinema industry’s share of the Australian and UK cinema market by origin in 2001. In
both countries, films made in the United States 1.___________ with 77% of the market in the UK
2._________ to 67% in Australia. UK films 3._____________for 21% of the UK cinema market and 6% of
the Australian market. On the other hand, while 11% of the films shown in Australia were Australian, no
Australian films were shown in the UK. Films from other countries had 16% of the market share in Australia
as 4.____________ to just 2% in the UK.

Chart (B) shows cinema admissions in the UK and Australia since 1976. In both countries cinema
admissions 5._____________in the early 1980s. In Australia admissions 6.____________ from just under
40 million in 1980 to about 30 million in 1984–6 while in the UK the decrease was far more dramatic (from
100 million in 1980 to less than 60 million in 1984). Since then, however, the industry has 7.____________
in both countries. In 2001, cinema admissions in the UK 8.______________at over 150 million, whereas in
Australia they reached 90 million.

Overall, the charts show that the cinema has 9._______________in popularity in both countries over the last
15 years, but that the origins of the films projected in Australia are more diverse than in the UK.

Topic 8: The charts below show the percentage of their food budget the average family spent on restaurant
meals in different years. The graph shows the number of meals eaten in fast food restaurants and sit-down
restaurants.

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第 31 页 共 92 页
 IELTS Writing Task 1 --- Line Chart

Example 1: The graph below gives information about changes in the birth and death rates in New
Zealand between 1901 and 2101. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,
and make comparisons where relevant.

Overall trend:

Main features:

Specific details:

The graph shows 1.__________ in the birth and death rates in New Zealand 2._______ 1901, and forecasts
trends tip 3.________ 2101.

4.________ 1901 and the present day, the birth rate has been 5.____________ higher than the death rate.
It stood at 20,000 at the start of this period and increased to a 6._______ of 66,000 in 1961. Since then the
rate has 7.___________ between 65 and 50 thousand and it is expected to decline 8.__________ to
around 45,000 births 9._____the end of the century.

In contrast, the death rate started below 10,000 and has 10._________ steadily until the present time. This
increase is expected to be more rapid between 2021 and 2051 when the rate will probably level off at
around 60,000, before 11.__________ slightly in 2101.

Overall, these 12.________trends mean that the death rate will probably overtake the birth rate in around
2041 and the large 13._______ between the two levels will be 14._______ in the later part of this century.

until since by between peak changes gap increased reversed

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opposing dropping fluctuated slowly consistently

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 Strategies for IELTS Writing Task 1
£Rather than trying to give reasons for the elements shown in the diagram or describing every detail,
concentrate only on significant features.
£Your description should start with a brief overview of the object(s) and its purpose.
£Then focus on how the object works or significant similarities and differences between the objects.
£Vary your language where possible, and use a range of vocabulary and structures.
£Your description should end with a summarising statement.

Example 2: The graph below shows how elderly people in the United States spent their
free time between 1980 and 2010.

This graph shows the kinds of activities done by old people in their spare time, 1.________ a period from
the 1980s to now in the United States. We can see that 2.__________ the activities listed have been
gaining 3.__________ amongst the elderly, with hiking increasing steadily throughout the years, and
watching TV being the 4.________ popular overall.

In the 1980s, nearly all activities were growing in popularity. The only activity which was becoming less
popular over these years was going to the theatre, which declined 5._________ from 50% to 30%.

This 6._______ in the 1990s, and going to the theatre became more popular, 7.________ reading saw a
dramatic drop in popularity. The number of people doing all other activities 8._______ an increasing trend.

This century, hiking, reading, going to the theatre and surfing the Internet have all been enjoyed by the old
on the whole. However, watching TV has been decreasing in popularity. 9._______ this, watching TV is still
the second most popular activity nowadays amongst this group. Most elderly people are hiking nowadays
in their 10._______ time.

[covering spare whereas despite most steeply generally changed popularity experienced]

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 Test Tips for IELTS Writing Task 1
When you are describing a chart or graph, you are actually describing the patterns he the data. Before you begin to
write, spend one or two minutes noticing the different features of the visual information.
To help identify the patterns, you need to look for the
• peaks (high points) and troughs (low points)
• periods when the figures remain steady (show little or no change)
• periods when the figures fluctuate (show a lot of changes)

Exercise 1:The graph below shows the pollution levels in London between 1600 and
2000.

(1st paragraph introduces the topic of the graph, explains what the graph shows and outlines overall
trends or patterns.)
The graph shows pollution levels in London between 1600 and 2000. It 1. _________ smoke and sulphur
dioxide in micrograms per cubic metre. 2. _________ to the information, the levels of both pollutants
formed a 3._________ pattern during this period, but there were always 4._______levels of sulphur
dioxide than smoke in the atmosphere.

(2nd paragraph describes the trends in more detail and illustrates these using data from the graph.)

In 1600, pollution levels were low, but over the next hundred years, the levels of sulphur dioxide
5.______ to 700 micrograms per cubic metre, while the levels of smoke climbed 6.________to about 200
micrograms per cubic metre. Over the next two hundred years the levels of sulphur dioxide 7._________
to increase, although there was some fluctuation in this trend. They 8.________ a peak in 1850. Smoke
levels increased a little 9._______ sharply during this time and peaked in 1900 at about 500 micrograms.
During the 20th century, the levels of both pollutants fell dramatically, though there was a great deal of
10.__________ within this fall.

(Final paragraph draws a simple conclusion from the data.)

Clearly air pollution was a bigger problem in London in the early 20th century than it is now.

[according more higher similar gradually fluctuation measures continued reached rose]

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Exercise 2: The line graph shows TV news viewing figures over a one-year period.

steadily hovering trend meanwhile rocketed fluctuated peak plummeted period

Sample A: The chart shows the average daily viewing figures for Channel One News over a 12-
month_________ . The figure for the 1pm News remained fairly stable, _________at around 1.3 million
throughout the year. The figure for the 6pm News began the year at 4.8 million. It________ , but the
general__________ was downwards, and it ended the year at 3.4 million.

The figure for the 9:30 News gradually increased from 3.2 million viewers per day in January to a
_______of 3.8 million in May. However, this month saw the introduction of the 11pm News, and the figure
for the 9:30 News _________, hitting a low-point of 1.1 million in August. In the same period, the figure for
the 11pm news ___________ from 0.2 million to 4.1 million. At this point, the trend reversed. From August
onwards, the figure for the 9:30 news grew _________ , reaching 3 million by the end of the year.
_________ , the figure for the 11pm News declined sharply, and in December fell below the 1 million mark.

Sample B: The given line graph illustrates the 1.__________ of news which was broadcasted by one channel
on different four times 2._________________ millions of viewers.
Overall, what stand out from the chart is that the number of news viewers 3.__________ throughout the
year among studied news times, 4._________1 pm news viewers.
Firstly, the most significant feature of graph belonged to the figure of 1 pm news which 5.________at
around 1.3 millions and 6.__________ fairly stable over the time span. Secondly, viewers of 6 pm news
were decreased remarkably from about 4.8 millons to 3.9 millons between January and May. However,
figure experienced a 7._________ trend with fluctuations, ended at approximately 3.2 millions in December.
In stark contrast, viewers of 9:30 pm news witnessed an increase from 3.2 millons in January to 3.8
millions in May, but the figure 8.________ to nearly 1millons between May and August. Nevertheless,
viewers grew to 2.4 millions in September, before climbing to 3 millons in December. Regarding to 11 pm
news which was introduced in May. The figure 9.________ from 0.2 millons to just over 4 millions in just
two months. Then, it plunged to 0.9 millions in December.

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【comparison except downward fluctuated in term of remained rocketed started slumped】

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 Sample C

[ beginning changes fluctuated least most passing peak plummeted sharply stable ]

The line graph indicates the 1.________ in the number of people who watched the news on Channel One
over the period of a year. The news is shown at 1pm, 6pm, and 9:30pm, while a new news show at 11pm
began on May the 1st.

Overall, the 6pm show usually received the 2.________ views, although the 11pm show was watched
more in August. Moreover, during August the 9:30pm show 3.__________ in viewer numbers, 4.________
the 1pm show to become the 5.__________ watched version of the news.

At the 6.__________ of the year, the 6pm show received almost 5 million viewers, which was the highest
number for any show throughout the period. After that, viewer numbers 7._____________ with an overall
downward trend, and they reached a low in August of around 3.2 million. At this time, the 1130pm news
reached its 8._________of just over 4m viewers after only having around 200000 when it began at the
start of May. However, while the 6pm news ended the period at its August-level, the 1130pm news
dropped 9.__________to slightly over 1m viewers.

With regard to the 9:30pm news, its figures climbed steadily until May then plunged to a low of around
1m in May when the 11:00pm news began. From then on, it grew significantly to about 3m in December.
Finally, the 1pm show remained 10._________over the year at about 1.3m views per day. (230 words)

Sample D

The line graph provides information about the ratings for a news show that 1._______ on Channel One
at four different times during the day: 1pm, 6pm, 9:30pm, and 11pm. The latter edition was implemented at
the beginning of May.
A broad assessment 2.________that although the 6pm news was the 3.__________________ show, its
viewer numbers decreased over the year and were 4.__________________ in August by the 11pm news.
Furthermore, the increase in popularity of the 11pm show saw a 5.______________________ in the 9:30pm
version, while the 1pm show’s 6.__________ was stable and generally the 7.__________.

[aired briefly overtaken corresponding decline lowest most popular reveals viewership]

Firstly, the 9:30pm show’s viewers grew steadily from 3.2 million in January to about 3.8 million in
May, but then 8.________________ to become the least-watched version by August, with just over a million
views. Meanwhile, after starting in May with only approximately 200000 9._________, the 11:30pm news
10.___________________ more than 4m views in August, making it the 11._______________ show at this
time. Nevertheless, after this surge in ratings, watchers of the latest show shrank dramatically to become the
12._________________ show with slightly under a million views per day, which was just under the 1pm
show’s 1.2 million consistent views.
As for the 6pm show, despite being the most popular, its figures fluctuated with an 13.______________
so that by August it had around three and a quarter million viewers, down from 4.8 million in January. It
rebounded to 4 million daily views in September but then continued its general slide, 14.____________ with
around 3.2 million people watching it on a daily basis. (257 words)

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[finishing least popular most-viewed overall decline sank rapidly soared to fractionally watchers]

Exercise 3: The line graph below shows average carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per person in the United
Kindom, Sweden, Italy and Portugal between 1967 and 2007. Summarise the information by selecting
and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Taken from Cambridge IELTS Task 1 Test 3 Book11

The graph shows the 1.___________ in the emissions of carbon dioxide in four 2.___________ countries
from 1967 to 2007.

The production of carbon dioxide in Portugal and Italy were 3.__________increasing. In 1967 the emission
in Portugal was approximately 1 metric tonnes (mt) and it increased constantly to 5 mt in 1997 before
4.___________ down in the final year. Italy 5.__________ at 4 mt and rose gradually 6.___________
Sweden in 1987 to reach just below 8 mt in 1997. However, it then remained 7.___________ until 2007.

In 8.__________contrast, Carbon dioxide emissions in United Kingdom and Sweden decreased during the
same period. United Kingdom had the 9.___________ emission over the period starting at 11 mt but the
number kept decreasing and reached 9 mt in 2007. In Sweden, initially there was an increase from 8 to 11
mt, but then the emission 10.__________ sharply until the end of the period and reached the same level as
Portugal (5 mt).

In summary, while emissions in Italy and Portugal grew, UK and Sweden saw an opposite trend. However,
UK remained the biggest producer of carbon dioxide over the period.

【changes dropped European highest overtaking slowing started stark steadily unchanged】

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 How To Write an IELTS Table Chart Essay

There are 5 steps to writing a high-scoring IELTS table chart essay:

1) Analyse the question 2) Identify the main features 3) Write an introduction
4) Write an overview 5) Write the details paragraphs
Ideally, your essay should have 4 paragraphs:
Paragraph 1 – Introduction Paragraph 2 – Overview
Paragraph 3 – 1st main feature Paragraph 4 – 2nd main feature

Sample: The tables below give the distribution of world population in 1950 and 2000, with an estimate of
the situation in 2050.

Main feature 1: The only region where the percentage is expected to increase by 2050 is Africa.
Main feature 2: Europe is expected to have the greatest drop in percentage contribution by 2050.
Main feature 3: The only region showing a fluctuation in percentage contribution over the whole time period is Asia.

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第 41 页 共 92 页
Exercise 1:The Table below shows the results of a survey that asked 6800
Scottish adults (aged 16 years and over) whether they had taken part in
different cultural activities in the past 12 months.

The table illustrates the results of research 1.___________ in Scotland with adults 2._______ from 16-74 to
assess their involvement in a 3._________ of cultural activities over a 12-month period. Overall, it is evident
that 4._____________ in any performance and crafts were the most popular for all age groups.

The 5.___________ participation in any activities was 6._______ in the 16-24 age group, with 35% and
30% respectively doing performance and visual arts. In contrast, other activities were much 7.___________,
particularly those computer-based, at only 10%.

Turning to the older age groups, like the under 25s, the highest participation rate seen for 25-44 years old
was in performance, though this was much lower, at only 22%. A 8.___________ rate of 22% was evident
for the most popular activity for the 45-74 age group, which was crafts. Again, the popularity of computers
was very low for all those who were 25 plus, as was interest in writing.

9.________ all age groups together, it can be observed that performance and crafts were the most popular, at
over 19%, whereas cultural purchases and visual arts were 10.__________ less popular at 16% and 15%
11.__________. Finally, little interest was shown in writing and computing, 12._________ at 7% and 6% in
each category.

[age accord high low participate see similar slight stand take undertake vary]

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 Exercise 2: The table below shows the primary funding sources of international
students in the US during the years 2003/04 and 2013/14.

The table shows how international students in the US 1.___________ their studies in the years 2003/04 and
2013/14. Overall, there was a 2._____________ trend towards 3.___________ by foreign governments,
foreign universities, and current employers over the ten-year period.

First of all, the period 2003/04 to 2013/14 4.___________ a significant rise in the number of international
students in the US, from 572,509 to 886,052, a rise of more than 50%.

The table shows that the two main funding sources were ‘Personal and Family’ and ‘US College or
University’, which together 5.___________ for 90% of funding in 2003/2004. However, taken together,
these two sources marginally dropped to 84% by 2013/14. The two least proportion of funding sources
experienced slight 6.____________ over the last decade. In 2003, foreign government or university and
current employer 7.___________ of 4% in total, 2% equally each while current employer sponsored 6% of
international students and other sources financially 8.___________ 3% in 2013.

At the same time, there was substantial 9.__________ in the numbers of students funded by ‘Foreign
Government or University’ and ‘Current Employer’, which saw increases of 383% and 390% respectively.
Even though they still took up only a small 10.___________ of funding, both sources became more
important to foreign students during the period.

[account consist grow fluctuation fund minor notice sponsor support witness]

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Writing Task 1:

Writing Task 2: The table below shows a survey of the proportion of adults in California by age group who
enjoyed different types of leisure activities in 2011.

Leisure Activities by Age Group (%) in 2011, California

Leisure Activity 18-30 31-45 46-60 Over 60s

Watching TV 76% 85% 86% 89%

Spending time with Family/friends 58% 56% 43% 33%

Reading 22% 20% 16% 16%

Gardening 7% 16% 26% 26%

Listening to music 27% 15% 4% 2%

Playing Computer Games 15% 5% 2% 0%

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 THINGS TO REMEMBER BEFORE WRITING Task 1
(1) Before you write organize the categories/types of thing into the ones that went up, the ones that went down, and the ones
that stayed (more or less) the same.
(2) IELTS reports MUST include an overview. Your overview should report the biggest/most noticeable features of the
charts. Then, your body should help to make this clearer.
(3) Try to organise the body in a clear way. The pie charts in this example contain 8 different categories, so try to group
them based on increases, or decreases, or stability, or even something they have in common.
(4) It is VERY important that you don’t just list the information e.g. “In 2000 X was this. However, in 2016 X was this.”
You need to make comparisons.

Exercise 1: The bar chart below shows the estimated sales of jeans for two companies next year in Turkey.
The pie chart shows the projected market share of the two companies in jeans at the end of next year.

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SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT

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 SHAPE \*

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[remain rise steady upwards respectively falling]

The bar chart shows the estimated sales of jeans in thousands of pairs for two companies in Turkey next
year.
It is anticipated that purchases of jeans at Mango Co. will 1.________ from 150,000 pairs in January to
approximately 500,000 pairs in August, and will 2.__________ there until November. For December, sales
are expected to be in the region of 600,000 pairs.
Meanwhile, it is estimated that the sales of jeans for Jack & Jones Co. will begin the year at around
450,000 pairs in January, 3._________ to about 250,000, before increasing to around 400,000 in June. For
the next two months until August, sales are forecast to remain 4.________ at this level, after which they are
expected to rise stably to hit a peak of approximately 900,000 pairs in December.
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 The pie chart shows that, at the end of next year, the anticipated market share for Mango Co. and Jack
& Jones Co. is 20% and 30% 5._______________.
As can be seen from the chart, the overall sales trends for both companies are forecast to be
6.____________. (178 words)
Sample B [ peaking predicted most falling reaching similarly gradual whereas subsequent steadily]

The bar chart shows the 1.___________ sales of jeans in thousands of pairs for two companies in Turkey,
namely, Mango Co. and Jack & Jones Co. for next year.

The 2.________ striking feature is that sales will increase for both companies. It is anticipated that sales of
Jack & Jones Co. will start at 450,000 pairs in January but decreases by 200,000 pairs in the following
month with a 3._________ recover over the subsequent four months 4.___________ 400,000 pairs in June.
Those of Jack & Jones Co. are predicted to be stable until August 5._________ up to 600,000 pairs in
September and October.

Sales of Jack & Jones will reach a peak of 900,000 in December. 6.____________, the sales of Mango Co. is
forecast to witness a gradual increase with the largest sale of 600,000 pairs in December. In the beginning
of the next year those of Mango Co. will stand at 150,000 pairs 7.__________ back to 100,000 pairs in
February, rising 8.__________ to 250,000 in June. In 9.____________ months sales will reach 450,000 pairs
increasing slightly to 500,000 pairs in August, staying stable until November.

Regarding the pie chart, the sales of Jack & Jones Co. will share 30% of market 10.__________ those of
Mango Co. 20%. 50% of market is set to be shared by other companies. (211 words)

Exercise 2: The charts A and B show the share of the UK and Australian cinema market in 2001 and cinema
admission in the UK and Australia from 1976 to 2006.

accounted compared dropped stood fell increased opposed predominated recovered

Chart (A) shows the cinema industry’s share of the Australian and UK cinema market by origin in 2001. In
both countries, films made in the United States 1.___________ with 77% of the market in the UK
2._________ to 67% in Australia. UK films 3._____________for 21% of the UK cinema market and 6% of
the Australian market. On the other hand, while 11% of the films shown in Australia were Australian, no
Australian films were shown in the UK. Films from other countries had 16% of the market share in Australia
as 4.____________ to just 2% in the UK.

Chart (B) shows cinema admissions in the UK and Australia since 1976. In both countries cinema
admissions 5._____________in the early 1980s. In Australia admissions 6.____________ from just under
40 million in 1980 to about 30 million in 1984–6 while in the UK the decrease was far more dramatic (from
100 million in 1980 to less than 60 million in 1984). Since then, however, the industry has 7.____________
in both countries. In 2001, cinema admissions in the UK 8.______________at over 150 million, whereas in
Australia they reached 90 million.

Overall, the charts show that the cinema has 9._______________in popularity in both countries over the last
15 years, but that the origins of the films projected in Australia are more diverse than in the UK.

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Exercise 3: The charts below show the percentage of their food budget the average family spent on
restaurant meals in different years. The graph shows the number of meals eaten in fast food restaurants and
sit-down restaurants.

The pie chart 1.___________ the expenditures on food in the average household over three
2._________, starting in 1970. Besides, the line graph 3.__________ the numbers of meals served in two
different kinds of restaurants: the fast food and the dine-in at the same period.
Overall, people 4.__________ their eating habit from home cooking to eating out. Another notable
5.______ can be seen that they also preferred fast food rather than sit-down restaurants.
To be more 6.__________, in 1970, cooking at home was still the popular way, as a result of 90% of the
7.__________ budget was spent on food, while the ratio of the restaurant meals only 8._________ for the
minority with 40 meals per year in total. However, the proportion of 9._________ cooked meals continued
to decrease 10._____________ reaching over one-third of the population in 1990 while the 11.__________
happened to the eating out at restaurants during the period shown. The total number of meals including
12._________ fast food and dining at sitdown restaurants climbed up to 50 and 40 respectively. In the final
year, there was no 13._________ between two of them, both comprised of a half on the total food spending
in 2000 and the sum of dining out jumped to 130, over 14.________ more than that of 30 years ago.
15.__________ to the 2 types of restaurants, they both served the same amount of 20 meals per annum
and saw a rise over 30 years. In a next decade, families ate slightly frequently at sit-down restaurant.
However, the meals eaten in fast food restaurants 16._________ rapidly to nearly 90 meals per year, which
was double than that of the sit-in in the final year.
【accounted compares decades domestic gap homely illustrates opposite

第 49 页 共 92 页
ordering shifted soared specific significantly three times trend turning】

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 Test Tips for IELTS Writing Task 1
When you are describing a chart or graph, you are actually describing the patterns he the data. Before you begin to
write, spend one or two minutes noticing the different features of the visual information.
To help identify the patterns, you need to look for the

• peaks (high points) and troughs (low points)

• periods when the figures remain steady (show little or no change)
• periods when the figures fluctuate (show a lot of changes)

Exercise 1: The graph below shows the number of books read by men and women at
Burnaby Public Library from 2011 to 2014.

The graph gives information about Burnaby Public Library between 2011 and 2014. It shows how many
library books people read over this four-year period.

As can be seen from the graph, there were different trends for men and women. The number of books
read by men increased steadily between 2011 and 2012, from about 3000 to 4000. After that, the number
rose dramatically to 14000 books in 2014. This was the highest figure in the period.

Women started off reading more books than men, but their numbers followed a different pattern.
Between 2011 and 2012, there was an increase of 3000 from 5000 books to 8000 books, and then a
gradual rise to 10000 books in 2013. However, in 2014, their numbers fell back to 8000 again.

Overall, there was a strong upward trend in the number of books read by men. Although women read
more books than men in 2011, their reading fell to below the level of men in 2014. (162 words)

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Exercise 2: The graph below shows relative price changes for fresh fruits and vegetables, sugars and sweets,
and carbonated drinks between 1978 and 2009.

Data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and represent the U.S. city averages for
all urban consumers in January of each year.

periodic period temporarily remained and steady steadily by from trend

The graph shows changes in the price of fresh fruits and vegetables, sugar and sweets, and carbonated drinks
over a thirty-year 1.__________ in the US between 1979 2._______2009. The graph also shows the general
3.___________ in the consumer price index during this time.

While the consumer price index showed a slow and 4.___________increase from 1979 to 2009, the same
cannot be said for the price of carbonated, or soft drinks. After rising briefly between 1979 and 1981, they
5.____________fairly constant until 1999, when the price did begin to increase slowly.

In contrast, there was a marked difference in the price of fresh fruits and vegetables, which, despite
6.__________ fluctuations, rose 7.__________throughout this period. In fact, fresh food prices only levelled
out 8.___________between 1990 and 1992 and again 9._____________ 2000 to 2001. However,
10.____________2008 the price had increased by more than 300%.

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Exercise 3: The chart below shows the movement of people from rural to urban areas
in three countries and predictions for future years.

The line graph shows the figures in millions for the 1.__________ of people from the countryside to cities in
three different countries over the period 2000 to 2025, including future 2.___________. Overall, it is clear
that the shift from rural communities towards urban 3._______________________ is upwards.

All three countries began the period with 4.___________ numbers of urban migrants. Russia started with the
5.________ migrants (around 15 million) and over the period sees significant increases, particularly between
2010 and 2015 (around 42 to 70 million) with this 6.__________ trend predicted to continue (reaching
approximately 86 million by 2025). 7._____________, Iran after a slow start between 2000 and 2005 sees a
dramatic rise in urban migration, and after 2015 is predicted to see an even more 8._____________ increase,
9.____________ Russia’s figures in 2020 reaching around 95 million by 2025. However, Indonesia bucks
the trend somewhat. Whilst 10.______________steady between 2000 and 2020, its growth is far less drastic
than the other two countries (10 to 30 million). Furthermore, post 2020, it is foreseen to 11.________ off at
around 30 million.

To sum up, while all three countries have seen growth up to 2015, only the figures for countries Russia and
Iran are predicted to see 12._____________ growth up to 2025. (209 words)

【consistently continued dramatic level metropolitan areas migration

most predictions similar similarly surpassing upward】

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Exercise 4: The graphs below provide information on global population figures and
figures for urban populations in different world regions.

The first graph shows the 1.________ in world population growth between 1800 and 2100, while the
second graph gives 2.___________ urban population figures for the next 25 years.
The world population has experienced 3.___________ growth since 1800. Between 1800 and 1950, the
population grew slowly from just under 1 billion to 2.5 billion people. After that, the growth rate increased
and 4.___________ the figure is around 6.5 billion. Projections show a continued increase in population in
the near future, but a steady 5._________ in the population growth rate. The global population is expected to
6._______ at 8.2 billion by 2050, and then 7.______________ to around 6.2 billion by 2100.
The predictions also show that almost all urban population 8.__________ in the next 25 years will
occur in cities of developing countries. In developed regions, on the other hand, the urban population is
expected to 9._________ unchanged at about 1.3 billion people over the next two decades.
The graphs depict that the global population increase will not occur 10._________ throughout the
world, but will be greater in some areas than others.

【continuous currently decline evenly growth peak plummeted predicted remain trend】
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Exercise 5: The graph below shows the demand for electricity in England during typical
days in winter and summer. The pie chart shows how electricity is used in an average
English home.

The demand for electricity in England during typical days in winter and summer is illustrate in the line
graph while the used of electricity in an average English home is shown in the pie chart. From the graph it is
general obvious that the demand is in its maximum around 2100 in winter times and in its minimum around
400 being almost constant between 1200 and 2100 in winter times. During summer times, on the other hand,
the demand reached its top point around 1300 and the bottom point around 900 being almost constantly
between 1550 and 2000.
In winter times the curve gradually increases to reaching 40000 units of electricity by 3 o’clock in the
morning. This is following by gradual decline to its lower limit of 30000 units at 9 o’clock. A gradual rise is
obvious again to reach a stationarily level between 3 o’clock and 9 o’clock of about 40000 units again. Then
there is a sharply rise in the next hour to peak at its maximum before collapsed again to a lower level by the
end of the day.
In summer times the curve gradually decrease to hitting its lower limit around 9 o’clock of a bit more
that 10000 units. A gradual increase is notice to reach its top of 20000 after which a stable phase is obvious
between 3 o’clock and 10 o’clock at night of about 15000 units.
The pie chart, by drastic contrast, shows that 52.5% of the electricity used for heating rooms and water,
contributed to the largest proportion of electricity use. Ovens, kettles and washing machines accounted for
17.5% ranking the second place while the remained categories took up 15% equally and consumes the less
percentages of domestic electricity.

【grammatical error correction and synonym replacement】

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 Exercise 6: The graph and table below give information about water
use worldwide and water consumption in two different countries.

The line graph and table 1.____________ the trends of the global water use in three different 2.________
from 1900 to 2000 and 3.__________ the water usage in Congo and Brazil in 2001. There was an overall
4._________ trend in water use in these three sectors over this period. Water consumption in Brazil was
much 5._________ than that of Congo.

6.___________ water in agriculture, industrial and domestic fields all increased dramatically during this
time. The figures for agriculture show the 7._____________________ changes of all. Between 1900 and
1950 its 8._____________ rose to around 1,000 km3 and then there was a sudden rise of 2,000 km3 in 2000.
The 9.___________ of industrial and domestic water consumption were very 10._________ to each other.
Starting at almost 100 and 50 km3 11.______________ in 1900 and had remained nearly constant until
1950. After that, the former jumped 12._____________ to around 110 km3 in 2000. Likewise, the later saw
a significant peak, 13.___________by nearly 5 times (from approximately 50 to 250 km3) at the same time.

It is clearly seen from the table that the water consumption in Brazil, which had 176 million people, was
significantly higher than that of Congo in spite of 14._____________________ in Congo (5.2 million),
which had 265 15.__________ as 16._________ space as Brazil had.

【compare consuming demonstrate higher less lower population most significant

noticeably patterns quantity respectively rising sectors similar times upward】

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Exercise 7: In June 1996, an experimental flu vaccine was trialled in a large
country town on females only.

The diagrams show data for a flu epidemic which hit a large country town in 1996. Figure 1 gives the
number of persons who died; Figure 2 shows the percentage breakdown of females who received a new flu
vaccine; and Figure 3 gives the number of cases of flu before and during the epidemic.
In Figure 1 it can be seen that the flu was responsible for the deaths of 2 females but no males in the
period from March to May. However, from June to August, there were 4 female deaths and 1 male death.
According to the pie chart in Figure 2, only those females most at risk were given the new flu vaccine;
28% did not take part in the trial. Of those females who took part, 35% were aged (over 65 years old); 24%
were babies or children; and 13% were either hospitalised or receiving other medical attention.
From Figure 3 it is clear that the new vaccine had a positive effect on the number of new cases of flu
reported in females. There were just over 1000 cases reported in March, climbing rapidly to a peak of 3500
in June. Thereafter, the number of cases dropped slowly to about 2800 in August, before levelling off at
2500 for the rest of the year. For males, the figures were lower but showed a similar trend throughout the
epidemic.
【replace the underlined words with synonyms】
Exercise 8: The chart below shows the amount of money per week spent on fast
第 57 页 共 92 页
foods in Britain. The graph shows the trends in consumption of fast foods.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown
below.

The weekly expenditure of three income groups on three types of fast foods in Britain is shown in the
bar chart. The second chart 1.___________ the demand of those foods from 1970 to 1990.
As per the bar chart, hamburger is the most popular fast food among high and average income groups
and a person from these groups spend around 43 and 33 respectively per week on it. 2._________ on Pizza
stands next for the former group, with approximately 20 pence, 3._________ in case of the other income
groups (average and low income groups). More money is spent on fish and chips by both these groups (18-
25 pence), which is 4.___________ higher than the 5.___________ group.
It is clear from the line graph that the most popular food, fish and chips in 1970, which had an
consumption of 300 grammes, reduced its 6.___________ by 80 grammes in two decades. However, the
demand of pizza and hamburgers, which was negligible (under 100 grammes) in 1970 7._______ up to
nearly 300 and over 500 grammes 8._____________ by 1990.
【accordingly affluent analyses demand shot shrinks slightly spending】

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Nov. 28th Task 2: Some people think governments should ban dangerous sports. Others, however, say people have the
freedom to make their own decisions. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
We are thrilled when watching dangerous sports shows like motor racing, boxing, rugby and many other stunts, such as
1.___________ elegant sports event, gymnastics, which is very dangerous, too. Although I am certainly 2._________ about
the safety of those sports heroes, I think it is 3._________to protect them by 4.____________ them of their participation.
The arguments for prohibition are 5.__________on the fundamental belief that we are not only individuals, but a part
of the whole society and what we do can influence the others around. To be 6.__________, high exposure to dangerous
activities means there is a high possibility for participants to get 7.___________. Once any injury occurs, even if not a fatal
one, the participants themselves may lose the ability to work, therefore making no contribution to their community. Other
than that, they would have to 8.____________ the public medical resources, which may be interpreted unfair to the other
taxpayers who are committed their duty 9._____________.
[concerned consume depriving grounded injured irrational routinely seemingly specific]
However, 10,__________ a sports event means a denial of personal rights of choice. We own our body and therefore
we have every right to decide how to do with it, including doing 11._________ physical activities. In addition, adults are
mature enough to make 12.__________judgment and take protective measures to ensure their life safety and this maturity
13.__________ full respect. However, prohibition would send a 14.________ message that it is the government instead of
the involved person who should be 15.__________ for the health and safety of individuals. Another loss of forbidding
perilous sports would be the economic one. Some high risk sports have 16.__________ into industries of millions of dollars,
and eliminating them would cause huge economic losses.
To conclude, I think there is no need for the government to intervene in sports including hazardous ones. Instead, it
should set up professional and 17._________ standards of access, enforcing specialized training and protection outfits so as
to reduce the 18.__________ of accidents.
[amateur banning chance developed deserves reasonable responsible risky wrong]

Nov. 21st Task 2: Some people think young people should be required to have full time education until they are at least 18
years old. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
In my country, China, children are allowed to leave school by the age of 15. But in some countries the compulsory
school year is increased by 3. I personally think such policy is sensible in the modern society.
The 1.________ reason for my approval is that in today’s world, non-skilled young labor are finding 2.___increasingly
difficult to be employed due to the 3._________ of modern technology, like artificial intelligence and automation which
have made countless occupations obsolete. On the other hand, well-educated skilled workers are in higher demand. This
social change makes it 4.__________ to adjust the education system and 5.______ the young generation with sufficient
knowledge and skills. In addition, prolonging education is also an 6._________ measure to lower the rate of juvenile
delinquency because the idle adolescents out of school are 7._________ to be involved in 8.__________activities.
[advancement effective equip illegal it major necessary prone]
However, there are some 9._________ voices against the policy of mandatory secondary education. The arguments
include that not all young adults are academically capable or interested and coercing them to attend full time school can
cause problems like classroom disruption and 10.____________. Then how to manage such mess becomes another obstacle
to 11.___________such a policy. Fining or punishing does not make sense as it does not solve the problem of ignorance or
disability to academic studies from the root. While these concerns sound reasonable, they cannot be the 12._________to
change. Some measures can be taken to deal with the challenges, for 13.__________, diverse forms of education, including
apprenticeship or work-based training to supplement formal coursework.
To sum up my opinion, longer period of 14._________ education is an active approach to social change in employment
as it can generate more skilled workers and 15._______youth crime as well. Given 16._________ options in education
forms, even students with poor academic performances can be able to stay in education before 17._________ full maturity.
[absenteeism diverse implementing instance lower mandatory obstacles opposite reaching]
第 59 页 共 92 页
Nov. 12th Competitiveness is a positive quality for people to have in society. How does this
competitiveness affect individuals? Do you think it is a positive or negative trend?
In this 1.(today’s/contemporary/recent/current) era which 2.(features/shows/has/causes) high pressure
and fierce competitions, owning core competitiveness in one specific domain is a powerful tool on modern
people’s way to success, as a result of which, it is not 3.(new/unusual/typical/uncommon) to see that an
increasing number of individuals spare no effort and energy to 4.(get/have/reach/achieve) this goal.
There is no 5.(question/doubt/problem/issue) that the vital role that the superior competitive capability
plays in the success of individuals is widely 6.(known/accepted/challenged/expected). First and foremost,
such a character serves as an 7.(basic/important/essential/crucial) means of motivation to push people to
work harder and 8.(acquire/learn/get/obtain) more skills, hence 9.(leading/coming/contributing/aiming) to a
more 10.(beneficial/prosperous/successful/wonderful) career path since when people are 11.
(aware/clear/certain/conscious) of the significance of keeping making progress and
12.(doing/trying/attempting/striving) to be the first, they tend to be more productive. It is competitiveness
that 13.(makes/enables/causes/motivates) individuals to equip with self-motivation and self-discipline that
are 14.(deemed/thought/seen/regarded) as 15.(good/significant/satisfactory/indispensable) factors for 16.
(getting over/overcoming/fighting/working out) barriers as well as 17.(resisting/saying no
to/rejecting/turning down) temptation when devoting to work or studies. Additionally, people with stronger
competitive ability are more likely to have courage and persistence to 18.(hard/tough/difficult/challenging)
tasks which cannot be 19.(done/completed/finished/scored) by ordinary people ， in other words, they are
more capable to break down the routine as well as to fight for what they believe in. Unfortunately, people
who lose this feature are hardly to 20.(go on/reach/run after/pursue) their goals or make themselves come
out on the top.
21.(Bad/Vicious/Cruel/Unfriendly)competition, however, is often thought to be
22.(related/associated/connected/linked) with the greed or an addiction to power. In that case, those people
easily slip out of control and head for crime. What’s worse, such a conduct would have a/an
23.(bad/negative/adverse/harmful) effect on the interpersonal relationship, making people more selfish and
self-centered who would turn a 24.(bad/blind.near-sighted/short-sighted) eye to people around them. For
instance, when children are frequently 25.(infused/placed/attached/showed) the importance of competing
with peers, there is a greater possibility that they would refuse to share information, give a helping hand or
even adopt a hostile attitude towards others who are regarded as a 26.(possible/future/potential/seeming)
competitor, which is definitely in 27.(trouble/problem/difficulty/contradiction) with teamwork highly 28.
(liked/preferred/promoted/advocated) in modern society.
In a nutshell, competitive ability is one of the most crucial 29.(features/natures/symbols/characteristics)
for human beings, which gives us goals and pushes us to lead a life filled with satisfaction and glory.
However, it is worth mentioning that the excessive pursuit of this quality can
30.(make/generate/bring/trigger) a series of side effects on the moral values as well as human relations.

Writing Task 1: Nov. 9th People continue to commit crimes even after being punished for it. Why do
you think this happens? How can crime be stopped?

Writing Task 2: Whether or not someone achieves their aims in life is mostly a question of luck. To
what extent to you agree or disagree？
Nov. 9th People continue to commit crimes even after being punished for it. Why do you think this happens?
How can crime be stopped?
After being sentences and imprisoned for years, the newly-released may continue to violation the law
and threat public security. Apart from those having developed anti-social personalities, most of them commit
第 60 页 共 92 页
further crimes out of several objective and ignored reasons and, if measures could be took, they would
remerge into the society more smooth and thus crime rate reduce according.
There are several obstacle against prisons’ rehabilitation. For one, there are no enough education to
criminals on the degree of damage that their crime behavior has done to the victims and society even they
have punished from their free already. Another significant block come from the harsh lives when they are set
free, these new citizens are hardly equip with any working skills to earn their livings, which is especially
truth those with long-term services in prison. To make matters bad, people usually discriminates them as
potential criminals and these prejudice steadily keeps them away from normal lives and stable jobs.
To prevent continuously crimes, governments should have prisoners recognizes their faults by organize
lectures and seminars and making them watch movies and documentaries during imprisonment and ensure
they are regret for their mistakes. After that, in order to ensure their rehabilitation after serving their
sentences, prisons should prepare them better by foster their decent verbal and behavioral habits and
cultivation some specialized working skills, which can be extremely useful for daily social lives and future
jobs. Except the efforts on law-breakers, friend policies and promotions among ordinary people are also
essential as only when the social environment is ready to take in them again. As a result, offenders can grasp
the chance to merge back into the social.
To conclusion, the internal awaken from the sin and the external welcoming attitudes combining are the
key to the rehabilitation of criminals still with consciousness and in terms of natural villains, imprisonment
is all the time the best approach in prevented crimes.

Oct.30th Task 2: Whether or not someone achieves their aims in life is mostly a question of
luck. To what extent to you agree or disagree？
Fame and fortune can inspiring people to exert tremendous energy and efforts but only relative few can
achieve the accomplishments. Thus, they might need to attributes their failure to misfortune and admire
those accomplishing, with or without envy, mostly out of their talents, born wealth and even superstitious
karma. Such an irrational complain is this ascription of others’ achievement that I can hardly approved.
Luck, or objective conditions to be precisely, is an essential compartment on the way to achievements.
People with lowest talents usually find those with higher on their tales and soon get surpassed despite their
exertion and what is more irritating, people who reach the peak eventually are often proving to be real
talents of their fields according to their past experiences, convey the idea that the born capability genuinely
counts. The same is true when consider other factors like family wealth and good appearance.
However, success stories do not consists mainly of unfair and insurmountable privileges, but of
essential efforts, ambitions and determinations in realize final goals. These factors are manage and heavily
dependent on personal choose, which in other words, is really the hardest part on the path. Diligence, in
particular, is the mother of good fortune, and idleness, its opposite, never brought a man to the goal of any of
his best wishes. In addition, one’s degree of resolution results in its attitude towards barriers and if most
people were in Stephen Hawking’s shoes, they would not survival in the first years of ALS, not mentioning
the later scientific triumph.
In conclusion, reach the aims in life is partly genetic and partly effort. Hard work function as the start
engine while nature talents act as accelerators.

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 Writing Topics in 2020
1. The first man to walk on the moon claimed it was a step forward for mankind. However, it has made little
difference in most people’s lives. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

2. Many people living in cities these days do not get enough physical exercise. What are the causes of this?
What possible solutions can you give?

3. One of the most important issues facing the world today is a shortage of food and some think genetically
modified foods are a possible solution. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

4. Society is based on rules and laws. It could not function if individuals were free to do whatever they
wanted to do. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

5. Computers today can quickly and accurately translate languages, therefore, it is a waste of time to learn a
foreign language. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

6. Some think that it is more important for children to engage in outdoor activities instead of playing video
games. To what extent to you agree or disagree?

7. Nowadays people live longer after they retire. How does this affect individuals and society? What can be
done about this?

8. Many educational institutions give greater importance to subjects related to science and ignore subjects
such as drama and literature. Why is this? Is this a positive or negative development?

9. Some feel executives in large companies should receive high salaries while others think they are paid too
much compared to ordinary workers. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

10. Some people believe that the experiences children have before they go to school will have the greatest
effect on their future life. Others argue that experiences gained when they are teenagers have a bigger
influence. Discuss both views and give your own opinions.

11. Some believe that advances in technology are increasing the gap between rich and poor while others
think the opposite is happening. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.

12. Some people say that supermarkets and manufacturers have a responsibility to reduce the amount of
packaging on products they sell. Others believe that it is the consumer’s responsibility to avoid buying
products which have a lot of packaging. Discuss both views and give your opinions.

IELTS Writing Task 1 --- Process Diagram

Example 1: The diagrams below show the stages and equipment used in the cement-making process, and
how cement is used to produce concrete for building purposes. Summarize the information by selecting
and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

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The diagrams explain the processes of producing cement and concrete. Overall, there are five stages for
making the cement and one for the concrete. The cement must (1. to make) __________first, as it (2. to
use) ___________to make the concrete.

To make cement, firstly limestone and clay (3. to feed) _________into two rollers which (4. to crush)
__________them up into a powder. This power (5. to mix + then) ________________together, before (6.
to travel) ____________down a tube and into a rotating heater.

The heat comes up from the bottom as the heater rotates, and once the power is ready, it (7. to emerge)
__________from this machine onto a conveyor belt where it (8. to grind + then) _________________into
the cement. Finally it (9. to separate) ________________into bags.

This cement is then used to produce the concrete. To do this, there is a mixture of 15 per cent cement, 10
per cent water, 25 per cent sand and 50 per cent gravel. These (10. to place) _______________into a
concrete mixer, which spins in order to form the concrete.

Example 2: The diagram illustrates the process that is used to manufacture bricks for the building
industry. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make
comparisons where relevant.

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Sample A [cool stage place dig break deliver follow assist add pack make]
The diagram explains the way in which bricks are 1._________ for the building industry. Overall, there are seven
2._________ in the process, beginning with the digging up of clay and culminating in 3.____________.
To begin, the clay used to make the bricks is 4._________ up from the ground by a large digger. This clay is then
placed onto a metal grid, which is used to 5.________ up the clay into smaller pieces. A roller 6._________ in this process.
Following this, sand and water are 7._________ to the clay, and this mixture is turned into bricks by either placing it
into a mould or using a wire cutter. Next, these bricks are 8.__________ in an oven to dry for 24 – 48 hours.
In the subsequent stage, the bricks go through a heating and 9._________ process. They are heated in a kiln at a
moderate and then a high temperature (ranging from 200c to 1300c), 10.___________ by a cooling process in a chamber for
2 – 3 days. Finally, the bricks are 11._________ and delivered to their destinations.

Sample B [infrastructure separately highest moderately following how mixing inside tiny distribution]
The diagram provides information on 1.______ the brick is processed for the building 2._____________. There are 7
different stages starting from digging up of clay and 3._____________ of finish product at the end.
In the beginning, the clay is dug up from the ground by a digger. The clay is placed in a metal grid to be broken down into
4._______ pieces. Next, sand and water is added to the clay and mixed by the roller. After the 5._________ process the
mixed product is placed into a molder and cut 6._______________ using a wire cutter to form it shape as a bricks.
7.___________ this, bricks is once again placed 8._________ the oven to dry off for 24-48 hours and 9. ____________
increase its temperature from 200c to 980c, then dramatically increase to 1300c. After reaching the 10.___________ point,
the molded bricks is placed in a chamber room for 2 to 3 day to cool off.
At the end, the bricks are prepared for packaging and delivered by manufacturer in different commercial establishment.

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Exercise 1 The diagrams below give information about the manufacture of frozen fish pies. Summarise the
information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

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Sample A [advance assemble cook cut deliver dispatch dispose freeze involve prepare separate steam]
This diagram shows that there are a number of processes 1.__________ in the commercial production
of 2._________fish pies.
The main ingredients consist of fresh salmon, peas and sauce, with sliced potatoes, and they are
prepared 3.____________. The potatoes, which may have been 4.___________ up to a month in 5._______,
are cleaned, peeled and 6.________ into slices. The slices are boiled and then chilled before being stored
until needed. The 7.__________ of the fish is more labour intensive than the preparation of the potatoes.
Within twelve hours of being delivered to the factory, the fresh fish is cooked by being 8._______ with
lemon juice and salt. Then the skin and bones are removed by hand and 9._________ of, before a visual
inspection takes place.
After this, the pies are 10.__________ in microwaveable containers Peas and sauce, which have also
been prepared, are added to the fish and then the pie is covered with a layer of 11.________ potato slices.
The pies are then wrapped and frozen. At this point they are ready for dispatch, or they may be stored at the
factory before being 12.____________.

Sample B [container continues convenient ingredients manually mixing seasoning subsequently which with]
The diagram describes the production of fish pies. The main 1.____________ are: fresh salmon, peas,
potato slices and sauce. The pie is packaged in a microwaveable 2.__________, which makes it more
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3.___________ for the customers.
The manufacturing starts 4._______ the potato delivery, 5._______ can be done up to one month in
advance. 6.___________the potatoes go through the automated process of cleaning, peeling and slicing.
Then, the process 7.__________ with boiling the potatoes, and after the potato slices are cold enough they
go to a storage bag to be used later.
Unlike the potatoes, the fish delivery has up to a 12 hour window, for freshness reasons. The fish
process begins with 8._________ (lemon juice and salt) and the result goes straight to the steam oven. After,
skin and bones are removed by hand and the salmon is inspected to assure the quality. The pie preparation
consists in 9.________ together prepared peas and sauce with the fish and potatoes. The next step is
10.__________ wrapping the container to go to the freezer. After being frozen the pie goes to factory storage
or are dispatched.

Sample C [composition depicting figure freezer inspected manufactured sprayed through]

The diagrams illustrate the 1.____________ of a fish pie and its production process.
In the first picture, it can be clearly seen that the main ingredients of a fish pie care peas, sauce, fish and
potato. The next 2.________ starts 3.________ the manufacturing process of fish pies that begin with the
delivery of potatoes which are ordered one month in advance. Once it is collected, it is placed in a conveyor
belt that will go 4._________ the process of cleaning (firstly), peeling, slicing, boiling and chilling. After the
potatoes are chilled it will be stored in a bag.
Simultaneously in another conveyor belt, salt and lemon juices are 5.__________ over cut pieces of
fresh salmon which will be kept in oven. Once it is taken out from oven, factory workers removes skins and
bones from the fish pieces, which is further 6.__________ before it is mixed with prepared peas and sauce in
a vessel. With this vessel potato is added that is dropped from the another production line, which is wrapped
in a take-away box. This is further kept in a 7.___________ which will be ready for dispatch and storage.
Finally, the products gets dispatched within 12 hours or less.
Overall, fish pie is takes a long procedure to be 8._______________ which once produced gets
dispatched within half a day.

Exercise 2 The diagram below shows a possible future means of home energy
production.

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第 68 页 共 92 页
Sample A

The diagram shows a process for producing electricity for home use. The equipment consists of a large tank,
boxes and pipes that would be able to fit into a garage-sized room.

Electricity is produced using methane gas, generated from a mix of compost and water in a large steel tank.
The tank is about the same height as a person and about twice as wide. Methane rises to the top of the tank
and is collected and stored in a gas storage system. The stored gas is the fuel source used in the energy
conversions that happen next.

Once compressed in a gas compressor, the methane fuels a combustion engine, which in turn produces
mechanical energy. Having been transferred to a generator, the mechanical energy is then transformed into
electrical energy, which is then stored in a battery. At this stage the electricity is ready for home use.

Sample B

The diagram gives information about the 1.____________ of home energy production.

Overall, it can be seen that Electrical Energy can be 2.__________ from processing natural compost in six
different 3.________. This begins with 4.___________ compost materials and ends with storage of
5.__________ energy in a battery.

At the beginning of the process, a steel tank was contained with leaves, food and other waste products and
was combined with water. Furthermore, this 6.__________ fermented a particular gas. Methane Gas was
7.___________ from the waste materials and it was stored in a reservoir and processed in a compressor.
After that, the compressed gas material from the compressor goes to the combustion engine to produce
Mechanical Energy.

8.____________ that, Mechanical energy was then transferred to a generator and finally as it was
9.___________ released, Electrical Energy was produced. However, before it can be used at home, it should
be collected and stored in a Battery. This process is 10._________ due to the fact that the Electricity for
home usage was gathered here thus making the quantity of energy collected in the battery substantial.

collecting essential extracted following gathered

gradually innovation mixture produced stages

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Exercise 3: The diagram below shows the process of electricity production.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,

and make comparisons where relevant.

The process ______________ the steps in the production of electricity. Looking

from an ______________, it is ______________ that energy production
______________ the ______________ of coal and oxygen ______________ various
______________ including heating that ______________ gases that then
______________ two different types of turbines to produce electricity.

______________, coal is transported by ______________ to a ______________ where it

is heated and combined with oxygen. The waste ______________ of this is
______________ and the desired gas (raw ______________) is then sent for
______________ of its ______________, CO2, mercury, and sulphur, before the
______________ is used to ______________ a ______________ connected to a
______________. This is the first way that elecrtricity is created.

However, the gas turbine using the purified syngas also produces
______________ and these are ______________ in a heat recovery steam generator
(which releases flue gases into the ______________). The generator produces
______________ which turns the turbines of a steam turbine to generate
additional electricity.

The process detail the steps in the product of electricity. Look from an overall perspective, it is readily

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apparent that energy production involve the combine of coal and oxygen undergo various chemical
processes including heating that result in gases that then power two different types of turbines to produce
electricity.
In the earliest stages, coal is transport by ramp to a furnace where it is heated and combined with
oxygen. The waste byproduct of this is slag and the desired gas (raw syngas) is then sent for remove of its
harm contaminants, CO2, mercury, and sulphur, before the purify gas is used to run a gas turbine connecting
to a generator. This is the first way that electricity is created.
However, the gas turbine used the purified syngas also produces excess hot gases and these are utilised
in a heat recovery steam generator (which releases flue gases into the atmosphere). The generator produces
steam which turns the turbines of a steam turbine to generate addition electricity.

Exercise 4: The diagram below shows the production of steam using a gas cooled
nuclear reactor.

back by continuous consists generated flows

heated in power pushes sinks surrounded

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 A gas-cooled nuclear reactor 1.___________ of the reactor itself and a heat exchanger.
The reactor contains uranium fuel elements which are 2.___________ by graphite moderators and topped
by charge tubes for loading fuel elements, and boron control rods. The whole reactor is contained 3.____ a
pressure vessel surrounded 4._____ a concrete shield.

From the reactor the hot gas 5._______ through a duct into the heat exchanger which is outside the
concrete radiation shielding. In the heat exchanger, steam is 6.___________ in a secondary loop. There a
pipe brings in water which is 7.________ to steam, and this then flows out to the turbo-alternator.
Meanwhile the hot gas 8._______ to the bottom of the heat exchanger and passes through a gas blower
which 9.________ it into a cool gas duct and 10._________ to the reactor.

As can be seen, this is a 11.__________ cycle that keeps the reactor from overheating, while carrying away
the heat and steam, which will 12.__________ the turbines.

Exercise 5: The diagram below shows how a central heating system in a house works.

This diagram provides an overview of a domestic central heating system. It shows 1.______ the tank,
boiler and pipes ensure a constant 2.______ of hot water to both the radiators and the taps.
The cold water 3.________ the house and is stored in a water storage tank in the roof. From there it
flows 4.________ to the boiler, 5.________ on the ground floor of the house.
The boiler, which is fueled by gas or oil, heats up the water 6._____ it passes through it. The hot water
is then 7.________ round the house through a system of pipes and flows into the radiators, installed in
different rooms. The water 8.________ through the radiators, which have small tubes inside them to help
9._________ the heat, and this warms each of the rooms. Some of the water is 10._________ to the taps to
provide hot water for the house.
Once the water has been through the pipes and radiators, it is returned to the boiler to be 11.________
and circulated round the house again.

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[as circulates directed distribute down enters flow how located pumped re-heated]

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 IELTS Writing Task 1 --- Maps

Phrases and vocabulary Example sentences

The marsh is north of the hotel = The marsh is to the north of

to the north of/north of
the hotel.

The hotel is to the south of the marsh = The hotel is south of

to the south of/ south of
the marsh

The forest to the east of the river was completely cut down. =
to the east of/ east of
The forest east of the river was completely cut down.

The factory to the west of the school was flattened and

to the west of/ west of relocated. = The factory west of the school was flattened and
relocated.
north east of / to the north east of The sand dunes are north east of the tea room.

north west of / to the north west of The industrial area to the south west of the station was
expanded.
south east of / to the south east of
The shopping centre is relocated to the south west of the town,
south west of / to the south west of which has a population of 50,000.
in the west

in the east Most of the town’s buildings are concentrated in the north.

in the north There were many shops in the east.

in the south
Shops on the south side of the current main road will be
on the south side of
maintained in the future.
on the north side of
The trees on the east side of the river were cut down and a new
office block was built.
on the east side of
The shops along the north side of the new pedestrian street will
on the west side of
be demolished to make way for a bus station.
Northern Southern The house faces northwest.

Eastern Western The northern area is rarely countryside, while the southern area
is filled with houses.
Southeast
There is a school at the end of the fork road in the southwest
Northeast corner and a park in the southeast area.

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 Phrases and vocabulary Example sentences

Southwest
Most factories are located on the northeast side of the town.
Northwest

How To Write an IELTS Map Essay

There are 5 steps to writing a high-scoring IELTS map essay:
1) Analyse the question 2) Identify the main features 3) Write an introduction
4) Write an overview 5) Write the details paragraphs

Ideally, your essay should have 4 paragraphs:

P1 – Introduction P2 – Overview P3 – 1st main feature P4 – 2nd main feature

The maps below show the village of Stokeford in 1930 and 2010.

Step 1 – Analyse the question

You must do 3 things:
1. Select the main features.
2. Write about the main features.
3. Compare the main features.

Step 2 – Identify the Main Features

1) What time periods are shown?
2) What are the main differences between the maps?
3) What features have remained the same over the time period?

Main feature 1: The farmland has been built on.

Main feature 2: The large house has been converted into a retirement home.
Main feature 3: The school has been enlarged.
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Main feature 4: The shops have disappeared.

Paragraph 1 – Introduction
Paragraph 2 – Overview
Paragraph 3 – 1st main feature
Paragraph 4 – 2nd main feature
Step 3 – Write an Introduction
Question:
The maps below show the village of Stokeford in 1930 and 2010.

Introduction (Paragraph 1):

The two maps illustrate how the village of Stokeford, situated on the east bank of the River Stoke, changed
over an 80 year period from 1930 to 2010.

Step 4 – Write an Overview (Paragraph 2)

For example:
Overview (Paragraph 2):
There was considerable development of the settlement over these years and it was gradually transformed
from a small rural village into a largely residential area.

Step 5 – Write the 1st Detail Paragraph

Main feature 1: The farmland has been built on.
Main feature 3: The school has been enlarged.
Paragraph 3:
The most notable change is the presence of housing in 2010 on the areas that were farmland back in 1930.
New roads were constructed on this land and many residential properties built. In response to the
considerable increase in population, the primary school was extended to around double the size of the
previous building.

Step 6 – Write the 2nd Detail Paragraph

Main feature 2: The large house has been converted into a retirement home.
Main feature 4: The shops have disappeared.
Paragraph 4:
Whilst the post office remained as a village amenity, the two shops that can be seen to the north-west of the
school in 1930, no longer existed by 2010, having been replaced by houses. There also used to be an
extensive property standing in its own large gardens situated to the south-east of the school. At some time
between 1930 and 2010, this was extended and converted into a retirement home. This was another
significant transformation for the village.

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第 77 页 共 92 页
Example 1: The diagrams below show the coastal village of Seaville in 1980 and 2010.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make
comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

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Sample A

The maps illustrate 1.____________ changes in the seaside town of Seaville, over a 2._________ period,
from 1980 to 2010.

Overall, the village 2.___________ substantially from a holiday 3.____________ to a permanent town
over the 30 year period. Similarly, 4.___________ and amenities increased, along with the town’s capacity
to 5._________ for tourists.

In 1980, Seaville was tiny, 6.__________only a few tourists, who were accommodated in cottages or a
small hotel. In 7.__________, East Bank was unspoilt. To the east of the cottages, was a marsh, and there
was woodland to the 8.__________. 9.___________ recreation, besides the beach, the town only offered a
tea room.

However, the village underwent changes dramatically by 2010. Retirement villages were built to the west
of the main road. The marsh, on the other hand, was drained and the cottages 10.__________ in order to
construct houses. To 11._________for tourists, both a new high-rise hotel and holiday cottages on East
Bank were 12.________ constructed. The woodlands were then cleared and 13.___________ by a golf
course. Similarly, a boat club was built on the west bank of the river. New infrastructure was created to
14._________ East Bank. On the other hand, the town preserved the original hotel.

【attracting developed infrastructure provide settlement significant thirty-year】

【access cater contrast demolished newly north regarding supplanted】

Sample B

The two maps show the 1.___________ of the same seaside village in 1995 and at 2.___________.

Overall, it is 3.___________ that the infrastructure for housing and recreation has increased at the expense
of agricultural land and 4.__________ fishing.

The most 5.__________ changes are the disappearance of the fishing port and 6.__________ fish market,
as well as the creation of a golf course and tennis courts in the north-east, 7.________ farmland and a
forest park were still found in 1995. Furthermore, a new housing development 8.__________ apartments
is now found on the waterfront at the former site of the fish market, and a number of restaurants have
been built on the 9.__________ side of the road where shops used to be.

There was also an increase in the total number of houses, from 12 in 1995 to 16 at present. In addition, the
road encircling a small housing development west of the main road has been 10.___________ further
westward.

The hotel and cafe in the south-east have remained as is. A new car park has been added next to the hotel.

【adjacent commercial containing evident extended layout notable opposite present】

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第 80 页 共 92 页
Example 2: The maps show the town of Stokeford in 1930 and 2010. Write a
report of at least 150 words, summarizing the main features and making
comparison where relevant.

Sample A
The maps present the 1.___________ that occurred in the town of Stokeford between 1930 and 2010.
Overall, Stokeford increased significantly in 2._____ over the period with house 3.____________ areas that used to be
farmland.
Stokeford is 4.__________ on the east side of the River Stoke. In 1930, there was one main road 5._______ through
the town from north to south. Along each 6._______ of the road were some houses, some shops, a post office, and primary
school. By 2010, the post office still 7.___________, but the shops had been replaced by more houses. There were also new
roads built to 8.__________ the new houses to the main road. Moreover, the primary school had been 9.__________ and
even more houses had been built to the west of the town in an area that was farmland in 1930.
To the southeast of the town, there were some public gardens with a large house, but this was 10.__________ into a
retirement home sometime over the period. Finally, the farmland that had been to the south of the town was also changed
into a new 11.___________ area. (178 words)
【changes connect converted enlarged going housing replacing remained side situated size】

Sample B
The maps provide a comparison of the town of Seatown and the changes it has witnessed from 1995 to the present day.
Since 1995, Seatown has changed dramatically and the town is now almost unrecognizable from how it used to be.
One major change to note is that the forest park and farmland, which were in the town’s east and northeast, have been
cleared in order to make way for a golf course and some tennis courts. another significant difference is that the fishing port
that used to be on the town’s south coast has been demolished and not replaced. Related to this, just above the old fishing
port, the shops and fishing market that used to be there are now rows of restaurant and apartments. Moreover, the hotel to
the east of this has had a car park added on its eastern side. Finally, the residential area in the west and northwest has been
expanded, while an extra road has been constructed to provide access.

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 After analysing the two maps, it is clear that Seatown has been transformed from a small fishing village into a tourist
or entertainment destination. (190 words)
[
Exercise 1: The maps show changes in the village of Meadowside and the town
of Fonton from 1962 to now.

The maps illustrate the developments that took place in Meadowside and the neighbouring town of
Fonton. The maps show the area in three periods: 1962, 1985, and the present.

Overall, both places had large growth and development of buildings and facilities over the period and now
have joined into one large area with Meadowside village now being a suburb of the town of Fonton.

In 1962, the towns were completely separated from each other. Meadowside had a road running through it
from the southwest to the northeast, while Fonton had a rail line passing through from the southeast to
the northwest.

By 1985, both areas had expanded significantly. There was now a road linking the village and the town,
while the old road had also been made bigger to match the size of the new one. In Meadowside, a housing
estate, a leisure center, and a super-store had been built next to the first road.

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Currently, Meadowside and Fonton have joined and the empty area that used to be between them now
has a business park to the south of the road and a hotel to the north. Moreover, a train station has been
added next to the road with a new line connecting to the old one. (205 words)

Sample B

The maps show changes in the village of Meadowside and the town of Fonton from 1962 to now. Write a
report of at least 150 words describing the main features and making comparisons where relevant.

The maps provide a broad outline of the expansion of a village called Meadowside and a town called
Fonton over three periods of time: 1962, 1985, and the present day.

Overall, both areas experienced significant growth, and by the end of the period Meadowside had been
absorbed into Fonton and was now referred to as the suburb of Meadowside.

In 1962, Meadowside and Fonton were separated by a strip of empty land with no transport links
between them. Access to Meadowside was provided by a road running through the village from the
southwest to the northeast, while Fonton was serviced by a railway that passed through the town from the
southeast to the northwest.

Just over two decades later, the two areas had spread out noticeably and had also been joined by a new
road running east-west. In Meadowside, a leisure center and housing estate had been built to the north of
the original road, while a superstore now stood to the south of the housing estate and the old road.

Presently, the two areas have become one and a large amount of new infrastructure has been built in the
empty area that used to lie between the two. A business park has been established to the south of the
connecting road, while on the opposite side of the road to this a train station with a line joining the
original one has been constructed. Finally, sometime between 1985 and now a hote

Exercise 2: The two maps below show an island, before and after the construction of some tourist facilities.

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Sample A

The maps provide an illustration of the changes that took place on a small island when a resort was built on
it.

Before construction of the resort began, the island was deserted with only a few palm trees and a small
beach at the western end.

However, after the resort had been built the island was totally transformed.

In the centre and west of the island, several small bungalows were built to be used as accommodation for
the resort’s guests. Between these buildings, in the centre of the resort, there is a reception area, while
above this, there is a restaurant. In addition, on the south side of the island, a pier was built in order for
boats to have a place to dock. A road for vehicles was built to connect the pier to the reception and
restaurant. Similarly, walking tracks join the accommodation areas to each other, the central area, and also
lead to the beach at the western end, which is now used for swimming.

Overall, a comparison of the two maps show that the island has changed dramatically from an empty piece
of land into a medium-sized resort. (192 words)

Sample B

The maps depict an island before and after some renovation works for tourists and
compares the changed on the island for the constructions. Generally speaking, many

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new facilities have been constructed for tourists, including accommodations,
restaurant, swimming facilities etc. and those have been built without affecting the
natural resources that much.

Before the facilities were constructed, there was only trees and beach on the island
and most of the places were empty. In this island, many new tourists’ facilities have
been made including accommodation facilities, restaurant, reception centre, pier for
boating, swimming facility on the beach and so on. Interestingly plants and trees were
not cut down to build these constructions and most of the constructions were made
near the beach.

Besides, footpaths and roads for commuting have been built to facilitate the tourists.
The footpaths were made to walk between the residing places and the beach while
the motor tracks were created to visit the restaurant, reception area, and pier for
boating.

In summary, the construction was mainly made to facilitate the tourists' stay, visit and
amusement and for that, no plants or trees were cut.

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Exercise 3: The maps below show the town of Langley in 1910 and 1950. Summarise the information by
selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

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Sample A

The two maps show the town of Langley in the years 1910 and 1950 and the urban developments that took
place. ..................(overall/in summary/general), there were a number of notable changes to the buildings
and amenities of this area.

In 1910, the area had a combination of residential and industrial features, but by 1950 the industrial
features had largely disappeared. ..................(when/whereas/meanwhile) in 1910 a railway line ran
through the neighbourhood, by 1950 this had been removed. ..................(furthermore/nevertheless/but),
the townhouses which used to dominate the 1910 map had been replaced by blocks of flats by 1950, and
the areas of wasteland had gone.

.................. (another major change to the area/one thing they did/ what happened) in 1950 was the
development of more commercial and recreational features. The demolition of a second row of houses on
Sherman Street and the removal of the railway line made room for a spacious park and children's play
area. ..................(on the commercial side/thinking commercially/commercially speaking), to the right of the
park some new stores were built on the aptly named New Lane, replacing the small store of 1910, and the
cafe and laundry were relocated.

..................(to sum up/ at last/ final), the area was renovated extensively, seeing fundamental changes to
its residential accommodation, and its commercial and recreational facilities were developed.

Sample B

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The maps depict the extensive changes that happened in the town of Langley between 1910 and 1950
wherein it can be seen that a huge change had occurred after the given time frame.

In detail, there were just two streets in the town in 1910 which were Jordan Street to the East and
Sherman Street in center which travels mostly across the town. However, New Lane Street was added on
the southwest of the town during 1950 and all these streets are now interconnected unlike the past four
decades.

Focusing more on the commercial side of the town, in 1910, the café and laundry shops were transferred
on the northeast corner of the town while stores are now lined across the café on the southwest which
replaced the railway worker’s cottages during 1950. Furthermore, the factory was gone and was replaced
by Sherman Mansions in the north while the townhouses along Jordan Street to the east were erected
with flats.

Moreover, the houses and wasteland below Sherman Street was removed and was changed to a new block
for recreation which was named Sherman Park. Also, the Railway line that runs across the town in the
south was completely gone in 1950.

In summary, there were huge changes in demographics in Langley Town since 1910 up to 1950. These
changes were massive in terms of commercial, industrial, and recreational amenities were improved.

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Exercise 4: The map below is of the town of Garlsdon. A new supermarket (S)
is planned for the town. The map shows two possible sites for the
supermarket.

The first potential location (S1) is outside the town itself, and is sited just off the main road to the town of
Hindon, lying 12 kms to the north-west. This site is in the countryside and so would be able to accommodate
a lot of car parking. This would make it accessable to shoppers from both Hindon and Garlsdon who could
travel by car. As it is also close to the railway line linking the who towns to Cransdon (25 km to the south-
east), a potentially large number of shoppers would also be able to travel by train.

In contrast, the suggested location, S2, is right in the town centre, which would be good for local residents.
Theorically the store could be accessed by road or rail from the surrounding towns, including Bransdon, but
as the central area is a no-traffic zone, cars would be unable to park and access would be difficult.

Overall, neither site is appropriate for all the towns, but for customers in Cransdon, Hindon and Garlsdon,
the out-of-town site (S1) would probably offer more advantages. (179 words)

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Exercise 5: The maps below show the changes that have taken place at Queen Mary
Hospital since its construction in 1960.

The diagrams show Queen Mary Hospital at three different stages in its development: 1960, 1980 and
2000.

In 1960, the hospital was built close to a main road and next to a shopping centre. A large area behind the
hospital was turned into a car park, while the area behind the shopping centre was farmland.

By 1980, the shopping centre had been demolished in order to make way for two additional hospital
building which became a pharmacy and a cancer centre. Furthermore, the hospital gained the farmland
and converted it into a nursing school.

In 2000, the main hospital building remained unchanged but the cancer centre was extended to cover the
entire nursing school. As a result of this, the original car park was divided into two so that it provided a
smaller car park and a small nursing school.

During this period, the hospital has increased in size and, in addition to a new nursing school, a cancer
centre has been created and extended. Hence the capacity of the car park has been reduced by a half.

(178 words)

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Exercise 6: The maps below show the centre of a small town called Islip as it is
now, and plans for its development.

The diagrams illustrate some proposed changes to the central area of the town of Islip.

It is clear that the principal change to the town will be the construction of a ring road around the centre.
Various other developments with regard to shops and housing will accompany the building of this road.

Looking at the map of Islip as it is now, we can see that a main road runs through its centre from east to
west. The second map shows the planned pedestrianisation of this road. Traffic will be diverted on to a
dual carriageway that will form a ring around the town centre.

Currently there is a row of shops along either side of the main road. However, it appears that the shops
along the north side of the new pedestrian street will be demolished to make way for a bus station,
shopping centre, car park and new housing area. The shops along the south side of the street will remain,
but it seems that the town’s park will be reduced in size so that more new houses can be built within the
ring road. (187 words, band 9)

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