International

Championship
Chess
A complete record of FIDE events
with a Foreword by the President, Dr M Euwe

Bee were res

a I METPOGJAH
 $ 13-95

Competitions for the official World Cham-

pionship, held under the management of the
World Chess Federation (FIDE) are a source
of special interest. This book is devoted to
these individual and team competitions,
offering facts and a brief chronicle of their
evolution. It also contains data on the
activities of FIDE, which was founded half a
century ago, on national chess federations,
international grandmasters and masters.

International Championship Chess is an unrivalled

work of reference for every serious chess
player. It records all the major international
chess events held under the auspices of FIDE
(the World Chess Federation) — the most
important of which are the Men’s World
Championship and the Olympiads (World
Team Championships) — from their inception
to the present day.

The other events covered in detail include the

Women’s events, the World Student Cham-
pionship, the European Championship, the
Interzonals and Candidates’ competitions,
correspondence chess and chess for the blind.
There are also lists of grandmasters and
international masters and a specially written
article by the former world champion
Mikhail Botvinnik.

273 selected games, a multitude of records

and many photographs illustrate the story
told by Bozidar Kazi¢, one of Yugoslavia’s
foremost chess journalists and one of the
leading officials of the World Chess Federation.
Kazic has first-hand knowledge of many of
the events he describes, notably the Fischer-
Taimanov Candidates’ Match of 1971 which
he refereed.

Pitman Chess Series

Walter Korn, General Editor
International
Championship Chess

A complete record of FIDE events

Foreword by the President, Dr. M. Euwe

B Kazic

Pitman Publishing Corporation

New York
Pitman Chess Series
Walter Korn, General Editor

First published 1974

© B. Kazié 1974
ISBN 0-273-07078-9
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 74—81982

Printed and bound in Great Britain by

Cox & Wyman Ltd, London, Fakenham and Reading

Note on the author

Bozidar M. Kazi¢ is a prominent Yugoslav chess official, an international

chess referee, member of the FIDE Bureau and a journalist. He is the
Secretary-General of the Yugoslav Chess Federation, and as of 1960 a
permanent delegate to FIDE. He took part in the first Yugoslav Chess
Championship in 1945. He was the winner of the 1954 Yugoslav Correspon-
dence Championship.
He was the head referee at the match between the USSR and the World
in Belgrade, 1970; the Fischer-Taimanov match in Vancouver, 1971; and
many other competitions.
He has written several books and publications on chess: A Chess Handbook,
a book in conjunction with M. Yudovich on matches between the USSR and
Yugoslavia, as well as a book on the Candidates’ Matches of 1968. As a
journalist for the Yugoslav news agency Tanjug, he has written many
prominent chess commentaries and interviews which were given wide
coverage in all Yugoslav papers. He was this agency’s on-the-spot reporter at
the Fischer-Spassky match in Reykjavik. Tanjug was the first news agency
in the world to announce that Fischer had become the new world champion.
Its reporter was the first to call in that Spassky had resigned the 21st game of
the match.
Contents

List of Illustrations
Foreword by the President of FIDE, Dr M. Euwe
Acknowledgements
Introduction
List of abbreviations
The World Chess Federation — Champion of
Co-operation and Friendship
The Chess Olympiads
The Women’s Chess Olympiads
The World Student Team Championship
‘Marathon Interzonal Tournaments
Candidates Tournaments and Matches
World Champions and their Challengers
Botvinnik on his Meetings with World Champions
The Women’s World Championship
Women World Chess Champions
OO The World Junior Championships
—-
bO
OO
HP
OH
DD
WAN
—

The Regional Competitions

International Correspondence Chess Federation
The Permanent FIDE Commission for Chess Compositions
International Braille Chess Association
International Chess Title-holders
ee
NO
OO
PP
GO The World Chess Federation (Address List)
“SID

Index of Games and Positions

The Illustrations

Photographs between pages 184 and 185

Wilhelm Steinitz 31 Pal Benko
Emanuel Lasker 32 Botvinnik paces, Tal ponders
José Raoul Capablanca USA team, Skopje 1972
Alexander Alekhine Botvinnik, Tal, Petrosian,
Dr Max Euwe Smyslov, Spassky
Dr Mikhail Botvinnik Petrosian suggests a move to
Vasily Smyslov Castro
Mikhail Tal Demonstration board, Havana
Tigran Petrosian 1966
= Petrosian v Spassky
—COMO
MON
h
DO
ON Playing Hall, Havana Olympiad
12 Robert Fischer Spassky v Larsen
The Petrosian family USSR v World, Belgrade 1970
The Spassky family Fischer, Kazi¢é and Taimanov
Samuel Reshevsky Robert Byrne v Smyslov, Skopje
Robert Hiibner playing Petrosian 1972
Laszlo Szabo The 1972 World Championship
Euwe playing Svetozar Gligorié Match
Miguel Najdorf
Victor Korchnoi
Paul Keres
Line drawings in text
Bent Larsen
Ljubomir Ljubojevi¢ page
Anatoly Karpov First Day Cover for Fischer—
Henrique Mecking Spassky World Championship
Lajos Portisch Match, 1972 2
Nana Alexandria Tigran Petrosian (caricature) 188
Nona Gaprindashvili Mikhail Tal (caricature) 189
29 Jana Hartston v Milunka Fischer’s scoresheet against
Lazarevic, Skopje 1972 Taimanov 1971 202
30 1959 Candidates Tournament Mikhail Botvinnik (caricature) 243
Foreword

By the President of FIDE

The activities of the International Chess Federation (FIDE) started in 1924

at Paris, and since then have been extended regularly. Since the second world
war they have increased in such a way that it becomes difficult to keep
control of everything.
It is therefore a good idea to bring together all events and facts, con-
veniently arranged in one book, which will have immense documentary
value for organizers, officials, authors, players and for many more chess-
interested groups. |
At Paris in 1924 a team tournament was held between more than ten
countries and at the same time a tournament for the amateur world cham-
pionship took place. This last-mentioned event was only repeated in 1928
and after that FIDE rightly abandoned this kind of competition, as it
became clear that in chess the line between amateur and professional could
not be drawn in a fair and proper way.
In the years between the two world wars the team tournaments were held
at intervals of one or two years, depending upon circumstances, such as the
organization of other activities in the chess world. The number of participat-
ing teams was gradually growing, and in Buenos Aires, 1939, a record of 27
was reached.
After the war FIDE took over the regulation of the individual world
championship — the highest honour in chess — and then continually developed
new activities. To mention a few: the ladies’ world championship, ladies’
team world championship, junior world championship, students’ team world
championship, etc., and the end is still not in sight.
A complete documentation of all these events and much much more (273
selected games and positions from all FIDE competitions and details about
related fields such as correspondence chess and chess competitions) is found
in International Championship Chess. Moreover lists of grandmasters, masters,
presidents, vice-presidents, etc.
All this is invaluable for anyone who wishes to know something about the
chess world, its extension, its aims; to write about chess; to organize chess
events; to occupy a post in a chess club or federation; to get an impression of
the activities in a special field that has recently been coming more and more
into the limelight — in short, to complete his general knowledge about chess.
In the year of the 50th anniversary of FIDE I may recommend this publi-
cation with warmth and great conviction.

Prof. Dr M. Euwe
President of FIDE

Acknowledgements

Dr Mikhail Botvinnik for the article ‘Botvinnik on his Meetings with

World Champions’
Dr Max Euwe for the foreword
Ozren Nedeljkovié for the articles “The Chess Olympiads’ and
‘World Champions and Their Challengers’
Vladimir Sokolov for the article ‘The Women’s World Champion-
ship’
Kristina Zorié for English language translation
Kevin O’Connell for the article ‘International Braille Chess
Association’, editing the manuscript and com-
piling the index

All other material, tables and data have been compiled by the author, who
has also provided most of the illustrations. For the remainder, the Author and
Publishers would like to thank British Chess Magazine for figs 35-7, Camera
Press for figs 11-12 and 42, Spotphoto for fig. 38 and Vancouver Sun for fig. 40.
Introduction

The popularity of chess has reached in our day undreamt of heights.

Interest in this ancient game has grown throughout the world. This ‘expan-
sion’, which is unprecedented in the long history of chess, has encouraged its
followers to study the achievements recorded by great masters of the present
and past, and to delve into the history of great chess competitions.
Competitions for the official World Championship, held under the
management of the World Chess Federation (FIDE) are a source of special
interest. This book is devoted to these individual and team competitions,
offering facts and a brief chronicle of their evolution. It also contains data
on the activities of FIDE, which was founded half a century ago, on national
chess federations, international grandmasters and masters.
The dry figures listed in the tables conceal the interesting and exciting
history of battles waged at the greatest chess competitions for the World
Championship. This is a chronicle of creativity in chess, a history of the
evolution of chess and the birth of great chess artists.
We wanted to refresh the factual data with interesting sidelines and selected
games. We are especially grateful to former World Champion Mikhail M.
Botvinnik, for writing a special article for this book on his meetings with
World Champions. At our request, he also made a selection of games from
World Championship matches played after World War II. We asked Mr.
Botvinnik to select what was in his opinion the best game out of each match.
We should also like to express our gratitude to grandmasters S. Gligorié and
B. Ivkov, international master R. Marié and master V. Sokolov for their
assistance in the selection of games. Master O. Nedeljkovié and V. Sokolov
wrote special articles for this book.
We found Polish master S. Gawlikowski’s excellent book (Olimpiady
Szachowe) of exceptional aid as a reference guide for the olympiads. We also
used material from Arpad Foldeak’s Chess Olympiads, Livre d’Or de la FIDE
and many other books and periodicals.
This book was published in Yugoslavia in shorter form, while the English
edition has been updated, contains more games, tables and articles. We hope
that this book may serve as a chess reference and textbook for journalists,
organizers, chess players and all those interested in chess.
I should like to express my gratitude to the firm of B. T. Batsford Ltd.
which has published many prominent books on chess, for their offer to have
my book appear in English.

B. M. Kazié
October 1973
Abbreviations of Names of Countries

Austria Italy
Albania Israel
Argentine India
Australia Iceland
Belgium Latvia
W. Germany Lithuania
Bulgaria Mexico
Brazil Mongolia
Cuba Norway
Canada Netherlands
Switzerland Palestine
Chile Paraguay
Colombia Philippines
Czechoslovakia Poland
E. Germany Puerto Rico
Denmark Romania
Spain Indonesia
Ecuador Sweden
England South Africa
Estonia Scotland
France Finland
Germany Singapore
Greece Tunisia
Hungary Venezuela
Hong Kong Yugoslavia
1 The World Chess Federation —
Champion of Co-operation and Friendship

The World Chess Federation (FIDE) was founded on July 20, 1924 in
Paris. The protocol on the founding of the organization was signed by
the representatives of 15 countries: Argentina, Belgium, Canada,
Czechoslovakia, Finland, France, Great Britain, Holland, Hungary,
Italy, Poland, Romania, Spain, Switzerland and Yugoslavia.
Alexander Rueb, the Netherlands, was elected as the World Chess
Federation’s first president, and held this post from 1924 to 1949, when
he was succeeded by Mr Folke Rogard, Sweden, who held this office
from 1949 to 1970. Former world champion Dr Max Euwe was
elected FIDE’s next president at its 1970 Congress in Siegen.
Although it set itself ambitious tasks, during the first decade of its
existence FIDE limited its activities to organizing chess Olympiads.
It exercised no influence on the system of competition for the world
title.
FIDE?’s weak point was also reflected in its modest number of member
countries, and especially the void created by the absence of the Soviet
Union. FIDE’s regeneration began in 1946 and 1947, when it decided
to take into its own hands the organization of a system for the World
Championship and all competencies in world chess. The Soviet Union
joined FIDE in 1947. Now it was a universal, united and strong chess
organization.
FIDE also took over all responsibility concerning the awarding of
international titles, the organization of team and individual competi-
tion for the World Championship, etc.
FIDE bases its activities on democratic principles, which exclude any
discrimination. It strives towards the development of chess and the
promotion of co-operation and friendship between the chess players of
the world. FIDE’s motto Gens Una Sumus (We are one family) has
been whole-heartedly adopted by all the members of this large ‘family’.
FIDE includes some 86 member countries, with about four million
registered chess players. All members belong to one of ten zones,
2 The World Chess Federation — Champion of Co-operation and Friendship

geographically delineated, which serve as the starting point for all

tournaments for the world championship title.
Here is a survey of FIDE’s congresses according to year and place:
1924, Paris; 1925, Ziirich; 1926, Budapest; 1927, London; 1928, The
Hague; 1929, Venice; 1930, Hamburg; 1931, Prague; 1932, Paris;
1933, Folkestone; 1934, Ziirich; 1935, Warsaw; 1936, Lucerne; 1937,
Stockholm; 1938, Paris; 1939, Buenos Aires; 1946, Winterthur; 1947,
The Hague; 1948, Saltsjébaden; 1949, Paris; 1950, Bellevue, Copen-
hagen; 1951, Venice; 1952, Saltsj6baden; 1953, Schaffhausen; 1954,
Amsterdam; 1955, Géteborg; 1956, Moscow; 1957, Vienna; 1958,
Dubrovnik; 1959, Luxembourg; 1960, Leipzig; 1961, Sofia; 1962,
Saltsj6baden; 1963, Basel; 1964, Tel Aviv; 1965, Wiesbaden; 1966,
Havana; 1967, Venice; 1968, Lugano; 1969, San Juan; 1970, Siegen;
1971, Vancouver; 1972, Skopje; 1973, Helsinki.

EINVIG! ALDARINNAR

I972

a N 8776

First Day Cover for Fischer-Spassky World Championship Match, 1972.

2 The Chess Olympiads

The general promotion of chess in the world owes a great deal to com-
petitions officially known as ‘the Tournament of Nations’, or the World
Team Championship, and more popularly as the ‘Chess Olympiads’.
This latter title has been accepted so widely that the official name has
been almost forgotten. ‘This is quite understandable, given the fact that
the Olympiads date back over 30 centuries. The ancient Olympics
gathered together not only athletes but also poets, who read their verse;
philosophers, who expounded their learning; statesmen, who used the
occasion to negotiate and conclude agreements.
The idea of peace, understanding and mutual respect today still
permeates those taking part in the Olympic Games and the chess
Olympiads. Under the motto Gens Una Sumus elected representatives
from various nations and all continents gather together at the chess
Olympiads.
The English master Howard Staunton, organizer of the first inter-
national chess tournament on a modern basis in London in 1851, was
also the first to come upon the idea of bringing together chess players
from all over the world into a united organization holding organized
meetings. It was too early, however, for such massive international com-
petitions as the “Tournament of Nations’. The main obstacle was the
time element involved in travel. A team from Australia or Indonesia,
for example, faced a long trip in coming to Europe. It was only after
World War I, when regular airline routes were established, that any
thought could be given to organizing chess Olympiads.
The World Chess Federation was founded at the congress in Paris on
July 20, 1924. At that time the French capital was playing host to the
Fighth Sports Olympics, and its organizers defined chess as a sport,
wishing to include it in their programme. With the founding of FIDE,
however, this organization was entrusted with the task of holding
special chess Olympiads. Paris 1924 saw the first attempt at such
competitions, but for want of experience, it failed. The organizers of the |
Eighth Sports Olympics demanded that only amateurs be permitted to
4 The Chess Olympiads

take part in the chess competitions, and this presented a serious

obstacle, for it is impossible, when speaking of chess, to draw a clear line
between amateurs and professionals.
Nor was any success recorded in 1926 in Budapest, during the 3rd
FIDE Congress. Invitations were late in being sent out, so that only
four countries were represented. As a result, the competition was called
the ‘Little Olympiad’.
Thus, it was left to the English to succeed in organizing the First
Chess Olympiad in London in 1927, whose regulations, in the main,
have survived to this very day. Matches between competing teams are
played on four boards. Each member-country of FIDE is allowed to
send a four-man team with two reserves to the Olympiad, the pre-war
Olympiads permitted only one reserve per team. Matches are held
between all the competing teams. Rating is based not on the number of
match wins, but on the sum total of points. Later, because of the
increasing number of participating teams, semi-finals were introduced.
The modest income it earns from membership fees paid by national
associations makes it impossible for FIDE to organize Olympiads on its
own. Hence, the organization of the Olympiads is left to individual
national federations. Before the war, the Olympiads were held irreg-
ularly, if and when a federation volunteered to take over the organiza-
tion. Eight Olympiads were held prior to World War II: London 1927,
The Hague 1928, Hamburg 1930, Prague 1931, Folkestone 1933, War-
saw 1935, Stockholm 1937 and Buenos Aires 1939. Since 1950, the
Olympiads have been held every other year.
Many international masters and Grandmasters recorded their first
international success at these Olympiads, thus earning fame. So, for
example, Stahlberg and Kashdan earned their reputation in The
Hague in 1928, Eliskases and Flohr at Hamburg in 1930, Mikenas in
Prague in 1931, Lilienthal at Folkestone in 1933, Keres, Najdorf,
Szabo, Dr Trifunovic, B66k, Bolbochan and others in Warsaw in 1935,
Yanofsky then a 14-year-old boy at Buenos Aires 1939. One of the
important aspects of the Olympiads is their role in discovering ‘new
stars’.
The increasing number of participating countries in the “Tournament
of Nations’ bears witness to its meaning and importance for the world of
chess. The Olympiads serve to develop chess, and enable chess players
from all over the world to meet each other and form friendships, thus
working for the idea of peace. They play a specific cultural and social
role in the life of mankind.
 Olympiad, London, 1927 5

Results attained, games played, the style of play etc. offer a picture of
the strength and quality of chess in each country, revealing the quality
of rising generations of players, as well as the psychological and other
traits of individual national players. Current theoretical variations are
tried and tested in innumerable games, thus reaching speedier and
more effective conclusions and truths than at the largest of tourna-
ments. All of this combines to make the chess Olympiads, together with
the founding of FIDE, the greatest achievement of the century in the
game on 64 squares.

Winners of World Team Championships (Olympiads)

No of teams
1927 London Hungary 40, Denmark 384, England 36} 16
1928 The Hague Hungary 44, USA 394, Poland 57 17
1930 Hamburg Poland 484, Hungary 47, Germany 44} “18
1931 Prague USA 48, Poland 47, Czechoslovakia 464 19
1933 Folkestone USA 39, Czechoslovakia 374, Poland 34 I5
1935 Warsaw USA 54, Sweden 524 Poland 52 20
1937 Stockholm USA 544, Hungary 483, Poland 47 19
1939 Buenos Aires Germany 36, Poland 354, Estonia 334 27
1950 Dubrovnik Yugoslavia 454, Argentina 434, W. Germany 40} 16
1952 Helsinki USSR 21, Argentina 194, Yugoslavia 19 25
1954 Amsterdam USSR 34, Argentina 27, Yugoslavia 264 26
1956 Moscow USSR 1, Yugoslavia 263, Hungary 264 34
1958 Munich USSR 344, Yugoslavia 29, Argentina 254 36
1960 Leipzig USSR 34, USA 29, Yugoslavia 27 40
1962 Varna USSR 314, Yugoslavia 28, Argentina 26 37
1964 Tel Aviv USSR 364, Yugoslavia 32, W. Germany 30$ 50
1966 Havana USSR 394, USA 343, Hungary 334 52
1968 Lugano USSR 394, Yugoslavia 31, Bulgaria 30 53
1970 Siegen USSR 273, Hungary 263, Yugoslavia 26 60
1972 Skopje USSR 42, Hungary 403, Yugoslavia 38 63

I Olympiad, London
July 16-29, 1927
In the annals of chess, the year 1927 is one of important events. Alek-
hine won the chess throne from Capablanca and thus became the
fourth consecutive official champion. Numerous international tourna-
ments were held, the most significant of which were New York and
Kecskemet. The first Chess Olympiad and the first Women’s World
Championship were held in London.
6 The Chess Olympiads —

Sixteen teams competed in Westminster Central Hall, marking an

organizational coup for the British Chess Federation. This number
would have been even higher had not certain applications, such as
those from the United States and Poland, been rejected for over-
stepping the deadline. Enthralled by the grandiose spectacle, an Eng-
lish chess fan, the Hon. F. G. Hamilton-Russell donated a gold-plated
trophy for the winner. For the British Chess Federation, the ‘Tourna-
ment of Nations meant a cost of 2,000 pounds. Expenses were paid for
four players from each team.
The official opening of the first Tournament of Nations took place on
July 18, 1927 precisely as the bell in Westminster Abbey sounded the
hour of noon. After the official luncheon, the President of the British
Chess Federation, Canon Gordon Ross welcomed the guests.
In getting the first Olympiad together, the organizers had announced
that no distinction would be made between professionals and amateurs.
This had a positive effect on the competitive strength of the teams,
while at the same time it avoided any argument.
At the first chess Olympiad the players were not tied to a particular
board, so that the captain could place them for each match according
to his desire.
If success were to be calculated on the basis of match points rather
than total points, the standing would appear as follows: 1 Denmark
114; 2 Hungary 11; 3 Holland 104; 4-6 England, Czechoslovakia and
Germany 10 etc.
Dr Tartakower joked in his commentary: “The Hungarian team won
in spite of the fact that it was the “‘strongest’’’. The winning team
comprised Mardéczy, Dr Nagy, Dr Vajda, E. Steiner and Havasi.
Grandmaster Géza Mardéczy, who was also the captain of the team,
played twelve times, resting for three rounds. He scored six wins and six
draws.
‘The game between Palau of Argentina and Kalabar of Yugoslavia in
which the Yugoslav master conceded defeat after the fifth move became
famous! 1 P-QO4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-K3 3 N-KB3 B-N5+ 4 B-Q2
K-K2?? (A slip of the hand! The plan had been 4... Q-K2)
5 BxXB-+ Kalabar now made the impossible move 5... K XB and
when people started laughing he realized what he had done and
immediately resigned. The press made the most of this game.
At the closing ceremony, the captain and top board of the Hungarian
team grandmaster Géza Maréczy was presented with the Hamilton-
Russell Challenge Trophy. Second place went to the Danish team,
 Olympiad, London, 1927 7

which in spite of the absence of Grandmaster Nimzowitsch kept at the

heels of the Hungarians all the way to the final round.
Teg) Sree G7 Gen LO Pele 1S? 1401616
1 Hungary x 1 2414 3 3 3 14 4 3 14 34 3 34 24 34 40
2 Denmark 3 x 24 2 34 14 24 24 1 2 23 3 3 2 34 4 383
3 England 143 14 x 3 14 14 24 3 34 2 34 24 24 3 2 3 363
4 Holland eee, Lex oi ge 2 1d) 2)°3h 4 220 Li Ban 2n2ee 685
5 Czechoslovakia 1 $ 24 1 x I$ 24 24 24 24 «1 4 «24 34 3 4 ~=«344
6 Austria 1 24 24 14 24 x 2 14 3 14 24 24 3 14 34 3 34
7 Germany 1 1414 2 13 2 x 3 24 24 3 23 24 24 3 3 34
8 Switzerland 24 14 1 24 14 24 1 xk 2 14 24:14 2 34 34 3 32
9 Yugoslavia Osis 214 Lold, 2 Bee2d, Sais 3492) 43 Se 780
10 Italy 1 2 2 $ 1$ 24 14 23:13 x «+1 24 2 3:3 «2 ~=« 284
11 Sweden 24 14 4 O 3 14:1«14 «I 3 x «14 4 «2s 3s 2428
12 Argentina % 1 1 2 O 14 14 23 24 14 24 x 14 3 2 34 27
13 France Io ha TeeSotldie lle 2°) 4 2200 2h Sele 3 ode
14 Belgium Hie 1 Qee 26.14 4 2 1.28 1 1 xk «1b 2 21g
15 Finland 14424 14 14 21£i1éidi1« 2 3 «2 x 34 «213
16 Spain SLO IIS Ol ol Val 2 leweol: 2 eas x Lae

Chess Olympiads, which are in essence of a team character, practise

the traditional custom of awarding special prizes for the best individual
results. At the first Olympiads, prizes were awarded to players who
scored the highest percentage of won points; there were cases when two
or more players at the same board also had the highest percentage.
The number of games played and the board on which play took place
were also taken into consideration.
The Olympiad in Buenos Aires offers a special case. This was the
first time that preliminary competitions were held. Awards were given
separately for individual success in the final group ‘A’ and separately
for players in the final group ‘B’. Only the results of the finals were
taken into consideration.
At the post-war Olympiads, special awards were given for the best
success at each board, so that there was one award to each board. As
FIDE has not laid down firmly fixed rules in this respect, the organizers
usually decide on the special awards. At certain Olympiads, awards
were presented for the best result on top board only (for example at
Munich in 1958), while at others, the awards went to the player who
had collected the greatest number of points, etc. ‘The Olympiad regula-
tions merely stipulate that the players must be informed in advance of
the proposed special prizes, and recommend that the contestant should
have played a ‘considerable number of games’ to be considered eligible,
and that the result be evaluated in terms of percentage.
8 The Chess Olympiads

The organizers of the Olympiads have usually considered for the

prize those players who have played 66—73°% of the games (for reserves
about 50% of the possible number of games).
In addition to data on the Olympiads, we have included some of the
leading players’ individual results. In certain cases we have listed those
who did not play a ‘considerable number’ of games. Those competitors
who played fewer games are marked with an asterisk. The figures given
for the individual scores indicate games won, drawn and lost, total
number of points and percentage, in that order.
In addition, we have included some of the interesting games.
Individual Results Reserve
Schelfhout NL 110 14 75-0
Board 1
Havasi H 431 5% 69:0
Réti Cz 76-6
Maréczy H 75:0
Yates (England) -
Grinfeld A 73+1
Dr Asztalos (Yugoslavia)
Dr Euwe NL 70-0
Atkins Eng 58-3
Ruy Lopez
H. Johner CH 57:2
Kostié Ny 56:7 Awarded a special prize as one of the
Tarrasch G 56:7 two best games.
A. Nilsson S 56:7 1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 B-N5
Koltanowski B wo
WIAD
LROROMNW
HW 56:7
ONONOAONND
ND
=
COO
=|
OK
PDO P-QR3 4 B-R4 N-B3 5 0-0 B-K2 6 R-
K1 P-QN4 7 B-N3 P-Q3 8 P-B3 0-0
Board 2 9 P-KR3 N-QR4 10 B-B2 P-B4 11 P-
Norman-Hansen Dk 80-0 Q4 Q-B2 12 QN-Q2 N-B3 13 P-Q5
Nagy H 67:8 N-Q1 14 N-B1l N-K1 15 P-KN4 P-N3
Gilg Cz 57:6 16 N-N3 N-KN2 17 K-R2 P-B3 18
Yates Eng oF B-K3 N-B2 19 R-KN1 B-Q2 20 R-N2
Zimmermann CH 57:2 K-R1 21 Q-K2 R-KNI1 22 N-Q2 Q-Bl
Kmoch A ee
oO
PsNM
2 Oo
ho
oo
Oo
© OO
ND
OO
Oo
ND 54:2 23 R/I-KN1 P-QR4 24 P-B3 P-N5 25
P-QB4 Q-N2 26 K-RIl QR-KBI1 27
Board 3
P-KR4 Q-BI 28 P—R5 P-N4 29 P-R6!
Thomas Eng 80-0
E. Andersen Dk 66-7
Carls G 63-3
Kroone NL 60-0
Monticelli I 60-0
Lokvenc A Ayden
8de0
hPN
ORO
wo
how
wo 58-3

Board 4
A. Steiner H 65-3
Ruben Dk 63-3
W. Michel CH 62-5
Palau Arg 60-0
Spencer DD—
OF
mh
Oh
Oo
NOnNnHSND 58-3
 Olympiad, London, 1927. 9

N-K1 30 N-B5 B-Q1 31 R-R2 R-N3 32 B-Q3 6 B-Q3 0-0 7 0-0 B-KN5 8
R-N3 BXN 33 KPXB RXP 34 RXR B-KN5 P-B3 9 P-KR3 B-R4 10 P-KN4
NxR 35 Q-R2 N-N1 36 R-R3 R-B2 37 B-N3 11 N-K5 Q-N3 12 BXN PxB 13
B-R4 B-K2 38 N-K4 Q-QI1 39 K-NIl N-B3 Q x NP 14 N-K2 Q-N3 15 N-R4
N-B2 40 Q-QB2 N-R1 41 R-R1 N-N3 R-K1 16 N-B5 B-Bl 17 N/2-N3 N-Q2
42 B-B6 B-Bl 43 P-N3 R-KN2 44 18 Q-B3 Q-B2 19 K-RI B-N2 20
Q-R2 B-K2 45 Q-R5 (J) 45... P-R5? R-KN1 K-R1 21 N-R5 BxN/B4 22
46 K-N2! Q-NI1 47 B-K8! Q-Q1 48 QxB N-Bl 23 NxB KxN 24 P-N5!
B-N6 P-R3 49 B-B7 B-Bl 50 BxN N-N3 (2) 25 PxP+ K-RI1 26 R-N4
R xB 51 Q-B7 B-N2 52 Q-N6 R-BI 53
BxNP 1-0

Griinfeld (Austria) —
in fin @
Dr Euwe (Holland)
W27 4a
Bogoljubow
Awarded a special prize as one of the
two best games.
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 N-KB3 P-K3 3 P-B4
B-N5+ 4 B-Q2 Q-K2 5 P-KN3 0-0
6 B-N2 BxB+ 7 N/2xB P-Q3 8 0-0
P-K4 9 P-K4! B-N5 10 P-Q5 Q-Q?2 11
Maar a CLLLE LOL ELL LO a 58

Q-N3 P-QN3? 12 P-B5! N-K1 13 P-B6 R-K3 27 Q-R5 Q-Q1 28 P-KB4 QOxP
Q-B1 14 N-R4 P-QR4 15 P-B3 B-R6 16 29 P-B5 R-K6 30 PXN Q-B6+4 31
P-B4 N-R3 17 Q-QB3 PxP 18 PxP K-R2? (31 K-N1! The text allows 31...
BxB 19 N-B5! K-R1 20 K xB N-B4 21 R-K7+! with a draw by perpetual.)
N-KN3 N-B3 22 QR-K1 Q-N5 23 31... BPXP 32 Q-R4 R-KBI1 33 RxP
P-KR3 Q-N3 24 Q-B3 KR-KI1 25 R-B5 34 Q-R6! QxP+ 35 QxQ
K-R2 N-N1 26 R-KN1 Q-B3 27 P-K5! RxQ+ 36KxR PxR 37 R-K1I RxXP
Q-N3 28 N/3-K4! Q-R3 29 N-N5 R- 38 R-K7 R-QN5 39 P-R3 R-N8 40
K2 30 P-K6! PxP 31 PxP R-KBI 32 BxP R-QR8 41 RxP RxP+ 42
N-B7+ R/1xN 33 PxRRxP 34 KR- K-N4 P-B4 43 K-N5 1-0
Bl N-K3 35 Q-N4! NxP 36 R-K8!
P-KN4 37 N-B3 R-N2 38 NxP Q-N3
39 OxN QxR 40 N-B7+ RXN 41 Yates (England) —
QxR Q-K4+ 42 K-RI Q-K5+ 43 Dr Naegeli (Switzerland)
Q-B3 Q xQ+ 44RxQ K-N2 45 K-N2
N-B3 46 K-N3 K-B2 47 K-B4 K-K3 48 Sicilian
R-K3+ K-Q4 49 K-B5 K-Q5 50 R-K7
N-Q4 51 Rx RP K-B4 52 P-KR4KxP 1 P-K4 P-OB4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3
53 P-R5 P-N4 54 P-R6 1-0 P-O4 PxP 4 NxP N-B3 5 N-QB3
P-Q3 6 B-K2 P-K3 7 0-0 B-K2 8
Maréczy (Hungary) - K-R1 0-0 9 B-K3 P-QR3 10 P-B4 Q-B2
Réti (Czechoslovakia) 11 Q-K1 B-Q2 12 Q-N3 QR-BI 13
QR-Q1 KR-Q1 14 P-K5 N-Q4? 15
French |
N/3xN PxN 16 NxN PXN 17 B-Q4
1 P-K4 P-K3 2 P-Q4 P-O4 3 B-B1 18 P-B5! P-B4 19 PxP QxP 20
N-QB3 N-KB3 4 PxP PxP 5 N-B3 B-K5 Q-QB3 21 Bx NP 1-0
10 The Chess Olympiads

Maréczy (Hungary) - N-QN5 14 Q-QN3 N-R3 15 Q-Q3

Vukovié (Yugoslavia) Q-R4 16 B-Q2 Q-KB4 17 Q-QN3!
P-Né4 18 Q-R3 N-B2 19 P-KN4 Nx NP
Alekhine
20 PXN QxNP+ 21 Q-KN3 QxQ+
1 P-K4 N-KB3 2 P-K5 N-Q4 3 P-Q4 22 PXQ PxP 23 B-R5! N-N4 24 R-Q1
P-Q3 4 N-KB3 B-N5 5 B-K2 N-Q2 6 P-Q4 25 N-QB3 N-Q3 26 R-Q2 P-
P-KR3! B-R4 7 N-N5! B-N3 8 P-K6 KR3 27 N-B3 P-N4 28 N-K5 R-B1 29
N/2-B3 9 B-Q3 Q-B1 10 Bx BBPxB 11 N-N6 R-KN1 30 R-KB1 N-N2 31
0-0 P-B3 12 Q-Q3 Q-B2 13 P-QB4 R/2-KB2 1-0

2 Olympiad, The Hague

Fuly 21—-August 5, 1928
The second official chess Olympiad in The Hague included one team
more than the previous London Olympiad, but it was much poorer in
quality. Many Grandmasters and international masters were absent,
for at the previous FIDE Congress the British Chess Federation had
fought for a decision to permit only non-professionals to play in the
tournament of nations. In order to avoid trouble and confusion, several
Grandmasters refused to come to the Hague although they could not
actually be proven professionals. The Hungarian team arrived without
Maréczy, the Czechoslovaks without Réti, and so on. While the
number of competitors increased, the average quality of games went
down.
And yet arguments arose as to who was and who was not an amateur.
The British Chess Federation suspected the Americans of sending
professionals and in protest withdrew its team from taking part in the
second chess Olympiad. The Americans already felt bitter towards the
English, who had for formal reasons refused to receive the American
team at the previous Olympiad in London. The conflict between the
two federations grew in intensity, and many fearfully awaited the
opening of the 5th FIDE Congress scheduled for the Hague at the same
time as the Olympiad.
The Congress, however, evolved quite peacefully. The proposal,
put by M. Robinow, the German delegate, that chess competitions
and tournaments of nations should not distinguish between amateurs
and professionals was given the full support of even the British Chess
Federation delegate, Mr Wahltuch! Hence, those who had hoped to
create a split in chess were finally ‘checked’.
The obstacles hampering the normal development of chess life were
 Olympiad, The Hague, 1928 11

finally surmounted at the Hague, but it was too late to change anything
for the 2nd Olympiad and it was run according to the regulations laid
down the previous year by the FIDE Congress in London.
The Hague Olympiad was composed of two events: the individual
tournament of amateurs, chiefly international masters, and the
Tournament of Nations. The conditions remained the same as at the
previous Olympiad in London. Three rounds were played in two days,
at a rate of 20 moves per hour.
The individual tournament produced the following results: 1 Dr
Euwe Holland 13, 2 Przepiorka Poland 11, 3 Mattison Latvia 10, 4-6
Golmayo Spain, Dr Treybal Czechoslovakia and Whitaker USA 93,
7 Carls Germany 9, 8 Becker Austria 7, 9-11 Chéron France, Rosselli
Italy and Nilsson Sweden 6, 12-14 Araiza Mexico, Chepurnov Finland
and L. Steiner Hungary 34, 15-16 Tyroler Romania and Henneberger
Switzerland 3.
The winner of the tournament, Dr Euwe, was the second and last
chess player to bear the title of ‘amateur World Champion’. His pre-
decessor, Mattison, won the title in 1924 in Paris at the unofficial chess
Olympiad.
The Hamilton-Russell trophy once again went into the now even
stronger and surer hands of the Hungarian team for the second time in
a row.
By taking second place the American team intimated that it would
play a large role in the Olympiads, for it had a large number of

Le 2eeeeaeeee 6 7 89 104) 12 AS d14 15 162

1 Hungary x 14 3 2 34 2414 3 34 3 3 24 2 24 3 34 4 44
2 USA 2c) seioe 2 24 BUS 203 24..2:. 2. 3.38094
3 Poland 13 x 14 2 3 1 24 2 3 2424 24 2 2 24 4 «37
4 Austria 2a 42t 3 1 O22 BI 22183 3 Bh 3. 1SSpHS6h
5 Denmark + d021 x 1 14 3 14304 32k 3 24.2 ° 37% 34
6 Czechoslovakia 14 2 1 3 3 x 241414 1 14 2 2 1 24 4 4 «34
7 Switzerland 242-3 2 24 14 «OF 1$12) 2h°14 2 2 24 154 34
8 Argentina 1 2414 2 1 23 3 x 1414 3 143 314 3 2 = «333
9 Holland 4 1 2 1 2h 24 2424 x 2 14 2 1414 2 33 3 «314
10 Germany ere kb 3S 2 24 ex 2d hh) ba SY Sly
11 Belgium 1 2 S024. 14 1 243k 22) 3 te lk SS)
12 France lepton 1 2 24.23 2014 2.x 225 2h O28 Od
13 Sweden 2dieter 12.2 2 1 28 2.2 x 31g) 3h ° 31
14 Latvia A 252.94. 8-68 2. 1.2451 114.1%, 34.34 -3,.,30
15 Italy 1 2 2 1 14 14 14 23 2 14 23 14 23 4 x «14:14 «1263
16 Romania 4 1 1424 2 0 24 1 4 1 24 1:3 $ 23 x 33 «253
17 Spain Oly O.cd.4300 Oe2odel ab: bok ch Ghit x7.13}
12 The Chess Olympiads

young players to count on. Especially noteworthy was Kashdan who

earned 124 points out of 16 games. He turned out to be, together
with young Stahlberg and Stoltz, both of Sweden, the discovery of the
Olympiad.
The Polish team also made a very good impression, especially with
the aid of Regedzinski who won 10 points out of 13 games. ‘We will
fight for first place once we have Grandmasters Rubinstein and Tar-
takower playing for us’, warned the young Polish players.

Individual Results N-KB3 QN-Q2 7 P-Q4 Q-K2 8 QN-Q2

P-K4 9 BPxP NxP 10 0-0 P-K5 ll
Board I NxP! QxN 12 N-K5 Q-B4 13 P-K4
Kashdan UO aie oe hel Uso Q-K3 14 PxNPxP 15NxNQXN 16
Nagy H 952 114 71-9 R-K1+ K-B1 17 Bx P! B-N5 18 Q-B3!
Rivier CH 551 7} 68-2 BxR 19 B-R3+ K-N1 20 RxB P-KR4
Ho6nlinger A 84310 66:7 21 R-K7 Q-B4 22 R-K8+ K-R2 23
B-K4 1-0
Board 2
A. Steiner H 10 3 3 114 71-9 Reca (Argentina) - Beutum (Austria)
Prokes Cz 561 8 667
E. Andersen Dk 9 3 4 104 65:6 Queen’s Gambit Declined
H. Steiner USA 691 104 65-6
1 P-Q4 P-Q4 2 N-KB3 N-KB3 3 P-B4
Board 3
P-K3 4 B-N5 QN-Q2 5 P-K3 B-K2 6
Regedzinski PL 84110 769
N-B3 0-0 7 Q-B2 P-QR3 8 P-OR3
Vajda H 69 1 104 65-6
PxP 9 BxP P-N4 10 B-R2 B-N2 11
Voellmy CH 542 7 63-6
R-Q1 R-B1 12 B-N1 R-K1 13 0-0 N-B1
Palau Arg 92510 62:5
14 Q-K2 N-Q4 15 N-K4! BxB 16
N/3xXB N-QN3 17 Q-R5 P-N3 18
Board 4
Q-R6 P-KB3 (3) 19 NxRP! BxN 20
Havasi H 691 104 65-6
7 p-'4 AOE /
DG

Ruben Dk 664 9 563

Chwojnik PL 443 6 545 ne oO
Reserve
-—
AL
Muffang F 970 123 78-1
W. Michel CH 623 7 63:6
W. Wertheim NL 653 84 60-7

Regedzinski (Poland) -
Factor (USA)

Réti BxB P-KB4 21 NxN! PxB 22

NxXNP Q-B3 23 P-B3 Q-N2 24 Q-N5
1 P-QB4 P-K3 2 P-KN3 P-Q4 3 P-N3 P-K4 25 QP x PR-K3 26 R-Q8+ RXR
N-KB3 4 B-QN2 B-Q3 5 B-N2 P-B3 6 27QxR-+ K-B2 28 N-R8+! 1-0
 Olympiad, The Hague, 1928 13

H. Miller (Austria) - 14 P-KB4 Q-B2 15 P-B4 BxP 16 PxP

Duchamp (France) BXN-+ 17BXBPXP 18Q-R5+ P-KN3
English
19 Q-N5 R-N1 20 R-B6! B-Bl 21
QxQP R-N2 22 R/I-KB1 B-B4 23
1 P-QB4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 R/IXB! PxR 24 Q-K6+ R-K2 25
N-B3 N-B3 4 P-Q4 PxP5 NxP B-N5 R-B8+! 1-0
6 B-N5 P-KR3 7 B-R4 N-K5? 8 BxQ
N/ISXN9NXNNxQ+ 10 NxB 1-0. Dr Naegeli (Switzerland) -
This was the shortest game of this Muffang (France)
Olympiad.
Alekhine

Kashdan (USA) — Taube (Latvia) 1 P-K4 N-KB3 2 P-K5 N-O4 3 P-OB4

Caro Kann
N-N3 4 P-Q4 P-Q3 5 P-B4 PxP 6
BP xP N-B3 7 B-K3 B-B4 8 N-QB3
1 P-K4 P-QB3 2 P-Q4 P-Q4 3 N-QB3 P-K3 9 B-K2 B-K2 10 N-B3 P-B3 11
PxP 4 NxP B-B4 5 N-N3 B-N3 6 0-0 0-0 12 PXP BxP 13 Q-Q2 Q-K2
N-B3 N-Q2 7 B-Q3 P-K3 8 0-0 B-Q3 9 14 QR-QI QR-Q1 15 P-B5 N-O4 16
Q-K2 N-K2 10 N-N5! N-B3 11 N/3- P-OR3 K-RI! 17 B-QB4 NxB 18
K4 N/2-Q4 12 P-KB4 0-0 13 NxB QxN B-N5 19 N-K2 BxN 20 RxB
QxN 14BxBRPxB 15 B-Q2 QR-QI BxP 21 RXB NxR 22 NxN QxP
16 QR-Ql Q-B2 17 P-B4 N-K2 18 23 RXR+ RXR 24 B-N3 R-QI 0-1
Sacconi (Italy) - Dr Vajda (Hungary)
King’s Indian
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 N-KB3 P-KN3 3
P-B4 B-N2 4 N-B3 0-0 5 P-K4 P-Q3 6
B-Q3 N-B3 7 P-KR3 P-K4 8 P-Q5
N-K2 9 B-N5 K-R1 10 Q-B2 B-Q?2 11
0-0-0 P-QR3 12 Q-Q2 N/3-N1 13
ZY, P-KN4 (5) 13... P-N4! 14 PxPPXxP

Re
B-B3 R-Q2 19 Q-K3 Q-N3 20 Q-R3
15 BxP BxB 16 N xB P-KB3 17 B-K3
5
N-B4 (4) 21 P-B5! Q-N4 22 P-Q5!
QxBP+ 23 K-R1 N-R4 24 P-KN4
RxP 25 PXN/R5 PxP 26 QxP N-R3
27 BXP!KxB 28 R-KNI 1-0
Neorye) Z
A. Steiner(Hungary) -
Apscheneek (Latvia) Ukeoerd;
uae)
LRRY
Lh Z Z
Latvian Gambit 77

1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 P-KB4 3 NxP

Q-B3 4 P-Q4 P-Q3 5 N-B4 PxP 6 P-KB4! 18 N-N5 P-B5 19 B-R7 N-B1
N-B3 Q-N3 7 N-K3 N-KB3 8 N/K3-OQ5 20 N-K6 Q-Q2 21 O-R5NxB22NxN
NxN9NXN Q-B2 10 B—QB4 P-B3 11 P-B4 23 Px Pep Q x N/3 24 K-N1 N-K2
N-K3 P-Q4 12 B-N3 B-K3 13 0-0 B-Q3 25 R-QB1 N-B1 0-1
14 The Chess Olympiads

Grau (Argentina) — 6 B-N5 P-B4 7 P-K3 PxP8PxP0-09

Bliimich (Germany) B-Q3 P-KR3 10 B-R4 P-Q4 11 P-QR3
Queen’s Indian B-K2 12 BXN BxB 13 PxP PxP 14
0-0-0 N-B3 15 P-KR4 Q-Q3 16 K-N1
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-K3 3 N- KR-Q1 17 P-KN4 Q-B5 18 R-R3 Q x
QB3 P-QN3 4 N-B3 B-N2 5 Q-B2 NP 19 R-N3 Q-B5 20 N-K2 Q-Q3 21Q-
B-N5 6 B-Q2 0-0 7 P-KN3 N-B3 8 Q2 K-Bl1 22 R/1-N1 P-R3 23 N-B4!
0-0-0 N-QR4! 9 P-N3 B-R6+ 10 K- NxP24NxNBXN25 N-R5S! B-K4 26
NI N-B3 11 B-Bl N-QN5 12 Q-Q2 P-B4 B-Q5 27 R/1-N2 R-K1 28 NxP
N-K5 13 Q-K3 NxN+ 14 QxN BxN 29 RXxB B-B3 30 P-B5! P-Q5 31
B-K5+ 15 R-Q3NxR 0-1 P-B6! BXR 32 R-N8-+ 1-0
Strautmanis (Latvia) —
Palau (Argentina)
Jacobson (Sweden) —
Scotch Hénlinger (Austria)
1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 P-Q4
PxP 4 B-QB4 B-B4 5 0-0 P-Q3 6 P- Queen’s Gambit Declined
B3 B-KN5 7 Q-N3 Q-Q2 8 BxP+
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 N-KB3 P-K3 3 P-B4
QxB9 QxP K-Q2 10QxRBXN 11
P-Q4 4 B-N5 B-K2 5 N-B3 0-0 6 P-K3
PxB QxBP (6) 12 N-Q2 Q-R6 13
P-ON3 7 B-Q3 B-N2 8 0-0 QN-Q2 9
wa Ewa R-BI P-B4 10 Q-K2 QPxP 11 BxBP
ao GY
N-Q4! 12 BxB NxN 13 RXN QxB
14 B-N5 N-B3! 15 Px PN-K5 16 R-B2
NxQBP 17 P-ON4 N-K5 18 P-QR3
QR-B1 19 R/I-B1 RxR 20 RxR Q-
B3! 21 N-Q4 P-K4 22 N-N3 N-N4! 23
N-Q2 (7) 23... Q-N3 24 P-K4 NxP!
ULY,
GY, 7,
Z Maa Ve
Goo
ABT
AAT, 7/23
774242
4

Yay Cyay

aie
[ e Y a 'y, y
P-K5 PxXKP 14 P-N4 N-B3! 15 QxR
N-N5 16 Q x NP+ B-K2 17 N-B3 P-K5! he 2D
18 N-K5-+ N/3 XN 19 B-B4 N-B6+ 20 Y
K-R1 N/6xP 0-1

E. Andersen (Denmark) -
Hilse (Germany)
Nimzo-Indian
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 N-KB3 P-QN3 3 25 B-Q3 N-B6! 26 Q-BIl N-K7+! 27
P-B4 B-N2 4 N-B3 P-K3 5 Q-B2 B-N5 BXNQxRO-1
 Olympiad, Hamburg, 1930 15

3 Olympiad, Hamburg
July 13-27, 1930
Once again the Olympic gong resounded in north-western Europe.
After London and the Hague, Hamburg was the next to undertake the
organization of the Tournament of Nations. Eighteen countries were
represented, exceeding by two the number of competing countries in
London and marking an increase of one over the Hague.
The British Chess Federation sent its national team as a clear sign
that it had withdrawn its demand for separating players into profes-
sional and amateur categories. The breach was bridged and each
participating country endeavoured to mobilize its top players.
Never had there been so many Grandmasters gathered together in
one place as in Hamburg. The greatest surprise came from the French,
who brought with them World Champion Alekhine on first board.
Rubinstein and Dr Tartakower played for Poland, Stahlberg and
Stoltz for Sweden, Maroczy for Hungary, Marshall and Kashdan for
the United States, Flohr for Czechoslovakia, Eliskases for Austria.
To think of all the international masters gathered together here! Auto-
graph hunters had a field day. Their main target was Alekhine,
followed by the Pakistani master Sultan Khan, who played for Great
Britain.
Predictions of the Poles winning first place came true. In addition to
Grandmasters Rubinstein and Dr Tartakower, the Polish team also
included the strong international masters Przepiorka, Makarczyk and
Frydman. Rival teams had equally strong players, and this made for
suspense until the very end. The Czechoslovak, Polish, American,
Dutch and Hungarian teams vied in succession for first place and only
the final round brought Poland its victory.
The Spanish team finally relaxed for they shook off last place and
placed ahead of the Finns and Norwegians.
The decisive match was played, as it happened, in the very first
round, when the Poles presented the Hungarians with a disastrous
defeat, 34-4. The sensation was all the greater as the losing team in
question had twice won the Olympic cup. Rubinstein crushed
Maréczy on first board in only 25 moves.
Polish chess ‘premier’ Rubinstein obtained the largest number of
points at the Olympiad: 15 out of 17 games. Next was the Czechoslovak
Flohr with 144 out of 17. Their feat was all the more noteworthy as it
16 The Chess Olympiads

was achieved on top board, the site of battle between the strongest
players.
Alekhine recorded a perfect score, 9 points out of 9 games. He rested
for eight rounds so that he could play simultaneous exhibitions and
handicap matches in Hamburg and its environs. That was the condi-
tion under which he accepted the invitation of the French Chess
Federation to play for the team.
The Dutch put the fear of God into the leading teams by winning
matches against Poland, Hungary and Germany 24-14 while they suc-
ceeded in defeating fifth-place Czechoslovakia by 34-4.
The American team had fine competitors in Marshall on first board
(124/17) and Kashdan on board two (14/17), but otherwise the
Americans were a disappointment on several other boards; as a result
they barely made sixth place.

1. 22.32 4..55,.6..7 6 8 +9 10s1112-13. 514 15 16 17 18

1 Poland x 34 2 2 14 2 14 3 4 24 24 33 3 24 4 4 34 34 484
2 Hungary %* x 2 2 14 3 14 2 2 3 33 34 34 4-4 4 4 3 47
3 Germany 22x 3 2 $14 3 3 34 33 3 24 34 2 24 3 4 444
4 Austria QHD KD 0d 32949 92984 B03" 2oosnBs 23rd aoe
5 Czechoslovakia
24 2 2 2 x 2 4} 24 34 1 2 3424 2 4 3 34 34 423
6 USA 2 133 0 2 x 24 2 2 24 24 14 24 34 3 3 4 4 414
7 Holland 24 24 24 2 34 14 x 141414 3 3 34 1 24 3 4 2 41
8 England 1 2 1 23 14 2 24 x 2 3 24 34 24 2 24 34 3 34 403
9 Sweden O82 6192) 4 2924 2°K2' 2h)3) 3 SP OES Saree
10 Latvia 14 1 $¢ ¢ 3 1424 12x «123 «3 «4 3 2 3h 35
11 Denmark 13441213 11315 3 x 2:2 «1 «3 2424 4 31
12 France 4 $1 1 4 24 1:4 «12 2 xX 2k 3$:14 3 3 24 283
13 Romania 1 $ 14 2 1414 $14 :*1~«21«2«O214 «Sk :«O1:SCO34 34 23 24 283
14 Lithuania 1.0 ¢% 142 £ 32°93 1° S04 3 X70 aa eee
15 Iceland 002 40 1 1414 4:0 1 24 $ 4 x ~*+I1 3h 23 22
16 Spain 00132111 42121314 1243 3 3 x 2 1b 213
17 Finland #01 1 $.0.0,1:4,2/1¥ 1-44.33 ¢.2-x.2 18
18 Norway +1003 02 3 0 $ 015 14 2 14 24} 2 x 16

Individual Results

Board 1 Board2
Rubinstein PL 134015 882 Tartakower PL 96112 75-0
Flohr Cz 14 12 144 85:3 Marshall USA 105 2 124 73-5
Kashdan USA 124114 82-4 Ruben Dk 9 3 3 104 70-0
Maréczy H 642 8 66:7 Samisch G 833 94 67:9
Sultan Khan Eng 94411 647
Weenink NL 76310 62:5 Board 3
Alekhine* F 900 9 100:0 Noteboom NL 951 114 76-7
 Olympiad, Hamburg, 1930 17

Eliskases A 861 11 733 P-K3 P-QN4 7 B-Q2 B-N2 8 PxP

Przepiorka PL 7 4 2° -9° (69-2 BxN 9BxXB PXP 10 P-QN3 P-QR4!
Carls G 671 94 67-9 11 Px P P-N5 12 B~Q2 N-KB3 13 N-K5
QN-Q2 14 Q-R4 0-0 15 N-B6 BXxN 16
Board 4
Q xB P-K4! 17 B-K2 R-K1 18 B-KB3
Winter Eng 870 11} 76-6
R-QB1 19 Q-R6 PxP 20 Rx P N-B4!
Lokvenc A 84210 71-4
21 Q-N5 N-N6! 22 R-R2 R-N1 23
Lundin Ss 104312 70-6
Q-KB5 Px P 24 Bx KP N-Q5 25 Q-N1
A. Steiner H 752 9% 67:9
P-N6 26 R-Q2 Q-R4 27 B-Q5 N-B7+
Reserve 28 K-K2 Q-B6 29 R/1-QI1 N/3xB 30
Havasi H 104012 85-7 PxXN Q-B5+ 31 R-Q3 R/NI1-QI1 32
Wagner G 85 1 104 75-0 K-Q2 RxP 33 RxXxRQxR-+ 34 K-Bl
Q-B3 35 K-N2 Q-B3+ 36 KxP NxB
Stahlberg (Sweden) — 0-1
Alekhine (France) This game shared the 2nd and 3rd best
Nimzo—Indian game prizes.
1 P-O4 N-KB3 2 P-OB4 P-K3 3 N-QB3
B-N5 4 Q-N3 P-B4 5 PxP N-B3 6 N- Richter (Germany) -
B3 N-K5 7 B-Q2 Nx QBP 8 Q-B2 P-B4 Abramavicius (Lithuania)
9 P-OR3 BxN 10 BxB0-0 11 P-QN4 French
N-K5 12 P-K3 P-QN3 13 B-Q3 NxB
14 QxN B-N2 15 0-0 N-K2 16 B-K2 1 P-Q4 P-Q4 2 N-QB3 N-KB3 3 B-N5
Q-K1 17 KR-Q1 R-Q1 18 P-QR4 P- P-K3 4 P-K4 PxP 5 NxP B-K2 6
B5 19 P-R5 BPxP 20 QxKP N-B4 21 BxNBxXB7 N-KB3 N-Q2 8 B-Q3 0-0
Q-B3 P-Q3 22 PxP PxP 23 N-K1 9 Q-K2 P-B4 10 0-0-0! Px P 11 P-KN4
P_K4! 24 R-R7 N-O5 25 Q-K3 R-Q?2! P-KN3? (better 11... Q-R4) 12 P-KR4
26 R-R2 R/2-KB2 27 P-B3 R-B5 28 B-N2 13 P-R5 R-K1 14PxPRPxP15
B-Q3 Q-R4 29 B-Bl Q-N4 30 R-KB2 P-N5 P-K4 16 R-R4 N-BI 17 R/1-R1
P-R3 (8) 31 K-RI RxP! 0-1 B-B4 18 Q-B1 R-BI 19 R-R8+!BxR
4—Y, 20 RXB+ KxR 21 Q-RI+ N-R2 22
~J N-B6 K-N2 23 Q-R6+ 1-0
This game shared the 2nd and 3rd best
game prizes.

Kashdan (USA) -
Flohr (Czechoslovakia)

Nimzowitsch

1 P-K4 N-QB3 2 P-Q4 P-Q4 3 P-K5

El Tor
B-B4 4 P-QB3 P-K3 5 N-K2 KN-K2 6
N-N3 B-N3 7 B-Q3 Q-Q2 8 Q-B3 P-
This game won the best game prize.
N3 9 N-Q2 N-R4 10 P-KR4 BxB 11
Voisin (France) - Noteboom (Holland)
QxB P-QB4 12 P-N4 PxNP 13 PxP
N-B5 14 P-R5 R-B1 15 P-R6! P-N3 16
Slav N-B3 N-B4 17 P-R3 Q-R5 18 R-QNI
1 P-O4 P-Q4 2 P-QB4 P-K3 3 N-QB3 P-R4 19 N-K2 PxP 20 P-N4! PxP 21
P-QB3 4 N-B3 PxP 5 P-QR4 B-N5 6 PxN NPXP 22 R-NI P-N4 23 N-Q2
 18 The Chess Olympiads

NxXN 24 BXN P-N5 25 R-KN3! R-B5 QxQ+ KxQ 14 PxXN BxKBP 15

26 N-B1 Q-R2 27 N-N3 Q-B2 28 K-K2 B-K3 N-B3 16 0-0-0+ K-B2 17 B-B4+
K-Q2 29 R/1-N1 R-B7 30 R-N8 RxR K-N2 18 P-N3 B-B4 19 B-N2 QR-K120
31 RXR B-K2 32 Q-N5+ Q-B3 33 Q-
N8 Q-R3+ 34 K-QI R-Bl 35 RxR
QxR36QxQ+ KxQ 37 K-B2 K-N2
38 N-Bl K-B3 39 K-N3 K-N4 40 N-R2
B-R5 41 B-K1 P-B3 42 NxP PxP 43
Px P B-N4 44 N-B2 K-B3 45 N-Q4-+4
K-Q2 46 KxP Bx P (9) 47 K-N3 B-B5
48 N-B3 P-R4 49 B-B3 B-R3 50 B-N4

P-N5 RXN 21 BXN+ K-BI (10) 22

R-Q5! B-K3? (22... B-K5! is at least
equal) 23 P-N6! Px P 24 Px P R-QN7
25 R-QR5 1-0

Stahlberg (Sweden) - Kashdan (USA)

Nimzo-Indian
B-N2 51 B-Q6 B-R3 52 K-B3 B-N2 1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-K3 3
53 K-Q3 B-R3 54 K-K2 B-B8 55 N-QB3 B-N5 4 Q-N3 P-B4 5 PxP N-
K-B1 B-N7 56 B-B5 K-B3 57 B-Q4 B- B3 6 N-B3 N-K5 7 B-Q2 NxQBP 8
B8 58 K-N2 B-B5 59 B-K3 BxB 60 Q-B2 0-0 9 P-K4 Q-B3! 10 0-0-0 P-
PxBP-Q5! 61 Px PK-Q462 K-N3 K- ON3 11 B-Q3 P-QR4 12 K-N1 Q-N313
K5 63 N-N5+! K x QP 64 K-B4 K-04 KR-NI1 B-R3 14 B-K3 NxB 15 QxN
65 N-B3 K-B5 66 K-N5 K-Q4 67 K-B6 BXN 16 PxB (/J) 16... P-Q4!
P-B5 68 N-R4 K~-K5 69 K x P P-B6 70
NxP KXN 71 K-B5! P-R5 72 P-K6
P-R6 73 P-K7 P-R7 74 P-K8=Q
K-N7 75 K-N4! 1-0 (75... P-R8=Q76
Q-K2+ K-N1 77 K-N3!)
This game was awarded a special end-
game prize.

Rubinstein (Poland)—
Maréczy (Hungary)

Nimzo-Indian

1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-K3 3 N-

QB3 B-N5 4 P-K3 P-B4.5 KN-K2 PxP 17 KPxP QxQ+ 18 RxQ BxP 19
6 PxP P-Q4 7 P-QR3 B-K2 8 P-B5! R-Q2 Bx QP 20 Bx P KR-NI 21 R-N2
P-QN3 9 P-QN4 Px P 10 QPxP P-K4 P-R5 22 B-B7 R-QB1 23 B-B4 N-R4 24
11 P-B4! P-Q5! 12 PxP PxN 13 R-QB1 B-K5+ 25 K-R1 N-N6+! 1-0
 Olympiad, Prague, 1931 19
Flohr (Czechoslovakia) - Q-B5 Q-K1 40 R-R4 RxP? 41 PXR
Yates (England) 1-0
Queen’s Gambit Declined
Marshall (USA)—-
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-K3 3 N- Dr iesyent (Czechoslovakia)
QB3 P-Q4 4 B-N5 B-K2 5 P-K3 QN-
Q2 6 PxP PxP 7 B-Q3 0-0 8 Q-B2 Wa Vas
P-B3 9 N-B3 R-K1 10 0-0 N-BI 11
P-OR3 N-K5 12 BxB QxB 13 BXN
i
P xB 14 N-Q2 B-Bé4 15 P-B3! Q-N4 16
P-B4 Q-K2 17 N-K2 N-Q2 18 N-KN3 K\
Gs
Q-B3 19 N-B4 N-N3 20 N-K5 N-Q4
.WAN

21 QR-K1 Q-K3 22 P-R3 QR-Q1 23

N-R1 P-B3 24 N-B4 B-N3 25 P-KN4
B-B2 26 P-B5! Q-K2 27 N-Q2 N-N3 28
oa
N-KN3 B-Q4 29 R-B4 Q-OB2 30
K-B2 R-K2 31 P-KR4 R/I-K1 32 =
ae
P-N5 N-Q2 33 R-KNI1 Q-B1 34 N/3xP Black — — . B~K5?? aydjShee 50
Px P35 Px PQ-NI 36 R-N3 R-KBI 37 QxR- was forced:to resign immediately.
N-QB3 N-N3 38 P-B6 R/2-KB2 39 One of the famous ‘Olympic blunders’.

4 Olympiad, Prague
July 11-26, 1931
No previous Tournament of Nations ever witnessed such exhaustive
preparations as those completed for the Olympiad held in the summer
of 1931 in Prague. The affair was sponsored by the President of the
Czechoslovak Republic Dr T. G. Masaryk. Many prominent figures
were members of the board. A large and spacious room in the ‘U
Novakuw’ café served as the site of play.
Nineteen teams, three more than in London, two more than in the
Hague and one more than in Hamburg, came to join the Olympiad.
The Yugoslavs also came for their second competitive appearance in
the Olympic competitions. The team was composed of Dr Vidmar,
Dr Asztalos, Kostié and Pirc, with Kénig as reserve. This was truly the
élite of what Yugoslavia at the time had to offer on the black and white
board.
Other countries also sent their top teams. France again boasted of
having World Champion Alekhine in its team, while Rubinstein and
Dr Tartakower played for Poland, and Kashdan and Marshall for the
United States. The Germans brought Bogoljubow, the Austrians
Griinfeld and Spielmann, and the English Sultan Khan. The Hun-
garians missed Maroczy, and once again the Dutch failed to include
20 The Chess Olympiads

Dr Euwe in their team. The three favourites were the defending

champions Poland, former two-time Olympic champions Hungary,
and the United States. But there were others also vying for the title.
The first round already disclosed that big surprises were in the offing.
The Yugoslavs defeated the Hungarians by 24-14, thus avenging their
defeat four years earlier in London.
The winning American team included Kashdan, Marshall, Dake,
Horowitz, and H. Steiner. The main factor of success proved to be the
inclusion of several younger players in the team, for, in addition to
talent, they displayed energy, perseverance and stamina. After the 16th
round, the American team shared fourth and fifth place. The next three
consecutive wins it recorded sped it along to the top of the list and
brought it the Hamilton-Russell Trophy. The Americans recorded
12 wins, 3 draws and 3 losses (against Yugoslavia, Latvia and Austria).
The great surprise of the 4th Olympiad was the heavy defeat suffered
by Hungary, which took only tenth place! The points difference between
the first nine teams is small. Austria took eighth place even though they
obtained only three points less than the winning American team,
Denmark’s decline was also unexpected, for it had played a large role
in 1927 in London and had been a rival for the trophy, while in Prague
they found themselves at the bottom of the list.
123 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
1 USA x 2 34 14 2 14 24 14 24 24 2 2 3 3 34 34 4 4 3 48
2 Poland 2 x 24 2 3 14 2 2 14 34 24 2 3 33 3 4 24 4 24 47
3 Czechoslovakia % 14 x 24 14 24 2 24 14 3 24 3 24 24 34 34 4 34 4 464
4 Yugoslavia 24 2 14 x 1 14 2 2h 34 24 14 24 24 34 3 3 34 34 4 46
5 Germany 2 1 24 3 x 24 2 14 ¢ 24 23 3 243 3 3 4 34 34 454
6 Latvia 24 24 1424 14 x 2 2414 1 3 24 3 3 24 24 4 344 454
7 Sweden 42.2 2 2 2 Xie 2 2b Bin 498 92018403 3t3 Saat
8 Austria 23 2 14 14 24 14 3 x 2k 14 23 24 3 24 4 34 3 24 3 45
9 England 14 24 24 4 34 24 2 14 x 24 24 3 1414 3 3 34 34:33 44
10 Hungary 14% 1 1414 3 14 24 14 x 143 2 3 3 24 34 34 3 394
11 Holland 14 14 14 23 14 1 «1 «13:14 24 x O 33 2 2 24 3 2 4 35
12 Switzerland 2°2) 2b Yirlh oe E al 140 KB hb ei 2k 24235738 34
13 Lithuania Peek Te ae 1 2b. Dent ae x Oat Se ee 304
14 France 1 £ 144 1 1 2 1324 1 2«14 2 x «1414 3 3 2k 294
15 Romania SU S91 81 WG-0 OLY 12035 Seok KS es 2s 28
16 Italy 4+ 0 4 1 41 «141 4 «1 1414 14 1 24:1 xX 24 34 2 24
17 Denmark 01404004 1 $ $¢ *1«i1$+1 «1 241k x 33 3 194
18 Norway 0 0 4°¢ £ $ 1014.4 3 2a Bel 2H oa 154
19 Spain 1 1b, O O14 ..0, 4. 1 2 bo O 2h See Leos 1 2a 154

Individual Results ©

Board 1
Alekhine F 10 71 133 75:0 Kashdan USA 8 8112 70-6
Bogoljubow G 9 71 124 735 SultanKhan Eng 8 7 2 11} 67:6
 Olympiad, Prague, 1931 21
Stahlberg S 7 92 114 63-9
Flohr Cz 8 6411 601
Griinfeld A 5 82 9 60:0
Rubinstein PL 6 73 9} 59-4
Mikenas Lit 7 6510 55:5
Vidmar x 5 74 8} 53-1

Board 2
Tartakower PL 10 7 1 134 75:0
Stoltz S 10 7 1 133 75-0
L. Steiner H 10 4312 70-6
Apscheneek Lat 8 5 3 104 66-6
Asztalos Y 7 6310 62:5
White now took a draw by perpetual
Marshall USA 7 6310 62:5
check. The same position had occurred in
Spielmann A 510110 62:5
the game Janowski—Chajes, New York
Board 3 1916, in which Janowski showed the
Petrov Lat 9 52 1134 71:8 correct treatment: 19 N-Q7! NxN 20
Thomas Eng 8 91 124 69-4 R XN B-B3 21 N-K4! B x P! 22 N-N5+
Rejfir Cee * BATE 11 41.687 K-R3 23 P-N4! P-N3 24 P-KR4 R-R1
v.d. Bosch NL 9 35 103 61-7 25 Q-R7+ 1-0
Baratz R 7 73 104 61-7
Kashdan (USA) -—
Board 4 Rubinstein (Poland)
Becker A 10 1 3 10% 75-0
Pirc Y 10 52 124 73-5 Queen’s Gambit Declined
Richter G 7 71 104 70-0 1 P-Q4 P-Q4 2 N-KB3 N-KB3 3 P-
Opoéensky Cat 67 M4 2.9.9 69:3 B4 P-K3 4 N-B3 QN-Q2 5 B-N5 B-K26
Horowitz USA 6 61 9 69:3 P-K3 0-0 7 Q-B2 P-KR3 8 B-B4 P-B4!
Makarczyk Piie-S 16.7 18 oth6:7 9 BPxP BPxP 10 KPxP NxP ll
Lundin Ss 8 73 114 63-9 NxN PXN 12 P-QR3 R-K1 13 B-K2
N-B3 14 B-B7 B-KB4! 15QxBQxB16
Reserve 0-0 Q-N3 17 QR-N1 QR-BI 18 Q-Q3
Skalicka Cz 9 32 104 75-0 P-R3 19 N-R4 N-K5 20 N-B5 B-B3 21
Kénig Y hae Ge oe Ao) KR-Q1 R-B5 22 Q-KB3 R/5-Bl 23
H. Steiner USA 7 32 8% 70:8 Q-N4 K-B1 24 B-B3 P-N3 25 N-K3
Mikenas (Lithuania) —
BxP 26 NxP BxBP+ 27 K-BI? (27
Kashdan (USA)
K-R1) 27... Q-N4+ 28 B-K2 Q-B3 29
P-KN3 B-R2 30 Q-B4 K-N2 31 R/NI-
Queen’s Gambit Declined Bl Q-K3 32 B-N4 RxR 33 BxQ
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-K3 3 N- RxR+ 34 K-K2 R-Q7+ 0-1
QB3 P-Q4 4 B-N5 QN-Q2 5 P-K3
B-K2 6 N-B3 Px P7BxP P-QR3 8 0-0 Sultan Khan (England) -—
P-N4 9 B-Q3 P-B4 10 Q-K2 B-N2 11 Flohr (Czechoslovakia)
KR-Q1 Q-N3 12 QR-B1 0-0 13 N-K5
King’s Indian
KR-K1 14PxPNxXPI5BxNBxB16
BxRP+ K~xB 17 Q-R5+ K-NI1 18 1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 N-KB3 P-KN3 3
QxP-+ K-R2? (13) P-B4 B-N2 4 N-B3 P-Q3 5 P-K4 0-0 6
22 The Chess Olympiads

B-K3 QN-Q2 7 N-Q2 P-K4 8 P-Q5 16 QR-QI B-N3 17 P-B5! P-K5! 18

N-K1 9 B-K2 P-KB4 10 P-B3 P-B5 11 N-Q4 Bx N 19 RXB N-K4 20 B-Bl Q-
B-B2 P-OR4 12 P-OR3 N/1-B3 13 P- B3 21 Q-K3 N-Q6 22 N-K2 QR-K1 23
QN4 P-N3 14 N-R4 R-K1 15 P-BS R-Q1 Q-N2 24 Q-R6 Q-Q2 25 B-K3
NPxP 16 PxBPNxBP17NxXNPXN N-K4 26 Q-N5 Q-N2 27 N-B4NxN 28
18 BxP N-Q2 19 B-B2 B-QR3 20 P x N N-B2 29 Q-N3 B-R4 30QxQ+?
BxBRxB 21 Q-B2 R-R] 22 0-0 B-B1 KxQ 31 R-QBI K-R3 32 PXP NxP
23 KR-Bl B-Q3 24 N-B4 Q-K2 25 33 P-QR4 R-KNI 34 K-R2 R-N2 35
NxB PxN 26 QR-NI1 N-B1 27 Q-B6 R-Q2 R/I-KN1 36 B-R1 B-B6 37 BxB
OR-NI1 28 R-N6! RxR 29 QxR Q- PxB 38 B-Q4 R-N7+ 39 K-R1 N-K5
Q2 30 R-B6 R-B1 31 B-K1! 1-0 40 R/Q2-B2 R/1-N6! 0-1

Mattison (Latvia) - Spielmann (Austria) —

Alekhine (France) L. Steiner (Hungary)

Three Knights Semi-Slav

1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-QB3 N-KB3 3 N-B3 1 P-Q4 P-Q4 2 P-QB4 P-QB3 3 N-KB3
P-Q3 4 P-OQ4 B-Q2 5 B-QB4 PxP 6 N-B3 4 N-B3 P-K3 5 B-N5 QN-Q2 6
N x P N-B3 7 0-0 B-K2 8 N-B5 Bx N9 P-QR3 B-K2 7 P-K3 0-0 8 Q-B2 R-K1
PxB 0-0? 10 P-KN4 N-Q2 11 P-B4 9 R-Q1 P-QN3 10 B-Q3 B-N2 11 PxP
N-N3 12 B-Q3 P-B3 13 P-QR3 P-Q4 KP xP 12 0-O0 P-KR3 13 B-KB4 N-R4
14 P-KR4 N-Q5 15 B-K3 P-B4 16 BxN 14 B-K5 P-QB4 15 Q-K2 P-B5! 16
PxB 17 N-K2 N-B5! 18 BxN PxB 19 B-N1 N/4-B3 17 B-N3 P-R3 18 N-K5
QxP QxQ+ 20 NxQ B-B4 21 QR- P-QN4 19 P-B4 Q-N3! 20 Q-B3 QR-
Ql QR-Q1 22 P-B3 R-Q4 23 K-B2 Q1 21 B-R4 P-QR4 22 P-KN4 P-N5 23
R/1-Ql 24 K-K3 P-KR4 25 K-K4 PxP PxP 24 N-K2 N-K5 25 BxB
PxP 26 R-KNI R/4-Q2 27 RxP R- RxB 26 BxN PxB 27 Q-N2 B-Q4 28
K2+ 28 K-B3 P-ON4 29 R-N2 R-Q4 R-B1 R-QBI 29 NxN RxXN 30 P-B5
30 R/2-Q2 K-B2 31 P-R5 BxN 32 P-B6 31 PxP P-N6! 32 N-B4 B-B5 33
RxB RxP 33 R-Q5 R/2-K4 34 R- R-KB2 R-R2 34 R-N2 R-R7 35 R/BI-
Q7+ R-K2 35 R/1-Q5 R/4xR 36 Nl RxR 36 RXR Q-R4 37 QxP
RxXR/5 P-R3 37 R-Q6 R-K3? (37... QxQBP 38 R-N1 P-N7 39 N-R5 Q-
R-K8=) 38 RxR KxR 39 K-K4 K- B8+ 40 K-B2 B-Q4 0-1
Q3 40 K-B5 K-K2 41 K-N6 K-B1 42
P-B5 1-0 KGnig (Yugoslavia) —
Lundin (Sweden)
Flohr (Czechoslovakia) — Queen’s Gambit Declined
Bogoljubow (Germany)
1 P-Q4 P-Q4 2 N-KB3 N-KB3 3 P-B4
King’s Indian P-K3 4 B-N5 B-K2 5 N-B3 QN-Q2 6
P-K3 0-0 7 R-Bl P-B3 8 B-Q3 PxP
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-KN3 3 N- 9 BxBP P-N4 10 B-Q3 P-OR3 ll
KB3 B-N2 4 P-KN3 0-0 5 B-N2 P-O36 P-QR4 B-N2 12 0-0 Q-N3 13 N-K4KR
N-B3 QN-Q2 7 0-0 P-K4 8 P-Q5 N-N3 -K1 14 Q-B2 P-R3 15 BxN NxB 16
9 P-N3 B-Q2 10 P-KR3 N-R4 11 N-K5 QR-BI 17 NxN+ PxN 18
P-K4 P-KB4 12 PxP PxP 13 B-N2 B- B-N6!! PxN 19 BxP+ KxB 20 Q-
K1 14 Q-K2 N-Q2 15 P-QN4 P-QR3 R7+ K-Bl 21 P-B4 R/K1-Q1 22 P-B5
 Olympiad, Folkestone, 1933 23
PxBP 23 RXKBP+ K-K124RxKP Q7! RxR 32 QxR R-BI 33 QxB/N7
Q-B2 25 R-B1 QxR26 PxQ K-Q227 R-B2 34 QxBP PxP 35 QxP/4 B-B4
P-K6+ K-Q3 28 R-Ql+ KxP 29 36Q-KN4+ K-R1 37 Q-B8-+ B-B1 38
Q-K4+ K-B2 30 Q-B5+ K-N231R- QxP 1-0

5 Olympiad, Folkestone
July 12-23, 1933
Once again the English organized the chess Olympiad, but this time
instead of London, the site was the sea-side resort of Folkestone. Only
15 teams took part, making this the smallest Olympiad to date. There
were various reasons for such a low attendance. The organizers,
for example, refused to admit the Mexican team merely because its
application arrived a few days late. Dissatisfied with the condi-
tions, Argentina and Spain withdrew their applications at the last
moment.
Germany did not appear for political reasons. This was the year
when Hitler rose to become Chancellor of the Reich, and the effect was
felt even by the German Chess Federation. Many leading figures were
dismissed and the new Great German Chess Federation came into open
conflict with FIDE.
The list of participants issued by the British for the 5th Olympiad
included 16 registered teams and a programme presented the order of
competition. To the horror of the organizers, however, the Estonian
team did not arrive! There was no explanation given, nor was their
application withdrawn. The embittered English did not erase the
Estonian team from the list, but instead registered each match the
team was scheduled to play 4—0 in favour of the opposing team.
The official listing had Estonia in last place without a single point.
Only later was it realized that this served no purpose and FIDE
deleted the Estonian team from the results of the 5th Tournament of
Nations.
The reduced number of participating countries was not reflected in
the quality of play. Some teams were stronger than before. Let us just
mention a few of the strongest: the United States - Kashdan, Marshall,
Fine, Dake and Simonson; Czechoslovakia — Flohr, Treybal, Rejfir,
Opoéensky and Dr Skalicka; Hungary — Marédczy, L. Steiner, Vajda,
Havasi and Lilienthal; Poland — Dr Tartakower, P. Frydman, Appel,
Makarczyk and Regedzinski; Sweden — Stahlberg, Stoltz, Lundin and
Berndtsson; Austria — Griinfeld, Eliskases, Glass, Miiller and Igel.
24 The Chess Olympiads

World champion Alekhine played for France on first board, and

Sultan Khan for England.
The number one man on the French team, Alekhine, fared best on top
board and scored 94/12. The best individual result recorded during the
entire Olympiad was by the Czechoslovak Opoéensky on fourth board
with 114/13. The best of the reserves was the Hungarian Lilienthal with
10/13.
Wi 2-324 5°67 ON NOT 127i aie
1 USA x 1414 3 2334 3 3 3 24 2 33 3 34 39
2 Czechoslovakia 24 x 3 24 $ 2 24:14 2 3 34 33 4 33 33 373
3 Sweden 24 1 x 2 2b 14 2 34 14 24 24 34 24 34 3 34
4 Poland 114 2 xX 23 24 2 24.24 2 2 34 4 24 33 34
5 Hungary 14 34 14 14 x 2 14 23 34 2 23 24 3 3 34 34
6 Austria 1 2 24 14 2 x 24 24 3 24 2 34 24 3 3 334
7 Lithuania O 14 2 2 24 14 x 24 3 24 2 24 2 4 24 304
8 France 1 24 4 14 14 14 14 x 3 24 14 24 24 23 34 «28
9 Latvia 1 2 2414 4 1 1 41 =x 24 3 24 3 24 34 274
10 England 1 114 2 2 13141414 x 3 34 2 13 34 27
11 Italy 14 4 14 2 14 2 2 241 «1 x *14 3 «14 3 = «244
12 Denmark 2 4¢ 4 4 14 4 14:14:14 4 24 x «3 33 3° «224
13 Iceland + 0140114 21412i121x* 3 1«idM1
14 Belgium 1 $4141 1 =0 1413 224 41x 2 «#217
15 Scotland #4144 4118344 4212213 2x O41
Individual Results Board 4
Board 1 Opoéensky Cz 10 3'0 114 88-5
Alekhine F 831 9% 792 Dake , USA 92210 769
Rathdany “shi:USA ty7x6 dod iGFedo Hy Mallee: |Ai a 80 Bi ear
Flohr Cz;), 6:6, 2.7 9),.,64.3,,,, Havas LNB gh et Nei oti
Tartakower PL 662 9 643 Risers
Mikenas Lit YO". S078 Lilienthal H 760 10..769
Board 2 Abramavicius Lit 522 6 66:7
Matshallis: o2UBAcy 4:6 QoFise70sis Meander yay BMe uP SFat i B8F
Betbeder F 642 8 66-7
P. Frydman PL 471 74 62:5 Thomas (England) — Monticelli (Italy)
Eliskases A 481 8 61:5 Ruy L
Monticelli I Ma Aa +) Ssbe i
1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 B-N5
Board 3 P-QR3 4 B-R4 P-Q3 5 BXN+ PxB
Lundin S 76110 71-4 6 P-Q4 P-B3 7 B-K3 N-K2 8 Q-Q2
Fine USA 661 9 69:2 N-N3 9 N-B3 B-K2 10 P-KR4! 0-0 11
Feigin Lat 662 9 642 P-R5N-RI 12 0-0-0 N-B2 13 QR-NI
Rejfir Cz 471 7h 625 B-Q2 14 P-KN4 PxP 15 NxP N-K4
Glass A 653 8} 60-7 16Q-K2Q-Bl 17 N-B5 R-K1 18 P-B4
Winter Eng 371 6} 591 N-B2 19 P-R6! NxP(/4) 20 NxNP!
 Olympiad, Folkestone, 1933 25

Marshall (USA) —
Dr Treybal (Czechoslovakia)
Queen’s Gambit Declined
1 P-Q4 P-Q4 2 P-QB4 P-K3 3 N-KB3
N-KB3 4 N-B3 B-K2 5 B-N5 0-0 6
P-K3 N-K5 7 BxB QxB 8 PxP
NXN 9 PXN PxP 10 Q-N3 R-Q1
11 B-Q3 P-QB4 12 Q-R3 P-QN3 13
0-O N-B3 14 B-N5 P-B5 15 QxQ
N xQ 16 B-R4 B-B4 17 KR-B1 P-QR3
18 B-B2 P-QN4 19 N-Q2 B-K320R/B1I-
KXN 21 Q-R2 N-B2 22 QxP+ K-Bl NIP-B4 21 P-OR3 N-N3 22 P-B4 R/QI-
23 P—B5 B-Q1 24 Q-N6 K-K2 25 R-R7 N1 23 N-B3 R-N2 24 N-K5 NXN 25
R-B1 26 B-R6 B-K1 27 Q-N7 1-0 BPXN R/1-N1 26 R-N2 P-QR4 27
R/I-N1 K-B2 28 R-KBI! P-N5
Flohr (Czechoslovakia) — 29 RPXP PxP 30 P-N4! K-NI1 31
Kashdan (USA) NPXP B-Q2 32 P-K6 B-B3 33 PxP
RxXP34RxXRRXR35 R-RI K-B1 36
English R-R6 B-K1 37 P-K4! R-N4 38 R-R8
1 P-QB4 N-KB3 2 N-QB3 P-K3 3 P-K4 K-K2 39 RxXB-+ 1-0
P-Q4 4 P-K5 P-Q5 5 PxN PXN 6
NPxP QxBP 7 P-Q4 P-ON3 8 N-B3 Apscheneek (Latvia) —
B-N2 9 B-K2 N-Q2 10 0-0 B-Q3 11 Maréczy (Hungary)
B-N5 Q-B4 12 Q-R4 P-QB3 13 P-B5! Queen’s Gambit Declined
PxP 14 PxP QxP 15 KR-Ql
1 N-KB3 P-Q4 2 P-B4 P-K3 3 P-O4
va ner iE N-KB3 4 B-N5 QN-Q2 5 N-B3 B-K2
6 P-K3 0-0 7 B-Q3 PxP 8 BxBP
P-OR3 9 R-QB1 P-B4 10 0-0 P-N4 11
B-K2 B-N2 12 BxN BxB 13 PxP
NxP 14NxPPXN 15 RXNRxP 16
BxP RxP 17 Q-Bl Q-N3! 18 B-Q3
R-Q1 19 N-K1 P-N3 20 R-B2? R-N8
21 Q-Q2 B-R3 22 R-R2 RxB! 23
NxR RxXR+ 24 KxR Q-N8+ 25
K-K2 BxN-+ 26 K-B3 P-R4 27 R-R4
Q-N4! 28 Q-R5 Q-B3+ 29 P-K4
Q-B8 30 R-R2 B-KN4 31 Q-K5Q-Q8+
B-K2(15) 16 RXN KxR 17 B-K3 0-1
Q-R6 18 Q-QO4+ K-KI 19 QxNP
R-KB1 20 N-N5 R-Q1 21 B-R5 BxN Havasi (Hungary) — Sacconi (Italy)
22 BxB R-Q4 23 P-QB4 RxB 24 Queen’s Gambit Declined
QxR/5 K-Q2 25 R-Ql+ K-Bl 26
Bx P! K-N1 27 BxPQxP 28 R-Q8+? 1 P-Q4 P-Q4 2 P-QB4 P-K3 3 N-QB3
(BIO-K5+) 268. . |’ R=n2?° 8") 2” N-KB3 4 B-N5 B-K2 5 P-K3 0-0 6 N-B3
B-B1!!) 29 Q-K7+ K-N3 30 P-B5+ QN-Q2 7 R-B1 P-B3 8 Q-B2 R-K1 9
1-0 P-QOR3 P-QR3 10 B-Q3 PxP ll
26 The Chess Olympiads
Bx BP P-N4 12 B-R2 P-B4 13 0-0 B-N2 Together with the game Mondragon-
14 KR-Q1 R-QBI 15 Q-K2 Q-N3 16 Lee, played in the 1970 Olympiad, this
N-K5 NXN 17 PXN N-Q4 18 NxXN is the shortest game in the history of the
BxN 19 B/5xB BxB 20 B-R4 Q-N2 Olympiads.
21 — K-R1 ge 22 P-N5 23
Rosselli del Turco (Italy) —
Sultan Khan (England)

Grinfeld

1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-KN3 3

N-QB3 P-Q4 4 P-K3 B-N2 5 Q-N3
wy,”
P-B3 6 N-B3 0-0 7 B-Q2 P-K3 8 B-Q3
a QN-Q2 9 PxP KPxP 10 0-0 R-K1
11 Q-B2 Q-K2 12 P-QN4 N-K5 13
P-N5 N-N3 14 PxP PxP 15 P-QR4
N-Q3! 16 P-R5 N/N3-B5 17 N-QR4
R/1-Q1(16) 23... PXP? 23. "B-Q4) R-N1 18 KR-NI RxR+ 19 QxR
24 B-B6! 1-0 B-N5 20 BXN NxB 21 B-N4 Q-B2
22 N-Q2 B-B4 23 Q-QBI R-NI 24
Combe (Scotland) - B-B5 NxN 25 QxN R-N4! 26 N-N2
Hasenfuss (Latvia) Q-N1! 27 B-R3 B-KB1! 28 N-Q1 BxB
Benoni
29 RxB R-N8 30 P-R3 Q-N4 31
K-R2? Q-B8 0-1
1 P-Q4 P-QB4 2 P-QB4 Px P 3 N-KB3
P-K4 4NxKP?? Q-R4+ 0-1

6 Olympiad, Warsaw
August 16-31, 1955
Twenty nations were represented at this Olympiad making it the
largest so far. The organizers contacted Moscow in the desire to have a
Soviet team appear in the tournament, but the effort failed.
The Warsaw Olympiad was the first to witness such a strong break-
through of young talents. Of the younger members, Keres, Stahlberg
and B66ék were prominent on first board, Bolbochan, Lilienthal and P.
Frydman on board two, Eliskases at the third, Dr Trifunovié, Dake,
Danielsson and Szabo on bottom board.
Alekhine, who was heading the French team, was not as successful
on first board as before. Flohr scored 13 points out of 17 games (76:5%),
and Alekhine 12 (70-6%). Experts took this as a sign that the champion
was not in top form for his impending world championship match with
Dr Euwe. Upset, Alekhine turned to Warsaw astrologers; his horoscope
 Olympiad, Warsaw, 1935 27

revealed some unfavourable omens and the champion cancelled a

scheduled appearance in Naples.
As before, the Dutch were absent from this Olympiad. Hence, with
the absence of Dr Euwe there was no opportunity of testing the two
rivals’ chances for the pending championship title. At the time, the
Dutch Grandmaster was on vacation and finishing his final prepara-
tions for the match.
The Warsaw Olympiad evolved in favour of the Swedes who, until
the 12th round, were invincible. By the 15th round the Poles caught up,
and by the 16th so did the Americans. In the end, the Swedes had to be
satisfied with second place, while the cup went once again to the United
States.
Arthur Dake recorded the best percentage at the Olympiad. By
origin a Pole, he occasionally used the name Dakowski, and as a result
did not wish to play in the match between the United States and
Poland. As he sailed back to America from Europe, Dake met Miss
Helen Girard and immediately married her upon their arrival in New
York. Their marriage witnesses were members of the Olympic team,
Marshall and Horowitz.
The last two boards, on which Dake and Horowitz crushed their
opponents, were the main factors in the American triumph. On first
board, however, Fine recorded a modest score so that he took only
tenth place after Flohr, Alekhine and others.

Warsaw, 1935
12 3 45 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
1 USA x 14 24 1 3 2 24 24 23 33 34 2% 33 24 34 3 4 34 34 3 54
2 Sweden 2e°X%21472" 2 142 3E.2F 3303 24.24.31 5, 324 453035 52%
3 Poland 1§ 28m 24,2519 2 2, Bo 24.34.343 23 3 3,2 4 4 4 52
4 Hungary ound loupe 392 1g 3° 2F 35 24 25 24 3¢ SE 3 35 SE 6S 51
5 Czechoslovakia ee, 2 eee, 2 2a MS2 V4 (SS 2 OH 25) 334. 49
6 Yugoslavia Ig 2fee ER x1 22) 3 |S 22 Ss 33523 3 3 14 4 454
7 Austria 1g Dee Ae - 3° xk 2.13 2.2 2 14 2.3 23.1% 3 33 4 43%
8 Argentina 1g 4 2 2414 2 2 x 1 24 24 2 14 24 24 3 24 33 33 3 42
9 Latvia igelfelete,, 2.24 3. x, 2,13 1 241s 3 3. 3 3h 2 5 41
10 France e ele ts fete? lg 26 23 2h .13 2 3 3° 2.24 4 38
11 Estonia 7 she deol de de? 15.25 14. x 19 13,2 24133 35 4 3 3h 37%
12 England 1g 1e 4016 21614 Zod: Wb wld 2b blk SD) (2084 37
13 Finland eo ee er a? Oe agree 2b 14°23 24°10 202 2 4 1 OR 2 35
14 Lithuania BRGRUZ US ELA 1¢ 24 2°°2) 24 Zeeks lH.2 TPilecd 13 34
15 Palestine + 17 ee Se icyl 14 1-1 1316 2 23 x 2 24 2 34 4 32
16 Denmark oil ¢ } 161) PePers F S28 2812" xX SF SZ Sh 314
17 Romania O..0, Qee do hd Ue edh LES] Fl 2BOC 2b RS Ex 2, 3 2b 274
18 Italy * OF 0 ¢ LT 1 hp beet logs 28 2a ley ds %0d903d 24
19 Switzerland + mbilOrl ee pe ee 4,,14, 0 1..2..4,1 3, 21.23 x 3 21
20 Ireland Lie 0 1 O10 ..0 0° i us fF 2 1 UO € Te eg UF Xx 12
28 The Chess Olympiads
Individual Results 3 *

Board I
\ 1] Oy
Ps aw)

+u orl
SV SSS
Flohr
Alekhine
C2’
F
99-8013
710012
765
70-6
8. NV
Stahlberg
Tartakower
S
PL
9 72 12%
6110 114
69-4
67:6 ne
Ow
Keres Est 11 3 5 124 65-7
Book
Vidmar
SF
Y
610211
4 91 8
61-1
60-6
RSS
S
|
WW
of
~

‘SN
L. Steiner H 7 74 10% 58-3
Petrov
Fine
Lat. 7 7.5 10}
USA 5 84 9
.553
52:9
Jz
V. Doe
QR-B1(17) 16 N-B5 N-Q4 17 KR-Q1
B-R1I 18 BxN PxB 19 N-KR4! N-N1
Board 2
20 Q-N4 B-KB3 21 BxB QxB 22
Lilienthal H 11 8015 788
N-K4! Q-K3 23 N-KB5 P-N3 24 R xR
P. Frydman PL 7 90 11} 71:8
RXR 25 N-K7-+ 1-0
Jac. Bolbochan Arg 612112 63:1
Awarded a special best game prize.
Marshall USA 6 33 74 62:5
Stoltz S 7 8311 61-1 Keres (Estonia) —-Winter (England)
Spielmann A 5° 9:3 9% 55°8
Sicilian
Board 3 1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 N-KB3 3 P-K5
Eliskases A... 12.36 1.15 . 788 N-Q4 4 N-B3 P-K3 5 NxXN PXxN 6
Havasi H 2.0 A) ole? P-Q4 P-Q3 7 B-KN5! Q-R4+ 8 P-B3
Kupchik USA 6 8010 71:3 gpa: 10 0-0 BPxP 11
Lundin Ss 10 7 2 133 71-1
Najdorf PL 9 6 2.128706
Pleci Arg 9 6412 63-1

Board 4
Dake USA 13 5 0 153 86-1
Danielsson S 12 76 t} 15 © 76-2
Trifunovié Y, .10 5 I 123° 78-2
Szabo H 6 62 9 643

Reserve
Horowitz USA 10 4112 80-0
Pelikan Cz 7 71 104 70-0
R-N1 PxP? 12 NxP B-Q3(J8) 13
Eliskases (Austria) -Muffang (France)
NxP!! KxXN 14 Q-R5+ P-KN3 15
BxP+ PxB 16 QxR B-KBé4 17
Queen’s Gambit Accepted R/NI-K1 B-K5 18 RxB! PxR 19
1 P-Q4 P-Q4 2 P-QB4 PxP 3 N-KB3
Q-B6+ 1-0
N-KB3 4 P-K3 P-K3 5 BxP P-QR3 Monticelli (Italy) - Najdorf (Poland)
6 0-0 P-B4 7 Q-K2 N-B3 8 P-QR3!
P-QN4 9 B-R2 B-N2 10 PXP BxP 11 Queen’s Indian
P-QN4 B-K2 12 B-N2 0-0 13 QN-Q2 1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-K3 3 N-KB3
Q-N3 14 N-N3 KR-Q1 15 QR-Bl P-QN3 4 P-KN3 B-N2 5 B-N2 B-K2
 Olympiad, Warsaw, 1935 29

6 0-0 0-0 7 N-B3 N-K5 8 Q-B2 NxN9

mia
QxN P-QB4 10 PxP?! PxP!? 11
B-B4 P-Q3 12 QR-Q1 Q-N3 13 B-N5
P-B3 14 B-Bl N-B3 15 Q-K3 P-K4 16
fete”
veh sie

Q-Q2 P-B4! 17 P-K3 P-QR4 18

P-OR3? P-K5 19 N-K1 N-K4 20 P-B3
Q-N6!21 Px PP xP 22 N-B2 Q x BP 23
R-B4 P-N4 24 RXR+ RxR 25 N-KI
P-R5 26 P-R3 N-B6+ 27 NxN PXN
28 B-B1 Q-K3 29 K-B2 ine 30 Q-R5
B-Q3 31 csi 31... BxP+! 32

QxRP!+-+) 27... Q-B3 28 R-N4+

K-R1 29 B-N6 QXP+!! 0-1

Reilly (Ireland) — Fine (USA)

Dutch

1 P-Q4 P-K3 2 N-KB3 P-KB4 3 P-KN3

Ja
a a Yy

N-KB3 4 B-N2 B-K2 5 P-B4 P-Q3 6

Ve
N-B3 0-0 7 0-0 Q-K1 8 Q-B2 QN-Q2
9 P-K4 N-R4? 10 PX P PxP 11 R-KI
KxB Q-Q3+ 33 K-B2 Q-R7+ 34 N/2-B3 12 N-KN5 P-B3 13 P-Q5 P-B4
K-K1 Q-N6-+ 35 K-Q2 Q-B7+ 0-1 14 B-Q2 N-N5 15 N-N5 Q-Q1 16
N-K6 Bx N 17 RxB P-QR3 18 R/1-K1
Danielsson (Sweden) — R-B2 19 N-B3 N-K4 20 N-Q1 P-B5 21
Rethy (Hungary) B-K4 P-KN3 22 B-QB3 N-N2 23
Semi-Slav BXN PxB 24 N-B3 R-KBI 25 R-QI1
PP 7-26, (RPxP NXRI277 PXR
1 P-Q4 P-Q4 2 P-QB4 P-QB3 3 N-KB3 Q-K1 28 R-Q7 B-B3 29 B-Q5 K-R1 30
N-B3 4 P-K3 P-K3 5 N-B3 QN-Q2 6 N-K4 B-N2 31 N-Q6 Q-NI1 32 P-K7
PxP KPxP 7 B-Q3 B-Q3 8 0-0 0-0 9 R-K1 33 N-B7+ K-N1 34 NxP+
P-QOR3 R-K1! 10 Q-B2 N-B1 11 P-QN4 K-R1 35 N-B7+ K-NI 36 N-Q6+
P-QR3 12 R-N1 Q-K2 13 P-R3 N-K5 K-R1 37 Q-K4 B-Q5 38 K-N2 B-B3
14 N-Q2 P-KB4 15 R-KI N-N3 16 39 Q-K6 Bx KP 40 Q-K5-+ 1-0
N-B1l N-R5 17 BXN BPxXB 18 N-N3
Q-N4 19 N/B3-K2 Q-R3! 20 N-B4
P-KN4 21 N/4-R5 P-N5 22 PxP Béék (Finland) —
BxKNP 23 N-B4 BxXN 24 PXB NXP E. Andersen (Denmark)
25 R-K3 Q-R6 26 N-B1 B-B6 27 RxXB Ruy Lopez
PxR 28 N-K3 NxP 0-1
1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 B-N5
Golombek (England) — P-OR3 4 B-R4 P-Q3 5 P-B4 P-B4 6
Popa (Romania) P-Q4! BPxP 7 NxP PXN 8 Q-R5+
see diagram 20 K-K2 9 BxN QxP? 10 Q-K8+
24 N-B6+! PxN 25 B-R3 Q-Q1 26 K-Q3 11 B-K3! QxBP 12 N-B3!
R-K4! P-KB4 27 BxP? = (27 B-N5 13 R-Q1+! 1-0
30 The Chess Olympiads

7 Olympiad, Stockholm
July 31-August 14, 1937
The Swedish Chess Federation organized the 7th Tournament of
Nations in the lovely winter garden of the Grand Hotel Royal in
Stockholm. The organization itself surpassed all previous efforts. Nine-
teen teams took part, one less than at the previous Olympiad in War-
saw.
The French were absent from the Olympiad for the first time, and,
therefore, so was Alekhine who was still the ex-World Champion. The
Dutch, however, who had not taken part in the previous two Olympiads
arrived with Dr Euwe at their head. The Olympiad was deprived of the
spectacle of a confrontation between Euwe and Alekhine, who in two
months’ time, October, were scheduled to play a return match in the
Netherlands for the title.
When it was learned that the American team included four Grand-
masters; Reshevsky, Fine, Kashdan and Marshall, it became quite
clear that it would win the Hamilton-Russell Cup for the fourth time.
At one point, however, the Hungarians and Poles seemed a threat.
But they only occasionally came close to the Americans and in the
second half of the Olympiad they stayed far behind.
P za" e*5 "6 Ff & 9 109151283 314715 1GN7 ee
1 USA x. Ze Beg 3S 2 2§-35$ 3S 24:2 35 S$ 3 4u 4 34.5036. oes
2 Hungary Sul Ber? @b-H 2.38 2'3 Fos 2 2s 3444 ee
3 Poland 4+ 2 xX 24 2 2h 24 23 24 33:14. 23 24 3 355 4 24-3 4 == 47
4 Argentina le 2714 X22 1.2 3 26323 Bhs 3 4728 Se ae
5 Czechoslovakia 1 2 2 2 x 2 24 33 14 3 2 3 24 3 24 34 34 3 2% 45
6 Holland PA\EIe TOV MS 3 26 2 3 2 ee S$ 22s DS 2 ot ee
7 Estonia LECH. 281d Lhe 1h OS hg SS os Se See
8 Lithuania + 2 14.1 3.1 23 x 2233224313 4 44 ~«4i15
9 Yugoslavia 1 1 14 14 23:13 1 «14 xk 2:«3 «2 «2 3 3 2 3 33 4 = «8240
10 Sweden 1g 2° $71S 122 2 Qe Xp Seat ade 21 8 ee oe
11 Latvia 2:1 2f 22 1° 1954 | ten ee oe ee eee ee
12 Finland # 1/14, laa 2A 2 20 2 a ERPS ee 2 oe eee
13 England $ 2° Te wT 2 eae 0S OF 2035p oie 2h ee
14 Italy P.2).44970 94. oA OO de de 2 Ag hoo) 9842-9 oP alee
15 Denmark 0 144.1 1 2 1 1 abe by bolbg2u2hex, 2.214 2 otk
16 Iceland 0.1 O philly. 23 2 16. 1F 1974 1 2x 3 1b 2a
17 Belgium $¢0 Hd 1 1 0.1 dN 2-1) 2M Fx ae ae eee
18 Norway 144 0 $ot-e @aive# O Ff 1. 1101 12) 2b 1 Kee
19 Scotland + Ov Oy 0 ligdyO 0 0 2 0 13 2 O-l]lP2eitaZz) Mads

By taking second place, the Hungarians proved themselves to be the

best team in Europe. They were reinforced by Lilienthal, who arrived
from Moscow (after playing at Moscow 1935, Lilienthal had decided to
 Olympiad, Stockholm, 1937 31

remain in the Soviet Union. He became a Soviet citizen in 1939) and

played on first board.
The Argentinians shared a surprising third and fourth place with the
Poles. Guimard was highly successful for the Argentinian team on
fourth board. The Netherlands recorded a good result chiefly due to
Dr Euwe, and the Estonians, thanks to Keres, also did well. The
Swedes back-fired mainly as a result of friction between the directors
and the members of the team. Bitter because certain expenses entailed
in welcoming foreign national teams had not been refunded, Stoltz did
not appear for certain rounds and thus lost by default.

Individual Results Alexander (England) —-

Kashdan (USA)
Board 1
Flohr Cz 9 78:2 Ruy Lopez
Keres Est 9 73°3 1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 B-N5
Euwe NL” 8 73-1 P-OR3 4 B-R4 N-B3 5 0-0 P-Q3 6
Lilienthal H 9 70-6 BxN+ PxB 7 P-Q4 N-Q2 8 P-ON3
Mikenas Lit yf: 61-1 B-K2 9 B-N2 P-B3 10 N-R4? P-N3 11
Stahlberg Ss) 7, 60-0 Q-K2 P-KB4!? 12 OPxP BxN 13
Reshevsky USA 6 59-4 P-K6! N-B3 14 Q-B4 P-B4 15 P-K5
Petrov Lat 5 PP
oN©
NN
ON
ooh
— 55:3
ODWOHHN
N-N5 16 Q-Q5 R-QNI 17 PxP B-N2
Board 2 18 P-Q7+ K-Bl 19 Q-B4 B-KB3.20
Fine USA 9 76-6 BxB NxB 21 QxBP+ K-N2(2/)
Szabo H 9 69-4
Trifunovié Y 8 68-6 Geeetteee

Alexander Eng 8 64:7

Foltys Cz 7 63-9
Apscheneek Lat 8 61-7
Najdorf Pie 6 o =—
NN
OF
ND
Otr 60-0
aOonnnanan

Board 3
Kashdan USA 13 87-5
A. Steiner H 12 80:5
P. Frydman PL 9 70-6
Grau Arg 8 oh
om
=
—ph 70-0

Board 4
22 N-B3 N-N1 23 QR-QI1 P-R3: 24
Danielsson S 12 77°8 KR-K1 (24 P-K7!) 24... N-K2!
Guimard Arg 8 68-7 25 Q-K5-++ K-R2 26 N-R4 R-KBI 27
Luckis lat 7 67-6 P-KB4 R-N1! 28 N-B5 P-N4 29 NxB
Marshall USA 3 NOD
bh
NO
—=
Oo 65-0 RXN 30 P-B4 PxP 31 QxP/4 R-KN3
32 Q-R4 R-QNI 33 R-K5 Q-KBI 34
Reserve Q-B2 R-Q1 35 Q-B5 P-B3 36 R-KB1
Horowitz USA I1 86-7 Q-N2 37 R-K2 R-KNI1 38 P-N3?
Regedzinski P10 84-6 RxNP-+! 39 K-R1 R-N3 40 Q-N6
Pleci Arg 11 >
nN)
i 82:3 RxP 41 R-KNI RxR 42 RxQ+
32 The Chess Olympiads
RxR 43 P-KR4? (43 P-KR3!=) R-K1+ K-B2 14 NxN! KxN 15
43 ...R-K8+ 44 K-R2 R-K7+ 45 Q-Q6+ B-K3 16 B-N5+! KxB 17
K-R3 P-B5 0-1 RxBN-Q2 18QxNQxBP 19 P-B4+
K-R4 20 R-K5+ K-R3 21 R-KR5+!
Castaldi (Italy) -Tartakower (Poland) 1-0
Philidor
Keres (Estonia) - Dr Euwe (Holland)
1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 P-Q3 3 P-Q4 Ruy Lopez
N-KB3 4 N-B3 QN-Q2 5 B-K2 B-K2
6 0-0 P-KR3 7 P-QN3 P-B3 8 B-N2 1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 B-N5
Q-B2 9 Q-Q2 P-KN4 10 KR-Q1 N-B1? P-QR3 4 B-R4 N-B3 5 0-0 NxP 6
11PxP a 12 NXKP! B-K3 13 P-Q4 P-QN4 7 B-N3 P-Q4 8 PxP
B-K3 9 P-B3 B-K2 10 B-K3 N-R4 11
Md N-Q4 0-0 12 P-B3 N-B4 13 P-KB4
N/B4xB 14 NXN N-B5 15 B-Q4
B-KB4 16 R-B2 P-QR4 17 N-B5 P-R5
18 Q-QBI1 Q-K1 19 N-Q2 Q-B3 20
P-QN4 PxPep 21 N/Q2xP R-R6
22 P-N4? B-K5? 23 P-B5! B-R5 24
NxXB PXN 25 R-KN2 R/I-RI1! 26
N-B5 NxP 27 BXN QxN-+ 28 B-OQ4
Q-O4 29 Q-B4! P-B4! 30 Bk NP KxB
31 P-N5 RxBP! 32 QxB QxBP 33
Q-R6+ K-N1 34 Q-QB6 R-QI1 35
N-N5! oni 14 Q-R5B-Ol I5RXB+ QxNP R/B6-Q6 36 R-KBI R-Q8 37
QxR 16 N-B7+ 1-0 R/2-KB2 Q-N5-+ 38 K-R1 P-K6 39
RxXP P-K7 40 Q-N3 RxR+ 41
Dr Trifunovié (Yugoslavia) - RxR-+ P-B5! 0-1
Apscheneek (Latvia)
Bédk (Finland) — Najdorf (Poland)
Latvian Gambit
Sicilian
1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 P-KB4 3 NxP
Q-B3 4 N-B4 PxP 5 N-B3 Q-KN3 6 1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 P-Q3 3 P-Q4
P-Q3 B-N5 7 PxP QxKP+ 8 N-K3 PxP 4NxP N-KB3 5 N-QB3 P-K3 6
BxN-+ 9 PxB N-KB3 10 B-B4 P-B3 B-KN5 P-OR3 7 Q-Q2 P-R3 8 BXN
11 0-0 aia 12 NxP! QxB 13 Q xB 9 0-0-0 N-B3 10 N-N3
ee 11
23
 Olympiad, Stockholm, 1937 33
P-B4 Q-B2 12 P-KR4 B-Q2 13 R-R3 Dunkelblum (Belgium) —
0-0-0 14 Q-B2 K-N1 15 R/3-Q3 B-K2 Flohr (Czechoslovakia)
16 K-N1 B-QBI 17 P-N3 P-QN4 18
Griinfeld
P-R4 P-N5 19 N-R2 B-N2 20 P-B3
N-R4 21 NXN QXN(24) 22 NxP 1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-KN3 3
P-Q4 23 PXP BXN 24 PxB P-KN3 P-B3 4 B-N2 P-Q4 5 PxP
QxRP 25 B-N2 PxP 26 Q-N6 K-R1 NxP 6 N-KB3 B-N2 7 0-0 0-0 8
27 R/1-Q2 Q-KI1 28 RxP RxR 29 P-KR3 P-QB4! 9 Px P N-R3 10 P-B6
BxR Q-K8+ 30 K-R2 BxB+ 31 PxP 11 N-Q4 N/4—-N5 12 P-K3 R-NI1
R xB 1-0 13 N-R3 P-QB4 14 N/4-N5 B-K3 15
N x P Q-N3 16 N/7-N5 NxP 17 R-N1
Kashdan (USA) —A. Steiner (Hungary) KR-Q1 18 Q-K2 B-Q2 19 R-RI
Bogoljubow N/R3-N5! 20 R-Q1 BxN 21 RxR+
RXR 22 NxXxB NXxB 23 RXN N-Q6!
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-OB4 P-K3 3 N-KB3 0-1
B-N5+ 4 B-Q2 BxB+ 5 QxB P-QN3
6 P-KN3 B-R3 7 Q-B2 P-B4 8 B-N2 Ozols (Latvia) —- Reid (Scotland)
N-B3 9 PxP PxP 10 0-0 0-0 11
QN-Q2 R-NI 12 P-N3 R-N3 13 English
KR-K1 N-QN5 14 Q-B3 P-Q3 15 1 P-QB4 P-K4 2 N-QB3 N-KB3 3
P-OR3 N-B3 16 QR-NI Q-NI1 17 P-KN3 B-B4 4 B-N2 P-Q3 5 P-K3
N-N5 R-B1 18 N/2-K4 NxN 19 BxN N-B3 6 KN-K2 B-K3? 7 N-Q5? (7
P-R3 20 N-B3 B-N2 21 B-B2 Q-B2 22 P-O4!) 7... N-QN5?? 8 NxN/4 1-0
Q-Q3 P-N3 23 P-KR4 P-KR4 24
R/N1-Q1 R-Q1 25 Q-K3 K-N2 26 Dr Euwe (Holland) —-
R-Q2 P-K4 27 K-R2 N-Q5 28 NxXN Lilienthal (Hungary)
BPXN 29ag eee Ph

30 P-B4 P-Q6! 31 RXP PB = RxP The World Champion blundered with 71

PxQ 33 RxP+ K-B2 34 BPXNP B-Q5?? and after 71... P-B7 Dr Euwe
R-KB6 35 PXR R-Q7+ 36 K-R3 resigned. Instead, he could have won
RXB 0-1 easily by 71 B-N6! P-B7 72 B-Q3.
34 The Chess Olympiads

8 Olympiad, Buenos Aires

August 24-September 19, 1939
The eighth and last pre-war chess Olympiad gathered together 27
teams, many more than ever before. The chess caravan left Amsterdam
for Buenos Aires on the ship ‘Piriapolis’. The ship, as it happened,
served as Noah’s Ark, saving a large colony of European chess players
from the horrors of World War II. Fifteen countries represented
Europe, 11 the Americas and one, Palestine, Asia. Four groups were
set up, three of which were composed of seven teams each and one of
six. The four top teams out of each semi-final group qualified for the top
final group.
Some teams, which, on the basis of earlier Olympic results, could have
hoped for a high standing, did not appear. The four-time consecutive
winners of the Hamilton-Russell trophy, the Americans, did not take
part, nor did the Hungarians, the victors at the first two Olympiads.
The absence of the American team is explained by an extract from
the October 1939 issue of Chess: ‘The current American Chess Bulletin,
official organ of the National Chess Federation of USA explains the
absence of their team from Buenos Aires. Apparently the five members
of the team felt they could not be away from home for ten or eleven
weeks without some compensation and made it known they expected
at least $2,500 in addition to the travelling and hotel expenses said to
be guaranteed by the Argentine Chess Federation. The response to the
need for funds was, says the Bulletin, “pathetically” small. On July 25,
it was announced that $1,500 were available. Some time before, how-
ever, Fine had withdrawn his name and after a meeting, the largest
contributors to this total decided it might not be used for any team
which did not include Reshevsky and Fine. And that was that.’
The official reason offered for the Yugoslav absence was that ‘Europe
was being threatened by war’, while the real story stemmed from the
poor financial standing of the Yugoslav Chess Federation.
To the surprise of everyone, the Grossdeutscher Schachbund, which
had re-enrolled in FIDE, sent a team to the Olympiad. It was obvious
from the start that this team would play a more important role than it
had at the first four Olympiads, for it was now reinforced with Austrian
players. Grandmaster Erich Eliskases of Innsbruck, the former Austrian
and then German champion, played on top board.
Former Czechoslovakia was now represented by the ‘Czecho-
 Olympiad, Buenos Aires, 1939 35

Moravian Protectorate’, the pathetic creation of Hitler. But the Czech

team did its best for its mutilated country and took sixth place.
Public interest in the 8th Olympiad was tremendous in both Argen-
tina and the whole of South America. Three to five thousand people
came to attend certain rounds. Such attendance was made possible by
the exceptionally spacious and finely decorated hall set up for play.
The revenue from the sale of tickets far exceeded that earned at previous
Olympiads. The main public attractions were such names as Alekhine,
Capablanca, Keres, Dr Tartakower, Petrov, Eliskases, Najdorf, Stahl-
berg and others.
A consolation tournament for the cup of the President of Argentina,
Ortiz, was organized for the 11 teams which did not qualify for the
finals.
On September 1, 1939, just as the beginning of the finals for the 8th
Olympiad was about to take place, Hitler’s troops attacked Poland.
Several days later, England and France declared war on Germany.
The developments in Europe were felt on the chess boards in Buenos
Aires. The English team was ordered from London to return home
immediately, which it did. The number of teams in the final was thus
reduced to 15.
Next came statements from the captains of the French, Polish and
Palestinian teams that their players firmly refused to play against the
Germans. The organizers, who had invested such effort and financial
means into convening the 8th Tournament of Nations, panicked. All
possible steps were taken to see the finals through. ‘The Olympic Com-
mittee ruled that Germany’s games with France, Poland and Palestine
be recorded as draws, 2—2. Given the complications brought about by
the war, six matches in the final were not in fact played.
The rivals for first place, Germany and Poland, were scheduled to
meet in the final round. The Poles had one point less and needed to
win now in order to overtake the Germans. But the derby match never
took place due to Poland’s earlier decision. The unplayed match was
registered a draw, 2-2, and the Germans held first place. Estonia’s
excellent performance is remarkable.
The winners’ Hamilton-Russell Trophy never arrived in Germany,
for there was no one to take it. First, two Austrians from the winning
team, Erich Eliskases and Professor Albert Becker, asked for asylum in
Argentina, and they were joined by three of the Reich’s players,
Engels, Michel and Reinhardt.
The entire Polish team, with Najdorf at the head, also remained in
36 The Chess Olympiads

Argentina, as did many masters from the other European countries.

Unsure as to the further development of events, Swedish Grandmaster
Stahlberg spent several years in Argentina, although the whirlwind of
war did not seize his country. Some of the Olympic players moved to
other South American countries, which helped to build up a cadre of
master chess and to raise the quality of chess there.
Of the South American countries taking part in the 8th Olympiad
only Cuba had its team led by such a famous Grandmaster as
Capablanca. The famous Cuban scored 8} points out of 11 games on
first board in the finals (77%), while the leader of the French team,
Alekhine, scored 74/10 (75%).
Alekhine and Capablanca escaped from meeting at the chess board,
but their very presence in the hall reminded the public of the match
played in the same city 12 years earlier.
For a long time, nothing was known about the fate of the Hamilton-
Russell Cup, which had not been presented to the Germans. Rumours
spread that the cup had disappeared. That this was not true became
evident in 1950 when the Argentinian team took it with them to the first
post-war Olympiad in Dubrovnik.

Preliminaries
August 29-31
Section I ] 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 Czechoslovakia Kui eat {yh n Bbrcaoser hBteoeed 183
2 Poland 2 x 3... 34. 24 34 4 184
3 England lt 1 % 3 © (2hupey3 en bh 134
4 Brazil 4 4 ] Madr 9 4 34 124
5 Canada ] 14, 14 1 xX 2 3% 1]
6 Paraguay 4 3 ] Or Abbot Xer ohd a
7 Peru 0 O 14 4 Ava Zh 5

Section 2 ] 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 Latvia x 14 34 2 3 Bi) 4 174
2 Germany 24) et Koy Lh 3 24 3% 16
3 Chile toch darXo 2p2b Sig apdh 14
4 France lds petty hb-dadh bad Sp. 8% 134
5 Bulgaria l ] ] 2 Xoded 2 10
6 Uruguay ] 14.1 Xt ded 84
7 Bolivia ) 4 4 4 2 1 Xx 43
 Olympiad, Buenos Aires, 1939 37

Section 3 ] 2 3 + 5 6 7
1 Argentina x 24 4 24.2% OF 4 18
2 Lithuania 13 x 14 3 24 Se 4 163
3 Holland l 2h tk 2 24 34 34 15
4 Denmark 14 ] 2 x 2 4 3 133
5 Iceland 14 14 14 2 x 34 3 13
6 Ireland 4 0 4 0 4 x 3 44
7 Ecuador 0 0 4 ] ] ] x 33
Section 4 1 2 3 4, 5 6
1 Sweden 2 21 PIES OP mae 4 14
2 Estonia 3 x 14 23 es & 13
3 Palestine 14 2k X l 34 2h 1]
4 Cuba 14 14 3 x ] 3 10
5 Norway 2) Be eae cE 8
6 Guatemala 0 0 14 l 14 x 4

Finals
September 1-19
FinalA
L 2 2940 556.57 .0 , On. 10, Il 12-13°14"15
1 Germany Meh 2b 9) Sin Se naee 2s oe, 2. ae ee
2 Poland 2* x 24 14 24 2*2 14 2 4 34 2 4 23 33
3 Estonia 1414 x 2 14 3 1423 2 2 3 3 34h 34 3
4 Sweden 1 24 2 x 34 14 1414 2 3 34 3 24 14 4
5 Argentina 1 1323 4 x 33 24 14 2*24 24 34 3 34 24
6 Czechoslovakia 1° 2* 1°24 4 x 3h 3h 24 2* 3 24 2 3h 24
7 Latvia 1 2 24 24 14 $ x 2 3 24 24 34 3 24 24
8 Holland 2 24 14 24 24 4 2 x 142 2 «3 «2 244
9 Palestine 2*2 2 2 2* 14 1 24 x 24 3 #1 14 23 3
10 France or Ue 1d 2 RA 2P 1g 22) 1 2 124
11 Cuba 4# 4¢144131312 «212 x 3 ‘3 ‘2424
12 Chile 2oeml 1 4.12.4,1,.3 3.,1 x, 14 24 18
13 Lithuania mM OPE Td 1 21, 2 eee 2, Peek, 3
14 Brazil 14 14 4 23 4 ¢ 191915
2 13:13 2 x 23
15 Denmark 14 4 1 O 13 14 13 O 33 O 14 24 1 14 x

(An asterisk indicates that the match was not actually played)
38 The Chess Olympiads

Final B (Copa Argentina)

17.18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
16 Iceland Xoa 2 6S) 2e°S 3¢ 2h 2 oe ee
17 Canada to} x 3 2° 3 3°23, SPO S26
18 Norway 1 x 2414 3 4 2 34 344 27
19 Uruguay 2 14 x 3 2 34 34 24 3.4 26
20 Bulgaria a 124 1x 3 4 24 3$ 34 3 . 253
21 Ecuador ee
ND
ete LL ue kk a ee ee 21
22 Guatemala 2° 0% FO 1X 24 Se er oe
23 Ireland reps4 2 § 14 14 13 * 13:23 2% 155
24 Peru + 414 4 +1 ~«1« «24 x @Qkvol4
25 Bolivia 4 41 4 4 1142 x 24 °°10
26 Paraguay —_
NN
©— 1001 1 1 14 14 13x 93

Individual Results Reserve

Pleci Arg 14.1.2 :3,15.: 785
Board 1 Zita Cz. 10.4 2,12. 75-0
Alekhine F 9 70 78:1 Arnlaugsson IS 6 31 73 75:0
Keres 1s ake hl as 76-3
Capablanca C GW 71-6 Pleci (Argentine) — Endzelins (Latvia)
Petrov Lat. ta i.0 71-1
Stahlberg S Fg +det| 68-8 French
Eliskases G 1. Ose 67-9 1 P-K4 P-K3 2 P-Q4 P-Q4 3. N-Q2
Rojahn N 8 43 66:7 P-QB4 4 KN-B3 QP xP 5 Nx P N-Q2
6 PxP NxP 7 QxQ+ KxQ 8
Board 2 B-KN5+ P-B3 9 0-0-0+ K-KI1 10
Yanofsky CDN 12 31 84-4 B-N5+ K-B2(27) 11 R-Q8!! B-K2 12

EDAD
Foerder-Porath Pal 9 4 1 78-6
Najdorf PL tik € 2 77°8
Lundin S 10 15 65-6
Foltys Carer ke 65-6

Board 3
Engels Gott 400 87:5 SO
RY

Gudmundsson IS_ 11 03 78-6

P. Frydman PL 11 42 76:5
Pelikan Cz ts de 70-0
Jac. Bolbochan Arg 10 6 3 68-4
_&
o

Board 4
Kandartiev BG 8 22 75-0 N-K5+ PxN 13 N-Q6+! K-N3 14
Friedmann Est 11 3 3 73-5 BxB NxB 15 RxR P-QR3 16 B-K2
Prins NL 9 43 68-8 P-K5 17 P-KB4 P-N4 18 R-K8 K-B3
Guimard Arg 9 53 67-6 19 R-B8+ K-N3 20 P-KR4 B-N2 21
Danielsson S 0S 63-3 P-R5+ 1-0
 Olympiad, Buenos Aires, 1939 39

Dr Alekhine (France) - P-K3 4 Q-N3 N-QB3 5 B-Q2 R-NI 6

Eliskases (Germany) P-K3 P-OR3 7 B-Q3 BxB 8 QxB
Caro Kann
N-N5 9 BXN BxB-+ 10 QN-Q2 N-B3
11 0-0 0-0 12 P-B5 BxN 13 NxB
1 P-K4 P-QB3 2 P-Q4 P-Q4 3 P-B3 14 P-B4 N-Q2 15 P-QN4 P-B4
PxP PxP 4 P-QB4 N-KB3 5 N-QB3 16 P-QR4 Q-B2 17 KR-B1 R-R1 18
P-K3 6 N-B3 B-K2 7 PxP NxP P-N5 KR-N1 19 N-B3 RPxP 20 PxP
8 B-QN5+ B-Q2 9 BxB+ NxB 10 Q-Q1 21 P-N6! RxR 22 RxR
NxN PxN 11 Q-N3 N-N3 12 0-0 0-0 P-R3(28) 23 R-R7! K-B2 24 Q-K2
13 B-B4 B-Q3 14BxBQxB15KR-KI
QR-B1 16 QR-Bl P-KR3? 17 N-K5!
R-B2 18 P-N3 R/I-B1 19RxRRXR
20 Q-N5 N-Q2 21 NxN RxN 22
R-K8+ K-R2 23 P-KR4 P-R3 24
Q-K2 R-Q1l 25 R-K7 R-Q2 26 R-K5
P-KN3 27 P-R5 Q-KB3 28 Q-K3
R-Q3 29 Q-N3 R-N3 30 PxP+
QxNP 31 QxP RxP 32 R-B5 R-N4?
S

33 RxP+ K-NI 34 R-B6+ RxQ 35

RxQ+ K-R2 36 R-N6 RxP 37
RxNP+ K-NI 38 R-N6 R-QR5 39
ne_ lua
y

“Le

RxKRP RxP 40 K-N2 P-R4 41

R-R6 P-R5 42 R-R7 P-R6 43 P-N4 P-N3 25 N-Q2 N-B3 26 N-N3 K-K1
K-B1 44 P-N5 K-N1 45 K-N3 R-R8 46 27 N-R5 Q-Bl 28 Q-R2 N-Q2 29
K-N4 R-KN8+ 47 K-B5 R-N7 48 Q-KB2! N-B3 30 Q-R4 N-N1 31 P-N4!
P-B4 P-R7 49 K-B6 1-0 K-B2 32 P-N5 P-R4 33 Q-B2 K-K1 34
Yanofsky (Canada) — Dulanto (Peru)
Q-R2 N-K2 35 NxNPRxN36RxXxR
1-0
French
1 P-K4 P-K3 2 P-Q4 P-Q4 3 N-QB3 Capablanca (Cuba) -
N-KB3 4 B-KN5 Px P 5 Nx P QN-Q2 Czerniak (Palestine)
6 N-KB3 B-K2 7NxN+ NxN8B-Q3 Caro Kann
P_B4 9 PXP Q-R4+ 10 P-B3 QxP/4
11 0-0 0-0 12 R-K1 R-QI1 13 N-K5 1 P-K4 P-QB3 2 P-Q4 P-Q4 3 PxP
P-ON3 14BxN!BxB15BxP-+ K-Bl P xP 4 P-QB4 N-QB3 5 N-KB3 B-N5
(15... KxB 16 Q-R5+ K-NI 17
QxP+ K-R2 18 R-K3!) 16 Q-R5
BxN 17 RXB Q-B2 18 B-K4 B-N2 19
BxB QxB 20 Q-R8+ K-K221QxP
R-KNI1 22 RxP+! KxR 23 R-K1+ W,
K-Q3 24 Q-B6+ K-B4 25 R-K5+
K-B5 26 P-QN3+ K-Q6 27 Q-06+
K-B7 28 R-K2+ 1-0
Petrov (Latvia) - Grau (Argentine)
Queen’s Pawn UyWp
1 P-Q4 P-Q4 2 N-KB3 B-B4 3 P-B4
40 The Chess Olympiads

6 PXPQxP7 B-K2 P-K3 8 0-0 N-B3 33 R-K7 P-QR4 34 P-R5 QR-Q1 35

9 N-B3 Q-QR4 10 P-KR3 B-R4 11 K-K5 K-N1 36 R-KB2 P-B5 37 NxP
P-R3 R-QI 12 P-KN4 B-N3 13 P-N4 R/QI-K1 38 RXR RxR+ 39 KxP
BxXP 14PxBQxR(29) 15 Q-N3 RXP P-R5 40 N-B5 PxP 41 Px PR-KBI+
16 B-R3! B-B7 170xBQ xB18 N-QN5 42 K-N3 R-N1 43 R-QN2 R-N5 44
QxP19N/3xRNXN20NxN0-021 R-QR2! R-N4 45 R-R8+ K-B2 46
R-Q1 N-Q4 22 B-B3 N-B5 23 K-R2 R-R7+ K-K1 47 P-N4! B-B2 48 P-N6
P-K4 24 N-B5 P-KN3 25 N-K3 N-K3 Px P 49 P-R6 B-NI1 50 R-KN7 1-0
26 N-Q5 Q-R6 27 R-Q3 Q-R8 28
Q-Q2 K-N2 29 Q-K2 P-B3 30 Q-K3 Reed (Chile) —- Danielsson (Sweden)
P-OR3 31 R-Q1 Q-N7 32 N-B3 N-Q5
33 R-QN1 Q-B7 34 B-K4 1-0 Alekhine
1 P-K4 N-KB3 2 P-K5 N-Q4 3 P-Q4
Lundin (Sweden) — P-Q3 4 N-KB3 N-QB3 5 P-B4 N-N3
Silva-Rocha (Brazil) 6 P-K6! Px P 7 B~-Q3 N-Q2
8 0-0 N-B3
9 R-K1 P-K4 10 PXPNxP 11 NxN
Semi-Tarrasch
PXxN 12 RxP Q-Q3 13 B-B4 B-N5 14
1 N-KB3 N-KB3 2 P-B4 P-K3 3 N-B3 Q-Q2! Q-Q2 15 N-B3 R-Q1 16 N-Q5
P-B4 4 P-Q4 P-O4 5 B-N5 BPXxP 6 P-B3 17 Q-B2! K-B2 18 P-KR3 PxN
QxP N-B3 7 BxN PxB8 Q-R4 PxP 19 PxB QxP 20 B-B5! QxB/5 21
9 QxQBP Q-N3 10 0-0-0? B-Q2 11 B-K6+ K-KI1 22 Q-R4+ R-Q2 23
P-K3 N-K4! 12 NxN PXxN 13 B-K2 RxP Q-B2 24 RxR NxR 25 R-Q1
R-B1 14 Q-Q3 B-R5 15 R-Q2 B-N5 16 1-0
K-NI BxN 17 R-QBI P-K5! 18 Q-Q4
BxQ 19RxR+ K-K2 0-1 Dr W. Cruz (Brazil) -
Apscheneek (Latvia)
Eliskases (Germany) — Lopez (Cuba)
Réti
1 N-KB3 P-Q4 2 P-QN3 N-KB3 3
B-N2 QN-Q2 4 P-N3 P-KN3 5 P-B4
B-N2 6 PxP 0-0 7 B-N2 NxP 8 BxB
KxB 9 0-0 P-K4 10 Q-BI P-QB3 11
N-B3 N/4-B3 12 P-Q4! Q-K2 13 P-K4!
PxP 14 NxP N-K4 15 P-B4 Q-B4 16
R-Q1 N/4-N5 17 P-K5 N-R4 18 N-K4
QxQ 19 QRxQ N-K6 20 R-Q2 NxB
21 KxN K-RI 22 K-B3 N-N2 23 V1 Vee
P-KN4 N-K3 24 N-K2! N-B2 25 N-Q6
P-B3 26 PxP RxP 27 P-B5! R-Bl 28 41 KxBP!! R-Bl+!42 KxR BxR 43
N-KB4 P x P 29 P-N5 N-K3 30 P-KR4 N-B6+ K-R1 44 P-B5! P-KN4 45
NxN 31 KxN B-K3 32 R-K1 B-Q4 P-K6 B-B3 46 N-Q7 1-0
 The Chess Olympiads 41

Survey of Total Results Recorded at Chess Olympiads from

1927-1939
1927 33 35 37
1 USA Least] aude 2-00
2 Poland pene Oe 2°57
3 Hungary Be 2 3:57
4 Czechoslovakia Dehli B 4-62
5 Germany 5°20
6 Austria EIN ellie 5°83
7 Yugoslavia ati 7:00
8 Estonia METER PONE 7:00
9 Sweden ws teak 6 7:37
10 Argentina cesT Singet, 7:40
11 Holland anata 7:50
12 England 10 12 13 9-10
13 Latvia 9,GGOvcts bl 9:42
14 Cuba 11-00
15 France Fil Oh 11-28
16 Switzerland st hee 11-50
17 Lithuania 14 8 11-50
18 Denmark 12 16 15 11-62
19 Palestine |[23
eal
rene
Spd
wie
FSP ee eee 12-00
20 Chile oral
esrnel|
|
corer]
|»|
|| 12-00
21 Belgium eet FET 14-00
22 Italy —_—© 18 14 14-00
23 Brazil 14-00
24 Finland cubebe 14-25
25 Iceland ree" 15-00
26 Romania lal
| 16 eats 15:25
27 Canada 17-00
28 Spain 17-00
29 Scotland Yi me I 17:00
30 Norway bd ittd 8 18-00
31 Uruguay 19-00
32 Bulgaria 20-00
33 Ecuador 21-00
34 Ireland 21-50
35 Guatemala 22-00
36 Peru 24-00
37 Bolivia 25-00
38 Paraguay 26-00
42 The Chess Olympiads

Three Unofficial Olympiads

On three occasions competitions were organized which were popularly
called Chess Olympiads but which were not recognized by the World
Chess Federation, FIDE. These irregular Olympiads were not listed in
FIDE?’s annual calendar, nor were they played under the usual condi-
tions, Still, in their own way, they contributed to the development of
world chess.

A: Paris Olympiad
In 1924 the French Chess Federation organized an international ama-
teur tournament in Paris in connection with the 8th Sports Olympics.
Taking part in the tournament were 54 participants from 18 countries.
The director of the tournament was Alekhine who divided all the par-
ticipants in the preliminaries into nine groups, with six players in each.
The winner of each group qualified for the final.
The results of the final were: 1 Mattison Latvia 54, 2 Apscheneek
Latvia 5, 3 Colle Belgium 44, 4-6 Dr Euwe Holland, Vajda Hungary and
Chepurnov Finland 4, 7 Palau Argentine 34, 8 Golmayo Spain 3, 9 Havasi
Hungary 2%.
The winner of the finals, Hermannis Mattison, was proclaimed
amateur World Champion.
The organizers endeavoured to determine the country which had
scored the best result, but this was pointless as certain countries had
appeared with four players, and others with three, two or only one.
Naturally, the only countries eligible were those who had sent four
players to Paris.

B: Budapest ‘Little Olympiad’

In connection with the 3rd FIDE Congress held in Budapest, in the
second half of July 1926, an international team match was organized at
which the games took place on four boards. The organizers had hoped
for a larger number of teams in the competition, but preparations were
late in getting under way and the invitations were not sent out in time.
As only four countries took part, the team competition became known
as the ‘Little Olympiad’. The results were 1 Hungary 9, 2 Yugoslavia 8,
3 Romania 5, 4-Germany 2.
 Three Unofficial Olympiads 43

C: Munich Olympiad August 16—September 1, 1936

The 1936 Olympiad in Munich was held in great pomp and ceremony.
It was organized by the Great German Chess Federation which at the
time was not a member of FIDE. An interesting experiment was made,
for the matches were played on eight and not four boards, as is usually
the case at the Olympiads. Each team comprised eight players and two
reserves. There were 21 teams, meaning 210 masters actively taking
part. By increasing the number of boards in the matches it was easier to
give a more precise evaluation of the strength and quality of chess being
played by the participating countries.
The United States and England did not take part. At the time,
England was organizing the famous tournament in Nottingham, which
boasted such names as Dr Euwe, Dr Alekhine, Dr Lasker, Capablanca,
Botvinnik, Flohr, Reshevsky, Fine and others. The tournament, in fact,
was rather a rival of the Munich Olympiad, for it attracted the atten-
tion of the entire world to the battle of the greats taking place in
Nottingham. | 3

12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12 13 14°15 16 17 18 19 20 21
1 Hungary x 5 44 5 53 54 44 44 54 5 5 6 53 54 44 64 6 5 68 7 7H 1105
2 Poland 3 x 44 44 5 33.4 53 5 44 7 54 6 6 33 64 5h 64 6} 7} 8 108
3 Germany 34 33 x 4 4 63 54 44 5.6 43 44 53 44 64 64 7 6 54 7 6E 1063
4 Yugoslavia 3 34 4 x 3 6 44 54 54 4 43 53 53 64 4 6 7 5 748 7 7 1044
5 Czechoslovakia 24 3 4 5 x 27 4 5 4 4 6 64 6 64 5 6 64 6 64 8 104
6 Latvia 23 44 14 2 58 x 3444 5 6 4 5 64 7 63 5$ 53 4 54 5 7 #964
- 7 Austria 34 4 23 34 1.44 x 44 5 4 53 4 53 44 54 7 53 7 5k 64 6 95
8 Sweden 34 24 34 24 4 34 34 x 53 44 4 4 5 64 44 6 54 64 6 64 64 94
9’ Denmark 2433 3°24 3-3 3 24 x 44 63 7 53 44 5 5 54 7 5 637 913
10, Estonia 3 34 2 4 4 2 4 34 34 x 34 4 53 44 64 64 6 6 63 53 6 90
11 Lithuania 3 1 34 33 4 4 24 4 14 44 x 34 3 4 44.53 3 6 44 54 63 774
12 Finland 14 23 33 28 2 3 44 «1 4 44 x 38 4 4 4 53 44:54 6 53 75
13 Holland 2k 2 2k 24 14 14 24 3 24 235 44 x 5 53 44 5 46 44 5 5 714
14 Romania 24 2 33 14 2 1 33 14 34 33 4 4 3 x 53:34 4 4 44: 6 5 68
15 Norway 34 44 14 4 13 14 24 3 3 14 34 4 24 23x 34 34 34 23 7 =5 644
16 Brazil 1314.14 2 3.24 1 2 3-14 244 33 44 44 x 4 54 5 6 4 63
17 Switzerland 2 24 1 1 2 24 24 2323 2524 3444 4x 5 3 5 5 614
18 Italy 3 142 3 14 4 1 141 2 2 33 33 4 44 24 3 x 6 4 53 59
19 Iceland 14 13 24 4 2 23 24 2 3 14 33 24 34 33 53 3 5 2 x 44 5 574
20 France Pow YP) 1k Ss, Ut 1d 14°24 20 2 3 2” L345 34 x 15d 434
21 Bulgaria eo Ore Pee Ore 2 Ie el? Pi ee So SSP ay 2a 3S'2F CX 383
44 The Chess Olympiads

9 Olympiad, Dubrovnik
August 19-September 10, 1950
After a pause of eleven years, a gap filled by the dramatic years of
World War II and great changes in world history, the tradition of the
chess Olympiads was revived. Many turbulent years transpired after
the Olympiad in Buenos Aires, and when the ‘guns fired’ there was
little room for chess and international co-operation. The first years after
the war were marked by significant changes in FIDE as well, but it was
five years before the first post-war Olympiad was organized.
At the FIDE Congress in Saltsj6baden, in 1948, the Yugoslav dele-
gates submitted Yugoslavia’s proposal to organize the 9th Chess Olym-
piad. The final decision was taken at the next Congress in Paris and the
Yugoslav offer was accepted. Unfortunately however, things did not go
so smoothly and much heated argument centred on this peaceful event.
As a result of the problems which arose over the Informbureau resolu-
tion (The Communist Information Bureau, set up at Warsaw, Octo-
ber 1947, by Communist parties of USSR, Bulgaria, Czechoslo-
vakia, Poland, Romania and Yugoslavia. In 1948 Yugoslavia was
expelled and the headquarters moved from Belgrade to Bucharest),
the Soviet delegation was against holding the Olympiad in Yugoslavia.
Political reasons explained the boycott of all East European countries at
the Olympiad in Yugoslavia. England did not attend because it was
holding its national championship at the same time.
The Olympiad was held in Dubrovnik, a town which enchanted the
players with its beauty. The playing conditions and organization were
superb, setting an example of how such events should be organized.
Marshal Tito received the participants.
New playing conditions were laid down in Dubrovnik. Forty moves
were to be played in two and a half hours, and there were seven free
days. After Dubrovnik, the Olympiads have been held regularly every
two years.
Sixteen teams took part, so there was no need for preliminary
groups. Although the number of participants was a modest one, this
Olympiad marks an important first step towards reviving an event
of vital significance for the expansion of chess and the promotion
of co-operation and friendship. By the 20th Olympiad, played in
Skopje, again in Yugoslavia, twenty-two years later, the number of
participating countries had increased fourfold! This may illustrate
 Olympiad, Dubrovnik, 1950 45

the growth of FIDE itself, which in the interim had become a strong
organization.
The balance of forces in chess had also altered in the whirlwind of
war. Some countries had disappeared from the map, while new ones
were born. The American team was one of the favourites in Dubrovnik,
but new powers were on the rise: Argentina, with a few superb players
who had taken up residence in this Latin American country when the
war broke out, Yugoslavia, where in the post-war years chess had
received strong moral and financial aid from the state, the young West
German team, and the Dutch team, etc.
In the relatively tense contest, especially between Yugoslavia and
Argentina, the Yugoslav team succeeded in winning the gold medal.
Argentina won the silver medal, its greatest achievement at the Olym-
piads until then, and West Germany the bronze medal. The American
team fared well against the leading teams, but not as well against those
at the bottom. It did not lose a single match.
The Olympiad rang with the names of many famous players; Naj-
dorf, Dr Euwe, Dr Tartakower, Reshevsky, Gligori¢, while the great
names of the past, such as Lasker, Gapablanca and Alekhine, were no
longer alive. Many young players were also at the Olympiad. The
French team included Madame Chaudé de Silans, rather unusual for
the men’s Olympiad.
Najdorf and Unzicker the ‘discoveries’ of the Olympiad, scored the
best results on first board, but in terms of the entire Olympiad this
honour went to Rabar, Yugoslavia, who scored 90% on board four.
12 S34 °5 6 FsB 59 10811. 12,43514 15 16
1 Yugoslavia Mole SE2°2$ 3 252435 BSCS 4 404 Air 4yoe4sh
2 Argentina 2} x 2 1414 4 3 3 24 2$ 34 34 4 34 34 3 433
3 W. Germany 12 x 14 3 2424243 3 3 4 3 3 2 34 4 403
4 USA | 2°24 2k x 2 24 2: 34-2 24 24 3 3.24 4 34 . 40
5 Holland lg 2401 2 x 1§ 24 24 2 2.2 35 38:244 4 37
6 Belgium 1 O 1$ 14 24 x 24 2 2 3 34 14 34 3 14 3 32
7 Austria 2 1 1g 2 14:14 x 24 2 14 24:14 2 3 3$34 314
8 Chile 2 114 4 «14 2«*WXxK 2 24-2 3 2324 4 2 ~=«30h
9 France Paley dee? “2/2 Que2sK Pew 2b 2452 3b. Shne28F
10 Finland EQlh dot 20.1 24 14 3k kK §-3 2 3 QE «28
11 Sweden 13013 2 $14 2 3 33 x 142 3 2 34 273
12 Italy 0 $¢ 1 1 1 2423 1 «14 1 24 x 3 34 2 24 25
13 Denmark Grote ier as 2 14 12:24 2,1 xk 92. 3.38 4.29
14 Peru Owmeinenigorerd 1. 14. 2O2eer ge 2 sero 2 214
15 Norway 044 002 4041 2 2 21 «21 ~x 3$~ =#15
16 Greece CF Fe Orgran l gra Hi gig’ eZee eK OLD
46 The Chess Olympiads

Nineteen-year-old Larry Evans, as’ first reserve, scored the same per-
centage. Playing for the winning team were Gligorié 11/15, Pirc 93/14;
Trifunovié 10/13, Rabar 9/10 and Puc 1/3.

Individual Results 6 P-K3 P-QN3 7 B-Q3 B-N2 8 P-B3

Board 1
N-B3 9 N-K2 0-0 10 P-K4 N-K1 11
Najdorf Arg 86011 78-6 B-K3 P-Q3 12 N-N3 Q-OQ2 13 0-0
Unzicker BRD 94111. 78-6
N-R4 14 P-B4 P-B4 15 Q-K2 P-N3 16
Reshevsky USA 650 8} 77:3 KR-QI Q-R5 17 P-K5 QPxP 18
Gligorié aaa a ee tl tae
QPxKP B-R3 19 B-QB2! Q-B3°20
O’Kelly B 86111 73-3
B-Q3 R-QI1 21 N-Bl N-KN2 22 N-Q2
Euwe NL 561 8 66-7
Q-R5 23 R-KBI R-Q2 24 R-B3
Beni A 591 94 63-3
R/1-Q1 25 B-KB2 B-N2 26 R-K3 N-R4
Book SF 5 3:5. 64.577
27 B-N3 NxB 28 RXN N-N629 NXN
QxN 30 B-B2 Q-N7 31 R-QI QxB!
Board 2 32 RXR Q-N8+! 33 Q-BI QxQ+ 34
jul. Bolbochan Arg 950 114 82:1 KxQRxRO-1
Rossolimo F 7.4 1. 9 75:0
Schmid BRD 741 9 75:0
Rabar (Yugoslavia) —
Pirc ay 752 9 67:9
Primavera (Italy)
Flores Chi 663 9 60-0

Board 3 King’s Indian

Trifunovic Y 84110 769 1 P-O4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-KN3 3
Prins NL 532 6% 65-0 N-QB3 B-N2 4 P-K4 P-Q3 5 B-K2 0-0
Pfeiffer BRD 461 7 63-6 6 B-B4 P-KR3 7 P-KR4! KN-Q2 8
Guimard Arg 442 6 60-0 Q-Q2 K-R2 9 N-B3 P-K4 10 B-K3
Board 4 PxP 11 NxP N-K4 12 P-B3 QN-B3
Rabar x 820 9 90-0 13 0-0-0 NXN 14 BXN B-K3(3/) 15
Cortlever NL 650 8% 77:3
Rossetto Arg 471 7} 62:55 31
N. Bergkvist S 633 74 62:5

Ist Reserve
Pilnik Arg 6.5... olbed tay
Lambert A 642 8 66-7
Vidmar jun* Y Sof A} 3) Moen

2nd Reserve
Evans USA 820 9 90-0
‘A Zi
Donner NL 332 4$ 56-2 yy ER Y
‘ Wh
ea)
B=
Va YA El
Mastichiadis (Greece) -
Dr Euwe (Holland) P-B4! P-QB4 16 B-K3! NxP 17 BxN
BxXB 18 P-R5 B-Q5 19 BxB PxB
Nimzo-Indian
20 QxP R-BI 21 PxP+ KxP
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2P-OB4 P-K3 3 N-QB3 (21... PxP?? 22 RxP+! KxR 23
B-N5 4 P-OR3 BxN+ 5 PxB P-B4 R-R1+) 22 P-B5+ K-R2 23 P-B6
 Olympiad, Dubrovnik, 1950 47

R-KNI1 24 P-K5 R-N3 25 Q-K4 K-N1 24 Px P. Q-B2 25 P-Q6 Q-N2 26 OR-B1

26 RxXQP Q-R4 27 RxP B-Q4 28 R-K1 27 Q-Q4 R/K1-Q1 28 Q-QB4
RxR-+ 1-0 Q-B6 29 Q-Q3 Q-R4 30 Q-K4 Q-N4
31 R-B3 Q-R4 32 R-Q5 Q-R6 33
O’Kelly (Belgium) - Béék (Finland) R-Q4 Q-K3 34 Q-Q5 Q-B4 35 R-B3
Q-N3 36 K-N2 R-QBI 37 R-QB4
Colle R/B1-Q1 38 R/3-B3 P-KR4 39 P-R4
Q-B4 40 Q-K4 Q-K3 41 R-Q4 P-N3
1 P-Q4 P-Q4 2 N-KB3 N-KB3 3 P-K3
49 Q-Q5 Q-K1 43 R/Q4-QB4 K-R2 44
P-K3 4 QN-Q2 P-B4 5 P-B3 QN-Q2 6
R-B7 K-N2 45 RXR QxR 46 R-B7
B-Q3 B-Q3 7 Q-K2 Q-B2 8 0-0 0-09
Q-B4 47 Q-B3 Q-K3 48 R-K7 1-0
P-K4! BPxP 10 BPXPPxP11NxP
N-Q4 12 NxXB QXN 13 Q-K4 N/2-B3
Castaldi (Italy) - Reshevsky (USA)
14 Q-R4 B-Q2 15 R-K1 KR-BI 16 R-
K5 P-KN3 17 B-Q2 P-QR3 18 R/1-K1 Réti
B-R5 19 P-QN3 B-N4 20 B-Nl
P-QR4(32) 21 N-N5! R-K1 22 B-K4
1 N-KB3 P-Q4 2 P-KN3 N-KB3 3
B-N2 P-KN3 4 0-0 B-N2 5 P-B4 P-O5
4 6 P-K3 P-B4 7 PxP PxP 8 P-Q3
N-B3 9 Q-R4? 0-0 10 P-ON4 N-Q2 11
QN-Q2 P-OR4 12 B-QR3 PxP 13
QxR N-N3 0-1

Dr Tartakower (France) —
Reshevsky (USA)
English
1 P-QB4 N-KB3 2 N-QB3 P-KN3
3 P-K4 P-Q3 4 P-B4 P-B4! 5 N-B3
N-B3 6 P-Q3 B-N2 7 B-K2 0-0 8 0-0
B-B3 23 BxN BxB 24 NxKP N-Q2 B-N5 9 B-K3 N-Q2 10 Q-Q2 R-NI 11
25 N-N5! NxXR 26 QxP+ K-BI 27 K-R1 Q-R4 12 N-KNI BxB 13
PxN Q-N3 28 P-K6! 1-0 N/1xBN-Q5 14BxN PxB 15 N-ONI
QxQ 16 NxXQ P-QN4!(33) 17 OR-BI
Gligorié (Yugoslavia) — 7: EE
Unzicker (W. Germany)

Queen’s Gambit Declined UN Fe

1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-K3 3 VY
N-QB3 P-O4 4 B-N5 B-K2 5 N-B3 0-0
6 P-K3 P-KR3 7 B-R4 P-QN3 8 B-Q3
PxP 9 BxBP B-N2 10 0-0 QN-Q2
11 Q-K2 N-K5 12 B-KN3 NxB
13 RPxN P-QB4 14 KR-Ql BxN
15 PxB PxP 16 PxP! B-Q3 17
P-B4 R-K1? 18 B-N5 R-QBI 19 N-K4
Q-K2 20 P-Q5 P-K4 21 Q-N4! N-B4 18 R-KB3 Px P19NxBPKR-Bl
R/K1-Q1 22 BkNRXB23NxBQXN 20, P-QN3 N-R3 21 K-N1 R-B3.22
48 The Chess Olympiads
N-N2 RxXR+ 23 NxR R-QBI 24 29 P-KN4 Q-R6 30 Q-N5 B-Q5+ 31
N-B4 P-K3 25 N-K2 P-OQ4 26 PxP B-K3 Bx B+ 32 KxB RXR 33 QxB
P xP 27 N-K5 P-B3 28 N-N4 P-R4 29 R/1-Q1 34 QxNP Q-R3+ 35 K-B2
N-B2 P-B4 30 N-R3 R-B7 31 K-BI Q-B5 36 K-N2 R/1-Q7+ 0-1
RxP 32 N-N5 N-N5 33 N-K6 N-B7
34 P-R3 B-B3 35 K-B2 N-K6 36 P-N3 van Scheltinga (Holland) —-
K-B2 37 N-N5-+- K-K2 38 P-KN4 Pirc (Yugoslavia)
P-R5!39PxPPxP40RXN+PXR+
41 KxP R-N7 42 N-Q4 BxN/Q5+ Nimzo-Indian
43 KxB RxP 44 K-K5 P-R4 45 1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-K3 3
KXxBP P-R5 46 K-N6 P-R6 47 P-BS N-QB3 B-N5 4 N-B3 0-0 5 Q-N3 P=B4
R-N3+ 0-1 6 B-N5 N-B3 7 PX PBx P8 P-K3 B-K2
9 B-K2 P-QN3 10 0-0 B-N2 11 P-QR3
Morcken (Norway) — Porreca (Italy) P-KR3 12 B-R4 R-Bl 13 QR-Ql
Nimzo-Indian N-QR4 14 Q-R2 N-K5! 15 NXNBXN
16 BXB QxB 17 N-Q2 BRI 18
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-K3 3 N-QB3 P-ON4 N-B3 19 Q-N2 KR-QI 20
B-NS 4 Q-B2 P-Q4 5 P-QR3 BxN+ B-B3 P-Q3 21 R-Bl N-K4 22 BxB
6 QXB N-K5 7 Q-B2 P-QB4 8 QPx P RXB 23 Q-Q4 QR-BI 24 KR-Q1
N-QB3 9 N-B3 Q-R4+ 10 B-Q2 NxB Q-B2 25 P-B4 N-B3 26 Q-N2 N-K2 27
11QxXNPxXxP12QxQNXxQ 13 P-K3 P-K4! P-O4! 28 KPxP QxKBP 29
N-N6 14 R-Q1 P-B6! 15 PXPNxP 16 PxP Q-K6+ 30 K-R1 Q-K7! 31
B-N5+ K-K2 17 K-K2 P-QR3 18 Px P+ K-Bl 32 Q-B2 R-Q5 33 Q-R7
B-Q3 P-B3 19 R-QNI P-K4 20 B-B2 R/1 xP! 34 R-Bl1 R-B5! 35 N-B3 RXR
B-K3 21 N-Q2 P-QN4 22 R-N4 P-R3 36 RXR RXNO0-1
23 R-R1 KR-QBI 24 P-QR4 PxP 25
BxP P-QR4! 26 R-R4? R-RI! 27 Dr Euwe (Holland)-Béék (Finland)
P-B3 P-R4 28 P-N4 PxP 29 RxR
RXR 30 N-BI B-B5+ 31 K-B2 PxP Grinfeld
32 B-Q1 BXN 33 KxXB RXP 34 BxXP
N-N6 0-1
1 N-KB3 N-KB3 2 P-KN3 P-KN3 3
B-N2 B-N2 4 P-B4 0-0 5 0-0 P-O4 6
P-Q4 P-K3 7 P-N3 P-N3 8 B-QR3
Myhre (Norway) - Castaldi (Italy) R-K1 9 QN-Q2 B-N2 10 R-B1 QN-Q2
Grinfeld 11 R-K1 N-K5 12 Q-B2 R-QBI 13
R/BI-Q1 P-KB4 14 B-N2 Q-K2 15
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-KN3 3 N-K5 N/2xN 16 PXN R/KI-Q1
N-QB3 P-Q4 4 N-B3 B-N2 5 P-K3 0-0 N-N1 17 N-N1 PxP 18 QxP P-Bé4 19
6 Q-N3 PxP 7 BxP N/3-Q2 8 B-Q2 P-B3 N-N4 20 N-R3 P-QR3 21 Q-KR4
N-N3 9 B-K2 B-K3 10 Q-B2 N-B3 11 P-N4 22 R-Q6 B-Bl 23 B-QBI N-B2
N-QR4? B-B4 12 Q-N3 P-K4! 13 PxP 24 QxQ BxQ 25 RxKP R-B2 26
NxXN!14QxNNXP15R-QI N-Q6+ P-B4 B-QBI 27 R-N6 P-B5 28 R-N8
16 BXN QxB 17 B-Bl Q-N8! 18 B-B4+ 29 P-K3 B-N5 30 R-Bl PxP
Q-R3 B-K3 19 P-QN3 B-B6+ 20 K-K2 31 PxP B-K3 32 R-N6 B-QBI 33
Q-B7+ 21 B-OQ2 B-N7 22 Q-R4 R-QB6 RXR 34 BXR B-K3 35 N-B2
KR-QI 23 N-K1 Q-KB4 24 P-K4 B-B6 36 P-K4? Bx NP 37 N-K3 PxP
Q-KR4+ 25 P-B3 B-O2 26 Q-N4 38 BXKP P-QR4 39 R-B3 P-N5 40
B-N4+ 27 K-B2 P-R4 28 Q-K7 R-O2 N-B1 P-R5 0-1 |
 Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952 49

10 Olympiad, Helsinki
August 9-31, 1952
The number of teams taking part at the 10th Olympiad grew to 25.
For the first time, the Soviet Union took part in the competition, a
team which would win the gold medal from Olympiad to Olympiad.
In the preliminaries, the teams were divided into three groups. The
top three teams in each group qualified for the Championship Final,
Group A, and the rest for the Consolation Final, Group B.
In the Finals, the dramatic contest for second place lasted until the
final round, until the last game of the Olympiad. The struggle for
second place was to become the main source of excitement at future
Olympiads, for the Soviet team almost always succeeded in erasing any
doubt as to the first place winner.
In Helsinki the Soviets had such a strong team that it set a precedent
for the Olympiads. Playing in the winning team were Keres 64/12,
Smyslov 104/13, Bronstein 8/10, Geller 103/14, Boleslavsky 7/8 and
Kotov 2/3. World Champion Mikhail Botvinnik was missing.
The Soviet team drew three matches and won the others. Although
not quite a smooth victory, it won with a point and a half to spare. At
future Olympiads this gap was to increase. Keres lost two games in
Helsinki, Bronstein one (against Robert Byrne) and Geller also one
(against Trifunovic).

Preliminaries
Section I [ard oe! 48 ee 6 Sy) ees
1 Argentina Me 2 im. OFh OREO SEE Oe Moe de cook
2 W. Germany Jy eX Fi28° 245 2Ee Se elk ae ae ieao
3 Czechoslovakia Qe 2 Ch Ke 2h) BMI 3h 24S Ae MAZE
4 England Fee ldeslget Ks 22 2h 4 oration 18
5 Denmark Pelee 1s 2 KS] IE 3 Meme los
6 Cuba $0 dee 4% 25> 285% (24, 2h 8pO1lk
7 Iceland % 13 14 14 24 14 xk 1 2 ~~ «124
8 Saar $40 & lee Omega], 24 xX 1A8M HOC 10}
9 Luxembourg Og-0*O0'04 084 2 OO % 24
50 The Chess Olympiads
Section 2
1 Sweden
2 Hungary
3 Yugoslavia
4 E, Germany
5 Austria
6 Italy
7 Brazil
8 Norway
Section 3
1 USSR
2 USA
3 Finland
4 Israel
5 Holland
6 Poland N09
ND
oN
OO
7 Switzerland
8 Greece me
eH
Osk
XK
eX
ON
OM
ONe
NN
& D0 Peper
rH
ga
OOK
wh
BRD
NOON
we
GE
OO
—X
KO ePruyex
enPowan
ex pope
OO
PH
wpe
nok
noes
nos
Loe
09
OOK
HB
HR
OO
noe
KD
Finals
Final A
1 USSR
2 Argentina
3 Yugoslavia
4 Czechoslovakia
5 USA
6 Hungary
7 Sweden
8 W. Germany
9 Finland
Final B
10 Holland
11 Israel
12 Poland
13 E. Germany
14 Denmark —

15 Cuba om
Oe
ee
ge
ee
eX
tI
NS
=
16 England
17 Austria
18 Italy ly vy
Rx
Ss
ERLo
wwoPgo
HX
 Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952 51
Final C 2Oe 2 TEX 227 (29-24-0425
19 Brazil Pye Hhivigy Mlgh Vga liga Tygy
20 Greece Se ag eeget8fan ath MP
21 Norway Na ee nyGora Ala
22 Switzerland — 945 Tie GO 23-340 13
23 Iceland PA T94e! 9EO-% WVAO 4 HDL
24 Saar TSF SEO NS SOA PORT
25 Luxembourg ©X© cit Dat xl wing lly asda
Sree
re
Cr

Individual Results 2nd Reserve

Board 1 Rellstab BRD 5 31. 6$ 72-2
Najdorf Arg 78-1 Grynfeld PL 5 41 7 70:0
Stahlberg S 76:1
Szabo H 75:0 Pytlakowski (Poland) -
Reshevsky USA 73-1 Smyslov (USSR)
German BR 68-2 Queen’s Gambit Accepted
Gligorié ry. 63-3
Czerniak IL 60-0 1 P-Q4 P-Q4 2 P-QB4 Px P 3 N-KB3
Filip Cz =
OO
© 09 NO
nans
An ee
OF
Or
69
~7
Hm ON
mm
= 571 N-KB3 4 Q-R4+ P-B3 5 QxP/4
B-N5 6 N-K5 B-K3 7 Q-Q3 QN-Q2
Board 2
8 NxN BxN 9 N-B3 Q-N3 10 B-Q2?
Smyslov USSR 80-8 P-K4! 11 PxP N-N5 12 Q-N3 0-0-0
Schmid BRD 75:0 13 P-KR3(34) 13... B-K3! 14 R-Q1
Rabar Y 66-7
Penrose Eng 65-4
Jul. Bolbochan Arg — 64-3
Benkner Saar DH
&
Is!
A &w
AnOan
Oo
= 64-3
meOoON

Board 3
Bronstein USSR 80-0
Donner NL 76:9
R. Byrne USA 70:0
Szily H 64-3
Lundin S 61-5
Nielsen Dk ~3
eo
ea
aunbs
oP
AADHe
PN
h 61-5
OkNE 15 PXN B-N5 16 R-R3 R-Q5
Board ¢ 17 Q-K3 R/1-Q1 18 P-B4 BxNP! 19
Kottnauer' Cz 83-3 R-N3 B-KB4 20 R-B3 B-R4 21 P-N4
Geller USSR 75:0 B-B7 22 P-K6 PxP 23 QxP+ K-NI
Sliwa PL 75:0 24 R-Q3 BxXR/6 25 PxB BXxXN 26
Pilnik Arg SI
Or
CD
tt
ht
—t 67-9 Q-K5+ K-RI1 0-1

Ist Reserve Penrose (England) — Gilfer (Iceland)

Rossetto Arg 80-0
Scotch
Horne = . Eng 61-1
Boleslavsky* USSR © ND
O08
tS ON 87-5 1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 P-Q4
52 The Chess Olympiads
PxP 4 P-B3 P-Q4 5 KPxP QxP 6 Reshevsky (USA) -
PxP B-QN5+ 7 N-B3 B-N5 8 B-K2 Najdorf (Argentina)
0-0-0 9 0-0 Q-QR4 10 B-K3 N-B3 11
R-Bl Q-KB4 12 Q-R4 Q-QR4 13 King’s Indian
Q-Q1 P-QR3 14 P-OR3 B/QN5 XN 15 1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-KN3 3
PxB QxRP 16 Q-B2 Q-R4 17 R-R1 N-QB3 B-N2 4 P-K4 0-0 5 N-B3 P-Q3
Q-KB4 18 Q-N2 R-Q4 19 KR-NI 6 B-K2 P-K4 7 0-O QN-Q?2 8 R-KI
N-Q1 20 P-B4 R-Q3 21 P-Q5 BxN 22 R-K1 9 B-B1 P-B3 10 R-N1 PxP 11
BxB N-K1 23 K-R1 R-NI 24 Q-N4 NXP N-B4 12 P-B3 P-QR4 13 B-K3
P-KR4 25 R-Ql N-KB3 26 B-B5 N/3-Q2 14 Q-Q2 P-R5 15 N-B2 B-K4
N-N5 27 BXN PXxB 28 BXR PXB 29 16 B~-Q4 N-K3 17 B-B2 Q-B3 18 N-K2
QxQP QxBP 30 P-B5 Q-B3 31 O-N3 BXxNP 19 RXB QXR 20 N-B3 P-R6
Q-KN3 32 P-B6 PxP 33 RxP Q-B7 21 R-N1 N/2-B4 22 RxQ PxR 23
34 R-R8+ K-O2 35 PxP+ +K-K3 N-N4 N-R5 24 N-N1 B-Q2 25 N-Q3
36 Q-O6+ 1-0 P-QN4 26 PXP PxXP 27 NxP 1-0

Szabo (Hungary) - Keres (USSR) R. Byrne (USA) -

Bachmann (Switzerland)
Nimzo-Indian
French
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-K3 3 N-QB3
B-N5 4 P-K3 P-O4 5 P-OR3 B-K2 6 1 P-K4 P-K3 2 P-Q4 P-O4 3 N-QB3
N-B3 0-0 7 B-Q3 P-QN3 8 0-0 P-B4 B-N5 4 P-K5 P-QB4 5 P-OR3
9 P-ON3 N-B3 10 B-N2 BPxP 11 BxXN+ 6 PxB Q-B2 7 B-Q2 N-QB3 8
KP x P B-R3 12 R-BI R-B1 13 N-QNS! Q-N4 P-B4 9 Q-R5+ P-KN3 10 Q-R4
B-N2 14 R-K1 R-K1 15 N-B3 B-Bl 16 PxP 11 PxP B-Q2 12 N-B3 N-Ré4 13
N-K2 N-K5 17 N-N3 NXN 18 RPXN B-Q3 N-B5 14 0-0 NxB 15 NxN
PxP 19 PxP N-NI1(35) 20 P-Q5! B-B3 16 P-QB4! Q-Q1 17 Q-B4 N-K2
18 P-B5 K-B2 19 KR-N1 P-KR3 20
35 R-N3 Q-Q2 21 R/I-N1 K-N2 22 B-N5
Md, BxB 23 RXB QR-QNI 24 P-KR4
K-R2 25 N-B3 KR-NI1 26 Q-K3 R-N2
27 P-N3 N-B3 28 K-N2 N-Q1 29 Q-B3
R-B1 30 Q-N2 R-QB2 31 N-K1 Q-K2
32 N-Q3 P-N4 33 PxP PxP 34
R-KR1+ K-NI 35 Q-Q2 N-B3 36
Yy;7;7Z

Vea, 4

LU
N-Q2 21 PxP RXKP 22 RXR PXR
23 Q-B2! BxN 24 BXRP+ K-RI 25 EDEN
PxB R-B4 26 K-N2 R-KR4 27 B-N6 \
R-R3 28 R-Q] Q-N4 29 B-K8! N-K4
30 Q-K4 Q-K2 31 B-R4 N-B2 32 R-Q7
Q-B4 33 Rx N K-NI1 34 R-B4 B-Q3 35
R-R4 1-0 |
 Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952 53

N-N4 R-R2 37 NxN RXN(36) 38 R-Q2 26 Q-K4 Q-KR3 27 R-N2

RxP! QxR 39 QxP+ R-N2 40 1-0 :
Q-08+K-B2 41 R-R6! R-KN3 42
R-R7+R-N2 43 Q-KR8!! 1-0 Smyslov (USSR) -
Schmid (W. Germany)
Stoltz (Sweden) — Bronstein (USSR) Benoni

French 1 P-Q4 P-QB4 2 P-Q5 P-Q3 3 N-QB3

P-KN3 4 P-K4 B-N2 5 N-B3 N-KB3
1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 N-OB3 3 6 B-K2 0-0 7 0-0 N-R3 8 N-Q2 N-B2
P-B3 P-K3 4 P-Q4 P-Q4 5 P-K5 Q-N3 9 P-QR4 P-N3 10 N-B4 B-OR3 11
6 PxP BxP 7 Q-B2 Q-B2 8 Q-K2 B-B4 R-N1 12 P-QN3 N-Q2 13 Q-Q2
KN-K2 9 B-K3 BxB 10 QxB N-B4 P-B4 14 QR-Q1 PxP 15 NxXKP R-B4
11 Q-K2 0-0 12 N-R3 P-B3 13 N-ONS5 16 B-N4 RxP 17 B-K6+ NxB 18
Q-R4 14 PXP RxP 15 Q-Q2 P-OR3 QxR N/2-Bl 19 N-N5 B-N2 20 NxN
16 N/5-Q4 N/4XN 17 PXNOxQ+ 18 Q-Bl 21NxOPPxN22QxQPQxN
KxQ B-Q2 19 B-Q3 B-K1 20 K-K3 23 QxQ+ 1-0
B-R4 21 N-K5 NxN 22 PxN P-Q5+
23 KxP RxP 24 B-K4 R-Ql+ 25 Reshevsky (USA) -
K-B5 RxQNP 26 KR-ON1 R-QB1-+ Tarnowski (Poland)
27 K-Q6 R-Q7+ 0-1
Semi-Slav

Stahlberg (Sweden) — Szabo (Hungary) 1 P-Q4 P-Q4 2 P-QB4 P-QB3 3 N-KB3

N-B3 4 N-B3 P-K3 5 P-K3 QN-Q2 6
Semi-Tarrasch B-Q3 B-Q3 7 0-0 0-0 8 P-K4 PxBP 9
BxP P-K4 10 B-KN5 Q-K2 11 R-KI1
1 N-KB3 N-KB3 2 P-B4 P-K3 3 N-B3 P-QR3 12 K-R1 R-K1 13 B-N3 P-R3
P-Q4 4 P-Q4 P-B4! 5 BPxP NxP 6 14 B-KR4 P-QN4 15 Q-Q2 B-N2 16
P-K3 N-QB3 7 B-B4 Px P8PXPNXN PxP N/2xP 17 N-Q4 B-B2 18 N-B5
9 PxN B-K2 10 0-0 0-0 11 Q-K2 Q-Q2 19 Q-K2 B-Q1 20 QR-Q1 Q-B2
P-ON3 12 R-Q1] N-R4 13 B-Q3 B-N2 21 N-Q6 R-KBI1 22 B-N3 N/3-Q2 23
14 B-KB4 0-04 15 QR-N1 B-QB3 16 Q-R5 B-B3 24NxBPRxXN25QxR+
B-K5 B-OR5(37) 17 P-B4! Q-Q2 18 NxQ 26 BxQ N-B4 27 BXN+ KxB
ANU 28 B-N6B x N 29 P x BN-R5 30 R-Q7+
1-0

Smyslov (USSR) -— Barcza (Hungary)

Ruy Lopez
1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 B-N5
B-B4 4 P-B3 N-B3 5 P-Q4 PxP 6
P-K5 N-O4 7 0-0 0-0 8 PxP B-N3 9
B-QB4 N/3-K2 10 B-KN5 Q-K1 11
Q-N3 P-QB3 12 QN-Q2 P-KR3 13
B/5xN NxB 14 N-K4 P-O4 15 Px Pep
R-Q2 N-B3 19 P-Q5! NxB 20 NxN N-B4 16 KR-K1 Q-QI 17 N-K5
Q-Q3 21 P-B5! NPxP 22 NxP! RXN NxP/3 18BNxNQXN19BxP+RxB
23 Px PK-B1 24 PxR R-Q1 25 R-K1 20 QxR-+ K-R2 21 N-B4 1-0
54 The Chess Olympiads

11 Olympiad, Amsterdam
September 4-25, 1954
The absence of the American team was a real surprise. The Soviet team
was a real show of chess power, for it fielded an even stronger team
than in Helsinki. This time, world champion Mikhail Botvinnik also
took part and scored 6 wins and 5 draws on top board, without a
single defeat. Also undefeated were Smyslov 9/12, Bronstein 103/14
and Keres 134/14, while Geller (5/7) lost one and Kotov (4/6) two
games.
Twenty-six teams took part and were divided into four groups in the
preliminary rounds. The top three from each group qualified for Final
Group A, and the rest for Consolation Group B.
The greatest surprise of the preliminaries, and of the entire Olym-
piad, was the Saar’s victory against Yugoslavia. England also scored a
surprising victory against Hungary, enabling them to qualify for Final
Group A. Nor did the Finals escape surprise. The Netherlands defeated
West Germany by 34-4, England defeated Israel by the same score but
lost disastrously to the Soviet Union (only Alexander drew against
Botvinnik) and Yugoslavia. Fuderer repeated his Helsinki victory over
Geller. |
The Soviet team scored a clear victory. The only surprise it offered
was its draw with Israel. Keres scored 134 points (96:39) out of 14
games! This was the best result of the Olympiad. The ‘King of the
Draw’ was the Belgian Dunkelblum.
The dramatic contest between Argentina and Yugoslavia for second
place was again decided in the final round.

Preliminaries

Section 1 ] 2 3 4 5 6.4:
1 USSR X oat Shugee 9 4 4 164
2 Holland 2 KO 2 eee 3. 24 13
3 Iceland & —sAW . Ce Oe 1]
4 Austria ] l Mrs Bese 94
5 Finland 0 ] $ 1 x CiSe 54
6 Greece O 1 #14 $4 ] x 44
 Olympiad, Amsterdam, 1954 55

Section 2
1 Argentina 3 4 14
2 Bulgaria 23 33 33 134
3 Czechoslovakia 23 3 4 134
4 Canada . 23 33 10
5 Italy 1} 34 73
6 Ireland x 13
Section 3
1 Israel 16
2 Yugoslavia 14
3 Sweden 14
4 Denmark 114
5 Norway 11
6 France 93
7 Saar p
now
Px
FX
oe
OF
NNO 8
Section 4
1 Hungary
2 W. Germany
3 England
4 Switzerland
5 Colombia
6 Belgium
7 Luxembourg woo
JP
xX
58Om PRAY
AX
DP
oh

Final A
1 USSR
2 Argentina
3 Yugoslavia oe
4 Czechoslovakia
5 W. Germany
6 Hungary
7 Israel
8 Holland
9 England
10 Bulgaria
11 Sweden eRag
ag
OEX
Om
‘12 Iceland be
ee
Re
OP
oe
OX
Ne
— Ree
veda
Fee
xHN ep
09
NX
OO OD Rex
OX
HK
GN eRe
Ne
owns
MmMNONN
NN o
neX 1}
2S
ol
wom
Neg
56 The Chess Olympiads
Final B 13 14,15 .16: 17 as
19.20. 21 (22.23 24 *2aesee
13 Switzerland As Diva Bhoe2 iS 34
24 24.63 2 4.1.34. Sess
14 Canada Fa iit eayiiek 4 oe
2.24 3h: Ss B45 2 ee
15 Austria Pb gex YS, S53 2 3 24 3 3. 3), S¥eRe"Se
16 Denmark a 2 Bee Me 2 Be3 34 3 2 3k 34 4 34 343
17 Italy hd Yolo: Bio. Ko 12 3,14 #1 .2 3k 3h Myn787928)
18Colombia $4 4 1 24 2 xX 2 24 1 34 3 24 24 4 273
19 Belgium SEU AFA ND WBA: Sy eS ee | ae Pree Mate!eh EP
20 Finland 14 14 1 $ 2 13 24. xX 2 ° 2 2e it 2 2 ee
21 France LOO Pea Daag Hrs Leg 2 Serle eS $e2a ae ao
22 Saar le cl) Cb Bia? SF 1g 26T1 ©x 16 2h A eee
23 Norway Ord Ploilodbttive-e@l 2, 14.245 3... 2b » 4 &By_122
24 Greece 3, 2Zrot bb 4 old 2. Zee 14 14 xh 372)1
25 Ireland ; Re Goat UNE tea 14 O 14 0 O 2 x 24 11
26Luxembourg$¢ 0O O 4 1 =O ee ee Oe ee eee

Individual Results Board 4

Keres USSR 13 1 0 13} 96-4
Board I Bhend CH 92210 76-9
Botvinnik USSR 650 84 77:3 Scafarelli I 971 124 73-5
Kupper CH 84210 71-4 Aloni IL 95 3 114 67:6
Larsen Dk 11 5 3 134 71:1
Najdorf Arg 771 10$ 70-0
Ist Reserve
Unzicker BRD 77 2 104 65-6
Fuderer a4 651 84 70-8
Robatsch A 9 3 4 104 65-6
Bobotsov BG 542 7 63-6
Pachman Cz 591 9} 63:3
Geller* USSR 421 5 71-4
Benkner Saar 84410 62:5
O’Kelly B 673 9} 59-4
2nd Reserve
Pirc wf 391 74 57:7
Burstein F 650 8} 77-2
Euwe NL 472 74 57-7
Walther CH 832 94 73-1
Matanovié ve 531 63 72:2
Board 2
Anderson CDN 1322 14 82:4 Unzicker (W. Germany) -
Jul. Bolbochan Arg 87 0 114 76:7 Botvinnik (USSR)
Smyslov USSR 660 9 75-0
Filip Cz 7 7 1 104 70:0 French
Vestoel N 76210 66:7
Beni A 85 3 10% 65-6
1 P-K4 P-K3 2 P-Q4 P-Q4 3 N-QB3
B-N5 4 P-K5 P-QB4 5 P-OR3 B-R4
6 P-QN4 Px QP 7 Q-N4 K-B1 8 PxB
Board 3 PxN 9 N-B3 N-K2 10 B-Q3 N-Q2 11
Barcza H 10 5 1 12% 78-1 Q-N4 Q-B2 12 0-0 N-QB4 13 OxBP
Bronstein USSR 7 7 0 104 75-0 B-Q2 14 P-OR4 R-B1 15 B-R3 NxB
P. Nielsen Dk 10 3 3 113 71-9 16 QxQ RxQ 17 PxN P-B3 18
Oren IL 732 84 708 KR-Bl RxR+ 19 RxR K-B2 20
Nievergelt CH 804 8 66-7 R-B7 R-Ql 21 BxN KxB 22 RxP
 Olympiad, Amsterdam, 1954 57
K-N2 R-QR4 70 K-N3 R-KN¢4 71
N K-R4 R-N1 72 K-R5 P-N6 4-4

Stahlberg (Sweden) —
Pachman (Czechoslovakia)

Slav

ile
Brey
a
1 P-Q4 P-Q4 2 P-QB4 P-QB3 3
N-KB3 N-B3 4 N-B3 PxP 5 P-QR4
B-B4 6 P-K3 P-K3 7 Bx P B-ON5 8 0-0
QN-Q2 9 Q-K2 0-0 10 P-K4 B-N3 11
B-Q3 P-KR3 12 B-KB4! Q-K2 13
R-QB1(38) 23 K-BI (23 P-N4!)
N-R2 B-QR4 14 P-QN4 B-QI1 15
23... P-QR3 24 R-R7 R-B7 25 RxP QR-N1 R-Bl 16 N-K5 B-R2 17
R-R7 26 R-R7 RXRP 27 K-K2 P-Q5 N-—B4 B-B2 18 BxB RxB 19 N-B3
28 N-Q2 R-R7 29 K-Q1 K-QI1 30 N-N3! 20 NxN PXN 21 P-K5 N-O4
PxP PxP 31 N-K4 B-B3 32 N-B5
22 BxB+ KxB 23 NxN BPXN 24
B-Q4 33 P-R6 R-R8+ 34 K-B2 R-R6
Q-N5 R-B3 25 P-N3 Q-B2 26 P-R5(40)
35 K-N2 R-R7+ 36 K-N1 R-R4 37
N-N7+ BxN 38 PxB R-QN4+ 39
K-B2 K-B2 40 P-N8=Q+ KxQ 41
RxP K-Bl 42 R-K7 R-K4 43 K-Q2
K-Ql 44 R-KB7 R-KB4 45 K-K2
K-K1 46 R-QR7 R-K4+ 47 K-Bl
R-QN4 48 P-R4 P-B4 49 P-N3 K-BI
50 R-Q7 P-K4 51 K-N2 K-N1 52 P-R5
R-R4 53 P-R6 R-N4 54 R-KN7+
K-R1 55 R-K7 R-R4 56 K-B3 “ye ve

a‘. 2
a 26... K-NI1!! 27 PXP RxP 28 Q-R5
R-B3 29 QxQ RxQ 30 KR-QI1 R-B5
31 R-R1 R/I-Bl 32 R/QI-N1 RxQP
33 R-R7 R-NI 34 P-N5 R-K5 35
R-QBI P-Q5 36 R-QI Rx P37 RXQP
RxP 38 R-Q7 P-N4 39 K-N2 P-R4
40 R-R4 K-N2 41 P-R4 P-N5 42 R-R7
K-N3 43 R-B7 R-N7 44 R-K7 R-N4
0-1
R-OQ4(39) 57 P-N4 P-K5+ 58 QPxP
Keres (USSR) -
PxNP+ 59 K-K2! P-Q6+ 60 K-Q2
Sajtar (Czechoslovakia)
R-Q5 61 R-K8+? (61 P-K5! was the
last chance to win) 61... K—R2 62 R-K6 Sicilian
R-R5! 63 KxP R-R6+ 64 K-K2
R-KB6 65 P-K5 R-B4 66 K-K1 R-B5 1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 P-Q3 3 P-Q4
67 R-KB6 R-K5-+! 68 K-Bl RxP 69 PxP 4NxP N-KB3 5 N-QB3 P-QR3
58 The Chess Olympiads
6 B-KN5 QN-Q2 7 B-QB4 P-K3 8 0-0 27 BXN PXB 28 R-B5! RXR 29 PxXR
Q-B2 9 BxXKP! PxB 10 NXP Q-B5 R-KB1 30 P-N4 P-N3 31 R-Q6 R-B3
11 N-Q5 K-B2(4/) 12 BXN KXN 13 32 RxXRKxXR33 K-Q2 N-N3 34 PXN
RPxP 35 Px P PxP 36 P-B4! PxB 37
ae
YY
esa. P-B5 P-N4 38 PxP P-KN5 39 K-K3
K-N4 40 K-K4 K x P41 K x P K-R5 42
K-B6 K-R4 43 P-QR3! 1-0

I. R. Johannsson (Iceland) —
Z. Nilsson (Sweden)
Semi-Slav

1 P-Q4 P-Q4 2 P-OB4 P-K3 3 N-KB3

P-QB3 4 N-B3 N-B3 5 P-K3 QN-Q2
6 B-Q3 PxP 7 BXBP P-QN4 8 B-O3
B-B3 N-B3 14 BxN PxB 15 N-N6
B-N2 9 P-K4 P-N5 10 P-K5 PxN Il
Q-B3 16 NxR B-K2 17 P-QR4 P-N3
PxN BPxP 12 PxP PxR=Q 13
18 Q-Q5+ K-Q2 19 R-R3 B-Q1 20
PxR=Q Q-R4+ 14 N-Q2(43) 14.
NxP-+! 1-0

Prins (Holland) — Kotov (USSR)

Old Indian

1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-Q3 3

N-QB3 P-K4 4 PxXxP PxP 5 QxQ+
K xQ 6 B-N5 B-K2 7 N-B3 QN-Q2 8
B-R4 P-B3 9 0-0-0 N-N5 10 B-N3
P-B3 11 N-KR4 N-R3 12 P-K4 B-N5
13 B-K2 K-K2 14 P-B4 PxP 15 BxP
P-KN4 16 B-K3 N-K4 17 N-B3 N/3-
Q/4-B6 15 K-K2 N-B4! 16 QxPNxB
N518B-N1 matt 19 N-Q4!BxN20
17 OXN QxQ+ 18 KxQ B-QR3+
42 19 K-B2 QxRP+ 20 B-N2 R-NI1 21
Q-RI RxB+ 22 QxR B-Q6+ 23
K-B3 B-N5+! 0-1

Szabo (Hungary) -—
Unzicker (W. Germany)
Semi-Tarrasch

1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-K3 3

N-KB3 P-Q4 4 N-B3 P-B4 5 BPxP
NxP 6 P-K3 N-QB3 7 B-O3 PxP
8 Px PB-K2 9 0-0 0-0 10 R-K1 N-B3
PxB N-R3 21 NxB KxN 22 P-B5 11 P-QR3 P-QN3 12 B-KN5 B-N2 13
KR-Q1 23 B-Q4 N/3-B2 24 KR-Bl B-B2 B-R3 14 Q-Q2 R-BI 15 Q-B4
K-K2 25 R-B2 R-KBI 26 B-R5 N-RI1 R-K1 16 QR-Q1 P-R3 17 BXN! BxB
 Olympiad, Amsterdam, 1954 59
18 P-Q5 PxP 19 RxR+ QxR 20 11 N-Q2 R-NI 12 P-RS P-QN4 13
Q-B5 BXN 21 Q-R7+ K-BI 22 PxB Px Pep N x NP 14 P-K4 R-K1 15 R-K1
N-K4(44) 23 N-Q4! N-N3 24 P-KR4 Q-K2 16. N-Bl N-B5 17 Q-K2 N-K4
18 P-R3 P-B5 19 B-K3 N-Q6 20
KR-N1 N-Q2 21 N-QI1 N/2-B4 22
-N-Q2 N-N6 23 R-R4 NXN 24QXN/2
NxNP! 25 NxN P-B6 26 Q-B2 PxN
27 B-Q4 B-Q2 28 R-B4 BxB 29 RXB
Q-K4 30 Q-Q2 P-QR4 31 RxPRxR
32 QxR P-R5! 33 R-Q2 QxQ 34
R XQ R-QBI! 35 R-N7 R-R1 36 R-N2
P-B4! 37 Px PP-R6 38 R-R2 Bx P 39
B-B1 B-K5 40 B-B4 R-QBI 41 B-Bl
R-B6 42 B-N2 B-N8 43 R-R1 P-R7 44
P-B4 RxP 45 K-B2 R-N6 46 B-Bl
K-N2 47 P-R4 K-B3 48 B-B4 R-N5 0-1
P-R4 25 B-B5! Rx P 26 N-K6+ PXN
27 BXN Q-B3 28 Q-R8-+ K-K2 29
QxNP+ K-Q3 30 R-K1 B-B1 31 BxP Agustsson (Iceland) —
Q-B4 32 B-N4 R-B7 33 Q-B6 K-B3 34 Barcza (Hungary)
P-R5! R-B8 35RxRQxR+ 36 K-R2 Sicilian
Qx P 37 P-R6 Q-03+ 38 P-B4 1-0
1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-QB3 N-QB3 3
Botvinnik (USSR) -— T. Salo (Finland) P-KN3 P-KN3 4 B-N2 B-N2 5 P-Q3
King’s Indian : P-Q3 6 B-K3 N-B3! 7 P-KR3 R-QNI1
8 Q-Q2 P-QN4 9 B-R6 0-0 10 BxB
1 N-KB3 N-KB3 2 P-B4 P-KN3 3 K xB 11 KN-N2 N-Q5 12 P-B4 P-N5
P-OQ4 B-N2 4 P-KN3 0-0 5 B-N2 P-Q3 13 N-Q1 P-K4 14 0-0 N-R4 15 K-R2
‘6 N-B3 QN-Q2 7 0-0 P-K4 8 P-K4 NxXN 16QXN PXP17 PxXPQ-R5 18
P-OR4 9 B-K3 R-K1 10 P-KR3 PxP Q-B2;Q0xQ 19 RxQ P-B4 20 P-K5
11 Nx P N-B4 12 Q-B2 P-B3 13 N-N3 PxP 21 PxP R-K1 22 B-B3 RxP! 23
B-K3 14NxNPXxN15BxPBxBP 16 BxXN PxB 24 P-R3 P-N6! 25 PxP
KR-Q1 Q-NI1 17 N-R4 B-K3 18 N-N6 R-K8 26 R-Q 2P-R5 27 P-Q4 Px P 28
R-R3 19 P-B4 B-KB1 20 B-B2 Q-B? 21 R-Bl1 B-N2 29 R-B7+ K-B3 30 N-B2
N-R4 P-QN4 22 N-B5 R/3-R1 23 B-R1I 31 RxXKRP R-NI1 32 R-R6+
P-OR4 P-N5 24 NXB RXN 25 P-K5 K-K2 (45) 0-1
N-K1 26 QR-BI R-B1 27 R-Q3 N-N2
28 Q-Q1 Q-N2 29 R-Q7 Q-R3 30
R-R7 1-0
Donner (Holland) -
Filip (Czechoslovakia)
Benoni

1 P-QB4 N-KB3 2 P-Q4 P-K3 3 P-KN3

P-B4 4 P-Q5 PxP 5 PxP P-Q3 6
N-QB3 P-KN3 7 N-B3 B-N2 8 B-N2
0-0 9 0-0 P-QR3 10 P-QR4 QN-Q2
60 The Chess Olympiads

12 Olympiad, Moscow
August 31—-September 24, 1956
A record of 34 teams came to the Olympiad in the Soviet capital. Once
again the United States was absent. India, Iran, Mongolia, the
Philippines and Puerto Rico made their début at the Olympiad. Once
again the preliminaries were divided into four groups. The Soviet
Union, Bulgaria, and, to everyone’s surprise, Switzerland, qualified
from the first group for Final Group A, while Poland and Sweden
dropped out. Yugoslavia, Israel and Denmark (thanks to Larsen!)
qualified in the second group and the strong Dutch team dropped out.
In the third preliminary group, Argentina, West Germany and Eng-
land (who created a sensation by defeating the Argentinian team)
qualified, and the closest contest was in the fourth group in which
Hungary, Romania and Czechoslovakia qualified and East Germany
dropped out.
Hungary’s victory over the Soviet Union in the fourth round of the
Finals created a real sensation. Barcza defeated Smyslov, while the
other games were drawn.
Once again the Soviet Union proved its superiority. The match
between Yugoslavia and Hungary in the last round decided the silver
and bronze medal winners. It ended in a tie, giving both teams the
same number of points in the final tally. Yugoslavia took second place
because they had more match points.
Once again world champion Botvinnik played for the Soviets and
remained undefeated (six wins and seven draws). Smyslov scored 84/13,
Keres 94/12, Bronstein 11/12, Tlaimanov 84/11 and Geller 74/10. The
best at top board was ‘unknown’ Bent Larsen, who scored a grand-
master result! England recorded her best result at the Olympiads since
World War II. Keres scored the highest number of wins 13. Dunkel-
blum remained the ‘King of the Draw’ with 12 draws out of 18.
 Olympiad, Moscow, 1956 61

Preliminaries
Section I
1 USSR 234
2 Bulgaria iS)Bo
bole 194
3 Switzerland 18
4 Poland 15
5 Sweden
6 Norway
7 Puerto Rico
8 Saar
Section 2
1 Yugoslavia
2 Israel
3 Denmark
4 Holland
5 Austria
6 France
7 Mongolia
8 Scotland
Section 3
1 Argentina
2 W. Germany
3 England nN
4 Iceland
5 Chile
6 Finland we
SMM
gee
XK
OM
Qe
NN
Xrere
©9
etMy
OOO
NO
©—

7 India 23
8 Luxembourg
9 Ireland
Section 4
1 Hungary
2 Romania
3 Czechoslovakia XN
Se
xXx
xX
Pw
TNE
On
COR
HOOF
Oe
eee
Om
nx
4 E. Germany
5 Colombia POR
oo
yee
xX
GQ
NT
ROR
OG
ee
OR
SO
BX
OR
RO
OR
NO
X
6 Belgium 6
oo
NO
KD
©9
NON
©—
:

7 Philippines HO
m—

8 Greece Ne)
aa
NS
No)
oo
Ww
KO
a
—
i

9 Iran XK
DONNY
xX
ge
NS
BMH
OOO
OMe
Ht Oo
Py
I
EN
xX
KNOX
Om
ee
OF me
tk
YToxXx
KF
xX
LE XN
mse
OD
ye
eee
NE
CKRONZTNXNNO
oe
HH w NX O&O
mOxXxnDPn
GOW
HOF
ONNNX
Or
COR
nnn
Ne DM
wa
qa
OX
sop
gy
NY
><
die
be
pgp
oS
HE
OF
pops
C2
FPN
Of
X
OM
SM
K
BD
Omo
©rp tole
poet
OX HK
BE
OP
nope
nop
po
09
Page
Pre
rp
pop
CO
gn
wo
poe
XK
PPO
BO
OP
OO
9ge
OX
62 The Chess Olympiads
Finals

Final A LY 2? 304
1 USSR x 24 14 23
2 Yugoslavia lh xO 2p 2
3 Hungary 24 2. xX lt
4 Argentina le a) ee oe
5 W. Germany Pgs 2°24
6 Bulgaria Izy 1 2 23
7 Czechoslovakia 4 141 1
8 England O 1k 2,14
9 Switzerland RTS PETER RR
10 Denmark ;ie Sere 5 ees |
11 Romania 142 «14 24h
12 Israel 13, 14 0 4 KIS
NM
ge
te
Nw
Se
wo
Final B 13 14 15 16
13 Austria ~ "2S CA 2
14 Iceland Per oe 2 Slt
15 Sweden 4 Brox o2t
16 Belgium 2: 24 lta X
17 Finland TS PE ERAS |
18 Colombia Pe Lee Toe
19 Holland 4 1 I$ 38
20 E. Germany 1 3 23. 23
21 France Tosa] tbe Ne) —"©
bop
22 Chile 1 i$ 24 #1
23 Poland Izy 1-2-1
24 Norway 4 24.23 14 FS
xX
one
NBon
goage
09
qe
OO
DN
X0 komt
pe
Xon

Final C 25026
25 Philippines x If
26 Saar 24 x
27 India 24 2
28 Iran 4 1 NO xX —ie)

29 Puerto Rico 1A 2
30 Mongolia 13} 2
31 Scotland 2 If
32 Greece lerl ee
ge
AOO
Ne
33 Ireland 1 1h —

34 Luxembourg 0 O —_
NO
nN
— Bros
Rows
xwo X oo
oO

Individual Results

Board 1 Stahlberg
Larsen Dk 6114 778 Szabo
Botvinnik USSR 6 70 94 73-1 O’Kelly
Olafsson Is #3943 T22 Ojanen De
DD ©
ono
 Olympiad, Moscow, 1956 63
Najdorf Arg 512111 61-1 23 N-K2 R-N2 24 N-K3 R/I-KNI 25
Unzicker BRD 610211 61:1 Q-Q2 N-R4 26 K-R2?(46) 26 .
Fairhurst Scot 7 34 84 60-7
Gligorié Y 6 73 94 59-4
Blase ne / 29
Board 2
Dickstein A 11 42 13...76°5
‘te nt t
Matanovi¢é Y 7 90 114 71-9
Barcza H ene ee a caeA)
Smyslov USSR 5 71 84 65:4
L. Sanchez Col 7:10 2 124 63-2
Penrose Eng 6 8210 62:5
Board 3
Keres USSR 7 50 9 79-2
Ivkov _ Y 9 6112 75-0
Moller IS 7. 8.1 11 1°68-7 NxNP!27BxNRXB28NXRBX P29
Benko H 6 8110 668 K-R1 BxN/N6 30 R-KNI P-B5. 31
Bouwmeester NL 512011 64-7 N-B1 B-R5 32 N-R2 P-B6 33 B-Bl
RxXR+ 34 KxXR Q-N3+ 35 K-R1
Board 4 B-N4 36 Q-N4 BR 37 QXNB-K6 38
Bronstein USSR 9 4011 84-6 N-N4 Bx P! 0-1
Cardoso PI ll 4213 765
Tringov BG 7 41 9 75-0 Dickstein (Austria) —
Thorbergsson IS 6 61 9 69-2 H. Kramer (Holland)
Pilnik Arg 7 33 8} 65-4
Caro Kann
Ist Reserve
Sanguinetti Arg 7 40 9 818 1 P-K4 P-QB3 2 P-Q4 P-Q4 3 N-QB3
Clarke Eng 7 50 9} 79-2 PxP 4NxP N-Q2 5 B-QB4 KN-B3
Taimanov USSR 6 50 8} 77-2 6 N-N5 N-Q4 7 Q-R5 P-KN3 8 Q-K2
B-N2 9 N/1-B3 0-0. 10 0-0 P-KR3 11
2nd Reserve N-K4 Q-B2 12 B-N3 P-N3 13 P-B4
Geller USSR 7.12 7%} 75:0 B-R3 14 R-K1 KR-K1 15 Q-B2 N-B5
Djurasevi¢* Y 420 5 83:3 16 B-K3 P-QB4 17 Q-Q2 P-KN4 18
Portisch* H 4 40 6 75-0 P-KR4 BPxP 19 NxQP N-B4 20
NXN PXN 21 N-B5 QR-QOl 22 BXN
Wexler (Argentina) — PxXB 23 Q-K2 P-K3 24 B-R4! R-KB1
J. Enevoldsen (Denmark) 25 NXB KXN 26 Q-N4+ K-R2 27
B-B2-+ K-R1 28 Q-R5 K-N2 29 R-K5!
King’s Indian R-KNI 30 R/I-K1 R-Q7 31 RxXKP!
1 N-KB3 N-KB3 2 P-KN3 P-Q3 3 PxXR32RxXPR-QBI 1-0 (33 QxRP+
P-Q4 QN-Q2 4 P-B4 P-K5 5 N-B3 mates)
P-B3 6 P-K4 P-KN3 7 B-N2 B-N2 8
0-0 0-0 9 P-KR3 N-K1 10 B-K3 Q-K2 Larsen (Denmark) —
11 R-K1 P-KB4! 12 KPxP NPxP 13 Gligorié (Yugoslavia)
B-B4 P-K5 14 N-Q2 Q-B2 15 B-K3
Sicilian
N/2-B3 16 P-B3 P-Q4 17 Px QP BPxP
18 P-B4 B-K3 19 R-QB1 K-R1 20 N-B1 1 N-KB3 P-QB4 2 P-K4 P-Q3 3 P-Q4
R-KNI 2] B-B2 N-Q3 22 P-N3 B-R3 PxP 4NxP N-KB3 5 N-QB3 P-QR3
64 The Chess Olympiads

6 B-K2 P-K4 7 N-N3 B-K2 8 0-0 0-0 P-QR4 27 P-B4 K-Bl 28 P-B5 K-K2
9 B-KN5 QN-Q2 10 P-QR4 P-QN3 11 29 K-B3 R-N6+ 30 K-Q4 RxXRPO-1 .
B-QB4 B-N2 12 Q-K2 Q-B2 13 KR-Q1
KR-B1 14 N-Q2 P-R3 15 BxN NxB Ivkov (Yugoslavia) —
16 B-N3 B-B3 17 N-B4 NxP 18 NxN Ingerslev (Denmark)
P-Q4 19 P-R5! Px N/B5 20 Q x P R-B1
Sicilian
21 PxP QxP 22 N-Q6 B-QN4 23
NXB PXN 24 Q-Q5 RxR 25 RXR 1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 P-Q4
B-B4? 26 R-R8! BxP+? (26... PxP 4 NxP N-B3 5 N-QB3 P-Q3 6
RXR-+) 27 K-B1 Q-KB3 28 Q x BP+! B-KN5 P-K3 7 Q-Q2 P-QR3 8 0-0-0
QxQ 29 BxQ+ KxB 30 RxR+ P-R3 9 B~-KB4 B-Q2 10 N-N3 P-K4 11
K XR 31 KxXB K-K2 32 K-K3 K-Q3 B-K3 P-QN4 12 P-B3 Q-B2 13 N-Q5!
33 K-K4 P-N5 34 P-B3 P-N6 35 P-B4 NXN 14 PxN N-QI1 15 B-Q3 P-QR4
P-N3 36 P-N4 P-R4 37 Px P Px P(47) 16 KR-K1 B-K2(48) 17 N-Q4! P-N5

47
WI aoe 48
Y Y
y

Ay n= on ;

y p Y GY

38 P-R4 K-B3 39 K x P K-B4 40 K-B5! 18 N-B5 B-KB3 19 P-KB4 K-Bl 20

K-Q5 41 K-B4 K-B4 42 K-K5 KxP PxP PxP 21 R-Bl BXN 22 RxB
43 K-K4 K-B4 44 K-Q3 K-Q4 45 N-N2 23 Q-B2 Q-K2 24 B-K4 (24
K-B3 K-K5 46 K x P K-B4 47 K-B3 1-0 P-Q6!) 24... N-Q3 25 B-B5 R-B1 26
BxN QxB 27 Q-R7 Q-B2 28 Q-R6
B-N4+ 29 K-N1 Q-B5 30 Q-Q6+
Diickstein (Austria) ~
K-N1 31 QxKP P-R5 32 RxP!!
Matanovié (Yugoslavia)
KxR 33 Q-K6+ K-BI 34 B-N6 Q-B2
Sicilian 35 R-K1 1-0
1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 P-Q3 3 P-Q4 Bronstein (USSR) ~ Rojahn (Norway)
PxP 4NxP N-KB3 5 N-QB3 P-OR3 Two Knights
6 B-KN5 P-K3 7 P-B4 B-K2 8 Q-B3
Q-B2 9 0-0-0 0-0 10 B-Q3 N-B3 1 P-K4 P_K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 B-B4
11 NxN PxN 12 KR-K1 P-K4 13 N-B3 4 N-N5 P-O4 5 PxP N-OR4 6
P-B5 B-N2 14 B-QB4 QR-Q1 15 P-Q3 P-KR3 7 N-KB3 P-K5 8 PxP
P-KN4 P-R3 16 B-R4 P-Q4! 17 BXN NxXB 9 Q-O4 N-N3 10 P-B4 P-B4 11
BxB 18 PxP PxP 19 BXQP P-K5! Q-Q3 B-N5 12 QN-Q2 B-K2 13 0-00-0
20 BxKP BxN 21 RXR RxR 22 14 N-K5 B-R4 15 P-QN3 N/B3-Q2 16
QxB QxQ 23 PxQ R-K1 24 BxB B-N2 NxN 17 BxN N-Q2 18 B-B3
RxR+ 25 K-Q2 R-KN8 26 P-KR3 B-B3 19 QR-K! BxB 20 Q xB Q-B3?
 Olympiad, Moscow, 1956 65
21 P-K5! Q-B4 22 P-B4 B-N3 23 N-K4 Q-B3 QxQ+ 26 KxQ B-B3 27 BXB
QR-N1 24 Q-B3 B-R2 25 P-KN4 PxB 28 K-K3 R-Q4 29 P-ON4 K-N2
Q-N3 26 P-B5 Q-N3 27 Q-N3 P-B3 28 30 P-QR4 P-K4 31 P-N5 R-Q8 32
P-K6 N-K4(#9) 29 P-KR4! K-R1 30 R-B7 P-R3 33 PxP R-Q5 34 P-R7
RXP 35 K-Q3 P-B4 36 K-B3 K-B3
37 K-N3 R-R8 38 K-N4 K-N4 39
K-N5 K-R4 40 K-N6 1-0
Larsen (Denmark) -—
Fairhurst (Scotland)

Barcza

1 N-KB3 P-Q4 2 P-KN3 P-OQB4 3 B-N2

Oy
> “Wt

N-KB3 4 0-0 P-KN3 5 P-O4 PxP 6

NxP B-N2 7 N-N3 N-B3 8 N-B3
Z 2
YL,

P-K3 9 B-B4 P-K4!? 10 B-N5 P-O5

P-N5 ag 31K-R1OBI 32 P-N6 11 N-K4 P-KR3 12 BxN BxB 13
BXP 33 PxB P-Né4 34 P-O6 Q-N3 35 NxB+t QxN 14 Q-Q2 B-B4 15
P-O7. NxQP 36 PxN QR-QI1 37 P-QB3 PxP 16 QxBP 0-0 17 QR-B1
NxKBP! Q-B3+ 38 Q-N2 QxQ+ QR-Bl 18 Q-K3 K-N2 19 KR-QI
39 KxQ 1-0 P-K5! 20 R-B3 R/QBI-Q1 21 RxR
RXR 22 P-KR3 N-N5 23 QxQRP
Barcza (Hungary) - Smyslov (USSR) R-O8+ 24 K-R2 N-Q4 25 R-B4 P-N3
Réti
26 O-R4 B-Q?2! 0-1
1 N-KB3 N-KB3 2 P-KN3 P-Q4 3 Milner-Barry (England) -
B-N2 B-B4 4 P-B4 P-B3 5 PxP PxP Hanninen (Finland)
6 Q-N3 Q-BI 7 N-B3 P-K3 8 P-Q3
N-B3 9 B-B4 B-K2 10 0-0 0-0 11 Vienna
OR-B1 Q-O2 12 P-K4! PxP 13 PxP 1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-QB3 N-KB3 3 P-B4
NxP 14NxXNBXN15 N-K5 NXN 16 P-04 4 BPXP NxP 5 P-Q3 NXN 6
BxB N-B3 17 KR-Q! Q-BI 18 Q-R4 PxN P-Q5 7 N-B3 P-QB4 8 B-K2
R-Q1 19RXR+ QxR20BxXNPxB B-K2 9 0-0 0-0 10 Q-K1 P-B3 ll
21 OxBP P-KR3(50) 22 B-K5 B-N4 Q-N3 BPx P 12 B-R6 B-B3 13 Nx KP!
BXN 14 QxB R-B3 15 BXP R-K3 16
Q-R5 Q-K2 17 B-R6 N-OQ2 18 B-N4
R-K4 19 Q-R3 N-N3 20 R-B8+ QOxR
21 BxQ KxB 22 OxP 1-0
Dworzynski (Poland) - Keres (USSR)

Ruy Lopez

1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 B-N5

P-QR3 4 B-R4 P-Q3 5 P-Q4 P-QN4 6
B-N3 NxP 7 NxN PXN 8 QxP?
P-QB4 9 Q-Q5 B-K3 10 Q-B6+ B-Q2
23 R-B4 Q-Q8+ 24 K-N2 R-QI 25. 11 Q-Q5 P-B5 0-1
66 The Chess Olympiads

Barda (Norway) — Keller (Switzerland) NxP 14NxXNQxXN 15 P-K4 P-B5! 16

Nimzo-Indian
BxP N-N5! 17 P-N3) Q-KR4 18
P-KR4 N-K4 19 B-K2 N-B6+ 20
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-K3 3 K-N2 B-N5 21 R-R1 P-B4 22 B-KB4
N-QB3 B-N5 4 P-K3 P-B4 5 B-Q3 PxP23QxPQR-K1 24B-B4+ K-R1
P-Q4 6 N-B3 0-0 7 0-0 N-B3 8 P-OR3 25 QxNP RxB 26 PxR B-B4! 27
BxN9PxBQPxP 10 BXBP Q-B2 11 Q-Q5 Q-N5+ 28 K-Bl Q-R6+!! 0-1
B-Q3 P-K4 12 Q-B2 Q-K2 13 PxKP

13 Olympiad, Munich
September 30-October 23, 1958
The number of participating countries is on the constant upgrade — a
new record of 36 teams was set. After a six-year lapse, the United States
also sent a team. There were two teams from Africa as well. The pre-
liminaries divided the teams into four groups of nine teams each. The
top three qualified for Final Group A. Never were the spec eh as
full of surprises and uncertainty as now.
Qualifying from the first group were the Soviet Union, Bulgaria and
Austria, leaving Holland behind, from the second group Spain, the
USA, and West Germany. Spain, which once used to take last place in
the Olympiads, now glowed in the preliminaries, and led, ahead of
many strong teams. The greatest surprise of all occurred in the third
preliminary group. While Argentina, East Germany and England
qualified for the finals, the strong Hungarian team dropped out, having
been the bronze medal winners at the previous Olympiad and always
among the top teams at almost all Olympiads. Barcza lost to Celebi of
Lebanon. England recorded an unquestionably notable success, again
defeating Argentina by 24-14. Qualifying from the fourth group were
Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Switzerland (again a surprise).
The Soviet Union drew in the finals with Yugoslavia, Argentina and
the United States and won with a 5} point margin. They lost only one
game! Yugoslavia won second place by a large margin. In terms of
match points they were even first.
Playing for the Soviet Union were Botvinnik 9/12, Smyslov 94/12,
Keres 94/12 and Bronstein 94/12, while the future World Champions
Mikhail Tal and Tigran Petrosian played as first and second reserves.
Gligorié was the best on top board, while the best result at the Olym-
piad was scored by Tal who won 12 out of 15 games and drew three. In
the first rounds, the Soviet team did not play impressively; Botvinnik
 Olympiad, Munich, 1958 67

lost in the preliminaries to Diickstein (Austria), while in the finals he

was hard put to draw with Lombardy. But once in the finish, the
‘machine’ scored 154 points out of the last 16 games. The American
team; Reshevsky, Lombardy, Bisguier, Evans and Rossolimo came to
Munich with higher ambitions than are reflected by the result.
Tal scored the highest number of wins, and de Greiff (Colombia) the
highest number of draws — 15 in 19 games.

Preliminaries
Section I
1 USSR NO

2 Bulgaria
3 Austria
4 Holland
5 Denmark
6 France
7 Italy
8 Puerto Rico
9 Ireland Oth
xX
Goeth
OO

Section 2
1 Spain
2 USA
3 W. Germany
4 Finland
5 Iceland
6 Israel
7 Norway
8 South Africa
9 Iran nxX
OrnxX
Goer
vwnn
Pw
ea
He

Section 3
1 Argentina
2 E. Germany
3 England
4 Hungary
5 Poland <a
Ne)
oo
nN
OO
NO
en
09
69
09=
6 Colombia
7 Philippines NS
ge
Doge
we
YB
eS
GQ
OF
Eg.
Kaede
SON
EO
De
XN
8 Scotland
9 Lebanon NX QIN
ee
Ose
GX
NS
Oe whe
OE
Bn
ee
COmeE
eg Op
ON
HX
OH
BH
KN
ek
NOX
ee w
Ro
XK
DK
OoONenx
oN
Orene
wl
Cm
Oye
wm enyongx
u
a
Pon
nwo
om
XK
m 09
ISK
oe
01
NH on] xogrrar
afro
PnuwVQwoMVA
Srore
ho
xKon
68 The Chess Olympiads

Section 4 aN
1 Czechoslovakia
2 Yugoslavia
3 Switzerland
4 Canada
5 Sweden
6 Belgium
7 Portugal
8 Tunisia
9 Greece OYN
COW
NX
& NN NO
Saye
Oth
WH
CNX me wet
Wie
NO
yg
SX

Final A
1 USSR
2 Yugoslavia
3 Argentina
4 USA
5 Czechoslovakia Pvw
NNX
6 E. Germany x
7 W. Germany
8 Switzerland
9 Spain
10 Bulgaria
11 England
12 Austria YI
mH
MH
OOM}
XOm
NNN
= Ewe
ENNXN
EE
NENREX
nvoGa
ENE
Ve
Final B
13 Hungary —
ti
14 Holland 33
15 Canada
16 Colombia
17 Israel
18 Denmark
19 Poland
20 Sweden
21 Finland
22 Iceland
23 France
24 Belgium xX
NE
EH
GCO
HN ME
we
No
eX
Ng
NO
eg
NO
Nh
—
 Olympiad, Munich, 1958 69
Final C 25 26 27 28 32 33 34 35
25 Norway MLS 2 45 catia a BtwA 4
26 Philippines er ue) 2 2 4 34 3
27 South Africa Aik 2 Ke Saale 24 24 4 33
28 Italy ee Sih hee Sie Opa
29 Scotland bb WiebQooFlt 23 34 4
30 Greece bee 22 ce x 24 24 2
31 Portugal Ie ove ah Ze 2 QE
32 Iran Sur Sooke nh yon Wai
33 Puerto Rico be. 0. 14 1 le Xe 2h
34 Ireland 1st 4 O 13 Sa lg asx
35 Tunisia Or flaee 0 bee Qh oJ
36 Lebanon 4 14 14 34 EeNXPnNwo
fH
eNO; ee agi it

Individual Results

Board 1 Board 4
Gligorié a4 9 6012 80-0 Bronstein USSR 7 79-2
Euwe NL 7 31 8% 77:3 Evans USA 8 71-9
Botvinnik USSR 7 41 9 75:0 Z. Nilsson Ss 10 69-0
Larsen Dk 11 4413 68-4 Darga BRD 5 66-7
Cardoso PI 10 5 4 123 65-8 Farré E 7 66-7
Unzicker BRD 7 92 114% 63-9
Szabo H 6 33 7 62:5 Ist Reserve
Johannsson IS 7 6310 62:5 Tal USSR 12 — 90-0
to}
Uhlmann DDR 9 35 104 61:8 Tringov BG 5 70-0
Pachman Cz 9 4511 60-1 H. Kramer NL 5 OO
~sI
Co 66-7
Pilnik Arg 5 87 9 60:0

2nd Reserve
Board 2 Petrosian USSR 8 104 80-8
Anderson CDN 9 31 104 80-8 Forintos H 9 10} 80-8
Smyslov USSR 7 50 94 79-2 Fuderer Y 8 m=
O1
OO =—-
nN
© 83 77°3
Panno Arg” 8 80 12"> 75:0
Matanovié Y Lid hice isk
Vestdl N 9 53 114 67-6
Aitken Scot 8 72 114 67:6 Tal (USSR) — Milev (Bulgaria)
Lombardy USA 6101 11 64:7
Semi-Tarrasch
Donner NL 7 8211 647
1 P-QB4 P-QB4 2 N-QB3 N-QB3 3
Board 3 N-B3 N-B3 4 P-K3 P-K3 5 P-Q4
Keres USSR 7 50 94 79:2 P-Q4 6 BPxP KNxP 7 B-B4 N-N3
Fichtl Cz 9 71 123 73-5 8 B-N5! P-OR3 9 Bx N+ PxB 10 0-0
Borja PI 10 7 2 13% 71-1 B-N2 11 N-K4 N-Q2 12 Q-B2 Q-N3
Portisch H 7 71 103 70-0 13 N-K5! PxP 14 NxN KxN 15
Prins NL 7 52 9} 67-9 PxP K-Ki 16 B-K3 Q-B2(51) 17
70 The Chess Olympiads
x
D2F
YAR
RXR 33 P-N6 PxP 34 PxP K-BI 35
PxR N-K5 36 Q-K8-+ 1-0

Penrose (England) - Smyslov (USSR)

Scotch

1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 P-Q4

PxP 4 P-B3 PxP 5 NxP B-N5 6
B-OB4 P-Q3 7 0-0 BxN 8 PxB N-B3
9 B-R3 B-N5 10 B-N5 0-0 11 BxN
P xB 12 P-K5 N-O4 13 Q-Q3 R-K1 14
P x P N-B5! 15 Q-B4 N-K7+ 16 K-R1
P-Q5! KPxP 18 KR-KI! K-QI 19 BXN17PxBPxP18QxQBP R-QBI
Q-N3 P-QB4 20 NxP! 1-0 19 QxP Q-R5 20 KR-Q] QxBP 21
R-KBI Q-R5 22 QR-Q1 R-K3 23
Q-Q7 N-N6+ 24 K-NI R/I-K1 25
Unzicker (W. Germany) -
R-B2 N-K7+ 0-1
Reshevsky (USA)
Reid (Ireland) — Lotfi (Iran)
Sicilian
Ruy Lopez
1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 P-Q3 3 P-O4
Px P 4.NxP N-KB3 5 N-QB3 P-QR3 1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 B-N5
6 B-K2 P-K3 7 0-0 B-K2 8 P-B4 Q-B2 P-QR3 4 B-R4 N-B3 5 0-0 B-K2 6
9 B-B3 N-B3 10 K-R1 0-0 11 B-K3 R-K1 P-QN4 7 B-N3 0-0 8 P-B3. P-Q3
N-QR4 12 Q-K1 N-B5 13 B-Bl P-K4 9 P-KR3 B-K3 10 B-B2 P-Q4 11 PxP
14 N-B5 BxN 15 PxB QR-BI 16 QxP 12 B-N3 Q-Q3 13 BxB PxB 14
P-KN4 P-K5! 17 NxP KR-K1 18 P-Q4 PxP 15 PxP QR-QI1 16 Q-K2
NxN-+ BxXN 19 Q-B2 BxP 20 BxB NxP 17 NxXN QxXKN 18 QxKP+
NxB 21 QR-NI N-R5 22 RxP Q-B5! K-R1 19 N-B3 R/QI-K1 20 B-K3
23 Q-N2 N-B6 24 P-N5 R-N1 25 R-Q7 Q-KR5 21 Q xP P-N5 22 N-N5 N-Q4
R-N8 26 RxR NxR(52) 27 Q-K2! 23 Q-R7 P-B4 24 Bx P BXB 25 QxB
N-B5 26 RXR RXR 27 R-QI1 P-R3

ainen
28 N-Q6 R-K3 29 N-B7+ K-NI1 30
a R-Q8+! K-R2 31 Q-B5+ P-N3 32
N-N5+! 1-0

Gligorié (Yugoslavia) -
Lombardy (USA)

Ruy Lopez

1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 B-N5

P-QR3 4 B-R4 N-B3 5 0-0 B-K2 6
R-K1] P-QN4 7 B-N3 0-0 8 P-B3
‘P-Q3. 9 P-KR3 N-QR4 10 B-B2
Q-B1 28 R-B7! Q-Q1 29 Q-B4 P-Q4 P-B3?! 11 P-QR4 R-NI 12 PxP
30 Bx PN-Q7 31 Q=B6 R-Bl 32 RxP RPXP 13 P-Q4 N-Q2 14 QN-Q2
 Olympiad, Leipzig, 1960 71

B-B3 15 N-B1 N-B5 16 P-QN3 N/5-N3 Rojahn (Norway)— ca ssdartie

17 N-K3 P-N3 18 N-N4 B-KN2 19 Ke
PxP! NxP 20 N/B3xN PXxN 21 E Lay, “ga
N-R6+ BxN? 22 BxBR-K1 23QxQ a

RxQ 24 B-N5 R-K1 25 R/K1-Ql

B-K3 26 R-O6 P-QB4 27 B-K3
R/K1-QB1 28 R-R7 K-B1 29 B-Q1!
P-R4 30 P-KN4 PxP 31 Bx NP BxB
32 PxB K-N2 33 B-N5 R-KI1 34
B-B6-+ K-B1 35 R-Q3! R-K3 36 P-N5
K-N1 37 R-KR3 RXB 38 PxR P-B5
39 PxP PxP 40 K-N2 R-QBI 41
R-K7 N-R5 42 RxKP 1-0
A brilliancy = = ra The game
Yanofsky (Canada) — ended 22 R-KR5!! 1-0 for if 22.
Portisch (Hungary) Q xR-+ 23 K-N2 PxXR 24 N-B5 Q-K4
25 Nx P+ K-RI1 26 QxR mate.
French

1 P-K4 P-K3 2 P-Q4 P-Q4 3 N-Q2 Clarke a — Petrosian (USSR)

N-QB3 4 KN-B3 N-B3 5 P-K5 N-Q2
6 N-N3 B-K2 7 B-ON5 0-0 8 0-0
N/3-N1 9 P-B3 P-ON3 10 N-K1
P-OQB3 11 B-K2 B-R3 12 BxB NxB
13 O-N4 R-KI 14 B-R6 B-B1 15 B-N5
B-K2 16 B-R6 B-B1 17 B-N5 B-K2 18
BxB QxB 19 P-KB4 P-KB4 20
prec elé

Px Pep NxP 21 Q-K2 N-B2 22 N-B3

P-B4 23 QR-K1 P-B5 24 N/N3-Q2 "ee
yg” sig)
P-QN4 25 N-K5 P-QR4 26 R-B3 YANG AV,
P-N5 27 R-R3 R-KB1 28 Q-B2 N-N4 |

29 Q-R4 N-Q3 30 P-N4 P-N3 31

N/2-B3 N/Q3-K5 32 RxN PxR 33 30... RxP!31 BxR RXB 32 Q-N2
N-N5 N-Q4 34 NxNP Q-KN2 35 Q-R2 33 N-K3 N-N3 34 N-N4 N-B5
NxR NxKBP 36 N/8xKP NxR+ 35 BXN PxB 36 K-BI R-N6 37 Q-B2
37 NxN Q-Q2 38 N/3-B4 PxP 39 Q-R6+ 38 K-K2 R-N7 39 R-KNI1
PxP R-Ki 40 Q-N5+ K-RI1 41 RxQ+ 40 NxR Q-R2 41 R-KRI
Q-B6+ 1-0 Q-N3 0-1

14 Olympiad, Leipzig
October 16—November 9, 1960
A new record of 40 countries took part. The Soviets fielded an excep-
tionally strong team, this time with the new World Champion Mikhail
Tal on first board. But the other names in the Soviet team were equally
famous: Botvinnik, Korchnoi, Smyslov, while the renowned Keres and
Petrosian played as reserves.
72 The Chess Olympiads

As a result of a dispute over who would play at first board, Reshevsky

or Fischer, the former did not show up in the American team, nor did
Evans. But Bobby Fischer was making his appearance for the first time.
The team arrived at the last minute for there had been a question as to
whether the State Department would issue visas for East Germany. In
addition to Fischer, the American team included William Lombardy,
Robert Byrne, Arthur Bisguier and as reserves Nicolas Rossolimo and
young, superb Raymond Weinstein.
The new World Champion Tal arrived somewhat late at the Olym-
piad, around midnight, and instead of going to sleep, he played a rapid
game in the lobby of the hotel Astoria with Fischer and Najdorf. In the
course of two years, Tal had greatly progressed and moved from being
a reserve at the Munich Olympiad to first board.
In the preliminaries, the teams played in four groups, with the
top three out of each qualifying for the Final Group A. Once again
it was the English team which afforded the greatest surprise by
scoring, together with Czechoslovakia, 28 points in the third prelim-
inary group, ahead of Hungary 27, Sweden 23, and Denmark 163 etc. In
addition, it should be noted that the modest English master Penrose
inflicted the only defeat on World and Soviet champion Mikhail Tal
in the very last round of the Olympiad! This was the only game lost
by the Soviets at the Leipzig Olympiad! The sensation of the Olym-
piad was Fischer’s loss to Mujfioz (Ecuador) in the fourth preliminary
group.
In the finals, the Soviet team won first place by an even greater
margin than at the previous Olympiad. The American team, which
had at one time recorded great and outstanding results at the Olym-
piads, won an Olympic medal for the first time since the war. The
match between the Soviet Union and the United States ended in a
minimum victory for the Soviet team; Tal drew with Fischer, Botvinnik
with Lombardy, Korchnoi with Byrne, while Smyslov defeated Bis-
guier.
Yugoslavia took third place. They lost two important matches
against the Soviet Union and the United States both by the minimum
score of 24-14. Gligorié had a winning position against Tal, but played
hesitantly.
Gligorié won an important game against Fischer. Robert Byrne
overpowered Ivkov, Matanovié and Lombardy drew. Bisguier’s victory
over Bertok decided the match. |
The Argentinian team, with Najdorf but without Panno and other
 Olympiad, Leipzig, 1960 73

strong players, was not a match to its one-time form when at earlier
Olympiads it aspired to the top medals.
The Soviet team won all its matches — 9 in the preliminaries and 11 in
the final!
Tan Hoan-Liong and Miagmasuren recorded the greatest number of
wins, 14 each, Paidoussis the greatest number of draws — 13 out of 20.
The briefest game was that between Klein and Miagmasuren (6 moves
in 6 minutes), and the longest between Langeweg and Pfeiffer (11 hours
and 52 minutes).
Petrosian recorded the best result at the Olympiad — 12 patie out of
13 games.
The organization of the Olympiad was at a high level. One of its
special attractions was a grandiose chess exhibition presenting displays
from 70 countries and 150 famous museums from all over the world.

Preliminaries
Section I lee? oT a So BP re SO? he
1 Bulgaria mie 4 8 SR Ze OB Sk 4 Be 27
2 Yugoslavia Bak Wed gu) ES 84 OB ae 4g Sao 26
3 E. Germany 2) edhe i 12h Oh 8. 82 3. © 4abe85025
4 Norway ab #2 tT Bate el a A OG) Seeds 204
5 Finland MY Bee aK Bh Obs 8 AAhumton 19s
6 Israel US es SMS doar edBon > AINEReale caitines Aiea otheLS,
7 Indonesia ee ga ald yy2k a ha yy Sy) 4A ee LCS
8 France tobe Pale BOP lope ld sede ox eh Ob dae 1d
9 Albania PSB UET pc 0 ceSA Dg Seat Sah RcRe eammea esebk UY
10 Malta ree) aces nwt On SU tate baer Le eee

Section 2 Bb O83 et 4e S146 £7 8 ,-O veld

1 USSR De BAD Bh SHERBET 13 dp 3B hreriay 32
2 Argentina £0 Pt Sa Shae eawe “SAGAS Oa ARS 25
3 Holland To de yy 148k 624 SR 34 3h 4 23h
4 Poland e blog lhe oP 2 Bh 93 3" ear Ob
5 Austria A. Pe LS IA x, 34 42 1 3h bed eid
6 India O; 92) 7140) 4h KK (2h 2be 2 Bdterd Ss
7 Portugal Sa Pee” RY he Biel $ R543 2) SRF NS
8 Philippines Ue ae et) an de mee Ce deci oe Ge a
9 Italy Coat 2 hee wae ot bee OC Behn! 412
10 Monaco BATHS I toa aie 8 pal 9 Ee SE Sane RC hala
74 The Chess Olympiads

Section 3 ]
1 England x
2 Czechoslovakia 14
3 Hungary 23
4 Sweden 2
5 Denmark 2
6 Iceland 2
7 Mongolia 1
8 Tunisia 0
9 Greece 0
10 Bolivia 0 NK
me
Or
ACO-
ODN X
PO
WE
H
CHO
Cp HATS
OW
XH

Section 4
1 USA
2 W. Germany
3 Romania
4 Spain
5 Chile
6 Cuba
7 Belgium
8 Ecuador
9 Ireland
10 Lebanon wee
Oo
Xx
EP
we
a_ ON th
wie
NOX
NNT»XN
ie
Oth
OPO x
pe
OI
Pe
pS
memea ALVA
xX
mw
Spr
Pop
©po RAS
Pr
X

Finals

Final A
1 USSR
2 USA
3 Yugoslavia
4 Hungary
5 Czechoslovakia
6 Bulgaria
7 Argentina
8 W. Germany
9 E. Germany
10 Holland ho
nN
11 Romania
12 England eePere
XK
ee
OO NNNXNNP
NOR y
wo
Fw
Pn
NNnn
eo
 Olympiad, Leipzig, 1960
Final B 19 20 21 24
13 Sweden 23 2 23 23
14 Israel we 23 23
15 Austria 23 5
16 Denmark 2
17 Finland wo 1}
18 Cuba 2
19 Norway 1}
20 Spain 1} 1}
21 Poland
22 Chile 3
23 Iceland l
nee
— nO
me
i
— —"

24 India GX
mMNUNNN
PNnnKlS
re
= 1}
Final C
25 Philippines
26 Indonesia NS
NO
©o mo
27 Mongolia |
28 Albania &
|]
Jan
29 Ecuador |See
oS NO
09
9
30 Portugal hors
hoMor
pCR horea
31 France |ens
|x
Se |OS
oe
lee
&
32 Italy x |
33 Belgium
34 Tunisia et
tet
NO

35 Greece xX
®R
|Bo]
ere
36 Bolivia xX
|
puge
eee
oF
FE
37 Monaco MHNm
OG
ee|e
porn
Rr-xnwd
|XNHN
38 Ireland xX
&
go
|VEvnnow
|v
lem
39 Malta
40 Lebanon eX
| |> |reeaxR]
emmy
J ene
|of
woh
OR
OX
wm ||ee
ome
mex
eo

Individual Results

Board 1 Pomar*
Robatsch Ae 1 13} 84-4 Schmid
Tal USSR8 he 3 Lombardy
Fischer USA 10 1372-2 Filip
Gligori¢ Y 12 70-6
pet Bachtiar
Bobotsov BG 10 66:7
Mufioz EC 12} 65:8 Board 3
Unzicker BRD 114 63-9 Keres
Najdorf Arg NnOoOnNN
WO ND
OF
—=
ON
©=m12 63-2
NAIMHMHODWAHD
Ne pat
— R. Byrne
Ivkov
Board 2 Barcza
Botvinnik USSR ee) 104 80-8 Lindblom
Gudmundsson IS sw a!
Ooo ‘114 71-9 Bergraser &
OO
ow
On
76 The Chess Olympiads

Board 4 33 RxR B-Q4 34 N-N6 B-N6 35 N-K4

Tan Ha-Liong RI 14 5 1 164 82:5 P-R3 36 P-Q7 B-B1 37 R-B8 B-K2 38
Miagmasuren Mong 14 5 1 16$ 82-5 B-B5 B-R5 39 P-N3 1-0
Korchnoi USSR 8 50 104 80-8
Bisguier USA 9 52 114 71:9 Fischer (USA) —- Dr Euwe (Holland)
Z. Nilsson NS) OSS Blige si9
Caro Kann
Reyes PI 10 2411 688
1 P-K4 P-QB3 2 P-Q4 P-O4 3 PxP
Ist Reserve Px P 4 P-QB4 N-KB3 5 N-QB3 N-B3
Smyslov USSR 10 3 0 114 88-5 6 N-B3 B-N5 7 PxP KNxP 8 Q-N3
Damjanovié Y G2 29 7 700 BxN 9 PxB P-K3 10 QxP NxP 11
Schweber Arg * G2 25 7 * JO" B-QN5+ NxB 12 Q-B6+! K-K2 13
QxN/N5 NxN 14 PxN Q-O2 15
2nd Reserve R-QNI1! R-Q1 16B-K3QxQ17RxQ
Petrosian Dock Lee) Usle woes R-Q2 18 K-K2 P-B3 19 R-Ol RxR
Weinstein* USA 6 11 6% 843 20 K xR K-Q2 21 R-N8 K-B3 22 BxP
Guthi IL 7 84 27 9" 169-2 P-N4 23 P-OR4 B-N2 24 R-N6+
K-Q4 25 R-N7 B-B1 26 R-N8 B-N2 27
Penrose (England) — Tal (USSR) R-N5+ K-B3 28 R-N6+ K-Q4 29
P-R5 P-B4 30 B-N8 R-QBI 31 P-R6
Benoni RxP 32 R-N5+ K-B5 33 R-N7!
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-OB4 P-K3 3 B-Q5 34 R-OB7+ K-Q6 35 RxR+
N-QB3 P-B4 4 P-Q5 PxP 5 PxP KxR 36 B-K5! 1-0
P-Q3 6 P-K4 P-KN3 7 B-Q3 B-N2
8 KN-K2 0-0 9 0-0 P-QR3 10 P-QR4 Tal (USSR) — Najdorf (Argentina)
Q-B2 11 P-R3 QN-Q2 12 P-B4 R-K1 Sicilian
13 N-N3 P-B5 14 B-B2 N-B4 15 Q-B3
N/3-Q2 16 B-K3 P-ON4 17 PxP 1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 P-Q3 3 P-Q4
R-N1 18 Q-B2 PxP 19 P-K5! PxP PxP 4 NxP N-KB3 5*N-QB3 P-K3
6 B-K3 P-QR3 7 P-B4 P-QN4 8 Q-B3
B-N2 9 B-Q3 QN-Q2 10 0-0 B-K2 11
Ze“4% Y,
yf P-QR3 0-0 12 Q-R3 Q-B2 13 QR-K1
Z
N-B4 14 B-B2 P-Q4 15 PxP NxB 16
PxXN BxQP 17 NXB PXN 18 N-B5
B-B4 19 P-Q4 B-R2 20 B-R4 N-K5 21
RXN! PxR 22 B-B6! Q-N3 23 BxP
KR-K1 24 B-K5 Q-N3 25 N-R6+
K-B1 26 P-B5 1-0

Fischer (USA) — Muiioz (Ecuador)

Bromo
{sammy
7a Sicilian
(55) 20 P-B5 B-N2 21 QR-QI! B- 1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 P-Q3 3 P-Q4
QR1 22 N/B3-K4 N-R5 23 BxN PxP 4NxP N-KB3 5 N-QB3 P-KN3
PxB 24 PxP BPxP 25 Q-B7+ K-RI 6 B-K3 B-N2 7 P-B3 0-0 8 Q-Q2 N-B3
26 N-QB5 Q-R2 27 QxN QxQ 28 9 B-QB4 P-QR3 10 B-N3 Q-R4 11
NxQ RxP 29 N-N6 R-N6 30 NxBP 0-0-0 B-Q2 12 K-N1 QR-BI1 13 P-N4
R-Q1 31 P-Q6 R-B6 32 R-BI RxR N-K4 14 B-R6 N-B5 15 BXN RxB 16
 Olympiad, Varna, 1962 77

P-KN4 35 N-KB5 P-KR4 36 K-K3

N/I-N2 (36... N/I-B2=) 37 NxN
a NXN 38 PxP PxP 39 P-B4 PxP+?
(39 . . . N-K3! with good chances of a
WS
draw) 40 Nx P K-K2 41 K-Q4! K-B3
42 K-Q5 K-N4 43 N-K2 N-KI1 44
{. c K-B6 N-B3 45 K-N7 NxP 46 KxRP
K-B4 47 KxP K-K4 48 P-R4 P-Q4
49 P-R5 P-Q5 50 Nx PKxN 51 K-B6
N-B4 52 P-QN4 N-Q6 53 K-N5 K-K4
54 P-R6 N xP 1-0

N-N3 Q-K4!(56) 17 P-KR4 R/1-B1 18

Keres (USSR) - Bilek (Hungary)
B-B4 Q-K3 19 P-R5 P-QN4 20 PxP
BP xP 21 B-R6 B-R1 22 P-K5 P-N5! Sicilian
23 PXN PXN 24 Q-R2 QxBP 25
B-N5 Q-B2 26 Q-K2 PxP 27 QxP 27 1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 P-Q3 3 P-Q4
QxPQxQ28BxQRxXxBP29RxQP PxP 4 NxP N-KB3 5 N-QB3 P-K3
B-R5 30 B-N5 R-B7 31 B-K3 Rx P 32 6 B-K3 P-QR3 7 P-B4 Q-B2 8 P-KN4
B-Q4 BxN 33 PxB BxB 34 RxB P-Q4 9 P-K5 N/3-Q2 10 P-QR3
RxXP 35 R-Q2 R/BI-N1 36 R-Q7 P-KN4? 11 P-B5! NxP 12 Q-K2
R-QR6 0-1 N/1-B3 13 0-0-0 B-K2 14 B-N2
B-Q2(57) 15 BXQP! PxB 16 NxP
Petrosian (USSR) —- Wade (England)
Queen Pawn "WY
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 N-KB3 P-QN3 3
B-N5 B-N2 4 QN-Q2 P-N3 5 P-K3
B-N2 6 B-Q3 P-B4 7 P-B3 P-Q3 8 0-0
0-0 9 Q-K2 P-KR3 10 B-R4 QN-Q2
11 P-KR3 N-R4 12 N-R2 PxP 13
BPXP B-KB3 14 BxB N/2xB 15
QR-B1 R-B1 16 N/R2-B3 R-B2 17
N-N3 RXR 18 RXR Q-RI 19 B-R6
R-Bl 20 RXxR+ BxR 21 N/N3-Q2
Q-B3 22 BXB QxB 23 Q-B4 QxQ
24 NxQ N-Q4 25 K-Bl N/R4-B3 26 Q-Q3 17 NxXN BxN 18 B-B5! QxB
K-K2 K-Bl 27 N-K1 K-K1 28 N-Q3 19 QXN P-B3 20 NxP+ K-B2 21
K-Q2 29 P-B3 N-B2 30 P-K4 N/3-K1 Q-K6+ K-Bl 22 KR-K1 R-Q1 23
31 P-KR4 P-B3? (31 .. . N-K3) 32 RxXR+ BXR 24 N-Q7+ 1-0 (24.
P-Q5! P-K3 33 PxP+ NxP 34 N-K3 BXN 25 Q xB B-K2 26 P-B6)

15 Olympiad, Varna
September 16—October 10, 1962
The number of the teams participating in the Olympiad declined, but
competition for the medals was very strong. Thirty-seven teams
78 The Chess Olympiads
competed in four preliminary groups. There was some uncertainty as to
the outcome in the third qualification group, where, in addition to Yugo-
slavia, the Netherlands and Czechoslovakia qualified, but the Polish
team had an equal number of points. Even struggle describes the fourth
preliminary group as well, where, in addition to Argentina and
Hungary, Austria also qualified for the Finals. The other candidates
were Denmark, Cuba and England. Penrose played excellently for the
English team at top board, and in the preliminaries won five and drew
three games, without a defeat. In the final tally at the end of the Olym-
piad, he recorded the outstanding result of 124 points out of 17 games.
The Soviet team was comprised of Botvinnik 8/12, Petrosian 10/12,
Spassky 11/14, Keres 94/13, Geller 104/12 and Tal 10/13. Future World
Champion Spassky played for the Soviet team for the first time.
Botvinnik lost to Uhlmann. In the initial rounds, the Soviets did not
display their usual form, but they still won all their matches, with the
exception of a draw against Romania, and once again took the gold
medal.
Yugoslavia were a sure second. They scored an important victory in
the very last round over the United States. Gligorié defeated Fischer,
and Ivkov won against Robert Bryrne, while the Trifunovi¢-Benko and
Matanovi¢-Evans games ended in draws. This gave the Argentinians a
chance, led by the ‘eternally youthful’ Najdorf, to overtake the
American team at the last moment and take third place.
Fischer did not play in top form — he lost against Ciocaltea, Donner,
and Gligori¢é. His game against World Champion Botvinnik was an
interesting one; with an extra pawn and a chance of victory, Fischer
was in a good position, but the game still ended in a draw. This was the
first and only duel between long-time World Champion Botvinnik and
future World Champion Fischer.
Keres toppled all records by playing undefeated in five Olympiads!
The briefest game of the Olympiad was between Wade and Kinzel
(Austria) — 9 moves, and the longest between Thorsteinsson (Iceland)
and Momo (Mongolia) — 149 moves. Sanguineti won the greatest
number of games — 12 out of 16.
The Cuban, Jimenez became ‘King of the Draw’ with 13 out of 19
games.
 Olympiad, Varna, 1962 79

Preliminaries

Section I o.. & %' 48 Bme

1 USSR 3. 4b (3 tArnedeoC274
2 E. Germany 24 24 34 34 4 21h
3 W. Germany 3 24 24 4 4 21
4 Sweden 2. 3 3 2e2pl7
5 Belgium x 24 2 24 34 16
6 Spain lg) & 23 94 3460516
7 Norway 2 We x) «9S mea 1S
8 Turkey LBRAGUW) Lita Gants AST
9 Greece oOo
OO
Ke
eee
=
— CO
X
Tun
NO
Ome + 0 Jt 1 Kee de

Section 2 Bie Cl Hired

1 USA 33 4 4 4 4 24
2 Bulgaria 34 34. 3 3nnti8op.20
3 Romania 2 34 4 34 34 20
4 Israel ~ SSrrmeld eo 1a
5 Mongolia eX US G54 ae ot
6 Switzerland 2b ad x FS 8G
7 Puerto Rico Id Bo 1 xk einsie 7
8 Tunisia KX
he
NN
— 1 if 14 1 x ~ 63

Section 3 OPy (ieee oe

1 Yugoslavia 24 3 4 4 4 274
2 Holland 14 3 «3h 240 «64.25
3 Czechoslovakia 24 34 34 4 #4 25
4 Poland 4 34 4 4 4 25
5 Iceland 2 .2¢ 34 S2h 040, 21
6 Finland x 2h 14 4 (44,194
7 France lt x 3h 4 «34-17
8 Uruguay ae 4 X84 Pe?
9 Luxembourg Ue Ui bis ocr ern Oe
10 Cyprus ENX
HE
COOKS
DME
Ogeecoomonmx
Pee 1 ton Yee (Aone
ONXNN bee ae aap ge*
80 The Chess Olymprads

Section 4
1 Argentina
2 Hungary
3 Austria OO
OF
oo
©

4 Denmark
5 Cuba NODole
Boles
6 England
7 Albania No2
rj
8 India
9 Iran
10 Ireland COO
Ge
NX
Ome --EXNRRoeex
PM
o
FPOKB
OPVe
RX xX
Rower
Pow

Finals

Final A or
1 USSR
2 Yugoslavia
3 Argentina
4 USA
5 Hungary
6 Bulgaria
7 W. Germany
8 E. Germany
9 Romania
10 Czechoslovakia
11 Holland NO
—
— NS
ho
NO
NO

12 Austria NR ee
ee
ye
D2
DEK
ge
gee
9 mee
XNe
NEN EXRBanRonne
He XxX
RPwoQVPw

Final B
13 Spain
14 England
15 Israel
16 Cuba
17 Sweden Ne)
|
—_—
—

18 Poland
19 Belgium
20 Finland
21 Mongolia
22 Switzerland
23 Iceland
24 Denmark Mm
Be
pee
Ny
XOD
ON
NN
 Olympiad, Varna, 1962 81

Final C Zou 262i 26 29° 30° 3) 32.938: 34) S536" (37.

25 Norway x 24 24 2 3 2 34 24 38 4 3 4 — — 323
*BulgariaB 14 * 2 3 2 2 2k 24 24 34 — — 4 4 293
26 Albania ToS eK SP 2 82h eZ TS 3 83h Se 2 1) 28e
27 Tunisia 2 1 1 « 2 2 24 3 — 4 3} — 3 4 283
28 India PD" 262° 2eyix 2 QV eee Lhe 8k OF 83g 14) 264
29 Iran 2 2 14 14 2 x — 34 14 — 14 34 24 34 25
30 France %* 14 — 14 2 — x 24 2 1 #34 14 34 4 233
31 Puerto-Rico 14 14 14 1 — 4 14 x 2 34 — 3 24 4 223
32 Uruguay ite eee 2h 2 KUL RD ee 2D
33 Greece 0 ¢+ 1 0-—- — 3 $$ 3 x 2 2 2 4 = 184
34 Luxembourg 1 — 4 }$ 3 24 4 — 14 14 x 24 3 4 #18
35 Turkey 0 — 4 — $¢ § 2 1 £2 2 14 x 2 4 «217
36 Ireland — 0 2 1 Is 14 &¢ 1 — 2 1 1 x 3 14d
37 Cyprus oor Seis Oe Oo we ie er OO Oe Oo Ok Ke Le

* The Bulgaria B team was included to avoid the need for a bye.

Individual Results Board 4

Ivkov ry 11 5 0 133 84-4
Board I Sanguinetti Arg 12 3 1 134 84-4
Olafsson IS 10 8014 77:8 Keres USSR 6 70 93 73:1
Najdorf Arg 9 71 123 73-5 Gulbrandsen N 8 4310 66-7
Penrose Eng 9 71 123 73:5. Ortega Cc 11 35 124 65:8
Gligorié Y 8 8112 706 R. Byrne USA 7 33 8% 65-4
Uhlmann DDR 710012 70-6 Barcza H 8 14 84 65-4
Botvinnik USSR 5 61 8 66:7
Johannessen N $.46).3; 127% 66-7 vi yattiach
oe 8: : ies i oO Geller USSR 10 1 1 10$ 87-5
D. Byrne USA 8 31 9$ 79-2

Board 2
Petrosian USSR 8 4010 833 meh Te goat. Tian tevrleb tose,
Benko USA 6 42 8 66-7 ey
4 Minié Ne 5 30 63 81-2
Diez del Corral E 8 5 3 104 65-6 Tal USSR 7 6010 769
Ghitescu R 6 52 84 65-4 Beare
Tringov BG 5 91 9} 63-3
Batis NE éoett “igiity hae DENS SRS Pile F
Board 3 paidors (Argentina) —
Spassky USSRe BieG1O/1Uu7s7 Rot ECh, Hungary)
Bilek H 7 6 1 10 71-4 Semi-Tarrasch
Hort Cz Be Suk 12 70-6
Panno Arg 7 52 9} 67:9 1 P-Q4 P-Q4 2 P-QB4 P-K3 3 N-QB3
Doda PL 8 4310 66:7 N-KB3 4 N-B3 P-B4 5 BPxP NxP 6
Gheorghiu R 6 8110 66-7 P-K3 PxP 7 PxP B-N5 8 Q-B2
82 The Chess Olympiads
N-QB3 9 B-Q3 NxN 10 PxN NxP?! ‘ 7
ZY
¢
Qe

b
BG@: rv

11 NXN QXN 12 B-QN5+ K-K2 13 : V/s —™,

Z 4

0-0 QxXQBP 14 Q-K2 B-Q3 15 B-N2

Q-R4! 16 KR-Q1! R-QI 17 Q-R5!
P_B3 18 QxP! K-B2 19 B-K2 Q-KN4
20 B-QB1 BX P+ 21 KxB Q-K4+ 22
P-B4 1-0

Fischer (USA) -
Gligorié (Yugoslavia)

Sicilian
RxP+ K-KI1 25 QxP! NXxXN 26
1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 P-Q3 3 P-Q4
R-B8+ 1-0
PxP4NxP N-KB3 5 N-QB3 P-QR3
6 P-KN3 P-K3 7 B—-N2 B-K2 8 0-0 0-0
Wade (England) ~ Kinzel (Austria)
9 P-B4 Q-B2 10 P-KN4! N-B3 11NxN
PXN 12 P-N5 N-Q2 13 P-B5 R-K1 14 Queen Pawn
K-R1 B-BI1 15 B-B4 N-K4 16 P-B6
1 P-Q4 P-Q4 2 N-QB3 N-KB3 3 B-N5
P-N3 17 P-KR4 P-QR4 18 P-R5
P-B3 4 BXN NPxXB 5 P-K3 P-K4 6
B-QR3 19 R-K1 Q-N3 20 PxP BPxP
Q-R5 P-K5? 7 P-B3! P-KB4 8 PxP
21 BXN PXB 22 Q-B3 R-R2 23 B-Bl
BP x P?? 9 Q-K5-+ 1-0
R-KB2 24 BxB QxB 25 Q-N3 (25
The shortest game of the Olympiad.
N-Q1!) 25... Q-N3 26 QxP? QxP
27 QR-Q1 P-R3! 28 R-K3 B-N5 29
Dickstein (Austria) —
PxPQxBP 30 R-KNI K-R2 31Q-N3
Pachman (Czechoslovakia)
R-KNI1 32 P-K5 BxN 33 RxXxB
Q-K5+ 34 R-N2 R-QI1 35 R-K3 Sicilian
Q-N8+ 36 K-R2? (36 R-K1) 36...
1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3
R-Q8 37 Q-N4 R-R8+ 38 K-N3
P-Q4 PxP 4 NxP P-K3 5 N-QB3
Q-QB8 39 R-K4 R-Q2! 40 Q-K2
Q-B2 6 B-K3 P-QR3 7 B-Q3 N-B3 8
Q-N4+ 41 Q-N4 R-Q6+ 42 K-B2
0-O NxN 9 BXN B-B4 10 BXB QxB
R-Q7+ 43 K-N3? (43 K-B3) 43...
11 Q-K2 P-Q3 12 K-R1 P-QN4 13
RxR-+ 0-1
P-B4 B-N2? 14 P-K5 PxP 15 PxP
N-Q2 16 QR-K1 P-N5 17 N-K4
Spassky (USSR) - Evans (USA) QxKP 18 Q-Q2 Q-B2 19QxP BxN
King’s Indian 20 QXB N-N3 21 P-QR4 Q-Q2 22
P-B4 R-QNI1 23 P-R5 N-R5 24 B-B2
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-KN3 3 NxP 25 R-QNI1 P-B3 26 B-R4! QxB
N-QB3 B-N2 4 P-K4 P-Q3 5 P-B3 27 QxKP+ K-QI1 28 Q-Q6+ K-Bl
P-B3 6 B-K3 P-QR3 7 Q-Q2 P-QN4 8 29 R-B5 1-0
0-0-0 PxP 9 BxP 0-0 10 P-KR4!
P-O4 11 B-N3 PxP 12 P-R5! KPxP Spassky (USSR) -
13 RPXP RPXP 14 B-R6 Px P(58) 15 Darga (W. Germany)
R-R4! N-N5 16 BxB KxB 17 QxP Sicilian
N-R3 18 N-B3 N-B4 19 R-R2 Q-Q3
20 N-K5 N-Q2 21 N-K4 Q-B2 22 1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3
R/1-R1 R-KN1 23 R-R7+K-Bl 24 P-Q4 PxP 4 NxP P-K3 5 N-QB3
 Olympiad, Tel Aviv, 1964 83

Q-B2 6 B-K3 P-QR3 7 P-QR3 P-QN4 _B-B421 Nx P!PXN 22 QxP+ Q-N4

8 B-K2 B-N2 9 P-B4 N-B3 10 B-B3_ 23 Q-KN4 Q-B3 24 QxNP R-KBI 25
P-Q3 11 0-0 N-QR4 12 Q-K2 N-B5 13. RxXR+ BxXR 26 QxP R-Bl 27
P-K5! NxB 14 QxN PxP 15 PxP Q-N6+ 1-0 (27... K-K2 28 R-Q6 and
N-Q2 16 BxB QxB 17 Q-B4 N-N3 18 29 Q-R7+)
QR-Q1 N-R5 19NxN PXN 20 K-R1

16 Olympiad, Tel Avi

November 2—November 25, 1964
A record of 50 teams set out on the ‘chess pilgrimage’ to Israel. For the
first time, all the continents were represented at the Olympiad. This
confronted the FIDE President Folke Rogard with the novel problem
of arranging the pairings of the teams in the preliminary groups, for the
FIDE regulations provided for a maximum of 42 teams. A system was
found, however, according to which the teams were divided into seven
preliminary groups, with the top two qualifying for Final Group A,
and the rest for Consolation Groups B, C and D.
The preliminaries transpired without any great upsets. The Soviet
Union ‘massacred’ its opponents, winning all games, with the excep-
tion of a draw against Spain. The host country qualified for Final
A by edging out the Swedes. In the fourth group, England waged
a heavy battle, but Poland succeeded in overtaking her. Canada
offered the greatest surprise by qualifying for Final A ahead of East
Germany.
Yet again the Soviet team won the gold medal by a wide margin,
but, for the first time since its loss to Hungary in Moscow 1956, it
suffered another defeat, and that 3-1 at the hands of the West German
team; Smyslov lost to Unzicker, and Keres to Schmid. The Soviet team,
with Petrosian, Botvinnik, Smyslov, Keres, Stein and Spassky, lacked
the famous Tal, who at one time had ‘ruled the roost’ of the Olympiads.
This marked Keres’ first defeat since the 1952 Olympiad in Helsinki.
The question of second place was settled in the last round. Yugo-
slavia got off to a weak start, but made up for it towards the end.
Gligorié recorded a notable victory over Botvinnik, and Matanovié
displayed effective play at fourth board.
West Germany entered the struggle for second place and only in the
last round, with their loss to Hungary, did they have to content them-
selves with the bronze medal. This was their first medal since the
Dubrovnik Olympiad in 1950.
84 The Chess Olympiads

The American team, playing without Fischer, Evans and Lom-

bardy, could not count on a medal. They lost to the Soviet Union, and
that by a maximum score of 4-0! Reshevsky, Benko, Saidy, and Bis-
guier suffered defeat at the hands of Petrosian, Smyslov, Keres and
Stein, respectively.
Argentina could not entertain very high hopes for they were playing
without Najdorf, Panno, Guimard, J. Bolbochan and Sanguineti!
Uhlmann won the greatest number of games, and Dr Filip recorded
the greatest number of draws: 12 out of 15.

Preliminaries
Section I ] 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 USSR xX ) Bho 4 4 4 4 4 234
2 Spain $ Karn Ld) Shiv Bh eed a7 1s
3 Philippines Ors 924 doidty of Retboddoe Qhow2t bold
4 Chile 0 $ 2 x 2 3 2 104
5 Switzerland O 14.24 14 x. 24. 24. 103
6 Venezuela 0 ] 14] 14 x= 4 74
7 South Africa 0 ] 14 14 #214 1% += &X 7

Section 2 ] 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 Yugoslavia xX beasoa2d. bint 3 4 4 194
2 Holland 2 Kawodd! oB8bzens2 4 4 bAQ
3 Mongolia 1, x, 24. 34 . 3. Gentes
4 Austria 0 $1) edb comtnsend 4 34 124
5 Mexico ] 2 4 ] Mi te2d orieSwt (hlO
6 India 0 0 ] 07 sabbh vx tons 44
7 Bolivia 0 0 4 t ] 2 x 4

Section 3 2 3 4 > 6 7
1 Hungary Xx 3 2 3 4 4 4.-; 20
2 Israel ] Xe Belo WovsaBhio thie Wap 4476
3 Sweden 2 oheld tucXpgiticodts asin SH sels
4 Scotland ] 1, 4 Xion 3 beltdoos Sivoo
5 France 0. ook Mach avitd 3 11
6 Ireland 0 0 ] lt 1 Xormnsd 64
7 Luxembourg 0 3 ] ] ] x 4
 Olympiad, Tel Aviv, 1964 85

Section 4 4
1 USA 33 21
2 Poland 2 144
3 England 13 13
4 Norway 1]
5 Turkey 9}
6 Iran
7 Portugal

Section 5
1 Romania 23
2 Czechoslovakia
3 Cuba
4 Paraguay
5 Colombia
6 Puerto Rico
7 Australia MOM
Nea
PXNRNVED
ox

Section 6
1 Argentina
2 Canada
3 E. Germany
4 Ecuador MD
OO
OF
HB
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5 Monaco
6 Iceland
7 Uruguay xX
RFE
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2 W. Germany 09
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3 Denmark No
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6 Greece 69
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7 Dominica
8 Cyprus Oh Ork
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86 The Chess Olympiads

Sagee
Finals
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 Olympiad, Tel Aviv, 1964 87

Final D 45 46 47 48 49 50
43 Australia 4 3 34 34 2k 4 224
44 South Africa 14 3 24 24 24 4 18
45 Bolivia x 14 24 14 34 4 154
46 Uruguay — 22-DK H202VE SHS 144
47 Portugal lH OZ Hoe 034-2421 38 14
48 Luxembourg 2e-3424 5) LS KD. 24442 12
49 Dominica HY A Mb xhs 104
50 Cyprus HK
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ONX OM-n. ob U2-A Lak 5

Individual Results Ist Reserve

Stein USSR 84110 762
Board 1 Pinzon* Peru, . 5 20)... 6, 15-0
Uhlmann DDR 13 4 83-3
Hay Aus 531 6$ 72:2
Cuellar Col 124 77:8
Portisch H 96 75-0 2nd Reserve
B. Andersen Dk 9 4 73-3 Matulovié ¥i 102111 846
Kupper CH 8 6 73-3 Mohring DDR 102111 846
Petrosian USSR 6 7 Jon Addison* USA 711 7} 83-3
Unzicker BRD 11 4 i9
he Spassky USSR 8 5 0 103% 80-8
Kottnauer Eng 87 63-9
Pachman Cz 5 9 63-3 Smyslov (USSR) —
Yanofsky CDN 68 62:5 Unzicker (W. Germany)
Board 2 Catalan
Uitumen Mon 11 5 (oe
1 P-QB4 N-KB3 2 P-KN3 P-K3 3
Westerinen SF 11 4 76:5
B-N2 P-Q4 4 N-KB3 PxP 5 Q-R4+
Botvinnik USSR 7 4 75:0
QN-Q2 6 QxBP P-QR3 7 Q-B2
M. Johansson S a5 13°)
R-QNI 8 0-0 B-K2 9 N-R3!? 0-0 10
Ivkov ¥ 8 7 is
N—-B4 P-B4 11 P-QR4 P-QN3 12 P-Q3
Gheorghiu R 8 8 70-6
B-N2 13 B-B4 R-R1 14 P-K4 B-B3 15
Bjornsson IS 85 70-0
B-Q2 N-K1 16 B-B3 N-Q3 17 N/3-K5
Benko USA 7.5 67-9
N/2xN 18 NxN/5 B-N2 19 P-N3
Board 3 Q-B2 20 QR-Bl QR-B1 21 B-N2
Smyslov USSR 10 2 84-6 P-QN4! 22 P-Q4 P-B3 23 N-Q3 BxP
Vergara Chi 101 70-0 24 QPxP BxB 25 KxB Q-B3+ 26
Bobotsov BG 7 8 68-8 K-N1 N-N2 27 Q-K2 P-K4 28 KR-Q1
Fred SF 8 6 68-8 PxP 29 PxP QxRP 30 NXxP!? PXN
Schmid BRD 75 67:9 31 QxXKP R-KB2! 32 Q-K6 Rx QBP
Brinck-Claussen Dk J 67-9 33 R-R1 Q-B3 0-1

Board 4 Pfleger (W. Germany) -

Pfleger BRD 105 83-3 Domunitz (Israel)
Keres USSR 9 2 83-3
King’s Indian
Friedgood SA a2 83-3
Fuchs DOK 73 77-3 1 P-QO4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-KN3 3
Fuller Aus 6 1 ¥
a4 N-QB3 B-N2 4 P-K4 P-Q3 5 B-K2
88 The Chess Olympiads
P-K4 6 PXxPPxP7QxQ+ KxQ8 Reshevsky (USA) -
P-B4! N/3-Q2 9 N-B3 P-QB3 10 0-0 Ghitescu (Romania)
PxP 11BxP P-B3 12 QR-Q1 K-K1 13
Tarrasch
P-K5! PxP 14 B-N3 N-B4 15 BxP
BxB 16 NxB B-K3 17 P-QN4 N/4-Q2 1 P-Q4 P-Q4 2 P-QB4 P-K3 3 N-QB3
18 N-B3! K-K2 19 N-KN5 N-B1 20 N x P-QB4 4 P-K3 N-QB3 5 N-B3 N-B3
B NXN 21 B-N4 N-Q2 22 R/QI-K1 6 BPxP KPxP 7 B-K2 B-K2 8 PxP
N/2-Bl 23 N-K4 N-Q1 24 N-B5+ BxP 9 0-0 0-0 10 P-QN3 P-QR3
K-Q3 25 R-B6+ K-B2 26 R-K7+ 11 B-N2 B-R2 12 R-B1 P-Q5 13
K-N1 27 Rx NP-+ 1-0 PxXP NxP 14NXN QXN 15 QxQ
BxQ 16 KR-QI B-R2 17 P-KR3
Matulovié (Yugoslavia) — B-KB4 18 B-B3 QR-NI1 19 P-KN4
Witt (Canada) B-KN3 20 P-N5 N-R4 21 N-Q5
KR-K1 22 R-B7 K-R1 23 N-K7 N-B5
Caro Kann
24 NxXxB+ RPXN 25 RxXBP NxP+
1 P-K4 P-QB3 2 P-Q4 P-Q4 3 N-QB3 -26 K-N2 N X BP 27 R/1-Q7 1-0
PxP 4 NxP N-Q2 5 B-OB4 KN-B3
6 N-N5 P-K3 7 Q-K2 N-N3 8 B-Q3 Kottnauer (England) —
P-KR3 9 N/5-B3 N/N3-Q4 10 P-QR3 Diickstein (Austria)
P-B4 11 PxP BxP 12 N-K5 0-0 13 Bogoljubow
N/1-B3 P-QN3 14 0-0 B-N2 15 P-B4 1 P-Q4 P-K3 2 P-QB4 N-KB3 3
N-K2 16 P-ON4 B-Q3 17 B-N2 N-KB3 B-N5+ 4 QN-Q2 P-B4 5 P-K3
Q-B2 18 QR-B1 QR-B1 19 KR-K1 P- 0-0 6 P-QOR3 BxN+ 7 QxB P-QN3
QR4 20 P-N5 N-Q2 21 NxNQxN 22 8 B-Q3 B-N2 9 0-0 N-K5 10 Q-B2
N-K5 Q-K1(59) 23 N-N4! R-B4 24 P-B4 11 P-ON4 N-N4 12 NxN QxN
pepe 13 P-B3 N-B3 14 NPxP PxP 15 R-NI
QR-N1 16 P-Q5 N-K2 17 P-K4 P-B5
18 Q-R4 Q-K4 19 B-N2 Q-B2 20 B-B3
B-R1 21 KR-Ql P-KR3 22 Q-R6
PxP 23 BPXP RXR 24 RXR R-NI
Co)
25 P-Q6 1-0
UhlImann (E. Germany) -—
B. Andersen (Denmark)
Queen’s Indian
uexaxntd
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-K3 3
B-O4 —— 25 BxR BxB. 26 B-N1 N-KB3 P-QN3 4 N-B3 B-N5 5 Q-B2
Bx NP 27 R-B3! N-B4 28 BXN PxB B-N2 6 B-N5 P-KR3 7 B-R4 P-Q3??
29NxP+ PxN 30 R-KN3+ K-R2 31 8 Q-R4-++ N-B3 9 P-Q5 1-0
Q-K5! 1-0 The shortest game in this Olympiad.
 Olympiad, Havana, 1966 89

17 Olympiad, Havana
October 25—November 20, 1966

The Olympiad in Havana surpassed all others in pomp and grandeur.

Never before had so much money gone into a chess event, never before
had a chess competition assumed such dimensions. The Olympiad
took on national importance. Given its struggle against blockade and
isolation, the Olympiad was not an ordinary event for the Cubans, but
rather a chance to establish broad ties with the entire world.
Premier Castro came in person to the Havana Libre Hotel, and
played games against Petrosian, Fischer and others. He was also in the
Olympiad’s Organizing Committee, together with many members of
the government.
Thousands of people were engaged in the organization of this event.
A one-year course was even given for 226 persons training to be referees,
controllers, staticians, etc. The entire information media were placed at
the service of the Olympiad and the FIDE Congress. A giant electronic
demonstration board was built in the centre of town, near the hotel,
showing the most interesting games of the day.
This huge organization provided 150 cars for the guests, so that each
team had a chauffeur and car. Superlatives will be used in describing this
organization for a long time to come!
The most important aspect of the record participation of 52 countries
(out of 68 FIDE-members) was that the Cuban organization paid air
travel expenses for all the teams. ‘There was certain speculation prior to
the opening of the Olympiad concerning the participation of the
American team, as Bobby Fischer had been refused a State Department
visa for travel to Cuba a year earlier, and had played his games at the
Capablanca Memorial ‘Tournament by cable.
The American team, with Fischer, R. Byrne, Benko, Evans, Addison
and Rossolimo, did, however, arrive in the Cuban capital by taking a
‘round-about’ route via Mexico.
The preliminaries were played in seven sections, with the top two
teams qualifying for the Final Group A. The one surprise was the suc-
cess of the Cuban team, which succeeded in qualifying for the finals
and in eliminating the Netherlands and Belgium.
Confusion marked the second round of the finals (Saturday, Novem-
ber 5th) and the match between the Soviet Union and the United
90 The Chess Olympiads

States. The captain of the American team, D. Byrne, asked for a two
hour delay in the Petrosian-Fischer game, as the American Grand-
master does not play on Saturdays until sunset. The Soviet chess
officials, however, refused to postpone the game from 4.00 p.m. to
6.00 p.m. The American team decided to forfeit all four games without
play! Petrosian and the others waited in vain for their opponents for
one hour. The match was then formally over, but behind the scenes
there was great activity, with a heavy exchange of telegrams, especially
with the President of FIDE, Mr Rogard in Stockholm. ‘The Americans
stressed that prior to their arrival in Havana they had been promised
compliance with Fischer’s request not to play from Friday sunset to
Saturday sunset.
But diplomacy succeeded. The Soviets agreed to play the match ona
free day, November 14. This important match ended in the victory of
the Soviet team, 24-14. The game between World Champion Petrosian
and Fischer never took place, for this time Spassky was playing at top
board. Fischer had the better position against Spassky, but the game
still ended in a draw. Tal defeated Byrne. The Stein-Benko and Polu-
gaevsky-Evans games were drawn.
The Soviet team (Petrosian, Spassky, Tal, Stein, Korchnoi and
Polugaevsky) won by a landslide. ‘The rejuvenated team did not include
Botvinnik, Smyslov, Keres . . . In the finals they drew only one match,
against Hungary and lost only one game — Stein-Bilek! At top board
Petrosian had the best official result — 88:5%, 114 points out of 13 games,
without defeat. Fischer compiled a higher number of points but
was just under Petrosian in terms of percentage — 88-2%, 15 points
out of 17 games. Fischer’s result, however, deserves greater praise, given
his opponents and the fact that in eight games Petrosian played White.
The fantastic Fischer lost only one game, against Gheorghiu, while
Petrosian remained undefeated.
In the finals Petrosian did not play against Pachman, Fischer,
Olafsson, Gheorghiu and Portisch. Fischer did not play Porath and
Portisch.
The American team repeated its success at the Leipzig Olympiad and
won the silver medal, losing only two matches, against the Soviet Union
and Yugoslavia.
Vying for third place were Hungary and Yugoslavia. Both teams
wound up with the same number of points, with the same number of
match points and with a draw in their own match. The Sonnenborn-
Berger system had to be used to calculate the winner of the bronze
 Olympiad, Havana, 1966 91

medal. The referees decided that the medal should go to Hungary,

but their calculation was faulty! In fact, their calculations did not take
into account the fact that Yugoslavia, for example, had defeated East
Germany 3-1, while Hungary had defeated East Germany by a score of
only 24-14. At the next Congress in Venice, 1967, an official FIDE
interpretation was given of how to apply and calculate the Sonnen-
bor-Berger system for team competition. According to this interpreta-
tion, Yugoslavia should have won the bronze medal in Havana! It is
interesting to note that FIDE never corrected the referee’s error with
respect to the Yugoslav team. The Yugoslavs had never even thought of
taking back the medal from the Hungarians, but FIDE ought to have
made the appropriate gesture and given the bronze medal to Yugo-
slavia as well.
Fischer won the most games — 14 out of 17 at first board! He equalled
Flohr’s record, set at the 1930 Olympiad! Bobotsov and Boey (Belgium)
scored the most draws — 11 out of 17 each.
A simultaneous exhibition was held at the end of the Olympiad,
in the Square of the Revolution, using 6,480 boards — about 300 games
were not completed due to rain.

Preliminaries .
Section I ] 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 USSR <x 42% (34 (484 134 ; 34 2 4 4 244
2 Spain it tk 8 2 3 4 3 4 203
3 Switzerland + ] x A OU2E Sm BP 99 SE 8 Aor Bt
4 Sweden $ 2 0 ee eS 4 153
5 Philippines 3 Nt 1% old «SX 6,26 » 2h 0, 4 peilSh
6 Uruguay 4 0 he 2H1S KS 2 eh 9
7 Monaco 0 ] $ l 1% {2 ser TS 74
8 Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0 4+ 2 xX 3

Section 2 ] M 3 4 5 6 7
1 Yugoslavia *~ i St © BF 134 055 4 » 3hiae 2)
2 Iceland $ ns bo OM8k 8 4b © 3h Shea l34
3 Indonesia é 3 veg, 1% ehh.” *s 2 34 124
4 Austria 4 Soe ee eR Done le ae ee
5 Turkey pees ana ees l hee aA EPL NIG B
6 Mongolia 0 $ PSTAE ee end © DW eo ears 9
7 Mexico 4 $ 4 0 Pa RR wayne, 5
92 The Chess Olympiads

Section 3
1 USA
2 Norway
3 Poland
4 Israel
5 Ecuador
6 Portugal
7 Bolivia —-
xX
OO
WO
N
Or
— oRa
Por
NX

Section 4
1 Argentina
2 Denmark
3 England No
9_
No
4 France
5 Ireland
6 Chile
7 South Africa OS
oo DN
NK
ym
NX
NOF
SOmm
eK

Section 5
1 Czechoslovakia
2 E. Germany
3 Canada
4 Scotland
5 Italy
6 Luxembourg
7 Cyprus &SO00OeFNX
CO
xX
Gy
Onwrr
NN X Mae
WP
pena
LYS
aaa
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mx
YENXKoOPork
Kons
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PORE
OK

Section 6
1 Hungary 1S)

2 Cuba
3 Holland
4 Belgium
5 Venezuela
6 Tunisia 1S)
—

7 Panama
8 Lebanon wr GNX
WK
OO COON
ON xX
eH
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Final B
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Israel
6 S gg GE OTH

26 France
eur

16 Poland
Section 7

Austria
Greece
> ey Ss

24 Sweden
23 Canada
Finland
Paea@

15 Holland

25 Belgium
Finland

21 England

28 Scotland
2 Bulgaria
ae a es OO a ‘a

Morocco

22 Colombia

27 Indonesia
1 Romania
> «

Colombia
S

8 Nicaragua

Switzerland
>
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Puerto Rico
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Olympiad, Havana, 1966

es Sta DAOMMAAMAANNANAA
AtNMORDARNEODRAtTN
93

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Se
94 The Chess Olympiads

Final C 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
29 Italy 4 24 24 34 24 24 3 24
30 Mongolia 3 3414 2 3 3 3 24
31 Philippines 2) Do At ee ae Oe as
32 Greece x 24 2 2 24 24 24 3
33 Uruguay lke x 33°3 392 23 2
34 Tunisia 2 4 xX 2 2h 24 23 24
35 Turkey 2 OL 2 pelea iS
36 Venezuela lial 124 x2 2 2
37 Portugal 1, 2 1413 2 x 1} 24
38 Chile 14 1414 3 2 24 x 4
39 Ecuador 1 2 14 1 2 14 34 x
40 Ireland 24°2 2) LA bea w9
69
pg
no
Oo
0mt
41 Puerto Rico 4 2 1414 2 1 24 13
42 Luxembourg XB Re
ng
Ree
wx
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— Nig
Cae
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CN
Ome onPRrnSa
VRP
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Final D 46 47 48 49 50 51
43 South Africa 5.M 42 27 24 44 <4
44 Mexico 2 Se Sen. By 3 42k SE
45 Bolivia 24 2 2 34 34 24
46 Monaco Kfee Be 5 oS 528
47 Morocco 24:x> 3 2% 24 3
48 Nicaragua 2 ECS KY 2s
49 Panama 1 14 2 x 3) 2%
50 Lebanon l-ele 24 ¢ «x 2
51 Cyprus 146 e041 14 22 x
52 Hong Kong Nnoee
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Individual Results

Board I Ivkov sg 8 66-7

Petrosian USSR 10 88-5 Spassky USSR 5 66-7
Fischer USA 14 88-2 Kroon SA 7 66-7
Uhlmann DDR 9 72:2
Ojanen SF 10 72-2 Board3
Portish H 8 71-9 Tal USSR II 92-3
Bouwmeester NL 7 — 70-5 Balinas PI 13 77°5
Yanofsky* CDN 3 70-0 Bilek H 8 76-7
Bednarski PL 8 66-7 Zuidema NL 9 75-0
Gheorghiu R 9 “She
WO
@©ND
OID
©
=
KH
NO
Om
Oo 65-8 Zichichi I 9 735
Tringov* BG 5 70-0
Board 2 Kostro PL 6 67-9
Panno Arg 10 77°8 Hartston Eng 6 Oh
rhNAN
Onrt
KD
>tt
©— 66-7
Szabo H 7 733
Westerinen SF 12 72:5 Board4
Doda PL 8 69-2 Langeweg NL 10 80-0
Hort Cz 8 67-6 Matanovié Y 7 “>
=—
Co 75-0
 Olympiad, Havana, 1966 95
Stein* USSR 7 41 9 75:0 23 RXN R-KBI 24 Q-K5 B-N3 25
Sanguinetti Arg 9 4211 73:3 R-Ql Q-KB2 26 R-Q2 N-B5 27
Kavalek Cz 7 90114 71-9 P-ON4 P-KR3 28 P-OR4 B-R2 29
Evans USA 6 90 104 70-0 Q-04 P-ON3 30 R-K1 Q-B2 31 Q-K3
P-B4 32 PxP PxP 33 P-N3 N-O6 34
Ist Reserve BxN PxB 35 Q-K6+? Q-B2 36
Aloni* IL HN A A 9 QxQ+ KxQ 37 R-N2 P-B5 38
Korchnoi USSR 9 31 104 80-8 P-B3 P-Q5! 39 R-QBI K-K3 40 K-B2
Matulovié Y DG. Cel Ze yo B-K5 41 P-B4 R-KI! 42 P-N4 B-B3
43 R-K1+ K-O4 44 RXR BXR 45
2nd Reserve PxP P-B6 46 R-N8 P-Q7 47 R-Q8+
Barczay (et i) 2 OL. Obs K-B5 48 R-B8+ K-Q6 0-1
Polugaevsky USSR 8 6011 78-6
Ciric* ng 8 00 8 100-0 Pomar (Spain) —
M. Johansson (Sweden)
Fischer (USA) - Portisch (Hungary)
Nimzo-Indian
Ruy Lopez
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-OB4 P-K3 3
1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 B-N5 N-QB3 B-N5 4 P-K3 0-0 5 B-Q3 P-Q4
P-OR3 4 BXN QPxB 5 0-0 P-B3 6 6 N-B3 P-B4 7 P-OR3 BXN-+ 8 PxB
P-O4 PxP 7 NxP P-QB4 8 N-N3 Q-B2 9 Q-B2 QPxP 10 BxBP PxP
QxQ9RxQ B-Q3 10 N-R5! P-QN4 11 BPxP P-QN3 12 Q-Q3 B-N2
11 P-QB4 N-K2 12 B-K3 P-B4 13 13 B-Q2 R-Bl 14 R-QBI B-K5 15
N-B3 P-B5 14 P-K5! Bx P 15 BX QBP Q-K2 Q-N2 16 0-0 P-OR3 17 N-N5!
BXN 16 PxB N-N3 17 N-B6 B-K3 18 BxP 18 BxKP! BxR(60) 19 ita
PxP PxP 19 N-R7 R-ONI 20
R/QI-N1 K-B2 21 NxP KR-Q1 22
R-N4 BxP 23 NxP R/NI-Bl 24
tA a4.
P-R4! R-Q7 25 B-N6 P-B6?! (25...
P-R4!?) 26 B-K3 R-K7 27 N-NS5
R-QR1 28 P-R5 N-K4 29 R-KB4+
_" On‘a=
K-K2 30 R-QI R-K1 31 R-K4 K-B3 2, i 4
32 R-Q6+ K-B4 33 R-KB4+ K-N4 wa
34 RX P+ 1-0
a Oy Y
Larsen (Denmark) —
Petrosian (USSR)
French
B-N7 20 0xQ BxQ 21 BXR B-Q4 22
1 P-K4 P-K3 2 N-KB3 P-04 3 N-B3 P-K4! NxP 23 NxN BXN 24 R-Kl
N-KB3 4 PxP PxP 5 P-Q4 P-B3 P_B4 25 B-K6+! K-R1 26 BxP B-B3
6 B-Q3 B-Q3 7 0-0 0-0 8 N-K2 R-K1 27 P-Q5 1-0
9 N-N3 QN-Q2 10 N-B5 N-BI 11
NxB QxXN 12 N-K5 N/3-Q2 13 B-Q2 Calvo (Spain) - Korchnoi (USSR)
P-B3 14 Q-R5! RxN! 15 PxR PxP Sicilian
16 KR-K1 P-K5! 17 B-KB1 N-B3 18
Q-R4 B-B4 19 Q-N3 Q-K2 20 P-QB3 1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 P-K3 3 P-Q4
N-K3 21 B-K3 N-N5 22 P-KR3 NxB PxP 4 NxP P-QR3 5 B-Q3 B-B4 6
96 The Chess Olympiads

N-N3 B-R2 7 P-QB4 N-QB3 8 0-0 6 N-Q6 mate! The shortest game of the
Q-R5? 9 N/I-Q2 KN-K2 10 P-B5 Olympiad.
N-K4 11 B-K2 P-QN3 12 P-B4 N/4-B3
13 N-B4 PxP 14 P-N3 Q-R3 15 P-B5 Fischer (USA) - Bednarski (Poland)
Q-B3 16 PxP QxKP 17 N-Q6+ Sicilian
K-B1 18 B-QB4 1-0 1 P-~K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 P-Q3 3 P-Q4
PxP 4NxP N-KB3 5 N-QB3 P-QR3
Pachman (Czechoslovakia) —
6 B-QB4 P-K3 7 B-N3 QN-Q2 8
UhImann (E. Germany)
P-B4! N-B4 9 P-B5! N/3xP 10 PxP!
Griinfeld Q-R5+?(10...PxP) 11P-N3NxNP
12 N-B3 Q-R4 13 PxP+ K-QI1 14
1 P-QO4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-KN3 3 R-KNI N-B4 15 N-Q5! QxBP 16
N-QB3 P-Q4 4 PxP NxP 5 P-K4 B-N5+ K-K1 17 Q-K2+! B-K3 18
NxN 6 PXN B-N2 7 B-QB4 0-0 8 N-B4 K-Q2 19 0-0-0 Q-K1 20 Bx B+
N-K2 N-B3 9 0-0 P-N3 10 B-K3 B-N2 N XB 21 Q-K4! P-KN3 22 NxN 1-0
11 R-Bl P-K3 12 B-Q3 Q-Q2 13 Q-Q2
N-R4 14 P-QB4 P-KB4 15 P-B3 N-B3 Hartston (England) — Ducic (France)
16 B-N1 N-R4 17 KR-QI Q-R5 18
N-B3 Q-Q2 19 N-K2 Q-R5 20 N-B4 Caro Kann
NxP 21 RXN QxR/5 22 R-QBI 1 P-K4 P-QB3 2 P-Q4 P-Q4 3 N-OQB3
Q-R5 23 NxKP R-B2 24 NxBKxN PxP 4 NxP N-Q2 5 B-QB4 KN-B3
25 PxP PxP 26 B-B4 P-KR3 27 6 N-N5 P-K3 7 Q-K2 N-N3 8 B-Q3
B-K5+ K-N3 28 Q-B4 B-B1 29 P-N4 P-KR3 9 N/5-B3 P-B4 10 PXPBxP 11
P-KR4 30 PxBP-+ BxP 31 Q-N3+ N-K5 P-R3 12 N/1-B3 N/N3-Q4 13
1-0 P-OR3 P-QN4 14 B-Q2 Q-K2 15 0-0
0-0 16 P-B4 PxP 17 NxQBP R-K1
Kostjoerin (Monaco) — 18 N/3-K5 Q-R2 19 Q-B3 K-B1 20
Lantsias (Cyprus) P-ON4 B-K2 21 Q-R3 K-NI1 22
Caro Kann
QR-Q1 B-B1 23 Q-N3 K-R1 24 B-K3
NxB 25 PXN Q-N2 26 N-R5 Q-R2
1 P-K4 P-QB3 2 P-Q4 P-Q4 3 N-QB3 27 N/R5-B6 Q-N2 28 B-N1 R-K2 29
PxP 4NxP N-Q2 5 Q-K2 KN-B3?? NxR QXxN 30 B-N6 1-0

18 Olympiad, Lugano
October 17—November 7, 1968

Dissatisfied with the uncomfortable hall and other conditions, Fischer

refused to play and left Lugano, thus creating a storm before the actual
opening of the Olympiad. Many recalled that a few months earlier,
the American grandmaster had marched out of the Interzonal tourna-
ment in Sousse, although he had been in the lead. Many agreed that the
hall in Lugano really was cramped and without enough light.
The preliminaries were divided into 7 sections. ‘There were 53 teams
from all the continents. For the first time, there was a ruling that the
 Olympiad, Lugano, 1968 97

result in the preliminaries would be counted in the finals, i.e. that

teams who had played each other in the preliminaries would not do so
again in the finals. The American team was handicapped, for it had lost
to Denmark in the preliminaries 24—14, and this defeat was counted in
Final Group A.
The first preliminary group witnessed an upset, as the Philippines
overtook England and Israel. The Philippino Castro succeeded, in the
decisive game, in drawing with Keene on the 109th move. Penrose once
again shone in the English team, and remained undefeated at top board
with 83-5%. ‘The Canadian team repeated its success of 1964 in quali-
fying for the A-Final.
The Soviet Union played better than ever before; with an 84 point
advantage (82-2%), and not a single game lost! The Soviets drew only
against Canada and West Germany, winning all their other matches.
Petrosian was the best at top board (104 points out of 12 games), while
Spassky had 9/12, Korchnoi 11/13, Geller 94/12, Polugaevsky 104/13
and Smyslov 11/12. Smyslov even recorded nine consecutive wins!
However, at the same Olympiad, The Australian Terry Shaw scored
10 consecutive wins in Final C.
Yugoslavia won the silver medal, but this time their main rivals were
Bulgaria. For the first time, Bulgaria reached the heights and won an
Olympic medal. Playing without Fischer, but with strong players in
Reshevsky, Benko, Lombardy and the Byrne brothers, the Americans
failed and once again suffered disaster at the hands of the Soviet Union
— 34-4. A curious point was the American draw with the Philippines,
the first East Asian team in the history of the Olympiads to qualify for
the A-Final.
Andorra, for their part, lost all 28 games in the preliminaries, thus
scoring an unusual result.
France’s failure and the good start shown by ‘new-comer’ Singapore
were also of note.
Durao recorded the greatest number of wins — 12 (out of 18), and
Gheorghiu the greatest number of draws — 14 (out of 17).
98 The Chess Olympiads

Preliminaries

Section I
1 USSR
2 Philippines
3 England
4 Israel
5 Italy
6 Portugal
7 Mexico
8 Cyprus Orr
OS
Om
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1 Denmark ND
2 USA — tS
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3 Mongolia Nwe
4 Austria
5 Australia —
Dole
bof
6 Venezuela
7 France Dole
Bolt SI
vp
rp
09
NO
ws
OX

Section 3
1 Yugoslavia
2 Poland
3 Spain
4 Scotland
5 South Africa
6 Luxembourg
7 Dominican Rep ee
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OD 2
fx
OO eu
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KPonPrQ
Vere
Pwwon
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Section 4
1 Hungary OO
2 Canada
3 Holland
4 Belgium a
5 Monaco —
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6 Ireland
7 Paraguay
8 Costa Rica XK
Ge
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 Olympiad, Lugano, 1968 99
7
Section 5 M) 6
1 W. Germany 33 22
2 Romania 23 20
3 Switzerland 3 18
4 Brazil 33 17
5 Norway — 15
6 Puerto Rico 11
7 Hong Kong 63
8 Lebanon XK
SHEN
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Section 6
1 Argentina Nore
2 E. Germany
3 Finland
4 Sweden
5 Greece
6 Morocco
7 Virgin Islands ere
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Section 7
1 Bulgaria
2 Czechoslovakia
3 Iceland
4 Cuba
5 Tunisia
6 Turkey
7 Singapore
8 Andorra oP
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 Olympiad, Lugano, 1968 101

Final D 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53
43 Singapore See ce mee Breen Meh 37
44 France Ar3 Se BE SF St 4 30
45 Paraguay Ze EE AAS Sarai 4h Se 27e
46 Mexico x 24 14 2 3h 24 3 3h 234
47 Dominican Rep a tx 3 3 14 34 33 4 233
48 Hong Kong Dasa box 6 Bhe' 34 2h. p21 4) 222
49 Costa Rica 2 lew Bes wo2be pS, 2 ee 1h
50 Lebanon peo2e. Ly dd xe 24.03 weld 136
51 Cyprus Mwee DbrZ veld xX $926.1 13
52 Virgin Islands Lee de 2 yeley cle She. eee wld
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Individual Results Keene Eng 8013 765

Board 1
Zwaig N TPw2'3.12 *-75-0
Bouwmeester NL 6 8010 71-4
Petrosian USSR 9 87:5
Penrose Eng 10 83-3
Ist Reserve
Johannessen N 8 76-9
Polugaevsky USSR 8 50 104 80:8
Portisch H 8 73-3
Radulov BG 8 5 1 103 75-0
Tan Lian AnnSing 8 67-9
Barcza H 7 70 104 75-0
Mecking BR 7 67-6
Liebert DDR 6 60 9 75-0
Bobotsov BG 6 —" 64-7
Kuijpers NL 4 50 64 72-2
Hort Cz 7 64:7
Gligorié ¥ 5 oC
SM 63-3
SOoOowow”
RD
m—
OO
CO
O=
2nd Reserve
Smyslov USSR10 2011 91-7
Board 2
Shaw Aus 11 2112 85-7
Tringov BG 8 78-6 Badilles HK 9 50114 82:1
Schmid BRD 6 9, ° 75-0 Prins NL a a oie2 ny de 6
Spassky USSR 6 71-4 D. Byrne USA 7 41 9 75-0
Suttles CDN 7 67-6 de Lange N PTZ see oO
Medina E 8 65-6
Ivkov Y ) NO 8 Donner (Holland) —
Siaperas GR 7 DH
O&O
HO
Om
CO
m OO
OC
©
=
OF
Om 9 64-8 Portisch (Hungary)

Board 3 King’s Indian

Korchnoi USSR 9 84-6 1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-KN3 3
Kraidman IL 9 78-6 N-QB3 B-N2 4 P-K4 P-Q3 5 B-K2 0-0
Huguet F 9 76-9 6 B-N5 P-B4 7 P-Q5 P-K3 8 N-B3
Zichichi I 9 75:0 P-KR3 9 B-K3 Px P 10 BPx PP-QN4!
Darga BRD 6 9: 73-0 11 BxNP NxKP 12 NxN Q-R4+4 13
Riego Par 10 73°3 N-B3? Bx N+ 14 PxB QxB 15 Q-N3
Durao P 12 & bh
OOO
KN
©
NON=
ADHN 72:2 B-R3 16 QxQ BxQ 17 N-Q2 B-O6
18 BXRP R-K1+ 19 K-Q1 N-Q2 20
Board 4 R-QB1 N-N3 21 R-KI RxR+ 22
Kagan IL 9 103 80-8 KxR R-Kl+ 23 B-K3 P-B4! 24
Geller USSR 7 69
oi Co
= 94 79-2 N-B3 P-KB5! 25 K-Q2 P-B5! 26 BXN
102 The Chess Olympiads
R-K7+ 27 K-Q1 PxB 28 R-NI Rx BP 1 i x
29 RxP RXNP 30 K-K1 R-K7+ 31 . Yi 4 ~ all 2 Yj

K-Q1I RX QRP 32 K-K1 R-K7+ 33 K- da a WE

Ql R-KB7 34 N-N5 P-B6! 35 P-R4
R-KN7 36 R-N8+ K-N2 37 R-N7+
K-B1! 0-1

Mecking (Brazil) —
Unzicker (W. Germany)
. Renee.
Ruy Lopez WA AY Ye {mA

1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 B-N5 RxBP 35 Q-Q4 Q-R4 36 QxP+

P-OR3 4 BXN QPxB 5 0-0 P-B3 6 K-R2 37 QxR RxP+! 38 PxR
P-Q4 B-KN5 7 P-B3 B-Q3 8 B-K3 Qx P+ 39 Q-R2 N-B7 mate.
N-K2 9 QN-Q2 Q-B1 10 N-B4 0-0 11
PxPBxP 12 N/4xB PXN 13 Q-N3+ Reshevsky (USA) — Larsen (Denmark)
B-K3 14 Q-N4 N-N3 15 N-N5 P-OR4
16 Q-R4 P-R3 17 NxB QxN 18 Nimzo-Indian
Q-N3 QxQ 19 PxQ P-N3 20 P-N3 1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-K3 3
K-B2 21 R-R4 P-B4 22 R/I-R1 QR-Bl N-QB3 B-N5 4 P-K3 0-0 5 B-Q3 P-B4
23 P-QN4 RPxP 24 PxP PxP 25 6 N-B3 P-Q4 7 0-0 QPxP 8 BxBP
RxP N-K2 26 R-B4 K-K3 27 P-OQN4 N-B3 9 P-QR3 B-R4 10 Q-Q3 P-QR3
P-QN4 28 R-B5 P-B3 29 R-R6 R-QRI 11 R-Q1 P-QN4 12 B-R2 P-B5 13
30 R-N6 R/B1-Q1 31 R/5x NP R-R8+ Q-K2 Q-K1 14 P-KR3 P-K4 15 P-Q5
32 K-N2 P-N4 33 P-R3 R/1-Q8 34 N-Q1 16 P-K4 N-N2 17 B-N1 N-Q2
R-B5 R-R7 35 R-B3 K-B2 36 R-N7 18 B-B2 N-Q3 19 N-QR2 N-QB4 20
K-K3 37 B-B5 1-0 B-Q2 BxB 21 NxB B-Q2 22 P-ON4
Px Pep 23 NxP NxN 24 BXN Q-K2
Larsen (Denmark) - 25 QR-Bl KR-QBI 26 N-N4? BxP!
Najdorf (Argentina) 27 Q-K3 B-Q2 28 N-B6 Q-B3 29 P-B3
P-KR4 30 R-B3 P-R5 31 R/I-QBI
Nimzowitsch-Larsen P-N4 32 N-R7 RxR 33 RxR N-K1
1 P-QN3 P-QB4 2 B-N2 P-K3 3 P-KB4 34 N-B6 K-N2 35 R-B2 R-Bl 36 Q-B3
P-Q4 4 P-K3 N-KB3 5 N-KB3 B-K2 R-B2 37 K-R1 K-R2 38 Q-K3 P-KN5
6 B-N5+ B-Q2 7 P-QR4 0-0 8 0-0 39 PxP Q-B8+ 40 K-R2 N-B3 41
N-B3 9 Q-K2 P-QR3 10 B/J5xN BxB NxP RxR 42 BXR Q-QR8! 0-1
11 N-K5 R-B1 12 P-R5 N-Q2 13NxB
RXN 14 P-Q3 P-B5! 15 NPxP PxP Gibbs (Hong Kong) -—
16 P-Q4 N-B3 17 P-B3 P-QN4! 18 Schmid (W. Germany)
Px Pep QxNP 19 B-R3 BXB20 RXB Alekhine
N-Q4 21 R-K1 Q-N2 22 Q-QB2 R-N3
23 N-Q2 R-N7 24 Q-B1 R-N1 25 R-R5 1 P-K4 N-KB3 2 N-QB3 P-Q4 3 PxP
P-B4 26 P-R3 P-R3 27 K-R1 N-B3 NxP 4 KN-K2 N-QB3 5 P-KN3?
28 R-K5 R-R7! 29 R-N1 Q-KB2(6/) B-N5 6 B-N2 N-Q5! 7 BxN? QxB!
30 P-K4 R/I-N7 31 NxP R-QB7 32 8 P-B3 QxBP 9 R-B1 Q-N7 0-1 The
Q-K3 NxP 33 P-Q5 PxP 34 N-N6 shortest decisive game of the Olympiad.
 Olympiad, Siegen, 1970 103

Siaperas (Greece) ~ Ciocaltea (Romania) —

Heyns (South Africa) Tringov (Bulgaria)
French Pirc
1 P-K4 P-K3 2 P-Q4 P-Q4 3 N-Q2 1 P~K4 P-Q3 2 P-Q4 N-KB3 3 N-QB3
N-KB3 4 P-K5 KN-Q2 5 B-Q3 P-QB4 P-KN3 4 P-B4 B-N2 5 N-B3 0-0 6
6 P-QB3 N-QB3 7 N-K2 Q-N3 8 N-B3 B-Q3 QN-Q2 7 P-K5 N-KI1 8 P-KR4
PxP 9 PxP P-B3 10 PXP NxBP 11 PxP 9 BPxP P-QB4 10 P-R5 BPxP
0-0 B-Q3 12 N-B3 0-0 13 B-K3 B-Q2 11 PxP RPXP 12 P-K6 PxN 13
14 N-QR4 Q-Q1 15 R-BI1 P-K4 16 KPxP+ RxP 14 BxP PxP 15
RXN BxR 17 PxP Q-KI1 18 PxXN BxR+ K-BI! 16 BxP Q-R4+! 17
BXN 19 P-QN3 B-Q2 20 PxPK xP 21 P-B3 K xB 18 Q-N3+ K-BI 19 0-0-0
Q-RI+ K-N1 22 B-KR6 R-B2 23 N-B4 20 Q-N4 Q-B2! 21 R-R5! P-N3
N-N5 B-K4 24 Q-N1 R-B3 25 Bx P+ 22 Q-KR4 N-B3 23 N-K5 NxR 24
K-RI 26 R-K1 RXB 27 RXB Q-R4 QxN BXxN 25 R-BI+ B-B5+ 26
28 R-K8-+! 1-0 K-B2 P-K4 27 P-B4 Q-B2! 0-1

19 Olympiad, Stegen
September 5-27, 1970
The Olympiad in Siegen demonstrated that FIDE had become a
universal world organization, similar to the United Nations. A record
of 74 countries had inscribed to take part, but, unfortunately the
organizers had to reject applications which exceeded the deadline, so
that a total of 60 teams took part. Some teams, (like the French,
Ecuadorian and Venezuelan) had to return home although they had
already arrived in Siegen. Some new countries were represented in
Siegen like Japan, New Zealand, Rhodesia, Guernsey, and the Faroe
Islands.
The grand ‘Siegerlandhalle’ tournament hall in the small West
German town of Siegen was most impressive. But many will never
forget the original closing banquet . . . It was not simple in this small
town, with a population of 60,000, to settle the accommodation of so
many teams, so that some were given hotels far from the town. Com-
puters were used for the first time at the chess Olympiads for handling
certain matters, including production of the tournament bulletin.
Sixty teams offered an ideal number for arranging them into six
preliminary sections of 10 teams each. As in Lugano, games and
matches between teams in the preliminaries were not repeated in the
finals, and in their stead the preliminary result was counted. Hence,
the American team, which was playing in full force, with both Fischer
and Reshevsky for the first time, once again reached the finals with an
unpleasant backlog — a defeat at the hands of East Germany. This was
104 The Chess Olympiads

the greatest upset, with East Germany placing ahead of the United
States in the third group, with a two point advantage. Surprise was
imminent in the fourth group as well; the Hungarians barely extracted
a draw from their match against the Philippines and almost found
themselves edged out of Final Group A by the Danes. Canada reaffirm-
ed the progress they had made. England placed as low as Consolation
Group C, but Hartston recorded the best result on third board!
It should also be noted, when speaking of the preliminaries, that in
the sixth group Albania refused to play against South Africa and thus
had a 4—0 score against them. Albania had the misfortune of having
this result registered in Final Group D as well.
The Soviet Union again won the gold medal, but never had the
Soviet ‘chess machine’ displayed so little sureness and drive. It drew
six matches and recorded only 62:5% of possible points in the finals.
The rejuvenated Hungarian team trailed the winners by only one
point. Third placed Yugoslavia were even better than the Soviet Union
in terms of match points. The Yugoslavs drew three matches and won
all the others by a minimum result.
Once again the Americans returned home without a medal, although,
given the illustrious names of their players, they could have hoped for a
better result — but Fischer and Reshevsky did not play three matches
for religious reasons. Still, the match between the Soviet Union and the
United States was one of the central matches, and the duel between
Fischer and Spassky the greatest attraction of the Olympiad. The
match ended in favour of the Soviet Union, precisely due to Spassky’s
victory over Fischer. The Americans had good opportunities in
adjourned games, but their analysis lacked precision. Geller drew with
Lombardy, while hard-driving Polugaevsky rescued a hopeless ending
against Evans.
This was the year of the ‘chess boom’ in the world, distinguished by a
large number of chess events and an increased interest in chess. There
was the Olympiad in Siegen, the match between the Soviet Union and
‘the World’ played at the beginning of the year in Belgrade, large
tournaments in Zagreb, Buenos Aires, Palma de Mallorca, etc. This
interest was to grow in the coming years, only to reach its climax in
1972 with the match in Reykjavik and the Olympiad in Skopje.
There are several interesting points to be noted about this Olympiad.
Korchnoi lost in the preliminaries to Diez del Corral of Spain because
he fell asleep and came to the game an hour late!
Grandmaster Hort unexpectedly lost to Tan of Singapore!
 Olympiad, Siegen, 1970 105
Again in the preliminaries, Penrose, boasting a better position,
overlooked the loss of a piece in his game against Ulvestad of Andorra,
and after his opponent duly responded, he fainted and needed medical
attention. Penrose did not play for the English team in the remaining
matches. This was the first time that England had been as low as
Group C. Austria and Switzerland also played poorly in the Olympiad.
Hungary came to the Olympiad with a young team and without
Szabo and Barcza. The Soviet team was one of the oldest, with an
average age of 40-5.
Gligorié celebrated a jubilee: his tenth Olympiad at top board for
the Yugoslav team.
Scherman of the Virgin Islands, at the age of 11, was the youngest
participant in the history of the Chess Olympiads.
Uitumen of Mongolia scored the most wins, 12 out of 18, and grand-
master Panno the most draws, 15 out of 19 games.

Preliminaries
Section I Reet Lo et eae Oe Fi 18 TE te 10
1 USSR eas eee et a) a a el
2 Spain |ibad bl PATS Saale PS:Sas @ I: a Re SS 8
3 Poland ORAS SS EsBa AW oP f RI RAR ENO: SaWNO
4 Australia oe ea eX ee ee a Cae ate 2
5 Tunisia Loe ec Rae: Me ey 2p a eS Rose 1G
6 Greece DRE ele oar Le 2k ed aN Le
7 Peru Wee Oe NAA 'e id oy pS RL ireSaas SAIN OF
Paberminican a. "Ora 0, Shoat FO. Td. 2 ox 2 Se 1)
weaeeeoe Isianas Oy 80, (0. 10 ola Te O° 2 Ix ra Bh
10 Monaco ree ee) hee MO RO REO eed
Section 2 bi 2. es 4 ea Ge 4h. 8 Galo
1 Yugoslavia x 26 3h 4A 26°34 3h 4 4:q4oe3l4
2 Canada Ie KO 2 RS ZRF 2d 3. eS hvandr i 25
3 Indonesia * 8 & db° 4 > Sk 2b 4 2hoodot 24
4 Mongolia Oe 2 24 XK 984, 2k BAO A 13h A 22
5 England bey a 8 2 Kir 2a Se 8 Seabee 214
6 Iran pap Lee ae Nh Fe 2 See || 4 meSER 1S
7 Switzerland Phe EE gs 2 Hs 28 2h 23 4 188
Beecceipourra is Ov uibe OO Sb aOe ide x 68 20. Be
9 Andorra DT A SE FER eT0 20d ies Cale ey A
10 Hong Kong Cee Me Lil oat) aoa.) Cp rer 72 oe Oe
106 The Chess Olympiads

Section 3 l
] E. Germany x
2 USA 13
$ Netherlands
4 Finland
5 Belgium
6 Brazil
7 Mexico ©

8 Japan iS%s)
—

9 Turkey
10 Virgin Islands OC
fm
Of
OO ND
YX
NY
Or
OO
Oe
0 X PP
OCONWXNWWEA
OR NON
he
wy
PSP
PN xX
OO
A
NYO
Ow eee
Pr
XO
Fre

Section 4
] Romania
2 Hungary
5 Denmark
4 Sweden
3 Philippines
6 Italy nN
—

} Ireland
8 Lebanon
a Morocco ©9
©o
9

]0 Guernsey OO’;
gee
xX
ND
Ger
N SCOmN
vy
EEX
Por XN
moe
PYnPEn praep
as
Slr
XVo

Section 5
Argentina
Czechoslovakia
Israel $9,569
Cuba
Norway
Scotland
Singapore X
mee
NNN
Portugal
Malta
WNRhodesia
—COCMUON
OUR 1} OXnwo
KF
we
x
SLED
SK
ownree
Sx
rw
PPOI
OX PLP
—-xX
ARO
Rvovnwo
Oa
Tor
mK
O
pp
 Olympiad, Siegen, 1970

Section 6 eee ONTO

1 W. Germany 4 34 3 34 4
2 Bulgaria 3 34 4 3h 4
3 Austria 4 14 14 24 3
4 Colombia SHiBh i 2 SELB
5 Iceland 224 © Sr aly 4
6 Puerto Rico K 24 24 3 SF
7 South Africa aR ORL I ee
8 Albania Ld 7 Ooy XX A 2h4 03
9 New Zealand Leeg2d? TN eRt uS
10 Cyprus NX
OM
ee
Oe
eh xX
Orr
Newey
NN
Onrk
= we
NO
Ng
eK
mothe
OO YEO. 1" RS oe

Finals
Final A Geo lOc alan te
1 USSR BY iy ona FES Sine
2 Hungary 23 2 3 2% 3 2%
3 Yugoslavia 24 24 24 24 2b 2h
4 USA 34 3 14 24 2 Qh
5 Czechoslovakia Ti 2a eed ok aeoe oes
6 W. Germany PEMEN 2. PS Si2t Fz
7 Bulgaria KP oe 2k Lt es
8 Argentina 14 x 2h 24 2b 3
9 E. Germany 20 le KP 2) Bo le
10 Romania 2b be? exe E2
11 Canada Des Al 523 P24 gx F828
12 Spain =NNN
NX
He a eh R28 2 Tala
BKMeNONNODXNHNNDL

Final B 19.20 21 122.0235 24

13 Israel 2 2ES AD Qt LETS
14 Poland 3th O 2 2k 3 2b
15 Australia 1 14 3 3h 23 3
16 Mongolia 358 |Se Ze 2h" 24
17 Sweden 2 i Se?) Sar Ze 2
18 Netherlands 2hine 2hwele wee 42
19 Denmark ies See ee Bea cae
20 Finland Leelee 2e7 od ore
21 Cuba leeeie, soe So ze 2
22 Austria Ne Om a eae sultibe
23 Colombia 1a Th te 2 2a x. ele
24 Indonesia xR
eRe
ae
SHEN4 2h 2 3 2k x
108 The Chess Olympiads
Final C
25 England
26 Philippines
27 Iceland §wx
o
28 Brazil
29 Norway oe
0
30 Italy
31 Greece
32 Iran
33 Belgium NO

34 Scotland we
pon
35 Tunisia
36 Puerto Rico OH
Og
ht

Final D
37 Switzerland
38 Albania
39 Peru
40 Singapore
41 Portugal
42 Ireland
43 South Africa
44 Mexico
45 Lebanon
46 Luxembourg
47 Japan
48 Dominican Rep. hr
ee
LB
x
RMN
Ome &
Pon
Vx
eee
FeePFeox
wenn
okt
NEP
Pon
wOeNWN™X

Final E
49 New Zealand OR
50 Rhodesia
51 Turkey
52 Malta
53 Hong Kong
54 Morocco
55 Faroe Islands
56 Andorra
57 Cyprus Ho
XK
wm
NNN oo
bot
vo
D
58 Virgin Islands
59 Guernsey
60 Monaco ye
re
NO
CO
XOP
ON
=e
= yp
aS
xX
on top
Othere F
AHQa
KHON Oq__N
gs
XN
wwnnwnw
Py
COwWNNWOX

Individual Results

Board 1 Larsen Dk ll 42 18
Spassky USSR 7 50 9b 79-2 Browne Aus 10 81 14
Fischer USA 8 4110 769 Kagan i 10 43 12 70-5
 Olympiad, Stegen, 1970 109

Rodriguez Peru 10 4312 70:5 NxN 6 PXN B-N2 7 B-QB4 P-QB4

Portisch H 7 8111 688 8 N-K2 N-B3 9 B-K3 0-0 10 0-0 Q-B2
Bouaziz Tun 8 8212 66:7 11 R-Bl R-QI 12 P-KR3 P-N3 13
Sarapu NZ 6 72 94 63:3 P-B4 P-K3 14 Q-K1 N-R4 15 B-Q3
P-B4! 16 P-N4! PXKP 17 Bx P B-N2
Board 2 18 N-N3 N-B5 19 BXB OxB 20 B-B2
Ivkov ™ 7 6010 769 Q-B3 21 Q-K2 PxP 22 PxP P-QN4
Uitumen Mon 12 3 3 134 75-0 23 N-K4! BxP?! (23... R-K1) 24
Schmid BRD. .7 :4.1 9 .75:0 N-N5 BxB+ 25 RXB R-Q3 26 R-K1
Torre PI 8 71 11% 71-9 Q-N3 27 N-K4 R-Q5 28 N-B6+K-RI
Jansson S 9 52 114. 71-9 29 QxP! R-Q3 30 Q-K4 R-KBI 31
Petrosian USSR 6 8010 71-4 P-N5 R-Q7 32 R/I-KB1 Q-B2? 33
Kraidman IL 6 90 103 68-7 RxR! NxR 34 Q-Q4! R-QI 35
Keene Eng 610011 68-7 N-Q5+ K-NI 36 R-B2 N-B5 37 R-K2
Ciocaltea R 8 92 124 65:8 R-Q3 38 R-K8+ K-B2 39 R-KB8+
Reshevsky USA 5 71 84 65:4 1-0
Board 3
Hartston Eng 11 3 2 124 78:1
Matulovié Y 10 6113 76:5 UhImann (E. Germany) -
Korchnoi USSR 8 6111 73-3 Fischer (USA)
Langeweg NL UR ES at @ GOREBBX
King’s Indian
Padevsky BG 7 6110 71-4
Darga BRD 6 51 8% 70-8
1 P-O4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-KN3 3
Adamski PL 7 32 8 708
Rodriguez PI 7 71 10$ 70:0
N-QB3 B-N2 4 P-K4 P-Q3 5 B-K2 0-0
6 B-N5 P-KR3 7 B-K3 P-B4 8 P-Q5
Board ¢ P-K3 9 Q-Q2 PxP 10 KPxP K-R2
Matanovi¢é Y 8 4010 83-3 11 P-KR3 N-R3 12 N-B3 B-B4 13
Polugaevsky USSR 8 4010 83:3 B-Q3 Q-O2! 140-0 KR-K1 15 KR-K1
Smejkal Cz 10 6113 76:55 N-QNS5 16 BXB QxB 17 P-R3 N-B7
Bachtiar RI = 10% 6.2) 13 ; 72-2 18 N-KR4 Q-R4 19 OxN QxN 20
Forintos H 9 52 lig 71-9 P-ON3 R-K4 21 R-K2 N-R4! 22
R/1-K1 P-B4 23 B-Q2 R/I-K124RxR
Ist Reserve BxR 25 N-N5(62) 25... P-R3! 26
Bouwmeester NL 5 20 6 85:7
Lombardy USA 10 2211 78-5
Csom H 8 51 104 75-0
%

Smyslov USSR 5 60 8 72-7

2nd Reserve
Minié x. 6 30 7} 83-3
Kolarov BG 6 11 64 81-2
Estimo PI 7 20 8 80:0

Spassky (USSR) - Fischer (USA)

Griinfeld

1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-KN3 3 NxP B-O5 27 NXR QxBP+ 28

N-QB3 P-Q4 4 PxP NxP 5 P-K4 K=R2 N-B529 BXN! QxR 30 Q-Bl
110 The Chess Olympiads

QxN 31 BxP Q-K5 32 B-B4 K-NI 16 P-O5 PxP 17 PxP BxB 18 QxB
33 Q-Bl K-B2 34 P-KR4 P-QN4 35 N-Q5 19 P-K3 N-B6+ 20 K-RI
B-N3 PxP 36 PxP B-B3 37 Q-B4! Q-K5 21 Q-K2 P-QR3 22 Q-Q3
QxQ 38 BxQ BxP 39 B-K3 B-K2 40 Q-KN5 23 N-K1 R-KI 24 NxN
K-N3 P-N4 41 K-B3 K-B3 42 B-Q2 QxN+ 25 K-NI R-K4 26 P-OR4
B-Q3 4-4 P-KR4 27 R-R2 P-KN4 28 Q-K2 P-N5
29 QxQ PxQ 30 R-B2 R-K5 31
Schmid (W. Germany) —- R-B4 P-B4 32 P-R3 K-B2 33 K-R2
Reshevsky (USA) P-N4 34 RXR PXR 35 R-QRI P-N5
Ruy Lopez 36 P-N4 P-R5 37 P-N5 R-QBI 0-1
1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 B-N5
Portisch (Hungary) — Fischer (USA)
P-QR3 4 B-R4 N-B3 5 0-0 B-K2 6
R-K1 P-QN4 7 B-N3 0-0 8 P-B3 P-Q3 Nimzo-Indian
9 P-KR3 B-N2 10 P-Q4 N-QR#4 11
B-B2 N-B5 12 P-QR4 NPxP? 13
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-K3 3 N-QB3
Q-K2 P-Q4 14 KPxP N-N3 15 PxP
B-N5 4 P-K3 P-ON3 5 KN-K2 B-R3
N/B3 xP 16 BXQRP NxB 17 RxXN
6 N-N3 BxN+ 7 PxB P-Q4 8 B-R3!
Q-Q2 18 R-KN4 KR-K1 19 QN-Q2
PxP 9 P-K4 Q-Q2 10 B-K2 N-B3 11
P-KB4 20 R-Q4 P-B4 21 R-Q3 Q-K3
Q-B2 0-0-0 12 0-0 P-R4 13 KR-Q1
22 N-Bl P-R3 23 N-N3 QR-QI 24
P-R5 14 N-Bl N-KR4? 15 P-O5 N-K4
R/3-Q1 N-N3 25 RXR RXR 26 Q-B2
16 PXP Q-KI 17 RxR+ QxR 18
R-KB1 27 Q-Q3 N-Q4 28 B-Q2?
BxN RxB 19 P-B4 N-Q6 20 PxP
N-N3 29 B-B1l P-QR4 30 N-R5 B-K5
P-B4 21 Q-K2 R-RI 22 P-K5 K-NI
31 Q-K2 Q-B5 32 N-B4Q xQ 33 RxQ
23 P-K6 Q-B3 24 R-KI B-N4(63) 25
Bx N? 34 P XB R-QI1 35 N-N6 R-Q8+ “y

36 K-N2 K-B2 37 NxB KxN 38

B-K3 R-Q4 39 P-N3 N-Q2 40 P-KB4
K-K3 41 R-R2 R-Q6 42 RxP RxP
43 R-R6+ K-K2 44 R-QB6 N-BI 45
Bx P+ K-B2 46 R-B7+ K-N3 47B-Q6
RxR 48 BXR N-K3 49 B-N6 Nx P+
50 K-N3 N-Q4 51 B-B5 K-B2 52 P-R4
P-—N4 53 P-N4 K-K3 54 B-Q6 N-B6 55
P-B3 N-K7-+ 56 K-B2 N-B5 57 P-N5
N-Q6+ 58 K-N3 NxP 59 BxN KXB
60 P-B4-+-! 1-0 Reshevsky’s only defeat
in this Olympiad.
BxP! PxB 26 — PR3 27 P_R4
Nx P 28 Q-B3? Nx KP 29QxQ PxQ
Filip (Czechoslovakia) — -
30 PxBPxP31RxP-+ K-B2 32 N-K3
Korchnoi (USSR)
R-KBI 33 R-R5 K-N2 34 NxP RxP
35 RxP NxR 36 N-Q6+ K-B3 37
Queen’s Indian NxR N-K5 38 N-R6 K-Q4 39 N-B5
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-K3 3 N-KB3 P-R6 }-}
P-QN3 4 P-KN3 B-N2 5 B-N2 B-K2 6
0-0 0-0 7 N-B3 N-K5 8 Q-B2 NxN Bednarski (Poland) — Geller (USSR)
9 QxN P-QB4 10 R-Q1 P-Q3 Il
Ruy Lopez
P-N3 B-KB3 12 B-N2 Q-K2 13 Q-Q2
R-Q!1 14 N-K!1 BxB 15 NxB N-B3 1 P~K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 B-N 5
 Olympiad, Siegen, 1970 111
P-OR3 4 BXN QPXB 5 0-0 P-B3 6 7
Y

P-Q4 B-KN5 7 PxP QxQ 8 RxQ

PxP 9 R-Q3 BXN 10 RXB N-B3 11
N-B3 B-N5 12 B-N5 0-0-0? 13 RxN
PxR 14 BxP BXN 15 PxB KR-BIl
16 BXR RxB 17 K-B1 R-Q7 18 R-BI
P-B4 19 K-K1 R-Q3 20 R-Ol R-ON3
21 R-Q5 R-N8+ 22 K-Q2 R-KB8 23
K-K2 R-B8 24 R-Q2 P-B5 25 P-B4!
PxP 26 P-K5 R-QN8 27 K-B3
R-KB8+ 28 K-N4 P-N4 29 P-K6
R-K8 30 K-B5 R-K6 31 K-B6 P-B6 wy
32 PXP RXKBP+ 33 K-N7 R-K6 34 Q-N8+ K-K2 56 QO-N7+ K-K3 57
K-B7 R-B6+ 35 K-K8 P-B3 36 K-K3?? Q-QB8+ 58 R-Q2 P-B5+!
R-Q8+ K-B2 37 R-Q7+ K-Bl 38 59 Px P Q-K8+ 60 R-K2 Q-QB8+ 61
RxP RXP 39 P-K7 RxP 40 K-B8 K-B2 QxBP-+ 4-4
R-K7 41 P-K8=Q+ 1-0
Penrose (England) —
Lombardy (USA) -— Geller (USSR) Ulvestad (Andorra)

we ites

7 BN

White played 25 N-R2?? and the game

The game finished as follows: 45... P—B5
continued: 25... RX P 26 N-B3 R-K5
46 R-N6 R-R4 47 RxP?? R-K4 48
27 K-R2 B-Q2 28 R/RI-K1 Q-K3 29 R-R6 R-K5. After this blunder Penrose
Q-KB2 and now Geller could have won
suffered a deep shock and fainted at the
with 29... Q-R6+ 30 K-NI R-N5! board. He had to be taken from the
Instead of that Geller played 29...
arena, back to the team’s hotel. The
B-N4?? The game was adjourned with doctor was called to examine him, and
the better position for Lombardy, but
the English team captain decided to
again many mistakes occurred. Let us see
resign the game.
the final part of this important game. (65)
Matulovié (Yugoslavia) —
See diagram 65 Tringov (Bulgaria)

47 R-B2 P-B4 48 Q-N8+ K-B2 49 See diagram 67

QxNP+ K-K3 50 Q-R6+ K-Q2 51
QxRP+ K-K3 52 Q-N6+ K-Q2 53 Matulovié concluded the game with a
QxP? Q-ON8 54 Q-B7+ K-Q1 55 brilliant combination: 25 N-B5! PxN
112 The Chess Olympiads

"a nae
me
Y
.

26 Q-R4 N-BI 27 QxRP+ sae 28 ;

B-B5! QxB 29 R-R3 B-KR3 30 Portisch= .
QxR+ QBI 31 R-Q8 PxP 32 Gligorié (Yugoslavia)
QxQ+ BxQ 33 RxB+ K-N2 34
R-N8 mate. m. ls
ron
7
Vranesic (Canada) - Lombardy (USA) a ..

See diagram 68

Can Black lose this position? Yes, after "4 —

71 B-B5 K-N1 72 R-QB7 Lombardy 4 an
we
failed to complete the prescribed number ne
of moves! Yj a ay Y;

Gligorié hesitated to resign. Suddenly

aa ee continued 38 P—-R5?? and after
. Q-N5 Black won!

20 Olympiad, Skopje
September 18-October 13, 1972
This jubilee Olympiad in Skopje set a new record in terms of partici-
pating countries. Sixty-three teams from all four corners of the world
came to the Olympiad in the capital of Macedonia, one of the six
Yugoslav republics. There had been only 16 teams at the first post-
war Olympiad, also held in Yugoslavia, in Dubrovnik, which speaks in
itself of the tremendous progress made by chess in the course of two
decades.
For the first time in the pestary of the Ohaus. Skopje played
simultaneous host to both the men’s and the women’s lynpiags and
to the FIDE Congress, This is unprecedented.
 Olympiad, Skopje, 1972 113
Skopje built three beautiful halls (the future fair), where the two
Olympiads were held - on a surface spanning some 8,000 square
metres. Thus, it is no exaggeration to say that Skopje offered the players
the best conditions for play anywhere. Accommodation in new hotels
and in the ‘Olympic Village’ was also at a high level. The press centre,
for the 72 journalists from 31 countries, with some twenty telephone
booths and ten telexes and other amenities, was exemplary. Never
before had representatives of the press had such conditions for work.
From all points of view, the Skopje Olympiad set an example of
organization. Naturally, there were, as there always are, some imper-
fect details, but these, like the bad weather throughout the event, were
soon forgotten.
The Olympiad was held immediately after the Fischer-Spassky
Match in Reykjavik, which proved to be something of a handicap, for
publicity prior to the Olympiad focused solely on the match. But it had
its good side, for the ‘chess fever’ was at its peak. Unfortunately, both
protagonists were missing from Skopje, but the Olympiads’ real import-
ance lies in their role as festivals of chess and friendship. The team
character and massive nature of the Olympiads are the most important
elements in their success.
Several young players came to Skopje, and many believe that they
will be the future candidates for the world championship: Karpov
(USSR), Hiibner (West Germany), Andersson (Sweden), Ljubojevié
(Yugoslavia), etc. Once again, brilliant Mikhail Tal rose like a
phoenix. ... .
Competition was quite tough in the eight preliminary sections.
Switzerland, playing in the second group, registered a surprise draw in
its match with Yugoslavia. Peru was a candidate for qualifying for
Group A, but in the last round suffered a heavy loss to Yugoslavia, so
that Switzerland reached the finals. England had been considered as the
main favourite.
Sweden, Canada and Italy waged a bitter struggle in the sixth group
for one place. Sweden turned out on top. Albania’s high placing in the
seventh group was a surprise, for its players have little international
experience. The match between Bulgaria, the winner of its section, and
Colombia ended quickly in a draw - Bulgaria had already secured
entry into Final Group A. This gave Colombia an advantage in its
rivalry with Australia. The Australian delegate even submitted a com-
plaint to the FIDE Congress because of the overly sedate nature of the
match, but the regulations do not provide for any penalties.
114 The Chess Olympiads

Results from the preliminaries in Skopje were not carried over into
the finals.
The battle for the Olympic medals assumed an unusual course. Yugo-
slavia were in the lead for the first nine rounds. The Soviet Union took
over the lead only in the tenth round, but held on to it until the very
end! In the very first round Hungary boasted an upset by defeating the
Soviet team 24-14 (Bilek defeated Korchnoi). The Hungarians also
defeated their other rivals, Yugoslavia, so that the silver medal was
more than merited by the rejuvenated Hungarian team. They even had
real chances of fighting for first place. On the eve of the final round they
trailed the Soviet Union by only half a point. The question was who
would compile more points in the last round, the Soviets — against
Romania, or the Hungarians — against West Germany? But tradition
prevailed and the Soviet team celebrated its eleventh consecutive gold
medal. This was the first time, however, that suspense overshadowed
the last round in the struggle for first place! For the first time since
1952 the supremacy of the Soviet team was threatened.
The Yugoslavs slacked off in the finish. The top placings resembled
Siegen. Czechoslovakia, and West Germany advanced. The American
team, playing without Fischer, Reshevsky, Lombardy and Evans,
could not hope for any great success.
In the finals, Group B, Albania refused to play against Israel, and
lost the match 4-0. The Appeals Commission decided to have the match
replayed so as not to affect the other teams competing against Israel.
Albania refused and abandoned the competition.
Petrosian had not suffered a single defeat at the seven previous
Olympiads, only to lose to Hiibner.
This was Gligorié’s 12th Olympiad. He is probably the only player
to have taken part in all the Olympiads since the war. In addition, at 11
of these Olympiads, he played for Yugoslavia at top board. He is
probably also the record-holder in terms of tournament eaine played —
some 4,000!
Mrs Grumer played in the Virgin Islands team. There had been simi-
lar such examples at some of the earlier Olympiads: in Dubrovnik
Mme Chaudé de Silans (France), in Leipzig Mrs Renoy-Chevrier
(Monaco), in Havana Mrs Carrasco de Budinich (Chile), in Lugano
Mrs Cebabe (Cyprus). But journalists did not fail to note that Mrs
Grumer played only 5 games in the preliminaries for the Virgin Islands
team, for she was in her seventh month of pregnancy.
A Chess Park of Friendship was established in the centre of Skopje,
 Olympiad, Skopje, 1972 115

where representatives from all the participating countries, and those

ex-World Champions present, planted trees.
_ The greatest number of wins was recorded by Browne (15). “The
Kings of the Draw’ were Bobotsov and Keene (13); Browne scored the
highest number of points (174 out of 22).
The Soviet Union was presented a special prize for consecutive wins
recorded at all the Olympiads starting from 1952, while Denmark and
Sweden were awarded special prizes as the only countries to have taken
part in all the Olympiads.

Preliminaries

Section I 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 USSR Rig BL 4) hs 4 Avis '22
2 Denmark 4 ie 7Oe tide 2 eae Re 4fonid5
3 Belgium 0 1 x 3 5S. 34 l6estiol4
4 Cuba 1, 2 Ri 2k 924, odielodS
5 Finland De ile, 0 PM ok — 4oneS8ioolls
6 Dominican Rep. 0 l 4+ 13 =O <=) G88, 6
7 Luxembourg 0 0 $ 4 - eA 24

Section 2 ] 2 *) 4 5 6 8
1 Yugoslavia x) $23 Bde BS 3 4 3 4/224
2 Switzerland 2 Ri 92* Ahi Wks By -3)- vtisnald
3 Peru 4s 2 gh Ses he 4 4. 19
4 England i. 24 $2 x” B 24 34 4elal8}
5 Brazil ] 1g 1k] Ks 8b a4 3. 154
6 Japan 0 4 O> By. og «KS 2h etd 8
7 Syria 1 $ 0 4 D* MOPS ooh, ale 5
8 Cyprus 0 0 0 0 ] le eee 44

Section 3 | 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 Hungary 4 22 233, Six B 4 4 4 234
2 Poland i Ki) 24) 38 4 3 4 34 22
3 Norway ] Th” 3x! 64° $3- (3h 38S eitdtoin2d
4 Indonesia 4 4 Kar poke BS 4 3 154
5 Scotland 1 0 ] $ Ke oBh. 2hoil3yrall¢
6 Bolivia 0 ] 4 ] $ Kia 22 3 8
7 Morocco 0 0 $ OF Dee 12 x #24 64
8 Lebanon Oe tO ] | Shee She 3
116 The Chess Olympiads

Section 4
1 W. Germany
2 Argentina
3 Iceland
4 Greece
5 New Zealand
6 Mexico
7 France
8 Guernsey tet
et
22
00
TX
et
9 WRMNWE
CK
NX Qo
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Section 5
1 Czechoslovakia
2 Spain
3 Mongolia
4 Israel
5 Portugal
6 Ireland 09
NO
—

7 Hong Kong
8 Malaysia He
YK
Bebe
SDOON
eee
Om
Om
OX
& nx XN
woe
NR
Ome Seno
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Section 6
1 E. Germany
2 Sweden
3 Canada
4 Italy
5 Wales
6 Turkey
7 Singapore
8 Malta on
sx
EN
—-X
coho
O-rNnNAxXxwon
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mw
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Section 7
1 Bulgaria
2 Holland
3 Albania
4 Colombia
5 Australia
6 Puerto Rico
7 Iraq ft
—t
NO
ND
NO
—

8 Andorra DX
NE ON
NX
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GoaESD 900 83 SD EN ep Oy 8 tO IN
Olympiad, Skopje, 1972 117

TEAM MOAMNMNNNNNANNAAN
—

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Philippines
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Romania

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28 Mongolia
Colombia
“~ 3o°R ag yu @S8 5

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30 Belgium
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* Albania
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Austria
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19 Canada

Iceland
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Section 8

29 Greece
18 Israel

Cuba

27 Italy

31 Peru
1 USA

Iran
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Final B
Finals
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33 Finland
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32 Australia
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 Olympiad, Skopje, 1972 119
Board 3 P-QR4! R-R3 39 K~N3 K-B3 40 K-B4
Ljubojevié ¥ 13 5 1 153 81-6 K-K3 41 R-QN5 K-B3 42 R-QB5
Smyslov USSR 8 6011 786 R-N3 43 RxP R-N5+ 44 K-N3
Hay Aus 8 12 8 77:3 R-N6-+ 1-0
Radulov BG 10 9 2 144 69-0
Giam Sing 12 5 4 144 69-0
Pfleger BRD 510010 66-7 Karpov (USSR) — Cobo (Cuba)
Cuartas Col 9 8213 68-4 Sicilian

Board 4 USSR 12 40 14 87-5 1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 P-Q3 3 P-O4

Kaldor IL 10 5 1 123 78-1 PxP 4NxP N-KB3 5 N-QB3 P-OR3
Biyiasas CDN 8 70 114 76-7 6 P-B4 P-K3 7 B-K2 Q-B2 8 0-0 N-B3
Muco AL 9 51 114 76-7 9 K-RI B-Q2 10 P-QR4 B-K2 ll
Ribli H 9 8013 76:5 N-N3 0-0 12 B-K3 N-OQNS5 13 P-R5!
B-B3 14 B-N6 Q-NI 15 Q-Q2! P-O4
Ist Reserve
16 P-K5 N-Q2 17 B-Q4 P-QN4 18
Karpov USSR 12 2113 86-7
B-N4! P-N3 19 QR-K1 R-B1 20 P-B5
Raizman F 8 11 82 85-0
NPxP 21 BxP N-B1(70) 22 Q-R6
Balshan IL 1G? GO" 13 83
Rantanen SF bee 202512:..80-0
Whiteley Eng 8 31 94 79-2

2nd Reserve
Haik F Li G°E LG {91-7
Sax H 8 11 83 85-0
U;
Savadkouhi Iran 11 22 12 80-0 Y

Tal (USSR) - Jakobsen (Denmark)

Sicilian ane
1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 P-Q3 3 P-Q4 N-N3 23 BXN RPXB 24 R-K3 B-Bl
PxP4QxP!? B-Q2 5 P-B4 N-QB3 6 25 Q-R4 B-KN2 26 R-R3 B-KI1 27
Q-Q2 N-B3 7 N-B3 P-KN3 8 P-QN3 Q-R7+ K-Bl 28 QxNP P-B3 29
B-N2 9 B-N2 0-0 10 B-K2 Q-R4 11 RxP-+ 1-0
R-QN1! P-QR3 12 P-QR3 KR-BI1 13
0-0 B-N5 14 KR-K1 BxN 15 BxB
Korchnoi (USSR) -
QR-N1 16 B-K2 N-K4 17 P-B4
Ciocaltea (Romania)
Q-N3+ 18 K-R1 N/4-N5 19 BxN
N XB 20 P-R3 N-B3 21 N-Q5! NxN King’s Indian
22 KPXN BxB 23 RxB Q-B2 24
P-KB5 P-QN4 25 KBPxP RPxP 1 P-O4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-KN3 3
26 Q-N5 PXxP! 27 RxP Q-B4 28 N-QB3 B-N2 4 P-KN3 0-0 5 B-N2
Q-B6 QxQP 29 PxP QxBP 30 P-Q3 6 N-B3 N-B3 7 0-0 B-N5 8 P-Q5
R-KB2 R-B1 31 R-B4! Q-QB8+ 32 N-QR4 9 P-N3 P-B4 10 B-N2 P-OR3
K-R2 Q-N7 33 RxP! QxQ 34 11 Q-B2 R-NI 12 N-Q2 P-QN4 13
R/7xQ RXR 35 RxR K-N2 36 KR-K1 Q-B2?! 14 N-Ql R-N2? 15
RxQP P-R4 37 R-Q5 R-QRI1 38 B-QB3 R/I-N1 16 P-B4 PxP 17 PxP
 120 The Chess Olympiads

N-K1 18 N-B2 B-Q2 19 N-Q3! R-R2 Gligorié (Yugoslavia) -

20 BXB NxB 21 Q-B3 N-N2 22 P-K4 Kavalek (USA)
Q-R4 23 Q-N2 R/2-R1 24 N-N3 Q-Q1
25 Q-B3 P-QR4 26 P-QR4 Q-B2 27 Benoni
N-Q2 N-Q1 28 P-R3 P-R4 29 P-B5!? 1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-QB4 3
P xP 30 P-K5 R-R2 31 N-B4 R/2-N2? P-Q5 P-K3 4 N-QB3 PxP 5 PxP
32 P-K6! Px P 33 Px P B-B3 34 B-O5 P-Q3 6 P-K4 P-KN3 7 N-B3 B-N2 8
R-N7 35 R-KB1! Q-N2?(7/) 36 Nx P! B-K2 0-0 9 0-0 R-K1 10 N-Q2 QN-Q2

a ae
11 P-QR4 N-K4 12 Q-B2 N-R4 13
BXN PxB 14 N-Q1! Q-R5 15 N-K3
N-N5 16 NxN PxN 17 N-B4 Q-B3?
18 B-Q2 Q-N3 19 B-B3 BxB 20 PxB
P-N3 21 KR-K1 B-R3 22 N-Q2
R-K4? 23 P-KB4! PxPep 24 NxP
R-R4 25 Q-B2 Q-B3 26 R-K3 R-K1
27 R/I-K1 Q-B5 28 P-K5! PxP 29
R-K4 Q-B3 30 Q-N3+ K-R1 31NxP
R-KN1 32 R-KN4 RxR 33 NxR
Q-N3 34 P-B4! R-B4(72) 35 N-R6

NxN 37 RxP N-B3 38 R-N5+ K-RI a @

39 R-KBI RxN 40 QxR! 1-0

Ljubojevié (Yugoslavia) —
Emma (Argentina) RS

NS
Nimzowitsch
ei
~
S 4 AS

1 P-K4 N-QB3 2 P-Q4 P-K4 3 P-Q5

N/3-K2 4 P-KN3!? N-KB3 5 N-QB3
N-N3 6 B-N2 B-N5 7 KN-K2 P-Q3 8 R-B3 36 R-K8+ K-N2 37 R-KN8+
P-OR3 B-R4 9 P-QN4 B-N3 10 N-R4 KxN 38 Q-R4+ 1-0
P-B3 11 P-QB4 PxP 12 KPxP B-Q2
13NxBPXN 14B-N2 0-0 150-0 Q-Bl
16 R-Bl B-R6 17 P-B3 BxB 18 KxB Portisch (Hungary) —
Bobotsov (Bulgaria)
Q-Q2 19 N-B3 Q-K2 20 Q-K2 N-Q2
21 N-N5 QR-B1 22 P-KR4! N-B3 23 Nimzo-Indian
R/QBI-K1 N-R4 24 B-B1 P-B4 25 B-N5
Q-Q2 26 P-B4 P-K5 27 QxNRxP 28 1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-K3 3
P-R4 RxP 29 R-RI R-R1 30 Q-Q1 N-QB3 B-N5 4 P-K3 P-B4 5 B-Q3
N-R1 31 P-KR5 N-B2 32 P-R6 NxP P-QN3 6 KN-K2 B-N2 7 0-0 PxP 8
33 BxN PxB 34 K-R3 R-QBI 35 PxP B-K2 9 P-O5! PxP 10 PxP
Q-R5 R-B4 36 QxRP RxQP 37 NxP? 11 NxN BxN 12 N-B4 B-N2
R/BI-Q1 RxR 38 RxR P-Q4 39 13 R-K1 N-B3 14 N-R5! K-Bl 15
N-Q6 P-Q5 40 Q-N5+ K-BI 41 NxP! P-KR3 16 N-B5 B-N4 17 N-Q6
Q-B6+ K-NI1 42 R-QB1 1-0 Q-B2 18 B-N6! N-K2 19 Bx P R-R2 20
 Olympiad, Skopje, 1972 121
B-N3 Q-B3 21 NxB QxN 22 BxB PxP 18 BXP R-QI 19 B-KNI Q-B3
PxB 23 Q-Q3 R-N2 24RXNKxR 20 QR-K1 P-B4! 21 PxPep NxP 22
25 B-Q5 1-0 B-N1 NxXN 23 BXN QxB 24 QxQ
BxQ 25 RxB P-QR4?! 26 R x P B-B3
27 B-B5 R-B2? 28 B-Q6 R-N2 29 P-QB5
Hug (Switzerland) — R-QB1 30 P-N4 K-B2 31 R-K4 B-K2
Hort (Czechoslovakia) 32 R/I-K1 BxB 33 PxB R-QI1 34
Queen’s Indian R-Q4 P-N3 35 K-N2 R/2-Q2 36 R-K5
RXP37RxXRRxXR 1-0 time.
1 P-OB4 N-KB3 2 N-KB3 P-K3 3 Since 1958 Petrosian has played in all
P-KN3 P-QN3 4 B-N2 B-N2 5 0-0 eight Olympiads, this was his 96th
B-K2 6 P-Q4 0-0 7 N-B3 N-K58NxN game... and his first loss!
BxN 9 B-B4 P-Q3 10 Q-Q2 N-Q2 11
KR-Q1?! P-KR3 12 N-K1 P-KB4! 13
BxB PxB 14 Q-B2 N-B3 15 P-B3 Dueball (W. Germany) -
P-KN4 16 B-K3 Q-KI 17 K-N2 Gereben (Switzerland)
Q-R4! 18 P-KR3 Q-N3 19 QR-Bl
R-B2 20 PxP P-N5 21 P-KR4 P-K4!
22 Q-Q3 NxP 23 N-B2 R/I-KB1 24
B-N1(73) 24... BxP! 25 PxB R-B6

32 QxB! P-KR4 33 RXN-+ 1-0

Constantinou (Cyprus) —
Rossolimo (France)
26 N-K3 R-N6+ 27 K-R1 R-B7! 0-1
This game was awarded the brilliancy
prize.

Hubner (W. Germany) -

Petrosian (USSR)
Sicilian 4

1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 P-K3 3 P-Q4 e

PxP 4NxP P-QOR3 5 B-Q3 Q-B2 6

0-0 N-KB3 7 K-R1?! N-B3 8 NXN
NPxN 9 P-KB4 P-Q4 10 N-Q2 B-K2
11 P-QN3?! P-B4 12 B-N2 B-N2 13 23... Q-B7! 24 Q-KN4 P-B3 25 B-B4
Q-K2 0-0 14 P-K5 N-KI1! 15 P-B4 QxNP+ 26 QxQ RxQ 27 R-Q7
P-Q5 16 N-K4 R-NI1 17 P-QN&4!? B-B4! 28 R-QB7 B-Q5! 0-1
122 The Chess Olympiads
3 ZSoS> N°
wwa aS Sosdevv ! — Bec
ae ae
a Smo
st
8
8 4
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al
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tee
Aas tled he 2% <q
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72a, See=m:
wyEom, op
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a
moO
XS X s +@ os
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EEX
&+ x oO g 8

NON
ON oe
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 The Chess Olympiads 123

Survey of Total Results Recorded at Chess Olympiads from 1950-1972

on 60 62 64 66 jo?)ice) aI ~I

1 USSR 1-0
2 Yugoslavia 2°5
3 USA 4-4
4 Hungary 4:9
5 Argentina 5:5 —

6 W. Germany 5:5
7 Czechoslovakia &
lonlaHIl lal 5°8
8 Bulgaria |bP
HD
ONm
PB
OO
= 6-8
9 Romania — Cow
=
LN
Oonnfb
ONM
CO
ON
OH
OK 9-0
10 E. Germany Om
OO
D
P
WO
~ =
PND
OM
CUODRONCor.)
|mon
p= — 10-9
11 Holland K&N
OO
©
ND
ah
Conne12-0
12 Spain lal S os
leet
Satn
lane 13-5
13 Israel 14-3
14 Denmark 15-1
15 Canada — 15-2
16 England to
lt
ee
tn
opks
En
“Soe
cod)
6ee
Orns 15-2
17 Poland aet
—
CO
OO
neon 15-6
18 Austria 15-8
19 Sweden ROGO
pm
m—OO
or 15-8
20 Cuba 18-3
21 Switzerland 19-6
22 Finland S is)nO NSSo —oO
COMD
CO
PDO
—&
KO NM 20-1
23 Iceland 20-9
24 Colombia 21-8
25 Norway Op
— 22:2
26 Chile a 22-8
27 Belgium 30 23:1
28 Saar 24-0
29 Philippines 24-0
30 Italy 24-8
31 Mongolia Thee)
32 Indonesia 25-7
33 Peru 25°7
34 Brazil 27-0
35 France 31e 909542520 28-7
36 India 29-0
37 Greece 29-0
38 Australia 29-2
39 Scotland 30-2
40 Albania 30-6
41 Ecuador 31-3
42 Iran 32-0
43 Venezuela 33-6
44 Tunisia 34-8
124 The Chess Olympiads

45 Puerto Rico 36-0

46 Paraguay 36-0
47 Ireland 36-6
48 Portugal 36-8
49 Uruguay 37-0
50 Luxembourg 38-5
51 Turkey 38-5
52 South Africa 38-6
53 Bolivia 43-0
54 Mexico 43-0
55 Wales 43-0
56 Singapore 44-0
57 Monaco 45-4
58 Lebanon 45:5
59 New Zealand 46:5
60 Malta 47-0
61 Japan 47-0
62 Dominican Rep. 47-2
63 Nicaragua 48-0
64 Panama 49-0
65 Costa Rica 49-0
66 Marocco 49-7
67 Rhodesia 50:0
68 Cyprus 50-3
69 Hong Kong 51-0
70 Syria 53-0
71 Faroe islands 55:0
72 Andorra 55-6
73 Virgin Islands 57°3
74 Malaysia 59-0
75 Guernsey 59-5
76 Iraq 61-0
3 The Women’s Chess Olympiads

The Women’s Olympiads were founded at a considerably later date

than the men’s. This can be explained by the fact that before the war
the number of women chess players was so small that it was impossible
to even think of holding a competition between them. There were, it is
true, countries (such as England, Germany and Austria) in which
women’s chess was relatively developed, but the idea of team competi-
tion took form much later, in the middle of the 1950s.
Winners of Women’s World Team Championships
No of teams
1957 Emmen USSR 104, Romania 104, E. Germany 10 21
1963 Split USSR 25, Yugoslavia 244, E. Germany 21 15
1966 Oberhausen USSR 22, Romania 204, E. Germany 17 14
1969 Lublin USSR 26, Hungary 204, Czechoslovakia 19 15
1972 Skopje USSR 114, Romania 8, Hungary 8 23

The First Women’s Olympiad was held in Emmen (the Nether-

lands) from September 2-21, 1957, with 21 teams taking part. Three
teams from three semi-final groups qualified for the finals:
1 USSR, Netherlands, Romania,
2 East Germany, Bulgaria, Hungary,
3 Yugoslavia, West Germany, England.
Nine teams met in the finals and after a tense battle, first place was
shared between the Soviet Union and Romania with 104 points each
(out of 16). The Soviet team was proclaimed the winner, however, on
the basis of match wins. Playing in the winning team were Rubtsova
94/14 and Zvorikina 12/14.
The best individual results:
Board 1: Holuj (Poland) 9/11, 81-89%; Keller-Herrmann (East Ger-
many) 104/14, 75:0%; Gresser (USA) 74/11, 68-2%; Rubtsova
(USSR) and Hoénsch (Hungary) 67-9%.
Board 2: Zvorikina (USSR) 12/14, 85-794; Eretova (Czechoslovakia)
84/11, 77:3%; Piatigorsky (USA) 74/11, 68-2%; Altrichter (East
Germany) and Stadler (Yugoslavia) 94/14, 67-9%.
126 The Women’s Chess Olympiads

Emmen Preliminaries

Section I
1 USSR rp
june

2 Holland
3 Romania
4 Czechoslovakia
5 Ireland
6 France
7 Finland xX
me
Om
SOS Com
Key
NNO

Section 2
1 E. Germany
2 Bulgaria
3 Hungary
4 USA
5 Scotland
6 Austria
7 Luxembourg He
cCOCOFKYYX
gu
xX
0
eK
OO
iH
tO m—
NOD
XY
ENE
NNND
eK

Section 3 eH
ND
SH
KX
Rik
eX
On
NO
HO
1 Yugoslavia —
bole
2 W. Germany
3 England
4 Poland
5 Denmark
6 Norway
7 Belgium mee
git
OK YX
ooOoOee-
So
xX
Oo
Og
ee SCOOK
OFM
ek
RK
ROK
ENS
HCN
FEN
OK QIN
YT
eX
COX
NEN
Ne OX
NNNNXHO
QHNNNNNA
NNNNNN
X
XK

Finals
Final A
1 USSR
2 Romania
3 E. Germany
4 Hungary
5 Bulgaria xa
es
6 Yugoslavia
7 England —
a
8 W. Germany
9 Holland Ov
ee Or
EN
CO;
EEXtos
Robt
bop
th
Ke
G9 bof xX
tot DO
Ri SON
eH
Se
am
se we
NK
Om
XDse HNO
ENE
@HX
K
 The Women’s Chess Olympiads 127

Final B 10 1] 12 13 14 15
10 USA * l 1} 14 ze 2 8
11 Czechoslovakia x 2 fe 2 8
12 Poland 4 ] Ne 2 2 2 74
13 Denmark 3 0 0 x 2 2 44
14 Ireland 0 0 0 0 ad |
15 Scotland 0 0 0 0 ] x

Final C 16 17 18 19 20 21
16 France 4 14 14 13 2 y. 84
17 Austria 4 14 14 2 P! 74
18 Finland 4 $ x 13 2 13 6
19 Norway $ $ 4 Pe 14 14 44
20 Belgium 0 0 0 4 x v4 2s
21 Luxembourg 0 0 4 s 0 x Nt

The Second Olympiad was played in Split from September 21 to

October 10, 1963. With only 15 teams taking part, semi-final competi-
tion was eliminated and play began immediately with the finals. The
Soviet and Yugoslav teams led from the very beginning and waged a
bitter struggle to the end for first place. As their match ended in a draw
1-1, it was clear that the title would go to the team which scored the
most points in other matches. In a dramatic finish, the Soviet team was
rather more successful and in the end took first place with 25 points
out of 28 (899%). Members of the winning team recorded the following
results: Gaprindashvili 114/12, Zatulovskaya 8/10, and Zvorikina
54/6.
Yugoslavia were second with 244 points, only half a point less than
the Soviet Union, and with an outstanding percentage of 87-59%. The
Yugoslav team obtained the following results: Lazarevié 94/12, V.
Nedeljkovié 12/12!, and K. Jovanovié, 3/4.
Originally, the Women’s Olympiad was to be held every third year,
but there was a six year gap between the first and the second Olympiad.
With the sudden development of women’s chess, beginning with the
second Olympiad in Split, this competition has, to a certain extent,
taken hold and is now held every three years.
128 The Women’s Chess Olympiads
Split
y2 S145 6 7. 6&9 10°11 12.13 Aaa
1 USSR Ww 1 Pele le<2 92)) 222 22 ee ee
2 Yugoslavia Lox [gs] 1658515 2, 2°22 2 20 eee
3 E. Germany T oh Kd Qik Do S22 de ee
4 Romania 4¥1bx oka 1 2 14 2 deers
5 Bulgaria + 4¢02 x 15 ¢ ¢ 1 = «2214 2 «2«'214 2 «2173
6 Hungary 0 0 13 ¢ 4 x 1 141314 2 2 2 1414 17
7 Holland 014 143041 x 44a a 1 eee
8 Poland O70 Qat Ibah bo me li. 32 2 eee
9 USA 0.0 Ol 1 SS £0" k 0) 21) eee
10 Mongolia 00 0°0 Of 1 O82 x 1 § 2 eRe
11 W. Germany 000 4 4 0 4130 1 =x 14 14 2 13° 103
12 Austria 00 #000 1041+ 4 x Ihde s
13 Belgium 0 0 Ol 0 -D.1. 0; 1 0.4 “h oe
14 Monaco 0.0 4,0 4 3 0 02.0.0 0 4 igs ee
15 Scotland 0 0 0°00 014 0 0 4H 0 0 2 TS

The best individual results:

Board 1: Gaprindashvili (USSR) 114/12, 95-89%, Nicolau (Romania)
10/12, 83-394; Keller-Herrmann (East Germany) 114/14, 82:1%;
Lazarevié (Yugoslavia) 94/12, 79-2%.
Board 2: Nedeljkovié (Yugoslavia) 12/12, 100%; Zatulovskaya (USSR)
8/10, 80:0%; Novarra (East Germany) 7/10, 70-094; Ivanova (Bul-
garia) 8/12, 66-7%.
Reserve: Zvorikina (USSR) 54/6, 91-794; K. Jovanovicé (Yugoslavia)
3/4, 75-09%; Timmer (Holland) 64/9, 72:2%.
The Third Women’s Olympiad was held in Oberhausen
from October 3-15, 1966. The number of participating teams once
again diminished to 14, eliminating the need for a semi-final competi-
tion.
This time, the Soviet team met a formidable rival in Romania, and
started off by losing 2-0! In the next rounds Romania and Yugoslavia
notched up big victories and after the 6th round held the joint lead.
with 10 points, leaving the Soviet Union in third place with 94. In the
following round Romania defeated Yugoslavia 2-0, and this seemed to
remove the final obstacle blocking the sight of victory. In the ninth
round, however, the leading team lost to one of the last teams on the
list, that of the United States, by a score of 2-0, and finally the Soviet
Union moved up to first place where it remained until the end.

The Soviet Union took first place with 22 points (out of 26); a high
percentage of 84-59%, but this was below their result at the previous
 The Women’s Chess Olympiads 129

Olympiad. ‘The members of the winning team registered the following

results: Gaprindashvili 9/11, Zatulovskaya 84/9 and Kozlovskaya
44/6.
Oberhausen
1 82.3 -4 5 86 47°58 9 10 11 1248"%4
1 USSR M0 Rl ee 1S 2: 2 2 ee 2
2 Romania 2M 2 ae TE 10. 2 Bee 204
3 E. Germany LA ®S DA eB oe Ol 2 2 2 Beh;
4 Yugoslavia 0 Oly ®* Hel 1g 14 2. 9°22" 161
5 Holland 001 4x +11 2 «14214 2 «13:14 2 «#16
6 Czechoslovakia + #@ ita Uw YY Wt bol WOOP ees
7 Hungary Od MyM 2M kK YM 1 2) 2 Seige
8 Bulgaria Od 2 VAY & 1 2.1 1242644
9 England 4#¢14¢44 11x HI 1 12
10 USA OM FORA MR 10 80 $x OT 2 ere 9
11 Poland U0 40 5% tO SD Ml ol) KS go Qengrat.g
12 W. Germany 000044444015 x 24: ~«6
13 Denmark OOF Ug Ot ed Ob od BO) OF se Td
14 Austria 000000404 10i183x 4

The best invidivual results:

Board I: Gaprindashvili (USSR) 9/11, 81:89; Nicolau (Romania)
8/10, 800%; Assenova (Bulgaria) 93/13, 73-1%; Vreeken (Holland)
— 64/10, 65-0%.
Board 2: Polihroniade (Romania) 74/9, 83-39%; Kozlovskaya (USSR)
44/6, 75:0%; Bruce (England) and Malypetrova (Czechoslovakia)
74/12, 62-59%; Bilek (Hungary) and Timmer (Holland) 5/8, 62:5%.
Reserve: Zatulovskaya (USSR) 83/9, 94-494; Dr Just (East Germany)
8/9, 88-994; K. Jovanovié (Yugoslavia) 7/9, 77:8%.
The Fourth Women’s Olympiad was held from September 7-23,
1969, in Lublin. With only 15 teams taking part semi-finals again
became superfluous. This time the Soviet Union allowed no surprises.
By the end of the first half of the competition they had piled up so many
points that they had a clear road ahead to first place. The battle for
second and third place, on the other hand, was most exciting. By defeat-
ing Romania in the last round 2-0, Hungary took second place and
Czechoslovakia third, while Yugoslavia once again had to be content
with fourth.
The Soviet team won the title with 26 points (out of 28) and the
highest percentage so far, 92-8%. Individual Soviet results were:
Gaprindashvili 94/10, Kushnir 84/9 and Alexandria 8/9.
130 The Women’s Chess Olympiads

Lublin
l QeeBeh'lrGnG 718? 9ilOpbl21st iS
1 USSR x 12222 44 2 22 2° 2 eee
2 Hungary lx #1] HM 2) t¢ 2 1h 2 eee
3 Czechoslovakia Olt x ¢ 2 14;1 4 2:13 2 1 lbeta2al®
4 Yugoslavia Od Heit @HH2 2iti he 2 oe
5 Bulgaria O80 A xHheld lilt 2 2s
6 E. Germany 04:14 24kx 410 + 1 2 2 Ib ede 2?
7 Poland 44214051 xd HY 26.2.2 BG
8 Romania * 014% Jakd «li 1 I it Qh2eevicGt
9 Holland 084 00 1 1 & & xk £ 2 «dL ODD EbeodS
10 England 00404 1 $ «1 «214 x *+1 «14614 2 14 «123
11 W. Germany 010400 £4 O.1 X Id 1 ddeekeee
12 Denmark 00 la ££ O 2B @ 1 £ ¢ KO 2 Dade
13 Austria 00434444004 %410x!122i1«~ +6
14 Belgium 009 09000 02 O04 0441 1 ® Were
15 Ireland 0n0 00 00 0 0 0 £ 0 ¢ 1 tye

The best individual results:

Board 1: Gaprindashvili 94/10, 95-094; Vokralova (Czechoslovakia)
63/9, 72:2%; Ivanka (Hungary) 8/12, 66-79%; Stadler (Yugoslavia)
7/11, 63-6%.
Board 2: Kushnir (USSR) 84/9, 94-49%; Verdéci (Hungary) 10/12,
83-394; Konarkowska-Sokolov (Yugoslavia) 6/8, 75-0%; Eretova
(Czechoslovakia) 64/9, 72:2%.
Reserve: Alexandria (USSR) 8/9, 88-894; Makai (Romania) 7/10,
70:0%; Georgieva (Bulgaria) 64/10, 65-09%; Malypetrova (Czecho-
slovakia) 6/10, 60-0%.
The Fifth Women’s Olympiad was held in Skopje between
September 25 and October 13, 1972, at the same time as the Men’s
Olympiad to which the city was also playing host. A record was set in
terms of participating countries. As compared to the previous olym-
piads, at which almost only European teams took part, this time there
was the refreshing presence of several non-European countries: Japan,
Israel, Brazil, Singapore and Australia. In the preliminaries 23 teams
were divided into 4 groups, with the top two from each qualifying for
group ‘A’ in the finals, the next two for group ‘B’ and the rest for
group ‘C’.
The biggest surprise of the preliminaries was Yugoslavia’s failure to
qualify for group ‘A’ in the finals. In the very first round England,
thanks to Hartston’s victory over Lazarevi¢, succeeded in defeating
Yugoslavia.
 The Women’s Chess Olympiads 131

West Germany overtaking Poland was also somewhat of a surprise.

The Soviet team had an easier time of it in the finals than ever before.
Gaprindashvili scored 63/8, Kushnir 7/8 and Levitina 54/6.

Skopje
Preliminaries
Section I 2 3 4 5
1 USSR x 2 A 2 1} 74
2 E. Germany 0 > 13 14 2 5
3 Holland 0 4 x 14 2 4
4 Australia 0 $ 4 x 2 3
5 Ireland % 0 0 0 Xx 4

Section 2 ] 2 2 4 5 6
1 England x 1 14 2 Z y 84
2 Czechoslovakia ] ] 2 2 fe 8
3 Yugoslavia 4 ] x 2 2 2 74
4 Austria 0 0 0 x 14 2 34
5 Scotland 0 0 0 & x 1} 2
6 Japan 0 0 0 0 3 x 4

Section 3 2 3 4 5 6
1 Romania a ] 2 2 14 1} 8
2 Bulgaria oa 14 1} 2 2 8
3 Mongolia 0 3 me ] Brits. FP
4 Brazil 0 4 | ~ 14 4
5 Israel $ 0 | 3 x ] 3
6 Switzerland 4 0 0 ] ws 24

Section 4 ] 2 a 4 5 6
1 Hungary Xx Meoriont 2 2 2 8
2 W. Germany ] x ] 2 1} . 74
3 Poland ] ] x ] 2 2 7
4 Sweden 0 0 ] x 2 4
5 Finland 0 4 Oi x 24
6 Singapore 0 Oneregn® 0 KR Pex ]
132 The Women’s Chess Olympiads

Finals
Final A ] 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 USSR XP 28 a ape ae a ] ifs S23 ere
2 Romania 0 i re ] 2 ] ] 8
3 Hungary 4 0 x l }e Sae 2 2 8
4 Bulgaria 3 ] ] x ] 4 Postin sikte 74
5 Czechoslovakia 1 ] $ I “ ] ] 1} 7
6 W. Germany 0 0 it* *1 x) i mee 54
7 E. Germany 4 ] 0 0 ] 14° xX oe 43
8 England 0 l 0 4 3 +. «llWP ee 4

Final B 9* 407 414 “420 43% 14) Ghee

9 Poland x LE Fae 2 1 14 13 I$ = #103
10 Yugoslavia 4 , ee Se eS 84
1] Austria $ ] aban ue ] 0 1 7
i2 Holland 0 Savane i Sone x It ] 2 ] 7
13 Sweden ] 3 0 ] x ] ] 2 64
14 Brazil 4 0 l ] ae ee 1 ereeae 6
15 Mongolia 4 4 2 0 ] 4 Xx ] 54
16 Australia 4 4 ] ] 0 ] x 3

Final C LJganit8 CTD) AZO Nt eee

17 Switzerland pes ] 2 Is 2 4 2 9
18 Israel Ls edt ] 1g 6140614 84
19 Singapore 0 ] x ] id. .1é gpl 6
20 Ireland 4 4 ] x 14 15 4 5$
21 Finland 0 4 4 4 ee 2 54
22. Scotland 1g 4 4 4 0 eel 44
23 Japan 0.50 ] 1g OO 4 os 3

The best individual results:

Board 1: Gaprindashvili (USSR) 64/8, 810%; Cardoso (Brazil) 7/9,
77:7%; Ivanka (Hungary) 73/10, 75-094; Radzikowska (Poland)
64/9, 71-1%; Vokralova (Czechoslovakia) 74/11, 68-1%.
Board 2: Kushnir (USSR) 7/8, 87-5% ; Erenska (Poland) 74/9, 833%;
Nicolau (Romania) 7/9, 77:7%; Gal (Israel) 6/8, 75-09%; Assenova
(Bulgaria) 8/11, 72:7%.
Reserve: Levitina (USSR) 53/6, 91-6%; Konarkowska-Sokolov (Yugo-
slavia) 63/9, 72-2%; Tan (Singapore) 5/7, 71-:1%.
 The Women’s Chess Olympiads 133

Survey of Total Results Recorded at

Women’s Chess Olympiads
1957 1963 1966 1969 1542
1 USSR ] ]
2 Romania
3 Hungary
4 E. Germany
5 Yugoslavia
6 Bulgaria
7 Czechoslovakia
8 Holland Ooow
DM
oP
N
©
9 England
10 Poland
11 W. Germany aSe
—
poet

12 USA |
PURePhHWnne
OMe
13 Mongolia
14 Denmark SsSerta|xu]
|
anwose —"Oo CRE
eS
OS
oO
oT
15 Sweden
16 Austria 12 14
17 Monaco
18 Brazil
19 Belgium
20 France
21 Australia
22 Ireland
23 Switzerland
24 Scotland
25 Israel
26 Singapore
27 Norway
28 Finland
29 Luxembourg
30 Japan
4 The World Student Team Championship

The World Student Team Championship, more popularly known as the

‘Student Olympiad’, officially dates back to 1954. The International
Student Union, with its headquarters in Prague, has been authorized
by FIDE to organize this competition.
A predecessor to the official Student Olympiads was an individual
student tournament in Liverpool in 1952, at which Bronstein and
Taimanov tied first. An unofficial student team competition was held in
Brussels in 1953, drawing eight teams; Norway won, followed by
Britain and Finland. As of 1954, the Student Team Competition has
been held under the auspices of FIDE and has recorded growing pro-
gress. It is an annual event, held in July/August. Each team is composed
of four players and has the right to two alternates. The competition is
open to students under 27 years of age.

Winners of World Student Team Championships

No of teams
1954 Oslo Czechoslovakia 29}, USSR 26, Bulgaria 26 10
1955 Lyon USSR 41, Yugoslavia 33, Hungary 324 13
1956 Uppsala USSR 214, Hungary 164, Yugoslavia 15 16
1957 Reykjavik USSR 433, Bulgaria 37, Czechoslovakia 36 14
1958 Varna USSR 193, Bulgaria 17, Czechoslovakia 14 16
1959 Budapest Bulgaria 403, USSR 39, Hungary 373 14
1960 Leningrad USA 41, USSR 394, Yugoslavia 37 14
1961 Helsinki USSR 394, USA 344, E. Germany 31 13
1962 Marianske Lazne USSR 244, Yugoslavia 20, Czechoslovakia 19 18
1963 Budva Czechoslovakia 24, Yugoslavia 2334, Bulgaria 22 19
1964 Cracow USSR 314, Czechoslovakia 293, Hungary 29 21
1965 Sinaia USSR 21, Israel 20, Denmark 18 a7
1966 Orebro USSR 34, Czechoslovakia 284, Denmark 273 21
1967 Harrachov USSR 24, USA 22, England 21 19
1968 Ybbs USSR 244, W. Germany 244, Czechoslovakia 203 25
1969 Dresden USSR 27, Yugoslavia 214, Bulgaria 19} 26
1970 Haifa USA 273, England 264, W. Germany 26 11
1971 Mayagiiez USSR 294, USA 21}, Canada 21 16
1972 Graz USSR 284, Hungary 193, W. Germany 194 29
 Student Olympiad, Oslo, 135

1 Student Olympiad, Oslo

April 11-19, 1954
The first official student competition had a modest beginning with ten
teams taking part. However, some of the players (Korchnoi, Olafsson,
Krogius, Bobotsov, Filip) later became grandmasters. ‘The outcome was
uncertain until the final round and the match between the Soviet
Union and Czechoslovakia.
Filip was the best at top board, with 74 points out of 9 games (83-3%)
followed by Minev (Bulgaria) 66-7% and Korchnoi 64:3%, etc. The
best result at the second board was recorded by Persitz (England) —
74 points out of 9 games (83-3%), followed by Moiseyev (USSR),
Milev, Olafsson, etc. At the third board it was Kozma (Czechoslovakia)
with 8 points out of 9 games (88-99), and at the fourth Nikitin (USSR),
54 out of 7 (78:6%). Kolarov (Bulgaria) and Marsalek (Czecho-
slovakia) as reserves scored 5 points out of 5 games.

mee as ee Bet Bie ? Boge Oe O

mozechoslovakia; oXaeet, 5. 24 3 13, 4, 34 4, 4..293
2 USSR 14 x 23 24 3 4 34 34 4 4 283
3 Bulgaria ] sbaldh whine) 84.03 3D 3 pp Bdaebdet26
4 England Peete i 82073 83M 3 |4 keweArS
5 Iceland Ee rary Uae Ree OR Oat mere Le
6 Sweden da VE OTE 1 Bc wemprrtes > (Gsge dark?
7 Norway Oo eew te 141th 3 & 22 ldagedralé
8 Finland zhao Sit ERED Tn Re rte 2) Ly Noe PK By ee
9 Italy-Seotland:..0. .0.» 4, O. 4-01] » 2), 1.x, 3, 84
10 France O10v.0a QoOs 10-0 Oxcd ! abe Ko pld

Olafsson (Iceland) - Krogius (USSR) 20 K-R2 P-KB4 21 PxP PxP 22

N-K2 P-B5! 23 P-KN4 N-B3 24 N-B3
King’s Indian
Q-N2 25 P-R4 P-KR3 26 B-R3 B-K2
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-KN3 3 27 P-N5 BxB 28 PXN QxP 29 KxB
N-QB3 B-N2 4 P-K4 0-0 5 P-KN3 QxP+ 30 K-N2 K-RI1 31 Q-KB2
P-Q3 6 B-N2 P-K4 7 KN-K2 N-B3 8 R-KN1+ 32 K-Bl Q-R6+ 33 K-K2
P-Q5 N-Q5 9 0-0 P-B4 10 PxPep R-N7 34 N-K4 P-Q4! 35 BXB PXN
NxN+ 11QxXN PxP 12 R-QI Q-K2 36 B-B6+ K-N1 37 R-KN1 PxR-+ 38
13 P-N3 R-Q1 14 B-QR3 B-N5 15 K-Q2 R2-KN2! 0-1
P-B3 B-K3 16 R-Q3 R-Q2 17 RI-Ql
R1-Q1 18 Q-Q2 B-B1 19 P-R3? N—-R4
136 The World Student Team Championship

2 Student Olympiad, Lyons

May 6-16, 1955
Here the competition was much stronger and boasted of a good number
of renowned names in chess.
Once again, Filip led at top board with 83-3%, (10 points out of 12
games), followed by Taimanov (USSR) 79-1%, Fuderer (Yugoslavia)
the Rie
Spassky dominated the second board with 93-7% (74 points out of
8 games), Antoshin (USSR) the third with 83-3% (5/6) and Suetin
(USSR) the fourth with 80% (8/10). The best reserves were also Soviet
players, Vasyukov 91-6% (54/6) and Nikitin 91-6% (54/6).
De eee Bisck 8.8 alt. ule
1 USSR xX 2 24 24 34 S14. OR 4g gd wey
2 Yugoslavia yMaas ase) sha Se yd 1p a tig artis hee aenes
3 Hungary Le 2 Gee 94 Lo yop agg’ Iga iscagitigag @ligos
4 Bulgaria 14 14 1 x 23 240) 8.0.84.(300-5 SE. Sh: tee ge
5 Czechoslovakia 4 2 2 14 x hice Ba Ihe? onthe Sh 40 ete
6 Iceland 4 24 14 14 33 xe oo oe
7 Poland OL 21g 4 1 D4, Sek, OE SER ge RRS
8 Spain — OSHA Neg 1} 2° grtryet'gy Loe eesti oat
9 Finland et OP dea el eRe o 108912 Xx App PAROS gas
10 Netherlands ee 474 “A 2-1 1gdi, x 2y Qe abl
11 Sweden Or +2068 2h. hit 14 «1 xX abe By
12 Norway Op lg@gli @ hu ly 2Qc¢;h 6:2 2 Leveedas
13 France On0,.0 2 0 t+ 0; 0 yt & (Ff Bee ae
Mora (Spain) —- Taimanov (USSR) P-Q3 9 N-KB3 Q x P+ 10 B-K3 B-N2
11 Q-K2 B-K2 12 N-B3 Q-N5 13
Ruy Lopez
R-KNI1 N-B3 14 0-0-0 0-0 15 P-Q5!
1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 B-N5 KR-K1 16 R-Q4 Q-BI 17 Q-Q3 R-NI1
P-OR3 4 B-R4 P-QN4 5 B-N3 N-R4 18 N-K4 P-QR4 19 B-N5 NxN 20
6 NxP NxB7 RPXN Q-K2 8 P-Q4 RxN B-B1 21 R-KR4(77) 21... P-R3
22 Bx P! PxB 23 N-N5 B-N2 24 RxP
wy Q-Q2 25 Q-R7+ K-Bl 26 N-K6+-

- PxXN 27 R-B6+ BxR 28 QxQ

BxQP 29 QxBP R/KI-Q1 30 K-N1
P-R5! 31 Q-KR7 R-N2 32 Q-N6 B-N2
Yes
‘tle

33 P-R4 Px P 34 PxP R-RI 35 P-R5

R/N2-R2 36 P-R6 B-Q5 37 K-B2
R-QB2+ 38 K-Q2 B5xNP 39 R-N1
B-QB6+ 40 K-K3 R-R7! 41 R-Ql
B-K4 42 P-R7 R-B6+ 43 R-Q3
R/B6-B7 44 Q-R6+ K-K2 45 RxB
PxR 0-1
 Student Olympiad, Uppsala, 1956 137

3 Student Olympiad, Uppsala

April 5-15, 1956
Some countries hesitated for quite a while about taking part in the
Student Olympiad — because of political disharmony between various
student federations. The competition in Uppsala, however, drew the
American student team, while the strong Soviet team played like a
machine.
The number of participating teams grew, and the competition was
played in four preliminary and two final groups (‘A’ and ‘B’). In the
A-final group, Korchnoi led at top board (80%), with 4 points out of
5 games, Lombardy at the second with 4} out of 6 (75%), future World
Champion Tal at the third with 4 out of 5 (80%) and Antoshin at the
fourth with 4 out of 5 (80%). Once again the Soviets held a monopoly
of the best reserves — Vasyukov (88%) and Lutikov (90%). In the
B-final group, however, the best at top board was Olafsson with
7 points out of 7 games, (in front of Persitz with 64%), at the second,
once again Palmason (Iceland), at the third Liebert (East Germany)
and at the fourth Th. Olafsson.
The English team was the only one not to have any reserves.
The Yugoslav team was a disappointment despite grandmasters
Ivkov and Matanovi¢ at the head.

Final A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 USSR aL 2 4 4 “7 Rents SS ae’4 Sorel
2 Hungary 2 KIO Bishu®s dedecrio2 3. 24 164
3 Yugoslavia 0 2 MevonsulvWk dosnt 2 34 15
4 Bulgaria 0 Ie J X wistent 2dr! Bhd abe 1h
5 Spain 1 Ld adit bothboos Xe QoleorBdn> 2401124
6 Czechoslovakia 4 2 Zebu eA) 2 Kel Uden 20 dd
7 Romania 2 ] 2 4 $( eid Wrleo®ow) 2yeslOF
8 USA l 14 4 ld 442 2 x 93
138 The World Student Team Championship

Final B Se ee(aren 6 amesbse fe ds bi a

9 Iceland mo? AB yp 1 ee 3 4 22
10 Poland Aah inte se 3 2 3 34 24 183
11 E. Germany ] 2 ee 3 3 3 32h 17%
12 England 0 ] 2 a p SE » "Se aoa
13. Finland + 2 ] 3 Xvi 2 2 2 124
14 France ] ] ] 3 2 Ko QO Tho 9h
15 Norway l 4 4 Zit lousxKins! 2asbiBy
16 Sweden O 14 #4 0 2 24 84
Tal (USSR) — Ivkov (Yugoslavia)
Ruy Lopez
1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 B-N5
P-OR3 4 B-R4 N-B3 5 0-0 B-K2 6
R-K1 P-QN4 7 B-N3 0-0 8 P-B3 P-Q3
9 P-KR3 N-OR4 10 B-B2 P-B4 11
P-O4 Q-B2 12 QN-Q2 B-Q2 13 N-B1
KR-K1 14 N-K3 P-N3 15 P-QN4
BP xNP 16 BPx P N-B5 17 NxNPXN
18 R-K3 B-KB1 19 B-N2! B-R3 20
R-R3 Q-N2 21 PXP QXNP 22 Q-O4! a 7
N-R4 23 Px P B-N2 24 P-K5 B-QB325 R-N1 Q-B3 30 R-N6 Q-BI 31 B-Q1
R-K3 BxN 26 B-B3!(78) 26... Q-N4 B-R3 32 BxN PxB 33 P-B5 1-0
27 PxB QR-Q1 28 P-B4 R-K3 29

4 Student Olympiad, Reykjavik

July 11-26, 1957
This was the ‘northern-most’ Student Olympiad. The Soviet team was
strong with Tal, Spassky, Polugaevsky, Gurgenidze, Nikitin and Gipslis
and won by a large margin.
Filip (Czechoslovakia) recorded the highest score at the first board
with 10 out of 13, Minev (Bulgaria) at the second with 84 out of 13,
Blatny (Czechoslovakia) at the third, with 9/12 and Tringov (Bulgaria)
at the fourth had 9} out of 12, while the best reserves were Nikitin
(7 out of 8) and Gipslis (7 out of 7). Larsen’s poor showing (5 out of 13)
was a surprise. If one evaluates the results according to percentage (as
was later adopted), then the best at top board was Tal with 85% —
83/10, on board two Spassky with 77-79% — 7/9, at the third, Polu-
gaevsky with 88-8% — 8/9 and on bottom board Tringov.
 Student Olympiad, Varna, 1957
Liv2 2 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12 13 14
1 USSR xX 2 34 3 Sil. 4090 9L31 4 2b d ASE
2 Bulgaria 2 x 34 Be irs Diedth Te hc pad A Edaabehg
3 Czechoslovakia 24 24 xX i Rs ees oh we 24 gn Kb
4 Hungary 2% 4 34 } $03) 42 2 3h 4 s809by 942
5 USA 3 4 4 ot Papi tcSy 2420 132 A rue BI
6 Romania a an ©» 1d Seok 2 dis Sy et oe 20
7 E. Germany 13 14 4 2 1 x P38, FP 2p ops. 98
8 Iceland 14 1 34 1d BI Mit th Braplageisy 97
9 England 1 14 3 Pearse SOM 9 ORC anor 932
10 Denmark 1 4 3 dT gpooqpy 1 ex 2068p ayer QI
11 Sweden Ld elt PoP Ega1e The Dekh 24 12 de 16
12 Ecuador PO 2 FAT ORO ME Oe ace eh ced
13 Mongolia 2 4 0 if 2 £0 220903 1 14
14 Finland 1 0 4 XK elas
Spee
OM
Ph
SHO}
OM 1d Ok aula eee aaa

Larsen (Denmark) —- Lombardy (USA)

King’s Indian
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-KN3 3
Ui BA
Y
N-QB3 B-N2 4 P-K4 P-Q3 5 P-B3
P-K4 6 P-Q5 QN-Q2 7 B-N5 0-0 8 W2%7Z
4
Q-O2 P-OR3 9 0-0-0 Q-K1 10 P-KN4!
R-NI1 11 KN-K2 P-N4 12 N-N3 PxP
y Vt
Yj
13 P-KR4! N-N3 14 K-N1 P-B3 15 Mare end :
RAY \ \
\N \N
4
iY

PxP QxP 16 QxP Q-N2 17 R-R2 \N g

SSS
B-K3 18 P-R5 N-K1 19 Q-K7 N-B2
20 N-B5! PxN 21 NPxP P-B3 22 US a
B-K3 KR-K1 23 Q-B5 B-B2 24 R-N2 R-Q3 34 RxB+ K-NI1 35 R-KN7+
K-R1 25 QxN/6QxQ 26 BxQ N-N4 K-B1 36 R x P R1-B3 37 B~-K7+ K-N1
27 NXN PXN 28 B-B7 R-N2 29 R-Q7 38 BxR KxR 39 P-K5 K-R3 40
R-QB1(79) 30 P-R6! Bx P31 BXKP!! P-B4 1-0
RxR 32 BxKBP+ B-N2 33 RxB

5 Student Olympiad, Varna

Fuly 5-20, 1958
Argentina sent a team to the Student Olympiad for the first time, with
interzonal tournament players Panno and Sanguinetti.
The Soviet team — Tal, Spassky, Gurgenidze, Gipslis, Nikitin and
Nikolaevky triumphed once again. Tal was in full form and was the top
player at first board with 84 points out of 10 games. The Mongolian
Tumurbator led on second board with 7} out of 10, the Pole Sydor at —
the third with 8 out of 10 and the Bulgarian Tringov at the fourth —
140 The World Student Team Championship
ee
E
64 out of 9 or 72:2%. Of the reserves, Nikitin scored 75% —- 3/4 and
Partos (Romania) 80% — 4/5.
Final A l 2
1 USSR x 24
2 Bulgaria 14 = xX
3 Czechoslovakia NO ]
4 Yugoslavia ]
5 Hungary 4 13
6 USA Seo
7 Argentina 4 2
8 E. Germany 14 ~ l
Final B 9 10* TI 19; igh 14588 159s
9 Romania Xx 1 34 ee ae. ae
10 Iceland 3 3 14 DP ot 2 Clee 4 aan
11 Holland WT 2h 1X 2 SY on’ 9 Mithad aye
12 Poland 2 3 2 Ke aDeGes ¢ ee MOAB.
13. Mongolia 4 ] F CRA Ae ape pis
14 Sweden ] 2 2 es Re lle. 29! hin
15 Albania $ Pia | Rain Negri 8 Gn oon 79 p14!
16 Ireland ] 0 0 ldid decay Ltoeldiaaea es
Bobotsov (Bulgaria) — Tal (USSR) 60 Tear? POY
Bt
King’s Indian
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-KN3 3
N-QB3 B-N2 4 P-K4 P-Q3 5 P-B3 0-0
6 KN-K2 P-B4 7 B-K3 QN-Q2 8
Q-Q2 P-OR3 9 0-0-0 Q-R4 10 K-Nl
P-QN4 11 N-Q5(80) 11... NxNI!! 12
QxQNxB 13 R-Bl1? NxBP 14RXN
PxR 15 N-BI R-N1 16 Bx PN-N3 17
B-N3 BxP 18 Q-Q2 B-KN2 19 N-K2
P-B5 20 B-B2 P-B6! 21 Q-O3 PxP 22 acmrae
N-Q4 B-Q2 23 R-Q1 KR-Bl 24 B-N3 27 QxXRP BXxN 28 PxB RI-QBI 29
N-R5 25 BxN BxB 26 N-N3 R-B6 Q-R4 R-B8+ 30 RXR RXR-+ 0-1

6 Student Olympiad, Budapest

June 30-Fuly 14, 1959
Bulgaria, which in the previous two Olympiads had won second place,
now succeeded in overtaking the Soviet team. The excellent Bulgarian
 — Student Olympiad, Budapest, 1959 141

team included several renowned players who made up their team for
the senior Olympiad — Padevski, Tringov, Popov, Dimitrov, Radev.
Gurgenidze, Nikitin, Gipslis, Nikolaevsky, Volovich and Liberzon
played for the Soviet team.
Portisch (Hungary) was superb at the first board with 104 points out
of 12 games, or 88%, Tringov at the second had 12 out of 13, or 92%,
Szabo (Romania) and Forintos (Hungary) on third board both scored
94 out of 12, or 79%, and Nikolaevsky at fourth board obtained 8 out
of 10, or 80%. Mititelu (Romania) and Liberzon were the top reserves
with 9 out of 10 or 90% and 64 out of 7 or 93% respectively.

1 Bulgaria
2 USSR Rox
3 Hungary
4 Romania
5 E. Germany NO
69

6 Czechoslovakia NS
[S%)toe
Bet
7 England x
8 Mongolia X
NN
weewo
me
Gof
Xe
9 Poland
10 Israel
11 France KO
wmnop
opt
popes
SM =—ih
feat pe
12 Sweden
13. Finland
gexXRH
oSeSsZeEx
eH
HH
XaRRRRoSoo
ONE
ee
st
(Se)
NO
G9
N
— NO

14 Ireland Gg
XOO
COM
MH
NNN
= So
he
et
eS
OMe OMSCOPE
te
XK
ND
SN Px
onePLa
Fen
eee ge
Do
pNP
Om
GX
OPN
=
OWOO
et
— ™ Ss
npr
nope
pops
aga
age
NYO
pg
09
ph
X09
HO Mou
S
ow
wo
eB
hom
&on mw
De
ND
Geoh Pre
&XWN Xp
RE
POO
hop
PP

Penrose (England) -
Séderborg (Sweden)
Scotch

1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 P-Q4

PxP 4 P-B3 PxP 5 NxP B-N5 6
B-QB4 KN-K2 7 N-KNS N-K4 8 B-N3
P-KR3 9 P-B4 PXN 10 PXN BXN+
11 PxB N-B3 12 0-ONxP 13 BX BP+
NxXB 14 RxXN!!(8/) 14... P-Q4!15
R-B2 Q-Q3 16 P-K5! Q-KR3 17 P-N3
B-B4 18 Q-R4+ P-B3 19 B-R3 P-N5S
20 R-K1 B-K5 21 P-B4? Q-R6! 22 K-B2? 25 Q-K7+ K-N3 26 Q-K6+
R-K3 B-B6 23 R-Q2 P-Q5?! 24 Q-N4 K-R2 27 RxB 1-0
142 The World Student Team Championship

7 Student Olympiad, Leningrad

july 15-August 2, 1960
This was a dramatic event. The American team — Lombardy, Kalme,
Weinstein, Saidy, Mednis and Hearst — succeeded in defeating the
favourites on their home ground. Once again the Soviet team was led by
Spassky. The Americans scored an important victory over the Soviet
Union: Spassky-Lombardy 0-1, Nikitin-Kalme 0-1, Nikolaevsky—
Weinstein 1-0, Klovan—Saidy 4-4, but created a sensation by losing to
Yugoslavia $-34!
Lombardy led on top board with 92% — 12 points out of 13 games —
in front of Spassky with 83% — 10/12. The best on second board
were the American Kalme with 88% — 114 out of 13 and Vukéevié
(Yugoslavia, now living in the United States) with the same result. The
third board was also dominated by two players with the same score:
Nikitin (USSR) and Weinstein (USA) who recorded 74 points out of
10 games — 75%. Keith Sales (England) was the best on fourth board
with 72% — 64 out of 9, while the best reserves were Klovan with 92%
and Csiszar (Hungary) 63%.
le2 ‘3 24 85. "6R7 9S 9710 1T 125s
1 USA x 24 43 2 4 3 4 3333 43 4 4 41
2 USSR 1} x 24 34 24 3 34 23 2 3 4 34 4 4 393
3 Yugoslavia 3h 14 xX 24 2 S$h020PS 3102) 4 Sho oe 237
4 Czechoslovakia bee lt x 2 2°13°5_.3 Selzer wis
5 Bulgaria Olt 2 2 XK 2602 14 2425S 2) Ee oT
6 Romania O 1 4 2 18 x 3$ 23 24 3 33 3 3 4 «30
7 E. Germany eh $ 14 24 2) Senex” Sues 28 4203S Ae Be
8 Holland* 0 14 1 1 2414 1 x 2 24 33 34 3 24 253
9 Hungary 4 2 1 1 11 12 x 1 4 2b 3 34 243
10 England 4 12 3413 11413 3 x 2 24 34 34 24
11 Sweden We OoO 2 E+ Qe eh 2 teu ee eee
12 Mongolia Did d OF 2 PDP OPAL 2- eerie rae 6
13 Finland OtOnO0 £°4 TY Oe 1 adel Cie HY 10
14 Belgium O70 2 O89 * Pee 8 ee el Se ee ae
(*Unofficial)

Spassky (USSR) - Lombardy (USA) P-K3 9 0-0 B-K2 10 P-OR3 P-R3! 11

Sicilian
B-K3 N-K4 12 B-R2 Q-B2 13 Q-K2
P-QN4 14 P-B4 N4-N5 15 P-R3 NxB
1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 P-Q3 3 P-Q4 16QxN0-0 17 OR-K1 P-K4! 18 N-B5
Px P 4NxP N-KB3 5 N-B3 P-QR3 6 BxN 19 PxB P-Q4!(82) 20 QxP
B-KN5 QN-Q2 7 B-QB4 Q-R4 8 Q-02 B-Q3 21 Q-K2 BxRP! 22 N-Ql
 Student Olympiad, Helsinki, 1961 143
QR-K1 23 Q-B3 B-B4+ 24 K-RI
RxR 25 RXR Q-R4 26 N-B3 P-N5
27 NXP QxB 28 NxN+ PXN 29
Q-B6 Q-B5 0-1

8 Student Olympiad, Helsinks

July 17-31, 1961
The Soviet student team regained the title and the Americans took
second place. Judging by the list of players on the American team, it
looked like a stronger team than that sent to Leningrad, for it included
international master Sherwin. Sherwin, however, had the lowest score
in his team — 4/6. Playing for the Soviet team were Stein, Bagirov,
Gufeld, Hodos and Kuindzhi, and for the Americans, Lombardy,
Weinstein, Sherwin, Kalme, Mednis, and Gilden.
Radulov (Bulgaria) led at the first board with 83% — 10 out of 12,
followed by Lombardy with 82% — 9 out of 11. Bagirov and Weinstein
led on second board with the same score, 82%, or 9 out of 11, while
Gufeld was the best at board three with 87% — 104 out of 12 and Hodos
at the fourth with 90% — 9/10.
The best reserves were Mabbs (England) with 5 points out of 7 games
~ 70% and Weber (East Germany) with 44 out of 6 — 75%.
Pe? °38'4°75 °6% 7° 8° 9 108TP els
1 USSR x 38 4 2-3 34.3 34 2$ 39° 4.434. 394
2 USA 1 x 24 2 24 3 24 3h 4 4 34 3 3 = 344
3 E. Germany O 13 x 24 2 1424 4 24 3 4 34 4 «31
4 Czechoslovakia ag 08 SSG Bagh OP Sis es eee Mate MaesBae: GH
5 Bulgaria 1 th 2°28. X% 26924 2. 2 °3 24 Se se. 29
6 Hungary el 2F 10 re x23 24°22 3° Sears +284
7 Holland Pld leh 2 BELO, 2 AS 2 2a 25
8 England £7 OF 1 2 1462 & 24 2 go Sad 20
9 Mongolia 14 0 1414 2 2 O 14 x 24 2 24 3 = 20
10 Denmark $0 ok) it Seok 2 2olde x 26.3% °3..' 19
11 Finland Owe 0 ela eo ee le x Oe Ee LSE
12 Sweden O14 1 4 014 1 «144 «0 x 24 «#10
13 Tunisia Sule BOS OOD OF Peek O4g ee 6
144 The World Student Team Championship

Stein (USSR) —- Zinn (E. Germany) PxXB N-R4 17 N-Q4! PxXN 18 QxB
QR-KI 19 B-B4! OxB 20 QXN Q-B3
King’s Indian Attack
21 RxXP R-K7 22 R-KB4 Q-QN3 23
1 N-KB3 P-Q4 2 P-KN3 P-QB4 3 B-N2 P-QN4 N-N2 24 P-QR4 N-Q3 25
N-QB3 4 0-0 P-K4 5 P-Q3 B-K2 6 PxP NxP 26 Q-B6 R-QB7 27 QxQ
QN-Q2 N-B3 7 P-K4 B-N5 8 P-KR3 PxQ 28 RxQBP RxXQBP 29 R-B6
B-K3 9 Q-K2 PxP 10 PxP 0-0 11 P-B4 30 B-B1 RXR 31 PxXR N-Q3 32
P-B3 N-Q2 12 N-B4 P-QN4 13 N-K3 R-Q1 N-B1 33 B-B4+ K-R1 34 P-B7
P-B5 14 R-QI Q-B2 15 N-O5 BXN 16 P-N3 35 R-Q8 K-N2 36 B-K6 1-0

9 Student Olympiad, Marianske Lazne

July 7-22, 1962
The Olympiad was scheduled to take place in England, but as the
organizers could not guarantee visas for all the participants, Czecho-
slovakia came to the rescue at the last moment and agreed to organize
the tournament.
The Soviet team, led once again by Spassky, took the title, followed
by the energetic Yugoslav team. It is interesting to note that in the
preliminaries, Yugoslavia played three matches with only three players
and succeeded in qualifying for the A-final.
Spassky dominated first board with 74 out of 9, Minié (Yugoslavia)
the second (7 out of 8), Kuijpers (Netherlands) the third with 9 out of 11
and Savon (USSR) the fourth: 6 out of 7. The best reserves were
Hodos (USSR) with 74 out of 9 and Beach (England) with 64 out of 7.

Final A live \2 3 4 5 TV ENGI AS

1 USSR KO eB OVD! YQAAV Gy BE SPOLE OBE Oy ae
2 Yugoslavia la oe 82k 98 200 2" 9 eee oo
3 Czechoslovakia 2h Th 8 & de 24 3. 2 24 Ameag
4 E. Germany 2% 2 2b & 124 ole 2 le Be eee
5 Romania Leh 2 Mele Se e208 Sk Oe 164
6 Bulgaria i ae wel pe et) OM See ee 144
7 Hungary 44 Gk 2k a & 2] & F2E ee 134
8 Poland Of # O16 42:4 (2092) old oo eae
9 Mongolia BO A I? FOG Pie aan, |S 64
 Student Olympiad, Budva, 1963 145

Final B LQ S12 NES de Sol F ahd FL

10 Holland Pe 2 OD Sis 1S Guedes 23
11 England 2s 2a 2 34 24 214
12 Israel ya le ae | 2 214
13. Denmark Qe ape ayrsttn 21
14 Finland ein Qe Gods 17
15 Cuba Par a a lan 114
16 Belgium Les Qed 10
17 Sweden Ly lee OLeer0 94
18 Scotland ee On ae 9

Spassky (USSR) - Cirié (Yugoslavia) 83

Sicilian

1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 N-KB3 3

P-K5 N-Q4 4 N-B3 P-K35NxNPXN
6 P-Q4 N-B3 7 PxP BxP 8 QxP
Q-N3 9 B-QB4 BxP-+ 10 K-K2 0-0
11 R-BI B-B4 12 N-N5 NxP? 13
QxN P-O4 14 QxQP! R-K1+ 15
K-B3 Q-KB3-+ 16 K-N3 B-Q3+ (83) es
17 R-B4!! B-K3 18 NxB RxN 19
QxB! Q-N3+ 20 R-N4 R-K6+4+ 21
BxRQxQ+ 22 K-B2 R-K1 23 R-B4 26 R-B3 K-N2 27 R-Q1 P-B3 28
R-K2 24 B-N3 Q-K4 25 R-K1 P-KN4 K-NI1 P-N5 29 B-Q4! 1-0

10 Student Olympiad, Budva

July 5-21, 1965
The Olympiad in this Yugoslav summer resort on the Adriatic coast
witnessed several contenders for the title. Yugoslavia put up a strong
team in Parma, Mini¢, Buki¢, Marovié, Nemet and Ostoji¢, as did the
United States with Lombardy, Weinstein, Zuckerman, Sweig and
Cunningham. The Soviets showed up with rising young players and for
the first time went home without a medal. The balanced Czechoslovak
team took the title with Hort, Jansa, Janata, Trapl, Augustin and
Kupka.
The best individual board scores were Hollis (England) with
74 points out of 9 games (83-39%), Hodos (USSR) with 64 out
of 9 (72:2%), Janata (Czechoslovakia) with 8 out of 10 (80%),
Trapl with 64 out of 8 (81-2%), while among the reserves Augustin
146 The World Student Team Championship

(Czechoslovakia) had 54 out of 7 (78:59) and Ostojié (Yugoslavia)

5 points out of 5 games.
Final A Wet d2iy 83 Se 6oA7 4 BMSs NO
1 Czechoslovakia x 24 14 Fh ig” /igth hg SORT ane
2 Yugoslavia ig gly i e 5 ay 3 lle ees Sia.Ya ts
3 Bulgaria 24 24k xX ly Mea # GOS Sete)voy, p21
4 USSR 4.2926 oh 3.0 Bycndis 0D oeona eames
5 USA 7ae ES yf 2901 0) AS eee
6 Holland dig side 5 PX) 2) 2 re
7 Poland 1 O lf Et aang 2 iA? weesyooke
8 Mongolia 1 13 14 ian? he as
9 Hungary It 1 I$ L It 1d old oceans
10 Italy O 4 O33 4 EX OND1.4 1 1
O-rNNE eee
Final B Rive oP 14:31 SnalGeelamakeurd9
11 England ey! 2 Bh. a3iniB.4 y40 9G BSE
12 Germany BrRx 2QLA-Si OBP-I AL P41? EQay
13 Finland 14 4 315294 94 3 SH Bhtogi
14 Sweden drupe 2 Kina Odeo by: Aneesh Le
15 Tunisia bees. | rope
G9
not
poh
OX
N
©
— OU i ep I ety foYs
16 Cuba 1 4 lpa2h x alk 3h-4 tal5
17 Belgium 0 0 HI ELL A DASHA DQ ht
18 Turkey 4 ¢ 0-1 PES 89D Senige flo
19 Scotland 0 1 rH
m—
—
— Lut 2 ys Od ieee
Tringov (Bulgaria) — 16 BxB NxB 17 PxN Q-B44+ 18
Parma (Yugoslavia) K-R1 B-K2 19 P-OR3! R-OBI 20
Sicilian
PxP QxBP 21 RXP QxQ 22 RxQ
R-QNI1 23 B-Q2 0-0 24 B-B3 P-R4 25
1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 P-Q3 3 P-Q4 P-KN3 P-N3 26 P-B6 BxP 27 RxP
PxP 4 NxP N-KB3 5 N-B3 P-QR3 B-K2 28 R-Q7 Bx P29 BxP R/NI-Q1
6 B-QB4 P-K3 7 B-N3 P-QN4 8 P-B4 30 RXR RXR 31 B-B6 R-Q2 32 K-N2
QN-Q2 9 P-B5 P-K4 10 N-B6 Q-B2 11 R-N2 33 R-QBI K-R2 34 K-B3 B-BIl
N-N4 B-N2 12 N4-Q5 Q-R4 13 0-0 35 R-B6 B-N2 36 B-B3 R-Q2 37 P-Q6
P-N5 14NxXN+ NXN 15 N-Q5 BxN B-B1 38 R-B8 1-0

11 Student Olympiad, Cracow

July 18—August 2, 1964
The well-prepared Soviet team, with Antoshin and Kapengut as new-
comers, regained the title. The other teams did not introduce great
changes in their composition with respect to the last Olympiad, but
 Student Olympiad, Cracow, 1964 147

their standing altered considerably. Lombardy offered average play for |

the American team, while Weinstein was a disappointment. The
Hungarians recorded a notable jump in their rating, while the Yugo-
slavs moved down a few places.
The Romanian Gheorghiu achieved 84 out of 10 on first board (85%),
Hodos 83 out of 11 (77-27%) on second, Kovacs (Hungary) 104 out of
13 (80-77%) on third, and Mnatsakanian (USSR) 10 out of 11
(90-9%) at fourth board. Of the reserves the best scores were achieved
by Polgar (Hungary) 78-5°% and Mozes (Romania) 80%.

Final A PADQAS PONS DIG WAG LESLEY O16 TE] 2942

1 USSR x 24 3 24 24 3 34 34 24 3 3h 2 314
2 Czechoslovakia Ldn X te2h o2 192. Sag 2b 2b 58 bed 2k ah, 293
3 Hungary ] ide 1 See Bh 3h 3 34 624,38 3h 29
4 USA TEV e OT Le 2 LS ee Se 2 Oe eo
5 Yugoslavia ot ey ee ee OO a ed Le Oe Fae
6 Poland 1 AND OF CBW ZS RAR) 27002139) 2b).63% 2G
7 Israel 4 14 4 1. 1 #2) x 34 14 24 3 #1419
8 Bulgaria dempdt tole) LEII2$ ( \20.1#) oXredd | B34 dive 32518
9 E. Germany 1401 yd OOo ad, 24.24) X. 29,2834. 18
10 Mongolia DSUAT Oy 2 ole) 71g el 2 ee 2e 2a 16s
11 Denmark e81d'°'4°°4 4 14 1 38 WOW Ox OS OC5R
12 Austria 2 Ofe 18001 2 1 §¢ Ie 4 Rxind

Final B Pog ato ib LY League)

13 Romania ee ee Oe Lens Oe ae Teo
14 England ZACK VBE OD Ql 12a reeir4- 223
15 Holland 1 $ x 15 34 3 3 34 4 = 20
16 Finland 20. 1 2k wre, bn pba talon’) 102
17 Sweden Sep liee t 93 24. Sige 2 2 Sey L7
18 Cuba Dee ae eke ae Ly yOu ie cae
19 Iceland bee, | Lis LE Boe, Se ork
20 Italy #e gE VD CQ0 UVR See
21 Belgium *j/0 00 40). 0.0) 0 nQalid 4

Minié (Yugoslavia) —
Lee (England)

Sicilian

1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 P-Q3 3 P-Q4

PxP 4NxP N-KB3 5 N-QB3 P-KN3
6 B-K3 B-N2 7 P-B3 N-B3 8 B-QB4
0-0 9 B-N3 B-Q2 10 P-KR4 N-K4 11
P-R5 NxRP 12 Q-Q2 R-BI 13 0-0-0
N-QB5 14 BxN RxB 15 P-KN4
N-B3 16 B-R6 BxB 17 QxB
148 The World Student Team Championship

RXN/6(84) 18 P-N5!!N-R419RxXN! PXB RxXQBP+ 23 NxR QxP 24

PxR 20 R-R1 Q-Bl 21 RXP B-B4.22 P-N6! 1-0

12 Student Olympiad, Sinaia

July 25-August 9, 1965

While the Soviet Union retained its title, several changes were regis-
tered in the standings of the other teams. The greatest success was
recorded by the Israeli team, which even managed to defeat the Soviet
team. The Danish team also fared well, as did the English, whose
players Lee and Basman stood out on first and second boards with 7
points out of 12 and 8 out of 12 respectively.
The best results according to boards were: Savon with 9 out of 11
(81-89%), Spiridonov (Bulgaria) with 94 out of 12 (79-2%), Sloth
(Denmark) with 104 out of 12 (87-59%), and Kagan (Israel) with 9
points out of 11 games (81-8%). The best reserve players were Skrob
(Austria) 90% and Shipov (USSR) 91:6%.

Final A 1 A129 51 1 B. So 1h. eee

1 USSR xX »Ae Bo 2 oe i ede eee
2 Israel 4+ -X¢ ly #4 2S 20M ae
3 Denmark lL aS»x&ke 2 32 24 4&@& Ib betholld
4 Romania 2 xlg%4 2 x 2 24 2 2 beSHoMiae
5 Czechoslovakia ba? ae SMART RA CS CID RI I hi
6 England 14-1) 1k, 1h. 24) xk «24 25 14 144
7 E. Germany 4 »-2 0 OF «Qn: Zhao ld owe 8 ppeeas
8 Hungary OS PIP Qh QS QUITE ee he Pee
9 Holland 14°60 8 le 4-0 624° 12° 2 nti OF

Final B 10.4 1lss 22 n6'3 yd 45 slSe MG gale

10 Bulgaria HEM QUEERS HSSRS A DE aes
11 Austria Td K 2 92953) Bh 8h Sh rage
12 Finland Loy 1peOx! ¢ 4-1 404-21 ¢ 340BeaE19
13 Sweden 4 2 PAOD KROQ GRE ME SIG
14 Tunisia Lo See or oe
15 Scotland 0. wit _p2ipdetin he Aer eee ae
16 Cuba 14 edethomd ¢ Beg Onur? ceed
17 Belgium Od Gok. O Stas QamQncind ene
 Student Olympiad, Orebro, 1966 149

Kavalek (Czechoslovakia) — P-QB4 4 KN-B3 N-QB3 5 P-KN3

Hodos (USSR) N-B3 6 B-N2 B-K2 7 0-0 0-0 8 P-K5
Sicilian N-Q2 9 R-K1 P-QN4 10 P-KR4
P-QR4 11 N-Bl P-R5 12 P-R5 P-N5
1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 P-K3 3 P-Q4 13 P-R6 P-N3 14 B-B4 P-R6 15 P-N3
PxP 4 NxP P-QR3 5 N-QB3 Q-B2
B-R3 16 Q-Q2 R-BI1 17 NI-R2 N-R2
6 B-K3 N-KB3 7 B—-Q3 P-QN4 8 P-K5 18 B-N5 N—N4 19 Q-B4 R-B2 20 N-N4
QxP 9 Q-B3 P-Q4 10 0-0-0 B-Q3 11 N-Q5 21 BXB NxN+ 22 BkKN QxB
P-KN4 B-N2 12 Q-R3 B-K2 13 P-B4
23 BX P PxB 24 P-K6 N-N3 25QxR!
Q-B2 14 P-N5 N-K5 15 BXN PxB 16
Q xQ 26 N-B6+ K-R1 27 P-K7 Q-N1
P-N6 BPx P 17 N4x KP Q-B1 18 P-B5 28 PxR=Q+ QxQ 29 R-K8 QxR
K-B2 19 PxP+ PxP 20 KR-Bl+ 30 NxQ B-B1 31 N-B6 B-K3 32 R-K1
B-KB3 21 N-N5+ K-NI1 22 R-Q8+! N-B1 33 Nx QP N-Q3 34 N-B4 N-N4
1-0. This game was awarded the 35 R-K5 N-B6 36 R x P K-N1 37 RXN
brilliancy prize. PxXR 38 NxXBPxWN 39 K-N2 K-B2 40
K-B3 1-0
Lee (England) — Radulov (Bulgaria)
King’s Indian Attack
1 P-K4 P-K3 2 P-Q3 P-Q4 3 N-Q2

13 Student Olympiad, Orebro

July 30-August 14, 1966
For the first time a team from Puerto Rico attended this tournament,
and their player Kaplan recorded the best result on third board. ‘The
new Soviet star Tukmakov also stood out at the Olympiad.
The English team placed well, but could have done even better with
such strong players as Lee, Basman, Hartston, Keene, Whiteley and
Poutrus.
The best individual boards were: Hort (Czechoslovakia) 11 points
out of 13 (84-6%), Kuzmin (USSR) 73 out of 10 (759%), Kaplan 84 out
of 11 (77-39%), Kapengut (USSR) 7% out of 8 (93-9%), and reserves:
Moe (Denmark) 74 out of 8 (93-89%) and Tukmakov 9 points out of
9 games.
150 The World Student Team Championship

Final A 5 6) 7 SB ShelOwIy ae
1 USSR 39 3.04 3 3 SHED ooheE
2 Czechoslovakia 3.9. 22.18), 3) Ob) So eee
3 Denmark y RiesGE Ss WS WHI
4 Yugoslavia 5 ESSty2 ay 5 ake}Sell alae Soap yo
5 Romania ar hanes Salt Biers a'sSige Lig) hgh
6 Israel Ph NE Os SSS Y ee
7 England 1, St Kk a oe See ee
8 E. Germany iT! Sf ee 3 ote ee
9 Bulgaria 13 SOE TINS: ed ee
10 Hungary Slt) te Dyn oe dee
11 Holland awh sented beighFn ypEe. Pp nes
12 Finland IDX
eee
ee
wh
me EL
HH
ENN
XRe
w Saat: Sunda wiles aiiber’ Siting“yi deny egy
Final B 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
13 Sweden epee 1h. Sh. 22. Stes eee
14 Cuba % 28 See. Sd eee ee
15 Puerto Rico 2 xX 3 25, Pep eaiig tag
16 Scotland 1-183" 40d COM SB OuST BE
17 Switzerland 1d 1p 3S geo (aR ey Meta
18 Iceland bon?2 onSrvbp>incver2 wepe SPaI6
19 Tunisia on. OC 1k 2 ee
20 Belgium dsdcy 1d Cle ie 69k
21 Ireland tarleds Wri bagee wb? Joe Yani dene c oes
Gheorghiu (Romania) - P-K4 11 0-0 R-K1 12 Q-O2 N-Q2 13
Savon (USSR) R/QBI-Q1 PxP 14 NxP N2-B4 15
King’s Indian
B-N1 Q-N3 16 P-B4! Q-N5 17 P-B5
N-Q2 18 B-R6 B-R1 19 N-B3 R-R2 20
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-KN3 3 P-B5! N3xP 21 B-R2 N-B3 22 QxP
N-QB3 B-N2 4 P-K4 P-Q3 5 P-B3 0-0 P-N3 23 N-KN5 Px P 24. QxP R2-K2
6 B-K3 P-B3 7 B-Q3 P-QR3 8 P-QR4 25 P-K5 B-QN2 26 Q-Q6 Q-N5 27
P-QR4 9 KN-K2 N-R3 10 R-QBI R-Q2 R-Q2 28 QxR 1-0

14 Student Olympiad, Harrachov

July 15-31, 1967
The American team — Zuckerman, Verber, Gilden, Kaufman, Soltis
and Martz — took a surprising second place, in spite of the fact that the
majority of its players were unknown in Europe. The greatest surprise
of the Olympiad, however, was the success of the English team, for the
English students barely qualified for the A-final. The greatest sensation
was when they defeated the Soviet team in the sixth round by the high
score of 3-1: Basman-—Savon 1:0, Hartston—Tukmakov 4:4, Keene-
 Student Olympiad, Harrachov, 1967 151

Kuzmin 4:4, Whiteley-Gulko 1:0. ‘The most glorious round in the

entire history of English participation in Student Olympiads,’ said Ray
Keene,
Holaszek (Austria) fared best on first board with 7 out of 9 (77:8%),
Tukmakov on second with 84 out of 11 (77-49%), Farago (Hungary) at
the third with 7 out of 9 (77-8%), B. Kristjansson (Iceland) on fourth
with 74 out of 10 (75%), followed by Bukacek (Austria) with 6 out of 6
and Nagy (Hungary) with 44 out of 5 (90%).

Final A eee RON eth COM TO

1 USSR Db eek eal hist iuc lsdGR a VAC
2 USA eee tard BION 8. Sev 1s Duy 99
3 England ene La 6 1h Bite te de a
4 Czechoslovakia 24 24 24 0 21 29" eB Soro Nyoy
5 Romania ye ees meld eed Pd Bore TOL
6 E. Germany COON Sih Oe eee Or te aoe E19
7 Yugoslavia ak, BG Et ae ore Tot
8 Bulgaria 4 4 22 fet wer cast me ny
9 Denmark i ek) PA ie oipgy agana hands idle ae
10 Sweden Oe? OY fe e-ar ty Rao Ble aon

Final B deligw b2 1415 16 17 18 19

11 Hungary x (ke Sani Dh ded Psa did 4 904
12 Austria 2( EX Diic2h ABE (2a Bay a fede dhs
13 Iceland 24 24 2. PEDIE AL, 2a Bd el G
14 Holland Tein, <ued WS. ulde, 2) weedle
15 Belgium 14 14 ae 19-8) 2, 13 15E
16 Finland O 4 GL ok 8 Bales
17 Scotland 1 14 92 2 | x .24 wobrs14}
18 Cuba O #¢ Bd Bh) Waerslesl al
19 Ireland 0 O 2 i) dk phhvohadosed 6

Basman (England) — Savon (USSR) 13 B-R4 QR-Q1 14 B-N3 Q-B1 15

N4-N5!? Px P 16 PxP B-Q4 17 N-K5
QP: Torre
Q-N2 18 P-B3 P-QR3 19 Q-B2! N-R4
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 N-KB3 P-KN3 3 20 Q-K2 NxB 21 PxXN P-N4 22
B-N5 B-N2 4 QN-Q2 P-QB4 5 P-K3 P-QR4 P-KR3? 23 N/N5xP! Q-N3
P-ON3 6 P-QB3 B-N2 7 B-Q3 0-0 8 24 BXKNP NxN 25 NxXN BXN 26
0-0 P-04?! 9 Q-NI QN-Q2 10 R-K1 BxR BxQP+ 27 K-R2 RxB 28
R-K1 11 P-K4 QPxP 12 NxP Q-B2 PxP PxP 29 QR-Q1 B-B2 30 P-B4
152 The World Student Team Championship

P-N5? 31 Q-N4+ K-RI 32 Q-R4

Q-KB3??(85) 33 RxB! QxR 34
QxRP+ K-NI 35 R-K5 B-R7 36
R-KN5+ K-B2 37 R-KB5+ K-NI1 38
R-KN5+ K-B2 39 Q-R5+ K-B1 40
R-KB5+ Q-B3 41 RxQ+ PxR 42
Q-QB5+ 1-0

15 Student Olympiad, Ybbs

July 13-29, 1968
The surprise of the Olympiad in this Austrian town was the West
German team which took part in the tournament for the first time. They
scored the same number of points as the winner of the title, but lost the
match with Yugoslavia and therefore the gold medal. Playing in the
West German team were Pfleger, Hiibner, Pollak, Dueball, Klundt
and Ostermeyer.
The best among the players competing in the A-final were: Smejkal
(Czechoslovakia) with 10 points out of 13 games (76-99%), Hiibner with
8 out of 10 (80%), Atanasov (Bulgaria) with 9 out of 12 (75%),
Mozes (Romania) with 6 out of 9 (66-6%), followed by Babev (Bul-
garia) with 4 out of 5 (80%) and Kupreichik (USSR) with 63 out of 7
(92°8%).

Final A f 2 8S: @3s C7 Be sSonme

1 USSR x 2 2 24 24 24 3 34 2h 3h 243
2°W.Germany 2 x 23 34 3 34 24 14 4 820244
3 Czechoslovakia 14 14 x 2 24 2 4 24 2 :2$°:203
4 Bulgaria leo #) 2K 2 Se TY 2a eee
5 USA ld: lageldeu2 - ofvedtiglbe. 2bastaee dalG
6 Denmark Ld BUGQtHdd Zbow, Ki opQw eB how Quct Bees TS
7 Iceland Perth FOr 24: 2b alow X 2h eldee diepdae
8 Yugoslavia 4 24 14 14 2 #14 14 XK «14 «3» 54
9 Romania 1d pOj0o2 vulbaal) p2n0 Stig 2hut eee ceteesa
10 E. Germany $4902 sodden 2-n92y 2 Zio nleuetaretieele
 Student Olympiad, Dresden, 1969 153

Final B FDeHE2 O13 14) 150) 16° 217) 18%19)720

11 Israel xf 2H BF Bo Qe $24 Qin Shey 45400274
12 England Idoiuc& .24 24 14 3 224 24 34 3 224
13. Norway 4% 14x 2 bBin V302k. LBuvi Bk Bh e224
14 Austria Lis gylidyy x2 X 3°52 $03 1405184 BP o2t
15 Finland AeAQEY U1 li xg DS oe Qe SS
16 Switzerland Py tL iy 2.3 eX Tae 3 tedk ee Be
17 Scotland 14 14 14 hk 4} Zhi 320" 22h Wohd4
18 Ireland 4+ 14 1 Be ee Dawe X ave epieoe r Lae
19 Brazil Bote. 4 ee 1 ..205..2 een de 112
20 Greece Ral 2S 0g 2 Sole UR obo ds oy:hive 84

Final C 21 ee 23 24 25
21 Holland x & 14 ae 5 S| 2h 2h SAH
22 Italy 24 14 x RR EE PA ED BE ae Sy
23 France eh pre AOR Kae os ees [ee
24 Sweden 14 14 14 3 Wey lhe Wate Sais wipe « aud ee |
25 Belgium - 0 id eee OR +2h) RVR ROG

Westerinen (Finland) — Kagan (Israel) Q-R6 N-K6 19 R-B3 B-Bl 20 Q-R3

NxBP 21 R-QBI NxRP 22 N-N3
Caro Kann
N-N4 23 Nx P! N-B3 24 P-Q5! B-R6
1 P-K4 P-QB3 2 P-O4 P-Q4 3 N-QB3 25 Q-R6 B-BIl 26 Q-R4 N-Q3 27
PxP 4 NxP B-B4 5 N-N3 B-N3 6 N-R6+ BXxN 28 BxN Q-R4 29 QxB
B-QB4 P-K3 7 N1-K2 N-B3 8 0-0 R-K8+ 30 RxR QxR+ 31 R-Bl
B-Q3 9 P-B4 Q-B2 10 K-R1 B-KB¢4 11 N-B4 32 QxRP+ KxQ 33 RxQ
NxBPxN 12 P-QN3 QN-Q2 13 B-N2 Px P 34 P-KN4 N-R3 35 R-K3 R-QB1
0-0 14 B-Q3 P-KN3 15 Q-K1 KR-K1 36 R-R3 R-B8+ 37 K-N2 R-Q8 38
16 Q-R4 N-Q4 17 P-QR3 Q-QI1 18 P-N5 R-Q7-+ 39 K-B1 1-0

16 Student Olympiad, Dresden

August 1-17, 1969

The Soviet students had an easier time of it here than at the previous
Olympiad. Yugoslavia, whose team did not boast well-known players,
did surprisingly well, while England succeeded in returning to the
A-final and placed well.
Spassov (Bulgaria) fared best at the first board among players
competing in the A-final, scoring 94 points out of 13 games
 154 The World Student Team Championship

(73-1%). Podgaets (USSR) had 8 out of 10 (80%) at the second board,

Ljubojevié (Yugoslavia) 94 out of 13 (73-1%) on third, Georgadze
(USSR) 6% out of 8 (81-2%) on fourth, while the reserves Averkin
(USSR) recorded 7 out of 7 and Kupreichik (USSR) 74 points out of 8
(93-8%).

Final A Mm aes 4. 2 @& fo 8 - enee

1 USSR x2 @ &@ WR & & 5 Siete
2 Yugoslavia 2 PerwH 2 3 8 26 34 2 iebae2es
3 Bulgaria it 2k 2 8 1 Sb) 23) Seon
4 W. Germany )20 0, 202) Xv 2k Se ol ee
5°E.’Germany pol} pol ldeeX 2be3 1 St Qe ule
6 England bh | @ me H&K Me 2 | Seeolee
7 USA rk WH 3 st 24 pw 2 8 hole
8 Romania Lynd las 2d) Base Qor Qwn Koma ibe
9 Denmark eh co2y alps: QeorgkengOs teglpe Zeek Oe ele
10 Czechoslovakia 0 2 1 #1 14 #21 2 2 1 =x ~=12

_ Final B i D2) gl S14 LS. Gay toler Rae

11 Israel Xt 2h oztw 2 S 2b 24 26 (20 sae
12 Hungary 14 x 3 26 24 34 14 2 4 3 23%
13 Iceland 14, 1 xK 26 2b 14 24 3 34 4 22
14 Norway TN Fe Ot aS Bikt (2 in 2a” eee eee
15 Austria Lyte Eble P5 Sia She Oe, 2h Be ee eee
16 Cuba 1d 504 ne 2h g 2 wld orX78 25.92, WS als
17 Finland 14 24 14 14 #1 =421 x «2b 34 24 173
18 Sweden Tp S645 cP 31h 8! 20-2 EAST KMS DIAGF
19 Philippines 22:0 34 1691602 74 2) Siceeoe ee
20 Greece 0 2 1230 480 Zid 2h1) S145) 2 Bele aee

Final C 21 22 U2 ok et fete
21 Scotland x 24 2 4 4 4 1643
22 France 14 x 14 4 34 34 14
23 Ireland 2 24 x 13 34 24 12
24 Tunisia 02000 2hsixou'’s Dake
25 Dominican R. 0 sidiw) slow lvigxetichet 16
26 Belgium Oo ¢ 14 4 0 xXx 2
 Student Olympiad, Haifa, 1970 155

Spassov (Bulgaria) —
Plachetka (Czechoslovakia)
Pirc

1 P-K4 P-KN3 2 P-O4 B-N2 3 N-QB3

P-Q3 4 B-KN5 P-QB3 5 Q-Q2 N-Q2
6 P-B4 P-N4 7 N-B3 N-N3 8 B-Q3
N-B3 9 0-0 0-0 10 QR-K1 P-N5 11
N-Q1 P-B4 12 P-B3 NPxP 13 NPxP
PxP 14 PxP B-N2 15 P-B5! PxP 16
B-KR6 PxP 17 Q-N5 N-K1 18 BxB
NxB 19 Q-R6! N-B4! 20 Q-R3 P-K3
21 BXP BXB 22 RXB K-R1 23 N-K3
NxN 24 R-R4Q-B3!25RxP+K-NI 32 QxQ N-Q7 33 QxBP+ K-R2 34
26 R-R6 Q-N2 27 R-R5 P-B3 28 Q-B5+ 1-0
N-N5(86) 28... NxR? 29 QxP+

17 Student Olympiad, Haifa

August 3-22, 1970
Political circumstances in the Middle East were reflected in the pre-
parations for this Olympiad. This was the subject of considerable debate
at the FIDE Congress, which considered the site for convening the
competition. The different feelings concerning the site of the competi-
tion affected the final number of participating teams. Eleven teams
arrived, playing in one group. The United States came with a balanced
team of players and England, in spite of the absence of Keene, Hartston
and Whiteley, placed relatively well.

Mar Qas Sauet bard 1116) vhiinBor G& o2lOnwkh

1 USA x 3 14 3 3h 14 3 2 34 24 4 273
2 England emt $s (2 26 (Se Shoe Dond etvArsiBHi264
3)Wy Getmany)/24: 12% 01 X bo iQiocd era8eiy Qsivod wrk) 3s 14.026
4 Israel 168 Qovivi2ed KOMEN Po Qk Qvowbdr SE +307228
5 Switzerland é$8) 2% she 2hooros2e P20 2h Bio 2° Bh 24
6 Iceland Zev Les VY Qhie dk vomen3 $e Bes (206-22) 2d 21g
7 Sweden BAT AO Qe Par Qg Wve, O8F VZmaey) 410 19g
8 Austria MUM E (PE E2, Ligwdakeoy $f tok bt wOds BPVED
9 Scotland rey Sey We VR of CQ OL RS 8d Se 6S
10 Finland 14 0 1 $4 2 Ld S10} K-44 4D
11 Greece OMe yee wor TE OA OOO KOS
156 The World Student Team Championship
Levy (Scotland) - Basman (England) Wright (England) -
Pritchett (Scotland)
Sicilian
Old Indian
1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 P-K3 3 P-Q4
PxP4NxP P-QR3 5 N-QB3 P-QN3 1 N-KB3 N-KB3 2 P-B4 P-Q3 3 P-Q4
6 B-Q3 B-N2 7 0-0 P-N3 8 N-N3 B-N5 4 N-B3 QN-Q2 5 P-KN3 BxN
B-N2 9 P-B4 P-B4 10 PxP NPxP 11 6 PxB P-K4 7 P-Q5 B-K2 8 P-B4 0-0
B-K3 N-K2 12 Q-R5-+ K-B1 13 B-K2 9 PxP NxKP 10 P-B4 N4-N5 11
R-N1 14 B-B3 BxB 15 QxB QN-B3 P-KR3 N-R3 12 B-Q3 R-K1 13 Q-B3
16 QR-Q1 R-N1 17 R-Q2 Q-B2 18 P-B3 14 B-Q2 B-B1+ 15 K-Bl N-Q2
Q-B2 BxN! 19 PxB N-Q4 20 RXN 16 P-KN4 K-R1 17 R-K1 Q-N3 18
PxXR 21 R-QI1 N-K2 22 R-Q3 R-N5 P-N3 RxR+ 19 BxR N-QB4 20
23 P-KR3 R-N3 24 B-Bl K-B2 25 B-QB2 N-NI1 21 B-B2 N-B3 22 P-N5
Q-R4 RI-N1 26 QxP+ K-KI1 27 N3-Q2 23 B-Q4 K-NI1 24 P-KR4
R-Q2 QxQBP 28 R-K2 R-K3 29 P-OR4 25 P-R5 Q-R3 26 Q-N4 PxP
Q-R5+ K-Q1 30 B-R3 Q-N2 31 27 Q-B5 N-K5 28 NxN PxP 29
BxN+ KxB 32 Q-R4+ K-KI1 33 N-B6-- NxN 30 PxN BPxP+ 31
Q-B2 R-K5 34 N-Q2 RxR 35QxR+ B-Q3 P-KN3 32 KRPxP Q-B3 33
Q-K2 36 Q-Q3 Q-K8+ 37 K-R2 PxBP+ KxP 34 RxP+ K-Kl1 35
Q-B7 38 QxQP QxBP+ 39 K-RI Q-K6+ K-Q1 36 B-ON6+ 1-0
R-N3 40 N-B4 R-K3 0-1

18 Student Olympiad, Mayagiiez

July 1-17, 1971
For the first time the Student Olympiad was held in the Americas. All
earlier Olympiads, with the exception of the 1970 Olympiad which
was held in Haifa, took place on the European continent. As a result,
this Puerto Rican student centre drew many teams from the Americas,
including Canada, which took part for the first time and afforded a
great surprise in revealing that it had young and talented players.
Kaplan’s victory over Soviet grandmaster Tukmakov in the pre-
liminaries was unexpected.
In the A-group, Soviet players recorded the best results at individual
boards: ‘Tukmakov 7 out of 9 (77:79), Balashov 64 out of8 (81:2%),
Karpov 7} out of8 (93-8%). Podgaets 7 out of8 (87-59%), Kuzmin 74
out of 8 (93-8%) and Razuvaev 7 out of 7.
 Student Olympiad, Graz, 1972 157

Final A BR BOE BeBe ty Ao Ba) GB

1 USSR x 84 @ 2t 44 4 4 NBR F294
2 USA ek OBB, 2b. 2k. 034, 4. Beant 2T4
3 Canada Sy Doro Py We shes Se), -Qouacdioen, V¢ 21
4 Israel 30) hb G 12 WBS Ak Sh OZR aY 3. oedele2D4
5 Iceland Oni TTR pee! 2h DgaoShre 144
6 Brazil Dae te ae eK 2 Beas DD
7 Austria mo0y, 2 €e 44 2° & ) aero ll
8 Puerto Rico On Teg ees 2K
9 Colombia t+ O © -@ $9 YW 2 1}emed 6
Final B ENACT REI Bk MhHea Die
10 Peru x 24 24 34 G 34 3 18
11 Venezuela Pe ND BE ek 3 154
12 Dominican Rep. mag ok. 2 24 2k 13
13 Costa Rica Se © 12 xX 2 3h pet 114
14 Ecuador Bae ees NRE VAR yi De 10
15 Guatemala Poel @ 4 @ xk 24 8
16 Mexico L gb odt tek dit ~x 8
Karpov (USSR) - Wittmann (Austria) 11 P-R3 N-R3 12 B-K3 Q-Q1 13 N-K1
King’s Indian
P-B4 14 PxP PxP 15 P-B4 P-K5 16
P-KN4! PxP 17 PxP N-B3 18 P-B5!
1 P-QB4 N-KB3 2 N-QB3 P-KN3 3. P-R4 19 Px PN-R2 20 P-R6 B-K4 21
P-KN3 B-N2 4 B-N2 0-0 5 N-B3 P-B3. Q-R5 K-R1 22 Nx P Bx NP 23 R-R2
6 0-0 P-O3 7 P-Q4 Q-R4 8 P-KR3_ N-B3 24 Q-N6 R-KNI 25 RxB!! 1-0
P-K4 9 P-K4 N3-Q2? 10 P-Q5 P-QB4

19 Student Olympiad, Graz

July 15-30, 1972
The Student Olympiad was held for the second time in Austria. A
record twenty-nine countries took part. Surprisingly, Yugoslavia did
not qualify for the A-final — they were outdone by Denmark and
Bulgaria. The Soviet team, led by Karpov, won by a good margin.
Karpov scored the best result on first board with 7 out of 9 (77:7%),
followed by Hiibner and other strong players, Sax (Hungary) at the
second with 10 out of 11 (91%), Tukmakov at the third with 8 out of
10 (80%), and Vaganian on fourth with 9 out of 10 (90%). The best
reserves were Agur (Israel) with 6 out of 7 (85-69%) and Anikaev
(USSR) with 74 out of 8 (93:7%).
158 The World Student Team Championship

Final A iy: Ee ad 4 Ste (GitoR! “8° 190 MO

1 USSR x 2 By 34 gy'Sbsy 31 31 ABBUIL
2 Hungary 2. oe, At 2 Mie® QE. 2b Op
3 W. Germany 434 24 x 13 7.24 14, 3, 3phQeOIB1
4 USA Rng wile x 2 Abo Qo Dh sQheloQuhis
5 Bulgaria % 14 2 2 Xi Qe 2 920 +SbhwwwPw
6 Israel + 2° 24 12° & 9g 3? "g Rone
7 Romania 4 14 24 2 2 2 x Ik QemOeedy
8 Cuba 4+ 14 1 24 9.0.2) .xolk oped Tet
9 Denmark 4% 2 1} D de 2 3<edmeanoia
10 England 4 14 14 2 20 WON) Th Bag NPS Re Ree
Final B M2 F295 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
11 Yugoslavia xe 24S 33 3 Op 9 (9, bhpstge¥ 97
12 Switzerland FY os 2 01° 13 “3¢4oD aigghippdoqy
13 Czechoslovakia 1 2 x 9 31° 3... 3 Bog soplots
14 Holland 4%. 2 .24 9 9. WB 92» BohBpS904
15 Iceland . he 2 xX A 22 32 siggrergyOg9
16 Sweden 14 1 ¢ 14 x 3 2 3o0bpMy¢
17 Scotland La. LE PW anes ares.
18 Finland ey a Saad JanaBoab iin Doo T os os
19 DominicanR. 4 14 1 2 1 1h 2 >ealbql eapD
20 Norway 0 14 13 VA-d C9G-H QUABH MOU
Final C QRS 22 2425 26 27 28 29
21 S. Africa ney 94° op TOL ig-tigay pag
22 Colombia oo OP PQS (Ope GNE git semrE
23 Iran 1 4 9 +4Seg iogethg Apacs
24 Austria 14 13 OTE Ba ON Panel
25 Greece ease B02 2°" BT POOP gE NTS
26 France 14 14 yogy Tigeragov gi tig pares,
27 Italy Vee 2 $6, DOO a ee
28 Belgium 24.1 ea aid ihe’2akan. Sap 2 5
29 Brazil 14 13 7Meier lll Weta S higE ee dads13
Sax (Hungary) - Tukmakov (USSR) 11 P-N5 N-Q2 12 P-B5 N-B4 13 PxP
Sicilian
PxP 14 Q-R3 Q-Q2 15 0-0-0 B-K2
16 B-K2 P-N5 17 B-R5+ K-Q] 18N-B3
1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 P-Q3 3 P-Q4 PxN 19 BxN PxP+ 20 K-NI
PxP4NxP N-KB3 5 N-QB3 P-QR3 K-B2 21 B-KN4 Q-K1 22 Bx KP PxB
6 P-B4 P-K3 7 Q-B3 Q-B2 8 B-Q3 23 R-Q7+ K-N3 24 N-K5 N-Q5
P-QN4 9 B-K3 B-N2 10 P-KN4 N-B3 25 N-B4+- K-R2 26 B-Q5 1-0
 Student Olympiad, Graz, 1972 159

Markland (England) N-B1 N-N3 17 N-K3 P-B3 18 N-N4

Stoica (Romania) Q-Q1 19 P-B4 P-R4 20 N-K3 Q-B3
Giuoco Piano
21 P-B5 QPxP 22 PxKP Q-QI1 23
PxRP Px P 24 Q-B2 N-KB5 25 B-KB1
1P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 B-B4 B-K3 26 N-B5 P-B5 27 N-Q6 N-Q6
B-B4 4 P-B3 Q-K2 5 P-O4 B-N3 6 0-0 28 Bx NPXB29 Qx QP N-B5 30 B-B3
N-B3 7 R-K1 P-Q3 8 P-KR3 P-KR3 B-QB4 31 QR-QI NxN 32 PXN Q-N3
9 P-ON4 P-R3 10 P-QR4 0-0 11 B-R3 33 R-Q2 P-B3 34 P-K5 PxP 35 RxP
R-K1 12 P-N5 N-QR4 13 B-Q3 N-Q2 B-B2 36 R-N5 1-0
14 QN-Q2 Q-B3 15 B-N2 N-BI 16

oe

=
5 Marathon Interzonal Tournaments

The idea of an interzonal tournament originated at FIDE’s 18th

Congress in the Hague, held between July 30 and August 3, 1947,
when a new method of competition for the world championship was
laid down and a complete system for selecting the best players was
adopted. Guided by the principles of universality and democracy,
FIDE ruled that the cycle of competitions begin with zonal tourna-
ments in various parts of the world, and that further selection be carried
out at the Interzonal Tournament, which would gather the top players
from the zonal competitions.
The top five players from the Interzonal Tournament would con-
tinue along their way to the title through the Candidate’s Tourna-
ment. ‘The Congress decided that the first Interzonal Tournament be
held in Sweden in 1948.
Four zonal tournaments were to be held in 1947 in the form of pre-
liminaries. Only two European zonal tournaments were held, however,
(at which the winners were O’Kelly and Bé6ék), while the American
and Canadian zone nominated its players (Kashdan and Yanofsky).
The Soviet Union enjoyed the status of a special zone. After several
months of negotiations, it was agreed that the Interzonal Tournament
number 20 participants, but that in addition to the four zonal winners
another 16 players take part, to be determined by FIDE’s Qualification
Commission.
Thus, an interesting competition took form, with participants from
all over the world and players of greatly uneven strength. The proposi-
tions and number of participants were often to change in the following
cycles, but the tournament retained its importance as an important
step on the ladder to the Candidates competition.

Winners of Interzonal Tournaments

1948 Saltsjébaden David Bronstein
1952 Stockholm-Saltsjébaden Alexander Kotov
1955 Géteborg David Bronstein
1958 Portoroz - Mikhail Tal
 Interzonal Tournament, Saltsjébaden, 1948 161

1962 Stockholm Robert Fischer

1964 Amsterdam Bent Larsen, Vasily Smyslov, Boris Spassky and
Mikhail Tal
1967 Sousse Bent Larsen
1970 Palma de Mallorca Robert Fischer
1973 Leningrad Anatoly Karpov and Victor Korchnoi
Petropolis Henrique Mecking

1 Interzonal Tournament, Saltsjobaden

July 15-August 15, 1948
A New Star: David Bronstein !

In the opinion of many, the 1948 Interzonal Tournament was one of

the strongest competitions played until then. Due to many cancella-
tions, the original list of participants was considerably altered. The
participants (or their federations) paid their own travel and accommo-
dation expenses, and this was why none of the American players took
part, for their federation was unable to resolve the financial difficulties
involved.
Bronstein (who together with Yanofsky was the youngest player at
the tournament), overtook Szabo in the final round, for the Hungarian
Grandmaster was defeated by the last player on the list.
123 4 5 67 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
1 Bronstein USSR x 1 4 1 4 44 4 4 4.1 4 41 4 21 4 «121 «1~—~«13%3
2 Szabo H OVP Fees eek ce Ce eee tt ee a ee Os) De
3 Boleslavsky USSR 4 € XX $ &€ ¢ 1 f O diode ted eoted #1. dol t12
4 Kotov USSR 0 4 4x 4+} 4 44 44 «214 4 «$€ $$ «I~ 1 ld ek OI
5 Lilienthal USSR 4 044 x 14 4 1 404 4% 41 4 «21 4 «4 ~«21~O~1!1
6 { Bondarevsky USSR 4 $$ 4+ 4+ 0 x $1404 14 04 ¢ 21 434 «421 «1 ~= «2103
7 | Stahiberg Ss + ¢+04 44x ¢ 404211 4 4 $4 «1~«4~«1~—~«2108
8 ) Flohr USSR tp dunt 4a ay OPPO 4S 4 bb ee gee ee, FA Ee eae de OF
9 | Najdorf Arg e001 "450 £7 4 + XX GhoO Lae 4 Sle ober ls 1 4103
10 Trifunovié Yr + 0044 121 4 0x ¢4¢O0d2diF FF «O21 $ IT SE 10
11 f Pirc Yr 0 # 4#0di1i4 %3% «¢«214 x ~ §$ O 1 O04 1 $F OM
12 < Gligorié T- £0, £5 $4.00) 0 4 0: Sede XK eee TT hal vee! 9}
13. | Book SF + 00344 04 414 0x ¢ $ ¢ $$ «O1«s2'1~«O2 94
14 f Ragozin USSR 0 0 44 41,44 4104314 4 x 0.0 4 0 $1 8}
15 ) Yanofsky CDN 4% 4% 404 4 444004 1x 0 ¢ ¢ $1 8}
16 Tartakower F 00 4 0% 44 404104 11 x «04 «$ &~ 8
17 Pachman CZ *+0000%4 04 0404 3 41x «*'1«*4$O~«21 7t
18 Stoltz Ss 0#004 404 4404021 3 «0x $$ $~) 6
19 L. Steiner AUS 00004040004 104 4 4 4 3 x $~ #5
20 Lundin AY 0144000004 %40000¢ 0434 434 x~= 4}

Dr Trifunovié had a good chance until the last round, when he lost to
Najdorf and exchanged places with him. According to the regulations,
162 Marathon Interzonal Tournaments

the top five from this tournament qualified for the Candidates Tourna-
ment. As some of the seeded players cancelled (Euwe, Fine and then
Reshevsky), the matter became rather complicated. FIDE and various
commissions passed several decisions, but Dr Trifunovié did not reach
the list for the Candidates Tournament.

Lilienthal-Najdorf KxB 18 Q-R5+ KxP 19 QR-QI

Nimzo-Indian Q-B3 20 R-Q7+ K-B1 21 RxBN-Q1
First Brilliancy Prize
22 R-Q7 N-KB2 23 Q-Q5 R-NI1 24
R-K1 P-B6 25 R-K3 1-0
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-K3 3
N-QB3 B-N5 4 P-OR3 BXN+ 5 PXxB Trifunovié-Bondarevsky
P-B4 6 P-K3 N-B3 7 B-Q3 P-ON3 8 French )
N-K2 0-0 9 P-K4 N-KI 10 0-0 P-Q3 Second Brilliancy Prize
11 P-K5 QPxP 12 PxKP B-N2 13
B-B4 P-B4 14 Px Pep P-K4 15 PxP 1 P-Q4 P-K3 2 P-K4 P-Q4 3 N-Q2
RxB 16 NXR PXN(87) 17 BXP+!! N-QB3 4 KN-B3 N-B3 5 P-K5 N-Q2
6 P-QN3 P-B3 7 B-N2 PxP 8 PxP
EL
ZY 7
B-B4 9 B-Q3 Q-K2 10 P-QR3 P-QR4
11 P-B4 Px P 12 Px PP-QN3 13 B-K4

Y
2a
ao
Y, Z
B-N2 14 Q-R4 N-Q1 15 0-0 BxB 16
NxB 0-0 17 QR-Q1 N-NI 18 N3-N5
P-R3 19 N-B6+!! NPXN 20 PxP
RxP 21 BXR QxB 22 Q-K8+ B-BIl
23 N-K4 Q-K2 24 QxN QxQ 25
RxQ K-B2 26 P-OR4 B-N2 27 P-B4
K-K2 28 R1-Ql1 P-B4 29 RI1-Q6
B-Q5-+ 30 K-Bl B-K6 31 P-N3 B-Q5
32 R-QB8 1-0

2 Interzonal Tournament, Stockholm—Saltsjébaden

September 15—-October 21, 1952
Alexander Kotov’s Record

It was a landslide for the Soviet players, who took the first four places,
and even Averbakh (who shared 5th to 8th place) qualified for the
Candidates Tournament under the Sonneborn—Berger system by out-
doing Gligori¢é, Szabé and Stahlberg. FIDE later decided to increase
the number of participants for the 1953 Candidates Tournament, and
so the first eight players from the Interzonal Tournament were given
entry.
 Interzonal Tournament, Stockholm—Saltsjébaden, 1952 163
Pr 2aee see G7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
1 Kotov USSR x 4444 1 4 eter Lak Pet ety tte By ta 1 hee
2 fPetrosian USSR 4 x 4 $$ & 4 4 et es a £ ORe F ea Fale
3 \Taimanov USSR 4 $ x }$ 4 $ $ He aihey ater bd) eel at 15k
4 Geller USSR 4 44x 40 1 td 1. fF. 1 Sth this
5 fAverbakh USSR 4+ 4 4 } x 1 0 + RTA
bo eee heey
6 }Gligorié YL Ose +” PSO" x 0 Oe da tareeatty Wis 4, ei Dal) ol crate Lid 19R
7 | Stahiberg S +4 weon0 131 x Bete Pekar Ped ol 1 CO) ts dae bet chee
8 \Szabé H 0 i0 "R51 $2.4 1 Sete et oe Bh oe tae teh ee,
9 Unzicker BRD” Op On, OFS, 1 4 eieti00 Tra oA BE Aa
10 Eliskases Arg 04 44 4 $f Fr geod 00 a9. 1) Hoa E10}
11 f{Pachman Cz + 0 4434 4 4 4 2h Ou Dade Lak oy hte eI
12 < Pilnik Arg O 44 04 4 $4 Tw ie rece eta £2 lO Ee tal: 10
13. |H. Steiner USA 4+ 403400 3 OEE IT& Tot oer 7 2 7 PS 10
14 Matanovié Y 0404400 Sigg OFS TX BOE 1g 1g Pg
15 Barcza H 00004 $ 0 tralia Orde, Bisl Fe De ENO40 Pate 8
16 Stoltz AY 00 #4000 Oita suri tes BOTs he Te lard. Taal td
17 Sanchez Col Ure 0, 07 01 peal et oh Tt ih hid lllih aese dl oth ap Ippedly
18 Wade NZ 004000 0 Oe O F204 FIO) 44e¥) 50 P46
19 Vaitonis CDN +0 0+ 0 0,0 °0 TORO ee OF it O NT nee st OO 05
20 ¢Golombek GB 000000 4 OO me ae ONS 0 0-0) 4) Baise Oat
21 \ Prins NL 0 ¢ 0 #44 0 0 ee OOO CO
EH
BH
OM
KO
OSH
ee
FO
OH
HH a6 O76 4 Dd Oia d Pilon tewae ae

The tournament marked a personal victory for Kotov, who took first
place with no defeats and a three point advantage. ‘This record survived
some twenty years before Fischer broke it. Certain chess periodicals
(Chess Review, Chess World) carried commentaries at the time on the fact
that a large number of Soviet players would be competing at the next
Candidates Tournament in Switzerland in 1953. Reshevsky originally
even refused to play in the Candidates Tournament. It is often brought
up that the Soviet players drew all their games with each other at the
Interzonal ‘Tournament in Saltsjébaden.

Stoltz—H. Steiner Fy ee
English Bya 2
Vi,
First Brilliancy Prize
1 P-QB4 P-K4 2 N-QB3 P-Q3 3
P-KN3 P-KB4 4 B-N2 N-KB3 5 P-Q4
B-K2 6 P-K3 0-0 7 KN-K2 K-R1 8
Q-B2 Q-KI1 9 P-N3 N-B3 10 B-QR3
PxP 11 PxP P-B5 12 0-0-0 N-KR4 Gh
13 B-K4 P-KN3 14 N-Q5 Q-QI 15 BG
B-QN2 P-B6 16 N2-B4 B-N4 17 Bx NP
PxB18QxPN-N2 19 P-KR4 BxXN+
20 PxB B-B4 21 Q-R6+ B-R2 22 K-K1 31 R-K1 “OXNP 32 RIXN+
N-K3 R-B3 23 Q—-N5 R-N3 24 P-Q5(88) K-O1 33 B-B6 Q xB 34RxQ 1-0
24...RxQ 25 RPXxR N-K2 26 N-N4
Q-QBI1 27 P-N6 QxN 28 RxB+
K-N1 29 RxN-+ K-BI 30 R-B7+
164 Marathon Interzonal Tournaments

Kotov-Barcza

King’s Indian
Third Brilliancy Prize
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-KN3 3
N-QB3 B-N2 4 P-K4 P-Q3 5 P-KN3
0-0 6 B-N2 P-K4 7 KN-K2 PxP 8
NxP N-B3 9 N-B2 B-K3 10 P-N3
Q-Q2 11 0-0 B-R6 12 P-B3 BxB 13 Z
Gy
K xB P-QR3 14 B-N2 N-R2 15 Q-Q2 4

P-QN4 16 N-K3 P-B3 17 QR-QI1 J, GY

afm
QR-QI1 18 N-K2 Q-B2 19 B-B3 Q-K2
20 N-Q4 N-K1(89) 21 N4-B5! PxN R/QI-K127 P-R5 R-K428BxR PxB
22 NxP Q-B2 23 NxBNXN 24 B-B6 29 Q-B6 N-BI 30 P-R6 N-K2 31 R-Q2
K-R1 25 Q-N5 R-KNI1 26 P-KR4 _ 1-0

3 Interzonal Tournament, Goteborg

August 14—September 25, 1955
A New Triumph for Bronstein
te2 39405 6 7 8 9°10 L112 338614915 16 17 18319420 21
1 Bronstein USSR x 114 1 4 4 44 4 4 4 4 14 21 21 °21~.1 11 ~=515
2 Keres USSR.* 0 exc adid) $985.4 cobeek thal ok obyalye bel LO edit ld
3 Panno Arg OO OX Pee ee Td a ee ed
4 Petrosian USSR 44 %4 x 44 $34 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 «21 21 «21 ~«21~—~«212%
5 f Geller USSR... 0.4 1.4) xX. $4010 O44. 4.6. 00.8 bel he Fo8e 22
6 \Szabo H 4.70 48.9" * ££ hE od + OCT Bb lS el ee Pea
7 |mi Cz SS Ea RENE ES Ee Fe POU Po) glk as
8 4 Pilnik Arg 4+ ¢:4 404 4x04 44 4 21214 4 «214 21 O20
9 AU Spasskvn iil SSittin Ooms Oentianten es: LL OX 0 OR Oo Bala Or ees
10 JfIlivisky USSR 4 4 44 1444 0x +004 41 4 4 $ *1T «21~=«#+103
11 Pachman Cz 4+ 004 4 44 4 214 x $ &¢«*OIsS$ FO EOE EC Cd OOS
12 f{Guimard Arg +O. OF Od) £5500 $4) eo} E13 Ore. 1 4 OT 9}
13. Najdorf Arg 4 0 0Oscd $) 1 4 4.1 1 4 0 x0 O $ 1et. Jd 96.0, 9
14 f{Fuderer Y OO rete. OF 07 F064 £¢..0. 0] x eel J 120 Clee Ses
15 \Rabar : ee 4 £50 t 4 0 DO FSS Se oR x SOE FAO
16 Unzicke BRD 00 044 404 404 14°04 x $4 ~i1~4~«1 8}
17 fBisguier USA 0004004 414 4400314 xO0O21@++%84!1 8
18 \Stahlberg S 021. °F"0..0; 0 ¢ £ Ondty tb 0; 60504 1 X< ptr hh 1 8
19 (Donner WNL 037 O} Ont .0..0:.0..0. £4.37 0,01 10. © Oe Ban Bee cee.
20 | stdin Ven 0 ¢ O90 207 0 ¢ £¢ 0°O Of FP S071 “$F F F708 *07 5
21. \Sliwa PE 004000004 0 4014 «100046 «21 «+x ~@ 5

Bronstein repeated his victory of the first Interzonal Tournament and

won without losing a single game. The top nine players in this tourna-
ment qualified for the next Candidates Tournament (Smyslov was
given direct entry into the Candidates Tournament having been de-
feated in 1954 in his match with Botvinnik).
 Interzonal Tournament, Porotoroz, 1958 165

Reshevsky and Evans were eligible for the tournament in Goteborg,

but they chose to ignore the Interzonal and concentrate on the US
Open Championship.
Bronstein—Keres QxRP P-B4 17 Nx BPRXN 18 BXR
N-B1 19 QR-QI1 B-N4 20 Q-R5 Q-B3
Nimzo-Indian
21 N—Q6 B-B3 22 Q-N4 K-R1 23 B-K4
First Brilliancy Prize B-R3 24 BxXB PxXB 25 QxP N-B4 26
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-K3 3 N-QB3 =P-QN4 N4-K3 27 Q x P R-N1 28 N-K4
B-NS 4 P-K3 P-B4 5 B-Q3 P-QN3 6 Q-N3 29 R-Q6 B-N2 30 P-B4 Q-N5
KN-K2 B-N2 7 0-O PxP 8 PxP 0-0 31 P-R3 Q-K7 32 N-N3 Q-K6+ 33
9 P-Q5 P-KR3 10 B-B2 N-R3 11 N-N5 K-R2 N-Q5 34 Q-Q5 R-B1 35 N-R5
PxP 12 P-QR3 B-K2 13 N-N3 PxP N-K7 36 NxB Q-KN6+ 37 K-RI
14 BxP PxB 15 Q-Q2 N-R2 16 NxP 38 Q-B3 N-K7 39 R-R6+ 1-0

4 Interzonal Tournament, Porotoroz

August 5—September 12, 1958
Brilliant Tal, Fischer’s Debut
Tal won, but he had a worthy opponent in Gligorié. Gligorié’s success
was his greatest achievement at the Interzonal Tournaments.
The fifteen-year-old Bobby Fischer made his debut on the inter-
national scene, fulfilling the requirements for the title of Grandmaster
and placing among the top six who earn the right to take part in the
Candidates Tournament. Fischer indicated then that he would go on
to become the World Champion, but for the moment he was still far
from Mount Olympus.
12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
1 Tal Peso tole hee ag Geyer Pes te ead) a bee Ps) 13d
2 Gligorié r Pane aged) OMipe sa) Pie Was TP 1 oni, tes 13
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166 Marathon Interzonal Tournamenis

This was a tragic tournament for two-time Interzonal winner David

Bronstein. His defeat at the hands of Cardoso, whose standing was way
down on the list, quashed Bronstein’s hopes for entering among the
candidates for the world championship title. Bronstein never again
recovered from this blow.

Tal—Panno R-K8+ 48 K-B2 R-K7+ 49 K-Bl

R-QR7 50 Q-QR6+ K-Q5 51 P-R5
Ruy Lopez
P-B5 52 Q-QN6+ K-Q4 53 P-R6
Prize for the Most Interesting Game R-R8+ 54 K-B2 P-B6 55 P-R7 P-B7
1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 B-N5 556 Q-N3+ K-Q3 57 Q-Q3-+ 1-0
P-QOR3 4 B-R4 N-B3 5 0-0 B-K2 6
R-K1 P-QN4 7 B-N3 P-Q3 8 P-B3 0-0
9 P-KR3 N-Q2 10 P-Q4 N-N3 11 Rosetto—Cardoso
B-K3 PxP 12 PxP N-R4 13 B-B2
P-QB4 14 P-K5 QPxP 15 NxP
N3-B5 16 Q-Q3 P-B4 17 B-N3 P-B5
18 B-Q2 N4xB19N-B6NxR20NxQ
B-B4 21 Q-KB3 QR XN 22 RXBBXN
23 BxP RxP 24 Q-N4 B-N3 25
Q-K6-+ B-B2 26 Q—B5 N-B7 27 P-QN3
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QxP+ K-B6 44 Q-KB1+ K-K5 45 RxN+ KxP 45 R1I-K6! R-KN7+
Q x P K-Q5 46 Q-Q6+ K-B5 47 P-R4 46KxR Q-QI1 47 N-K7!! 1-0

5 Interzonal Tournament, Stockholm

January 27 — March 6, 1962
Fischer’s Outstanding Triumph
After considerable delay (due to the fact that Uhlmann could not obtain
a visa for entry into the NATO countries), the Interzonal Tournament
was organized, with effort, in Stockholm, under the direct sponsorship
of FIDE.
This was a big step forward in young Fischer’s chess career. After his
debut in Portoroz he recorded permanent progress (especially in Bled in
1961).
 Interzonal Tournament, Amsterdam, 1964 167
1.2.3 4.5.6 7 8 9 1011 12 13.14 15.16.17. 18 19 20 21 22 23
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Six players from the tournament in Stockholm qualified for the next
cycle of competition. A supplementary match between Stein, Benké and
Gligorié ended in the victory of the Soviet Grandmaster. On the basis
of a regulation passed by the FIDE Congress of 1959, however, the
number of players from one country who could qualify in the Inter-
zonal for the Candidates Tournament was limited to three.

Stein—Portisch 9 P-KB4 B-B4-+ 10 K-R1 P-Q3 11 N-B3

Sicilian
P-K4 12 PxP PxP 13 N-R4 0-0 14
N-B5 B-K3 15 Q-K2 P-OR4 16
1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 P-K3 3 P-Q4 B-QB4 K-RI 17 B-KN5 N-Q2 18
PxP 4NxP P-OR3 5 B-Q3 N-KB36 QR-QI N-N3 19 NxP BxB 20 B-B6
0-0 Q-B2 7 N-Q2 N-B38NxXNNPXN _~ B-K2 21 Q-B3 1-0

6 Interzonal Tournament, Amsterdam

May 19—Fune 24, 1964
Four Winners
For the first time in the history of the Interzonal Tournament, first
place was ‘collectively’ shared by four Grandmasters. Spassky displayed
his maturity and announced his intention to vie for the peak of the
chess Olympus.
Six participants qualified for the Candidates Tournament, but the
 168 Marathon Interzonal Tournaments

ruling was still in effect that not more than three players from a country
could qualify from the Interzonal for the Candidates Tournament.
This affected Soviet grandmasters Stein (for a second time!) and
Bronstein, who took 5th and 6th places respectively, but they did not
reach the next cycle of competition.
—o _— — nN — 7 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
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2 Larsen Dk 1
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4 Tal USSR +
5 Stein USSR 1
6 Bronstein USSR 1
7 Ivkov ye +
8 Reshevsky USA 1
9 Portisch H $
10 Gligorié v6 1
11 Darga BRD 2
12 Lengyel H 1
13 Pachman Cz 1
14 Evans USA 0
15 Tringov BG —

16 Benko USA
17 Rossetto Arg
18 Foguelman Arg
19 Bilek H
20 Quinones Peru
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Ivkov recorded his great success at this tournament, the greatest at

FIDE competitions, and qualified for the Candidates ‘Tournament. In
a supplementary match, Portisch defeated Reshevsky 23-4 and thus
joined the ‘elite’.
After the Candidates Tournament in Switzerland (1953), Reshevsky
returned to FIDE competitions, probably pleased with FIDE’s
decision to have the candidates competitions played according to the
system of matches. Fate would have it, however, that he succumb
precisely in a match to Portisch who was 30 years his junior.

Tal-Tringov B-QB4 Q-R4 9 0-0 P-K3 10 KR-K1

Pirc
P-OR3 11 B-B4 P-K4 12 PxP PxP
13 Q-Q6 QxN 14 R/KI-Q1 N-Q2 15
1 P-K4 P-KN3 2 P-Q4 B-N2 3 N-QB3 BxBP+ KxB 16 N-N5+ K-K1 17
P-Q3 4 N-B3 P-QB3 5 B-KN5 Q-N3 Q-K6+ 1-0 (17... N-K2 18 Q-B7+
6 Q-Q2 QxNP 7 R-QNI Q-R6 8 K-Q1 19 N-K6 mate)
 Interzonal Tournament, Sousse, 1967 169

7 Interzonal Tournament, Sousse

October 15—November 15, 1967
Larsen’s Shining Star and Fischer’s ‘Odyssey’
This was the first Interzonal Tournament to be held outside of Europe.
The Tunisian delegate was delighted when the FIDE Congress agreed
to hold this important event in his country. He had no idea that in
terms of organization this would be one of the most complicated of
FIDE’s tournaments. First, Panno cancelled out and then somewhere
en route from Rome to Tunisia Bolbochan got ‘lost’. It was later dis-
covered that he had fallen ill on the trip.
This tournament will go down in the annals of the history of FIDE
competitions and in all of Fischer’s biographies by virtue of Fischer’s
treble appearance at and departure from the tournament. The mis-
understanding arose in connection with the tournament programme
which complied with Fischer’s and Reshevsky’s desires not to play on
their religious holidays. It later became evident that the two Grand-
masters did not honour the same holidays, while the main trouble
began when Fischer had to play four consecutives games without a free
day. ‘The American Grandmaster twice left and returned to the tourna-
ment. When the tournament management ruled that Fischer should
lose by default those games for which he was ‘absent’, he definitely left
the tournament for a third time, although he was at the top of the
table!
Fischer’s behaviour was long a topic of controversial commentary in
the world press and among chess players, as well as in FIDE. It suited
those who had been defeated by Fischer in the first rounds and injected
a dose of drama and tension into the course of the tournament. Stein,
for example, could rejoice when Fischer left the tournament after the
11th round, for the defeat he suffered that day at the hands of Fischer
was to be annulled, and this would greatly improve his chances. ‘The
next day he was due to resume an adjourned game against Hort in
which the odds were in his favour, while on the same day in the after-
noon round, Stein expected an easy point against Bouaziz, who was at
the bottom. of the list. Everything went wrong in one day: in the
morning Stein unluckily lost to Hort (but consoled himself by saying
that this would be made up for with the erasure of his zero against
Fischer). During the afternoon round, exactly 56 minutes late, Fischer
 170 Marathon Interzonal Tournaments

turned up in the hall and sat down for his game against Reshevsky
who was nonchalantly sitting in the audience and was shocked when
he unexpectedly espied Fischer. Stein was also horrified when he
noticed the ‘traveller’s’ return, for he had personally assured
himself of Fischer’s earlier departure from Sousse, suitcase in hand.
Realizing that an unexpected turn of events had occurred, Stein
offered Bouaziz a draw, which was immediately accepted. And so
Stein recorded only one draw that day instead of 3 points. Later,
when Fischer had definitely departed, Stein only partially succeeded
in improving on the situation, enough to qualify for a supplementary
match.

12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
1 Larsen Dk oe OE ee ee ee a ee ee
2 Geller USERT VSS EP Mor ie ee ae Neier we ie ae ie ae
3 {ctr Yr bel xod chobodd Pop) 45 Rovlle af Rom ween
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5 Portisch H Pe eo ae Se Pe eae aes en oa ee eee
6 Reshevakyni USA“ 0214 EE KOR} bp oF obobod spore realities
7 {ior Cz Oh Ob Bi dbied. 8 4rd Feb bh Pele ee
8 Stein USSR OF EVO EOP Oe FE OE Ie. Fe le eee
9 Matulovié Yr OO. gre oO HESpeX On Piperebilge enoReieias
10 Matanovié a ed & ¢ tbe db ox ELD 4d bah Dot oe
11 "Ivkov Yr OE 1 LO Oe Oe SO ek Fle be oe eee
12 Mecking«) ({!BR eg0 80.24 11135004) O10) OF ke wY etl tego eater ORS
13 Gipslis USSR2 0 $0352) Find) 20°3.:3).2..0) i ae0, Vase Goes ee
14 Kavalek Cz Ear) Ove Fre Oe SU ee OP a ee ee
15 Suttles CDN d:¥ij0H0lO: OngepeOtiere OvovLogord pit asavye gu
16 Bilek H Od §be0) bid} ONES OVC 0004 5ice 2k
17 Barczay H ae eo SOO ew Oe 0° eat a 0 a
18 Byrne R. USA §20205450 F505010: Oia TL) 01 84 ORT
19 MiagmasurenMon 0000000040134400144x1021
20 Cuellar Ci.) 0 4°00 44:0.-0 01°00 0 1 3°07 078 Cee
21 Sarapu NZ i Ox Or Orthi05 09 @/ 050390 000.01 0NgNORTSs eto ae t
22 Bouaziz Ten 0 0° 0 VON P2058) OF 2 052505080. 0) 001) Pomme
23 Fischer USA + aA 4 1 } L Lil’ me

Larsen’s brilliant victory was one in a series of large tournaments

dominated by the Danish Grandmaster at the time. Gligorié qualified
for the Candidates Tournament for the third time. He was the only
player in Sousse to end the tournament without a single defeat.
The supplementary three-way match between Reshevsky, Stein and
Hort was held in Los Angeles, and ended in a ‘dead heat’. This
suited Reshevsky, however, for he fared the best under the Sonneborn
system. |
 Interzonal Tournament, Palma de Mallorca, 1970 171

Gipslis—Larsen R-B3 RxRP 41 NXN PXN 42 R-B7

R5-Q7 43 R-B3 P-B6 0-1
Alekhine
1 P-K4 N-KB3 2 P-K5 N-04 3 P-Q4
R. Byrne—Fischer
P-Q3 4 P-QB4 N-N3 5 PxP KPxP
6 N-QB3 B-K2 7 B-K3 0-0 8 B-K2 Sicilian
N-B3 9 N-B3 B-N5 10 P-QN3 B-B3
11 0-O P-Q4 12 P-B5 N-BI 13 P-N4 1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 P-Q3 3 P-Q4
NI-Q2 14 P-N5 N-R4 15 P-KR3 BxN PxP4NxP N-KB3 5 N-QB3 P-QR3
16 BxB P-B3 17 Q-O3 N-BS5 18 B-B4 6 B-QB4 P-K3 7 B-N3 P-QN4 8 P-B4
N-KN3 19 B-R2 B-N4 20 PxP PxP B-N2 9 P-B5 P-K4 10 N4-K2 QN-Q2
21 B-Q1 B-B5 22 B-B2 Bx B+ 23KxB 11 B-N5 B-K2 12 N-N3 R-QBI 13 0-0
Q-B3 24 P-N3 KR-K1 25 K-N2 Q-N4 P-KR4 14 P-KR4 P-N5 15 BxN BxB
26 K-R2 N-N7 27 Q-B3 Q-Q7 28 BxN 16 N-Q5 BxP 17 NxRP Q-N4 18
RP xB 29 N-Q1 N-B5 30 O-B3 QR-NI1 P-B6 P-N3 19 N-N7+ K-QI1 20 R-B3
31 R-Bl R-K5 32 R-B2 QxQP 33 B-N6 21 Q-Q3 B-R7+22 K-B1 N-B4
QxQ RxQ 34 R-K1 P-R4 35 K-N2 23 R-R3 R-R5 24 Q-KB3 NxB 25
P-R5 36 N-B3 P-R6 37 N-R4 P-N4 RPxXN RXR 26 QXR BXN 27 PxB
38 R-K7 R-QN5 39 N-N6 R-N7 40 Q x BP-+ 28 K-K1 Q-B5 0-1

8 Interzonal Tournament, Palma de Mallorca

November 9—December 13, 1970
Fischer Excells

Polemics over Fischer’s participation once again preceded the tourna-

ment. He did not take part in the United States Zonal Tournament
(because of a dispute with the American Chess Federation over the
brevity of the competition — only 11 rounds), and it appeared as if he
would not take part in this cycle of world competition. The FIDE
Congress in Siegen rejected a request for him to be directly included in
the list of participants in the Interzonal Tournament. While the Ameri-
can delegate asked for Fischer to be given permission to take part, it was
still uncertain as to whether Fischer, after the unpleasant remarks he
made following the tournament in Curagao, after the misunderstand-
ings in Sousse and then in Lugano (at the Chess Olympiad), and after
the conditions he laid down, would really return to the FIDE cycle of
competitions.
 172. Marathon Interzonal Tournaments

123 45 6 7.8 9 1011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19.20 21 22.23 24

1 Fischer USA 9 Set lop hie) al ual de aed dock Lo a bli Dy bee eee
2 Geller USSR'O"x Yo’ 1 '# Potod 14 2 t+ 1) Foe eae
3 Hiibner BRD 4! 9 Xeted 1 £05064 Sede el obet 11s Lee
4 Larsen DK 1 4 4 x,0.1 4.4.4 4,00 cOMg-/1 “40d: ¢ Cl eyes Fg
5 Taimanov’ USSR 0 4°°$ "I" *% $°4°F 4 ¥) 0%) FH OFlS bee 4 Bela oes
6 Uhlmann DDR. 0: 0.0 O:¢ &® Mietial dock ols by bo Oct ol hd Ae
7 Portisch H 4°34 $1200 XX $ oo) Oa ed ed a
8 Smyslov USSR 0 014 44 ¢ x 44104 4 4 ¢ 4 4 «14 «143 «17«~21
9 Gligorié ioy 04444004 x $4114 4 «14 0143 1 ¢:1212021
10 Polugaevsky USSR $ 4 44 44104 x 43414 4 14014 1434 ¢ $¢ 4
11 Mecking BR O;, O°. 0; 1 9$6,0 1 9k bexeds 14 4 ro) O57 0M eas)
12 Panno Arg 0: de Di cb deo $e de On Orb Kod dh oD) Pee, 2 eed ook es
13 Hort Cz O aere.* Tee 70% O70. 4-0 FE CL Se ee ee eee
14 Ivkov Yr Org OOF Pe o0F te Pb 0 Ke FUROR ee opr ge
15 Minié 1% 0+ 00004 4 4 04 004 x 1°13 ¢4 «21-4192
16 Suttles CDN 00 %4%4 0144 04404 40%. 4214 4 0-4 421
17 Reshevsky USA 0 0044404 442144 442104 x $44 00441
18 Addison USA “O° F (OC HF FO FO OP OF Fee Psa Ore xe we fF OR OY ies
19 Matulovié Y $+4+0000%4 4 04 14 4.4 4 4 $4 x 400 421
20 Filip Cz Od £050 po.0; OF O48 OF OOH PE Bo OOO
21 Naranja PI +..0, O} 0, $0.44. 46,0 $.0 .O 0. ee Ol db dD ale dr %eOnd a
22 Uitumen Mont 0 (0 #0". 0.0" O CE. 4 OO tO 2 Oot Oe
23 Rubinetti Arg’ 0F §° 070 “O OF 7FO OrO FOV yy FOSS "OSE ee ue ae
24 Jimenez Cc + 4+ 0 *.0 0 FO 0.40 @ Fe OUND € 0 O50 ea

The American Grandmaster, in fact, returned to the world stage

from ‘self-exile’ when he accepted an invitation to take part in the
‘Match of the Century’ in Belgrade, at the end of March 1970. This
was followed up by several more of his brilliant successes (Zagreb,
Buenos Aires).
After a long period of uncertainty, it was announced finally that
Fischer would come to the Interzonal Tournament in Spain in place of
Benko, who yielded him the place he had earned at the United States
Zonal Tournament. This gave special allure to the tournament in
Palma de Mallorca.
Fischer triumphed with a 34 point advantage, thereby beating the
record set by Kotov in Saltsjébaden. This was an indication of Fischer’s
great form and desire to reach, through the qualifications system, the
match with Spassky — the beginning of Fischer’s series of fantastic
results.
Fischer—Larsen P-N5 P-N4 14 P-B3 B-Q2 15 Q-N2
P-N5 16 N3-K2 NxB+ 17 RPXN
Sicilian
P-QR4 18 P-N6 BP xP 19 P-R5 NxN
1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 P-Q3 3 P-Q4 20 NxN P-N4 21 BxP BxB 22 QXB
PxP 4 NxP N-KB3 5 N-QB3 N-B3 P-R3 23 Q-N4 R-B2 24 KR-NI P-R5
6 B-QB4 P-K3 7 B-N3 B-K2 8 B-K3 25 Px P P-K4 26 N-K6 Q-B5 27 P-N3
0-0 9 Q-K2 P-QR3 10 0-0-0 Q-B2 QxN 28 QxQ BxQ 29RxQP R-K1
11 P-N4 N-Q2 12 P-KR4 N-B4 13 30 R-QN6 RxP 31 RxQNP R-QBI
 Interzonal Tournament, Leningrad and Petropolis 173

32 K-N2 R-KB7 33 R-QB1 B-B2 34 P-K3 6 B-N2 KN-K2 7 N-R4 BxB 8

P-RS R-R1 35 R-N5 BXRP 36 RXP NxB 0-0 9 P-K3 P-Q4 10 PXP NxP
B-K7 37 R-QB5 P-R4 38 P-K5 B-B6 11 N-K2 P-N3 12 P-Q4 B-R3 13 PxP
39 K-B3 P-R5 40 K-Q3 R-K7 41 R-B1 Q-B3 14 N-QB4 N-B6 15 NxN
R-Q1+ 42 K-B3 B-K5 43 K-N4 QxN+ 16 K-Bl KR-O1 17 Q-Bl
R-N1-+ 44 K-R3 P-R6 45 P-K6 BxP BXN+ 18 PxB Q-Q6+ 19 K-NI
46 P-N4 R-K6+ 47 K-N2 B-Q6 48 QR-B1 20 PxP PxP 21 Q-N2 N-R4
R-QR1 B-R3 49 R-B6 RxXNP+ 50 22 P-KR4 NxP 23 Q-B6 Q-B4 24
K-B2 B-N2 51 R-B3 R-K7+ 52 K-Ql QxQNPxQ 25 P-R5 R-Q7 26 R-OBI
R-KN7 0-1 R-B4 27 R-R4 N-K4 28 RXR PXR
29 R-R4 P-B5 30 P-R6 K-BI 31
R-R8+ K-K2 32 R-QB8 RxRP 33
Smyslov-Fischer
B-Bl R-B7 34 K-N2 N-N5 35 K-NI
English RxP 36 BxP R-B6 37 K-N2 RxKP
38 R-KR8 NxP 39 RxP N-N5 40
1 P-OB4 P-KN3 2 N-QB3 B-N2 3 B-N5 R-N6 41 B-B6 R-N7+ 42 K-NI
P-KN3 P-QB4 4 B-N2 N-QB3 5 P-N3 N-K4 43 B-R8 R-NI 44 B-R1 0-1

9 Interzonal Tournaments 1973

Battle on Two Fronts: Leningrad and Petropolis
During the year there were increasing numbers of those who were dissat-
isfied with the marathon-length interzonal tournament. Also there were
increasing numbers of those who expected to take part in this important
competition. This induced FIDE President Dr Max Euwe to move that
the interzonal tournament be played in two groups in the new system
of competitions for the world championship, with 18 participants in
each, the three top-placed being entitled to take part in the Candidates
Matches.
Thus, in 1973 for the first time, the interzonal tournament was
divided into two groups, or rather two tournaments, one of which
was held in Leningrad, the other at Petropolis, Brazil. Under the
new system introduced by the FIDE Congress, six participants in
the previous candidates competition, eight players directly chosen by
a special expert commission, and finally two youth world cham-
pions were entitled to direct participation. The Zonals produced
20 players for the Interzonal. This time the number of Soviet players
was much larger, which considerably increased the strength of both
tournaments.
It was an extremely delicate matter to divide the players into two
groups of equal strength. This task was undertaken by the FIDE
174 Marathon Interzonal Tournaments

President with a group of experts, who were guided by the rating of the
players on the Rating List. But, before the tournament had got under
way, there had been much polemicizing as to which was the stronger
group: that in Leningrad or that in Brazil. Moreover, Grandmaster
Larsen addressed a sharp objection to the FIDE President considering
that the division was unfair and that the Leningrad group was much
stronger. He based this on the fact that the strongest Soviet players
were inserted in that group (with the largest number of points accord-
ing to Elo), which included participants in the previous Candidates
Matches. In other words, although the aggregate rating of each group
was approximately the same, a greater number of ‘distinct favourites’
played in Leningrad.
Larsen’s objections were discussed also by the FIDE Bureau a few
days before the beginning of the Interzonal at Leningrad, views were
divided, but it was the concensus that it was already too late and
dangerous to make any changes in the schedule.
Owing to this dispute Larsen’s participation in Leningrad hung in the
balance until the last moment.
There were various views both before and after the two tournaments
as to which of them was the stronger. To mention some: Korchnoi, in
the weekly 64, stated that the Leningrad Tournament was ‘much
stronger’. ‘In the first place on the basis of the objective facts: both the
champion and the vice-champion of the Soviet Union and the winner
of the United States Zonal played in the Leningrad group. Secondly,
the participants in the Leningrad group were much younger than those
in Brazil.’
W. Kiihnle-Woods wrote on the same subject in Chess Express, having
been acting Chief Arbiter in Leningrad and Chief Arbiter in Petro-
polis. ‘Maybe in Leningrad there were more ‘better-known’ players,
whom one considered to go forward to the Candidates. Karpov, Tal,
Korchnoi, Larsen and Hiibner in one tournament was certainly a big-
sized concentration, and Petropolis could hardly muster anything
similar. But, upon termination of both tournaments, the difference
was not that great as was assumed before.’
The head of the Soviet delegation, V. Baturinsky, back from Brazil,
stated that the tournament at Petropolis was more equable than that in
Leningrad. Boris Spassky once stated that which was the stronger
group was ‘a matter of taste’.
Thus the tournaments started in the wake of polemics ~ first in
Leningrad, and seven weeks later at Petropolis.
 Interzonal Tournament, Leningrad and Petropolis 175

Leningrad, June 3-28, 1973

The tournament was launched with the mighty assault discharged by
Larsen, who like a whirlwind raked in 54 points in the first six games!
Many thought that he was already at the goal, but as the tournament
proceeded Larsen rapidly flagged after the eighth round in which he
was defeated by Korchnoi. In the second part of the tournament he
was not even the shadow of his old self. After his failure in the cham-
pionship of Leningrad, Korchnoi gave an excellent showing, and in the
opinion of many was the hero of the tournament. He won the greatest
number of games (11). He had given up smoking before the tourna-
ment, he stuck to a rigid regimen of physical preparations, and not
even for his birthday, he stated, did he touch a drop.
The young Anatoly Karpov, the hope of Soviet chess, was the only
unbeaten participant in the tournament.
A surprise was served up by Grandmaster Robert Byrne from the
United States, who achieved the greatest success in his chess career in
this tournament, in his forty-fifth year of age. He played a sound
smooth game, and statisticians have found that he was most rational
also in regard to the number of moves he played. He had the least
adjourned games, and in seventeen games he made 560 moves (an
average of thirty-three per game).
093 4. 52657, 8 9. 100)! 12:18 14.15 16.17 19
1 V. Korchnoi USSR erm ie Pe ei er 0 BIA a 135
2 A. Karpov USSR beo-k tidied Shale £44) bwlwledidel 12.134
3 R. Byrne USA UB ee Saas ay MEE URES ASUS ee Oe IE Sah I EOS haa a
4 J. Smejkal C2 POPPE OOHTP peppy Feokysys fo] Haypssyy
5 B. Larsen Dk Nerecmiec PlyO Ouse £06 1) be. th Aen
6 R. Hiibner BRD Geb derdelew Od soe ati ben l wes UP ee ted Ava atl 10
7 G. Kuzmin USSR Pie One ee EO ae a ae hol i Le dd
8 M. Tal USSR OF Ge Oe OF ey POT OS, OF POM “ey
9 S. Gligori¢ r Seder Dic lisOecle OF > bde beaded § Ocil ay, BF
10 M. Taimanov USSR (iL Or be taste do ti el eliet Pe.) ble de Ob
11 I. Radulov BG OG. de Gr 08 OF°0, EOE oe OX Ube kh) PRED OT. a9
12 M. Quinteros Arg GwiG) Cn lei led halts Wia0 Sande Odo loot gh angd
13 E. Torre PI QeeOntae int Oo celle. (miter Ogle 8 dele Dial oe 7
14 W. Uhlmann DDR Or i 0.0) tO) 4a er be eee Sle 8
15 J. Rukavina a Peco Ors Gud Oy lends Oindiek aking 3 OA licd wp SF
16 V. Tukmakov USSR OarO. Carts £4 3a Oe OF desk. ead F(a la Skat ap
17 G. Estevez C Op OP Op Oh ag ei GOO 440d OS) el
18 M. Cuellar Col Cithuothes Or GeOrnds Oy Chidy). 0 Or0a0 2.0 0.x. Ad

Thus Korchnoi, Karpov and Byrne attained their ambitions, having

won three top places and the right to take part in the Candidates
Matches. It was as though everything else was soon forgotten. Accord-
ing to the general concensus, the three main surprises of the tournament
were M. Tal’s failure, R. Byrne’s success and Larsen’s collapse.
176 Marathon Interzonal Tournaments

But what happened to the former World Champion, M. Tal, one of

the main favourites of the tournament? In the second and third rounds
he suffered two sensational defeats — against Torre and Estevez. Before
this, at various tournaments he had played eighty-four games and was
undefeated. In Leningrad his health betrayed him. And so the hope
fell through that a Fischer-T'al match would take place, which many
had been longing to see.

Petropolis, July 23 — August 17, 1973

Here also there were difficulties before the tournament started. One of
them came after the tragic death of Grandmaster L. Stein (USSR).
Differences broke out as to who should take part in the tournament in
his place. The FIDE President, having consulted members of the
Bureau, resolved upon D. Bronstein. Thus, following fifteen years’
absence from FIDE competitions, Bronstein returns to the Interzonal
Tournament.
Like Larsen in Leningrad, the young Yugoslav Grandmaster L.
Ljubojevi¢ shone at the beginning like the brightest star. He had
74 points after the tenth round, but this fighter of the lion heart, as
Mecking called him, collected only 14 points in the remaining seven
rounds.
Mecking (Brazil) played a wise game and was the first through the
finish, having won first place without a game lost. This was a great
triumph for Brazilian chess, which heralds the birth of a new great
talent.

12 3 45 67 8 9 1011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1 H. Mecking BR ee ee Py ae ae a i fk eee ee
2 E. Geller USSR Px FR Pw Peper ye 1 PAS py owe
3 L. Polugaevsky USSR Poy od® a a at 220 1 eee
4 L. Portisch H Reo ey ee Pa Pee eRe
5 V. Smyslov USSR Ae ar Se OR at As Mae Sue Sa ek a OT ee
6 D. Bronstein USSR ¥ Ob ed oe 08 2 pe php. 1 a Ane
7 V. Hort es Pe Peo CP Poo 1 4 f 4, 1 eer
8 V. Savon USSR OF F PE PO CHP SVE? PoP eee ss
9 B. Ivkov Yr FP FO? feed Oe Mek £8 Soe eee
10 L. Ljubojevié Y Por Foe eg UP x0 24 off Pees
11 S. Reshevsky USA OFS 0s 0% 0 SO Peay Sy eee
12 P. Keres USSR #0600 50570 El bom. oe2axe alowed ates
13 O. Panno Arg ae Oe ee Oe er a a I Be Ne ere
14 F. Gheorghiu R OOO F O80 Fe ee Pee ee
15 P. Biyiasas CDN Pol sO v0qatrlyvrone goo} Regeioy 8h ieaigala
16 W. Hug CH 0, 0°00 0 0.00200 £0 a4 alle eee
17 S. Kagan IL 0” 00 "00" T0040 0 OO Ue eo) eS
18 L. Tan Sing 6 co: °on09 0:04 Prove Fi ovolleiy F | pi eis
 Interzonal Tournament, Leningrad and Petropolis 177

In most of the forecasts Portisch was favoured, but by being beaten

in the last round by Polugaevsky he let slip a ‘sure’ chance. The uncer-
tainty in regard to the remaining two places had to be resolved in a
subsequent three-cornered match between Portisch, Polugaevsky and
Geller.
In comparing the two Interzonal Tournaments, we shall see that in
Leningrad two rounds before the end the situation was clear in regard to
the placement of the top three. At Petropolis the mystery remained
even after the tournament was over. The winners in Leningrad won a
high percentage of the points (79:4%), a higher percentage was won at
an Interzonal Tournament only by R. Fischer (at Palma de Mallorca —
80:4%). At Petropolis the tournament winner had about 70%. The
age of the participants at Petropolis averaged 36, of those in Leningrad
34 years. The youngest participants at Petropolis were Hug and Meck-
ing (21), the oldest Reshevsky (62). In Leningrad the youngest were
Torre and Karpov (21), the veteran was Cuellar (56), who failed to
win a single game.

Portoroz ] 2 5
Portisch Pts hela 4 1 54
Sue nian Lea t 3
Polugaevsky O* #0 X71 xX bes al 34
y "¥ 404K 0 4
Geller tie al 0:5 +0 x i2x S$
t 4 tn Pas Rie
In the subsequent three-cornered match at Portoroz (Yugoslavia)
from September 5 to 22, 1973, Portisch and Polugaevsky qualified for
the Candidates, while Geller dropped out of the running.
At the Interzonal Tournament in Leningrad many special prizes
were awarded. Karpov and Korchnoi won the most special prizes.
Jan Smejkal received the prize for the longest series of wins (7), R. Byrne
won the prize for the best result by a foreign player etc. At Petropolis
Bronstein scored a nice victory in his game against Ljubojevic¢.
Here are some selected games from both tournaments.
Leningrad: QxP 6 N-N3 N-B3 7 B-N2 Q-KR4
Larsen-Korchnoi 8 P-KR3 Q-N3 9 N-B3 QN-Q2 10
English Q-B2 P-K6 11QxQPxBP+ 12KxP
RPxQ 13 P-Q4 N-N3 14 P-K4(?)
1 P-QB4 P-K4 2 P-KN3 P-QB3 3 B-K3 15 B-B4 B-ONS5 16 N-B5 0-0-0!
N-KB3 P-K5 4 N-Q4 P-Q4 5 PxP 17 NxB PXN 18 P-R3 B-K2 19
178 Marathon Interzonal Tournaments

QR-QI1 KR-BI 20 K-K2 N-B5 21 R-R1 R-K8+ 39 RxR NxR 40

P-KR4 N-KR4! 22 B-R3 RxB! 23 Q-Q7 R-K7 41 B-Q5 K-N2 1-0
BxP+? K-B2 24 BXN NxP+ 25
K-K3 RI-KBI 26 KR-NI BxKRP Petropolis:
27 K-Q3 R-B7 28 R-Q2 B-N4! 29 Mecking-Reshevsky
RxRRxXR 30 N-K2 R-B6+ 31 K-B2
Ruy Lopez
NXP 32 B-Q3 R-K6 33 N-B3 N-N6
34 P-Q5 B-B3 35 N-Q1 R-B6 36 PxP 1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 B-N5
K xP 37 BxP K-Q3 38 R-KI1 N-B4 P-QR3 4 B-R4 N-B3 5 0-0 B-K2 6
39 R-K8 N-Q5-+ 40 K-Q2 B-N4-+ 41 R-K1 P-QN4 7 B-N3 P-Q3 8 P-B3 0-0
K-KI1 B-R5+ 42 K-Q2 R-KN6 43 9 P-KR3 N-NI 10 P-Q4 QN-Q2 II
B-K4 0-1 QN-Q2 B-N2 12 B-B2 R-K1 13 P-QR4
Korchnoi stated that this was his best B-KB1 14 P-QN4 P-QR4 15 NPxP
game in the Leningrad Interzonal. RxXP 16 R-N1 B-R3 17 RPxP RxP
18 B-N3 R-K2 19 Q-B2 R-N1 20 N-N5
B-N2 21 P-KB4! P-R3 22 BPxP PxP
R. Byrne-Taimanov 23 N5-B3 P-B4 24 B~R3 Q-B2 25 N-R4
R2-K1 26 Q-R2 N-N3 27 PXxKPRxP
Sicilian
28 BX KBP+ QxB 29 QxQ+ KxQ
1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 30 RxXN N-Q2 31 R-N5 B-R3? 32
N-B3 P-QR3 4 P-Q4 PxP 5 NxP R-KB1+ 1-0
P-K3 6 P-KN3 KN-K2 7 N-N3
P-QN4 8 B-N2 P-Q3 9 P-B4 B-N2 10 Bronstein-Ljubojevié
B-K3 P-N3 11 Q-Q2 Q-B2 12 Q-B2 Alekhine
B-N2 13 0-0 0-0 14 QR-QI1 KR-KI1
15 R-Q2 N-B1 16 P-QR3 R-NI! 17 1 P-K4 N-KB3 2 P-K5 N-Q4 3 P-Q4
R1I-Q1 P-N5 18 PxP NxP 19 B-Q4 P-Q3 4 P-QB4 N-N3 5 P-B4 PxP
BxB 20 QxB B-RI 21 B-BI1 P-K4 22 6 BPxXP P-QB4?! 7 P-Q5 P-K3 8
PxXP RxXP 23 Q-B2 BxP? 24 NxB N-QB3 PxP 9 PxP P-B5! 10 N-B3
RXN 25 P-B3 N-B3? 26 N-B5! B-KN5 11 Q-Q4 BxN 12 PxB B-N5
13 BxP 0-0 14 R-KNI P-N3 15

an B-KN5 Q-B2 16 B-N3 B-B4 17 Q-KB4!

BxR 18 P-Q6 Q-BI 19 K-K2? (Much
better is 19 0-0-0) 19. . . B-B4? (The
correct move was 19 . . . Q—-QB4!) 20
N-K4 QN-Q2 21 R-QBI1 Q-B3 22
Yipes

Yj Vii

26...PxN27R-Q7QxR28RXQR-
K2 29 R-Q1 NI-R2 30 Bx PN-K4 31
B-B1? P-B5 32 B-N2 N-Q6 33 Q-Q4
N-N4 34 Q xP NxNP 35 Q-B4 RI-K1
36 R-N1 N-Q6? 37 Q-Q2 N-R6 38 GHA.
PO IFAA,
 Inierzonal Tournament, Leningrad and Petropolis 179

RXB! NxXR 23 N-B6+ K-RI 24 KR-B1 32 P-K6 Px P+ 33 KxP R-BI

Q-KR4 Q-N4-++ (see diagram p. 178) 25 34 P-Q7 P-R4 35 N-N4 R-R3+4+ 36
K-K3! P-KR4 26 NxP QxB+ 27 K-K5 R-B4+ 37 QxR PxQ 38
PxQ N-Q4+ 28 K-Q4 N-K3+ 29 P-Q8=Q PxN 39 Q-Q7+ K-R3 40
KxNNxXB 30 N-B6+ K-N2 31QxN Q x QNP R-KN3 41 P-B4 1-0
6 Candidates Tournaments and Matches

Competitions for the world title contenders were set up only after
World War II, when the World Chess Federation assumed complete
control in determining a system of competition for the world cham-
pionship and a method of selecting challengers to play against the
World Champion. Candidates competitions were held between 1950
and 1965 in the form of tournaments. In 1965, Candidates Matches
were introduced. In both cases, the winner earns the right to challenge
the World Champion to a match for the title.
After Alekhine’s death on March 24, 1946, confusion and long
polemics arose as to how to determine the late World Champion’s suc-
cessor. Some suggested that the title revert to Dr Euwe, who lost to
Alekhine in 1937, while others suggested that the title go to Botvinnik,
who challenged Alekhine to a match which was scheduled to be held
soon, but which never took place, due to the sudden death of the
World Champion. At its Congress in Winterthur (Switzerland) in 1946,
FIDE, which until then had been a weak organization without much
say in determining a system for the world championships, decided to
take into its own hands all matters relevant to the organization of
matches for the world title. It was then decided to play a four-round
match-tournament, the winner of which would be the new World
Champion. For the future, a three year cycle of competition was intro-
duced, beginning with zonal tournaments, and going on to interzonal
and candidates tournaments, the winner of which automatically was to
become the challenger to the World Champion.
Winners of Candidates Competitions
1950 Budapest David Bronstein
1953. Neuhausen-—Zurich Vasily Smyslov
1956 Amsterdam-Leuwarden Vasily Smyslov
1959 Bled-Zagreb-Belgrade Mikhail Tal
1962 Curacao Tigran Petrosian
1965 Thilisi Boris Spassky
1968 Moscow Boris Spassky
1971 Buenos Aires Robert Fischer
 Ist Candidates Tournament, Budapest, 1950 181

FIDE’s plan came upon fierce opposition, and even the suspicion
that the results could be ‘fixed’ at a match-tournament. The Winter-
thur Congress was attended by the delegates of only eight countries.
The Soviet Union was not yet a member, while the United States had
not sent a delegate. The situation was so bleak (nor did political cir-
cumstances promise very much), that it appeared as if FIDE would
abandon its idea. The candidates for the world title became impatient
with the dragging out of procedure. Given the uncertain situation, Dr
Euwe proposed that Botvinnik be declared the champion, ‘so that the
candidates could know whom they were going to challenge, and not
have to fight against phantoms and ghosts, since there is no World
Champion’.
A turnabout occurred at the FIDE Congress of 1947 in the Hague,
when the Soviet Federation joined FIDE and agreement was reached
on holding a match-tournament of six participants, according to the
original plan. This marked the beginning of a new era in the history of
competition for the world championship. In spite of great criticism,
the new system ‘survived’, and the FIDE competitions are held regu-
larly according to programme.
From the very beginning, the Candidates ‘Tournaments were excep-
tionally attractive in terms of quality and competition. The subsequent
practice of matches, rather than tournaments, marked a refreshing
novelty, and today they are at the peak of popularity.

Ist Candidates Tournament, Budapest

April 11-May 18, 1950
Bronstein’s Triumph
A long ‘manoeuveral struggle’ was the prelude to the first Candidates
Tournament. According to the regulations, the top five players from
the Interzonal ‘Tournament in Saltsj6baden were to compete, together
with participants from the match-tournament for the world champion-
ship (Smyslov, Keres, Reshevsky and Euwe), and Fine, who was eligible
for the match-tournament, but had cancelled out. However, the Ameri-
can players cancelled out because the State Department refused them
persmission to travel to Hungary, while Dr Euwe could not obtain
leave..Given the situation; FIDE decided to include in the list of parti-
cipants the four players who took 6th to 9th place at the Interzonal
Tournament. In order for the number of players to be even, tenth place
 182 Candidates Tournaments and Matches

Dr Trifunovié was also scheduled to take part. However, Bondarevsky

unexpectedly withdrew from the tournament, and the number of par-
ticipants was reduced to ten, so that Dr Trifunovié’s invitation fell
through.
The Tournament ended with Boleslavsky and Bronstein sharing first
place. Boleslavsky entered the last round with a half point advantage,
but Bronstein caught up with him at the last moment by effectively
defeating Keres.
Bronstein-Keres 30 Px P Q-N5 31 PxXN QxB 32 R-B4
RWW Ted Q-B7 33 Q-R6 1-0
1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 B-N5_-Boleslavsky-Smyslov
P-QR3 4 B-R4 N-B3 5 0-0 B-K2 6 Slav
R-K1 P-QN4 7 B-N3 0-0 8 P-Q4 1 P-Q4 P-Q4 2 P-OB4 P-QB3 3
P-Q3 9 P-B3 B-N5 10 P-KR3 BxN N-QB3 N-B3 4 N-B3 PxP 5 P-QR4
11QxBPxP12QQ1PxP13NxP_ P-B4 6 P-K4 PxP 7 QxP QxQ 8
N-QR4 14 B-B2 R-K1 15 P-B4 P-N5 NxQ P-K3 9 N4-N5 N-R3 10 BxP
16 N-Q5 NXN 17 QxN P-QB3 18 B-B4 11 B-B4 K-K2 12 0-0 B-Q2 13
Q-Q3 P-N3 19 K-RI B-Bl 20 R-BI P-K5N-R414B-K3 KR-QBI 15 B-K2
B-N2 21 B-Q2 P-QB4 22 B-R4 R-KB1 P-KN3 16 N-K4 BxB 17 PxB R-B7
23 QR-N1 Q-N3 24 P-B5 B-Q5 25 18 N5-Q6 R-KB1 19 Bx N/R6 PxB 20
Q-KN3 N-B5 26 B-R6 B-N2 27 BxB P-KN4 N-N2 21 N-B6 B-B3 22 KR-BI
K xB 28 P-B6-+ K-R1 29 Q-N5 P-N6 1-0
1 2 3 nS Oo f=7) ~ fo) © o
1 J Boleslavsky
2 Bronstein
3 Smyslov
4 Keres
5 Najdorf
6 Kotov
7 Stahlberg
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The match between Boleslavsky and Bronstein ended in a minimum

victory for the latter, 74-64. Thus, the first cycle of the FIDE competi-
tion ended in Bronstein’s triumph at the Interzonal Tournament and
the Candidates Tournament.
Moscow
Bronstein 1444441044 034 4 1 %
Boleslavsky O44 44 4 0 1:4 4 1 3 4:0 64
‘These were probably Bronstein’s best days. Even in his match for the
world title against Botvinnik he suffered no defeat, but the ultimate tied
score was not enough to bring him the title.
 2nd Candidates Tournament, Neuhausen—Ziirich, 1953 183

2nd Candidates Tournament, Neuhausen-Ziirich

August 28—October 24, 1953
Symslov’s Success
This was a ‘mammoth’ Candidates Tournament, the largest in number
of participants and the longest in duration. Originally, there were to be
12 participants, five from the previous Candidates Tournament, the
five best from the Interzonal Tournament in Saltsj6baden, and Reshev-
sky and Euwe (who did not exercise their right to take part in the
previous tournament). Soviet players Kotov, Petrosian, Taimanov and
Geller took the first four places at the Interzonal Tournament, while
Averbakh, Gligori¢, Stahlberg and Szabo shared places 5 to 8. Under the
Sonneborn—Berger system Averbakh fared best, but protests and criti-
cism came from all sides against letting such inferior criterion be used to
determine such an important question. The matter was settled by
admitting all four players into the Candidates Tournament.
reese aay 5 «T6872 We" 9810! 112) 13 14215
1 Smyslov ied deh lode ld t 1149 40.39 $4 84 1 F118
2 { Bronstein 4 X LELLT¢bFOFFEFLTEFFEEFOLT
EP ER24 16
3 < Keres OW Of scrn a) 1 ded fk OF TED Ld aoe ID 1G
4 \Reshevsky POLO ek + Bes Pa al ed ol la 16
5 Petrosian PS 945k OF 3Gx FEO bE 0 OSE Bs PI a 15
6 (Geller 0-0-2 '1:4.018 £2 4 oeBEE £ OS07K 944 DOP 1.4 hor br 14k
7 4 Najdorf 44¢4422441200
ke 1414048444303 11 14
8 \Kotov PP ht £018 1 PH Cae: HOU O OLD 0. 14
9 {Taimanov £4 O04 dha 21 1 0.0070 Pe 10.44 34.007 1 1 14
10 4 Averbah aeer ded OF 2 Fede? 04 Onl) 69-2 4 POF 110.0 134
11 \Boleslavsky bea 2 0340.4 ¢ TOE Godel ded don < 400-4 4-45 le4 2 132
12 Szabé 91 0.0-2°014-0 0 OF1d $5001 2-3 eh F be 1 es Bad 13
13 Gligorié GeOe F008 OF OFF OFF TLE? OFOx 3 Dt P12;
14 Euwe OW ee FEO OD } POs pty b-0-04 04 Fp. 08x 41s 114
15 Stahlberg 0.4°44:0.0/0 420 0 4:2 010-140 00rd. 0 HOOF x. 9

This great tournament drew all the leading and strongest players in
the world, with the exception of Botvinnik. After two months
of strenuous battle, the winner was Smyslov who had lost only one
game out of 28. Reshevsky recorded his best standing in the cycle
of world competitions. He complained, however, that he had played
under difficult conditions. The American press pointed out that he
had come to the tournament ‘with his wife and two children, but with-
out a second, while the nine Soviet participants arrived at the tourna-
ment with a delegation of 17 members, including nine Grandmaster
seconds’.
184 Candidates Tournaments and Matches

It is interesting to note that Kotov defeated Smyslov in a critical

game, and also over-powered Reshevsky.

Averbakh-Kotov N-B3+ 36 K-B5 N-N1+ 37 K-N4

N-B3+ 38 K-B5 NxQP+ 39 K-N4
Old Indian
N-B3+ 40 K-B5 N-N1+ 41 K-N4
First Brilliancy Prize N-B3+ 42 K-B5 N-NI+ 43 K-N4
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-Q3 3 N-KB3 BxR 44 KxB R-B2 45 B-R4 R-N3+
QN-Q2 4 N-QB3 P-K4 5 P-K4 B-K2 46 K-R5 R2-N2 47 B-N5 RxB+ 48
6 B-K2 0-0 7 0-0 P-B3 8 Q-B2 R-K1 K-R4 N-B3 49 N-N3 RxN 50 Qx QP
9 R-Q1 B-B1 10 R-N1 P-QR4 11 P-Q5 R6-N3 51 Q-N8+ R-NI 0-1
N-B4 12 B-K3 Q-B2 13 P-KR3 B-Q2
Taimanov-Petrosian
14 R/NI-Bl P-KN3 15 N-Q2 QR-NI1
16 N-N3 NxXN 17 QXN P-B4 18 K-R2 Nimzo-Indian
K-R1 19 Q-B2 N-N1 20 B-N4 N-R3
21 BxB QxB 22 Q-Q2 N-NI 23 Second Brilliancy Prize
P-KN4 P-B4 24 P-B3 B-K2 25 R-KNI1 1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-K3 3
R-KB1 26 R/B1-Bl R-B2 27 NPxP N-QB3 B-N5 4 P—-K3 P-B4 5 B-Q3 0-0
PXP 28 R-N2 P-B5 29 B-B2 R-B3 30 6 N-B3 P-Q4 7 0-0 N-B3 8 P-QR3
N-K2(97) 30... QxP+!! 31 KxQ BxXN 9 PxB P-QN3 10 BPxP KPxP

eo mae
11 N-K5 Q-B2 12 NxN QXN 13 P-B3
B-K3 14 Q-K1 N-Q2 15 P-K4 P-B5
16 B—-B2 P-B4 17 P-K5 R-B2 18 P-QR4
P-QR4 19 P-B4 P-QN4 20 PxP QxP
21 B-R3 N-N3 22 Q-R4 Q-K1 23
R-B3 N-Bl 24 B-R4 R-Q2 25 R-N1
Q-Q1 26 BkR QxB (26...QxQ
27 BxB+ K-RI1 28 BxQP R-R2 29
R-N8 Q-Q1 30 P-K6 or 30 B-K6 wins)
27 R-KN3 N-R2 28 B-K7 B-B2 29
Q-N5 B-N3 30 P-R4 N-B3 31 B-R3
N-Q1 32 P-R5 N-K3 33 Q-R4 B-B2
34 P-R6 P-N3 35 Q-B6 Q-Q1 36 B-K7
R-R3-+ 32 K-N4 N-B3+ 33 K-B5 Q-B2 37 Rx P+ PxR 38 P-R7+ KxP
N-Q2 34 R-N5 R-KBI+ 35 K-N4 39 Qx B+ N-N2 40 K-B2 1-0

3rd Candidates Tournament, Amsterdam

March 27-April 30, 1956
A New Victory for Smyslov
Once again the tournament was preceded by polemics about the num-
ber of participants. The previous Candidates Tournament in Switzer-
land had been ‘intolerably expensive’, costing over 100,000 Swiss
francs. FIDE decided, therefore, to cut down the number of partici-
1 Wilhelm Steinitz 2 Emanuel Lasker
3 José Raoul Capablanca 4 Alexander Alekhine
5 Dr Max Euwe 6 Dr Mikhail Botvinnik
7 Vasily Smyslov 8 Mikhail Tal
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12 Robert Fischer chewing on a bun while chewing up an opponent

 ee

13 The Petrosians: Tigran, Rona, Vartan (J-r)

14 The Spasskys: Vasya, Boris’s wife, Boris (/—r)
 7:
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19 Miguel Najdorf 20 Viktor Korchnoi
21 Paul Keres 22 Bent Larsen
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23 Ljubomir Ljubojevié 24 Anatoly Karpov

25 Henrique Mecking 26 Lajos Portisch
 —yurte- mal

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27 Nana Alexandria 28 Nona Gaprindashvili

29 Jana Hartston v. Milunka Lazarevic, Skopje 1972
 porn.
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neeipesenirty

30 1959 Candidates’ Tournament

31 Pal Benko tries dark glasses to combat Tal’s basilisk stare,
Candidates’ 1959
 RN S
Ge:

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32 Botvinnik paces, Tal ponders

33 USA team members at Skopje 1972
34 Botvinnik, Tal, Petrosian, Smyslov, Spassky
35 Lev Polugayevsky watches Petrosian suggest a move to Fidel Castro
36 The giant electric demonstration board at Havana 1966
37 General view of the Playing Hall, Havana Olympiad 1966
 | chp
SPASSKY

38 Spassky v. Larsen 39 USSR v. World, Belgrade 1970

 Q
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Candidates’ 1971
40 Fischer, Bozidar Kazi¢ and Mark Taimanov,
giant GM Jan
41 Robert Byrne v. Smyslov, Skopje 1972. Dutch
Donner looks on
 S Ss wSKK & Wg

SK SAMBAND
i

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 3rd Candidates Tournament, Amsterdam, 1956 185

pants at the following tournaments. Seven players were due to take

part in the competition in the Netherlands. After criticism aimed at the
ruling that the defeated player in the match for the world title (Smy-
slov) had not the right to take part, it was decided to increase the
number of participants by three, (nine from the Interzonal Tourna-
ment in Goteborg and Smyslov).
1. $2 <3004, S50 G27 Big 10
1 Smyslov oad taal eeOde) dede1 dod 2 1 11h
2 Keres Rito til Piha dydh $016.4 4.04) 4.1.4 10
3 Bronstein SPO ove edit Oud 2 1 did ded) Od
4 Geller OU eee ele Olle lk del de Ot
5 Petrosian A POROM Sera gee re ee ae cg
6 Spassky 1$¢ee10844
x OF $4443 1
7 Szabé 4+¢¢ee4414413
x 044301 9
8 Filip PT EGET GENEWT OT OsPE RS ee a
9 Panno 1 LS a ry ee Pa a rt CeaRb a
10 Pilnik PeOoreOUUTUy tT0LOFOO0F xD
At the double-round tournament in Amsterdam (two laps were
played in Leeuwarden), Smyslov shone once again, thus recording two
consecutive wins at the Candidates ‘Tournament for the right to chal-
lenge the world title-holder. Spassky is the only one later to repeat this
success by twice winning the Candidates Tournament. This was the
era of Smyslov, who once again earned the right to a match with Bot-
vinnik. At the time, Smyslov was called the strongest ‘tournament
player’ in the world, but no one had yet succeeded in defeating Bot-
vinnik!

Smyslov—Geller 34 R3-KB3 R-K8+ 35 R-Bl R-K5

King’s Indian
36 Q-B2 R-K437BxR Px B 38Q-B8+
1-0
1 P-QB4 N-KB3 2 P-KN3 P-KN3 3
B-N2 B-N2 4 P-Q4 0-0 5 N-QB3 P-B3 Geller—Panno
6 P-Q5 P-Q3 7 N-B3 P-K4 8 0-O PxP
Ruy Lopez
9 PxP QN-Q2 10 P-QOR4 P-QR4 II
R-N1 N-B4 12 N-Q2 B-Q2 13 P-N3 1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 B-N5
R-B1 14 B-OR3 N-K1 15 N3-K4 P-N3 P-OR3 4 B-R4 N-B3 5 0-0 B-K2 6
16 N-B4 B-B4 17 NxN NPXN 18 R-K1 P-QN4 7 B-N3 0-0 8 P-Q4 P-Q3
P-K4 B-Q2 19 Q-Q2 P-B4 20 QxP 9 P-B3 B-N5 10 B-K3 PxP 11 PxP
Q-N4 21 N-N6 R-QI1 22 P-QN4 N-QR4 12 B-B2 N-B5 13 B-Bl P-B4
QBPxP 23 QxP Q-R4 24 Q-B3 14 NI-Q2 NxN 15 QxN BxN 16
PxP 25 NxB RXxN 26 BxKP N-B3 PxB PxP 17 QxP R-BI 18 B-N3
27 B-KN2 P-K5 28 Q-B4 P-K6 29 R-B4 19 B-KB4 Q-B1 20 QR-Q1 N-R4
P-R3 Q-N4 30 R-N3 R-K1 31 B-Bl 21 B-N3 Q-R6 22 B-Q5 NxB 23
PxP+ 32 Rx P Q-R4 33 B~N2 R-KB2 RPXN Q-Bl 24 P-QN4 R-B6 25
186 Candidates Tournaments and Matches

P-B4 Q-B2 26 K~N2 R-Q1 27 R-KRI1 PxP B-K2 31 Q-K4 R-B5 32 BxR
P-R3 28 R-R5 B-B3 29 P-K5 PxP 30 RxR33 BXBP-+ 1-0

4th Candidates Tournament, Bled-Zagreb—Belgrade

September 6—October 31, 1959
A New Star: Mikhail Tal!

This was a time when a new genius reigned: Mikhail Tal! After con-
secutive wins at the 1957 and 1958 Soviet Championships, the Inter-
zonal ‘Tournament in Portoroz and the International Tournament in
Zirich, Tal won the Candidates Tournament, only to complete his
streak by defeating Botvinnik! He did it all in one breath, in the im-
memorial style which recalled the ‘immortal age’ of Morphy. He later
added to this list of victories by winning the great international tourna-
ment in Bled in 1961.
His sensational results and his brilliance and beautiful style instilled
a fresh spirit into the art of chess.
The Candidates Tournament in Yugoslavia saw the advent of ‘chess
wonder’ Robert Fischer, who at the age of 15 had earned the title of
Grandmaster — unprecedented in the history of chess!
Fischer did not do as well as he had hoped (he lost to Tal by 4-0),
but this was only the beginning of his road to affirmation and later rise
on the international scene. These were the ‘golden years’, glowing in
the reflection of Tal and Fischer.
After six years, a Yugoslav player again took part in this tourna-
ment. "hat was Grandmaster Gligori¢, who was in outstanding form at
that time.
The tournament marked a great organizational success for the Yugo-
slav Chess Federation. Half of the competition was played in Bled,
one round in Zagreb and one round in Belgrade, arousing great public
interest on all occasions. After the Interzonal Tournament in Portoroz
in 1958, this was the second great event to bring Yugoslavia into the
centre of international chess.
Tal-Smyslov B-K2 9 0-0-0 0-0 10 N-Q6 Q-R4 11
Caro Kann B-QB4 P-N4 12 B-Q2 Q-R3 13 N-B5
B-Q1 14 Q-R4 PxB 15 Q-N5 N-R4 16
1 P-K4 P-QB3 2 P-Q3 P-OQ4 3 N-Q2 N-R6+ K-R1 17 QxN QxP 18 B-B3
P-K4 4 KN-B3 N-Q2 5 P-Q4 QPxP N-B3(92) 19 QxP!! Q-R8+ 20 K-Q2
6 N2xPPxP7QxP KN-B3 8 B-KN5 RxQ2I1NxR+ K-N122RxQKxN
 4th Candidates Tournament, Bled—Zagreb—Belgrade, 1959 187

Fischer—Benko
Sicilian
1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 P-Q4
PxP 4 NxP N-B3 5 N-QB3 P-Q3 6
B-QB4 Q-N3 7 N4-K2 P-K3 8 0-0
B-K2 9 B-N3 0-0 10 K-R1I N-QR4
11 B—-N5 Q-B4 12 P-B4 P-N4 13 N-N3
P-N5 14 P-K5 PxP 15 BxXN PxB 16
N/B3-K4 Q-Q5 17 Q-R5 NxB 18
Q-R6 PxP 19 N-R5 P-B4 20 QR-QI1
Q-K4 21 N4-B6+ BxN 22 NxB+
QxN 23 QxQ N-B4 24 Q-N5+ K-R1
23 N-K5+ K-K3 24 NxP/6 N-K5+ 25 Q-K7 B-R3 26QxNBxR27RxB
25 K-K3 B-N3+ 26 B-Q4 1-0 1-0

5th Candidates Tournament, Curacao, Willemstad,

May 2—Fune 26, 1962
Petrosian Records Success
This was the first Candidates Tournament to be played outside of
Europe, in the Dutch Antilles. As before, there were eight participants,
six from the Interzonal ‘Tournament and the two best players from the
previous cycle of competition.
Following his great success at the Interzonal Tournament in Stock-
holm, Bobby Fischer was one of the favourites in Curagao. He started
off poorly, however, (three defeats in the first five games), and wound
up taking fourth place. Petrosian was the winner, in front of Keres, who
continued his tradition of being always ‘second best’, The great Mik-
hail Tal had to leave the tournament after the third round because of
ill health.
Immediately after the tournament, and for many years to come,
Fischer would accuse the Soviet players of ‘team play at individual
tournaments’, of drawing games against each other without a fight,
and of blocking access to the world title. Following these and other
accusations printed in articles carried by Life and Sports Illustrated,
Fischer for many years abstained from taking part in FIDE com-
petitions.
Fischer also reproached the referee for not having prohibited the
players from talking among themselves during play.
Ten years later, the former world champion Vasily Smyslov com-
mented — in his foreword to the Soviet edition of Fischer’s book My 60
188 Candidates Tournaments and Matches

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 190 Candidates Tournaments and Matches

Memorable Games — on Fischer’s charges. Smyslov said that the tourna-

ment in Curagao was the first crisis in the chess career of the young
American Grandmaster. According to him, this first period was marked
by quick changes of success and failure and it was not completely
cloudless. However, any trouble was followed by new and even greater
achievement.
‘There is nothing strange about it,’ Soviet players spoke and wrote
at the time, ‘that in 1962 the then 19-year-old boy could not win the
Candidates Tournament in Curagao. Simply, Fischer was not mature
enough to defeat the extra-class Grandmasters. However, he did not
look into himself and try to find the objective reasons for his failure
there. Instead, he preferred to look for them... in the ‘sports tactics’
used by the winner of the Tournament’, writes Smyslov. He adds
that the Soviet Grandmasters were highly irritated by Fischer’s reac-
tion to his failure.

Petrosian-Korchnoi Fischer—-Korchnoi
English Pirc
1 P-QB4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 N-KB3 3 1 P-K4 P-Q3 2 P-Q4 N-KB3 3 N-QB3
P-Q4 PxP 4 NxP P-KN3 5 N-QB3 P-KN3 4 P-B4 B-N2 5 N-B3 0-0 6
P-Q4 6 B-N5 PxP 7 P-K3 Q-R4 8 B-K2 P-B47 Px PQ-R480-0Q x BP+
BxN PxB 9 BxP B-QN5 10 R-QBI 9 K-RI N-B3 10 N-Q2 P-QR4 1]
P-QR3 11 0-0 N-Q2 12 P-QR3 B-K2 N-N3 Q-N3 12 P-QR4 N-QN5 13
13 P-QN4 Q-K4(93) 14 P-B4! Q-NI1 P-N4(94) 13... BxP! 14BxBNxB
are LY
Fi
y Oo :

j he

17 N-Q5 B-Q3 18 N-K6 P-QN4 19 NxN Q-B3 18 P-B5 Q-B5 19 Q-B3

N5-B7+ K-K2 20 N-Q4 K-B12INxR QxRP 20 N-B7 QxN 21 N-O5
1-0 QR-K1 22 B-N5 QxP 23 BxP B-K4
24 R-B2 Q-B8+ 25 R-Bl Q-R3 26
P-R3 PxP 27 BXR RxB 28 N-K7+
K-R1 29 Nx P Q-K3 30 R-KNI1 P-R5
31 R-N4 Q-N6 32 Q-BI P-R6 0-1
 6th Candidates Competition, 1965 191

6th Candidates Competition, 1965

Spassky Wins in Matches
FIDE’s 1962 Stockholm Congress introduced an important change in
the holding of the final competition of candidates for the world cham-
pionship. It was agreed that candidates tournaments in the future be
replaced by candidates matches. At the FIDE Congress in 1958, the
Yugoslav delegate proposed the introduction of candidates matches,
but this idea, put up by international master V. Vukovi¢, was not
adopted at the time. Four years later, the Soviet Chess Federation,
which had been opposed to this system before, itself proposed introduc-
ing a system of matches. The proposal was officially submitted to the
Congress as a joint suggestion from the Soviet and Yugoslav delega-
tions. The advantage of matches rather than tournaments, it was
stressed, is that in the former participants are able to settle the question
of who is the stronger in direct battle with their opponents (there is no
‘third party influence’), they can be played in several countries, thus
spreading chess through a broader field, and finally, the popularity of
matches is today on the increase. Practically speaking, the organization
is relatively straightforward.
The FIDE Congress of 1968 in Lugano, however, heard certain
objections from those more in favour of tournaments. Matches, in their
opinion, are too tiring, especially short matches which are a great
psychological strain. It was remarked that the outcome of a match may
depend on certain psychological problems, such as a ‘difficult oppon-
ent’, a player whose style does not ‘suit’ the other player, or a player
whostirs up unpleasant memories from past encounters, etc. At the FIDE
Congress in Lugano, the Soviet delegate proposed that the Candidates
Tournaments (double-round) be reinstated instead of the matches. After
much polemics, however, a majority vote decided to retain the match
system. The Vancouver Congress in 1971 again faced the dilemma:
matches or tournaments? This time, however, the matches had already
taken deeper root, and they easily ‘survived’ criticism.
Hence, the system of matches was begun for the first time in 1965,
with eight players (six from the Interzonal Tournament and the two top
players, excluding the World Champion, from the previous cycle).
Knock-out matches are played, beginning with the quarter-finals and
going on to the final candidates match.
192 Candidates Tournaments and Matches

Spassky 6 Spassky 54
Keres 4 Spassky 7
Geller 54 Geller 2}
Smyslov 24 Spassky
Tal 54 Tal 54
Portisch 2} Tal 4
Larsen 54 Larsen 44
Ivkov 24

The results of individual matches can be seen from the following

tables.

Quarter-Finals
Moscow, April 17-27
Geller Ue ee ea a eee 5$
Smyslov 0 4 | BRN SOME nate * 24

Riga, April 4-14

Spassky ee Siac CR ia esBa tel $c 1 6
Keres AS eRe OG 8 Ee Wid Gao Bo 4

Bled, Fune 26—Fuly 10

Tal 4 1 Me SE Ee aaa 5$
Portisch RP ee $f en Oe 23

Bled, Fune 27—Fuly 10

Larsen loa ree ld. ee | ey
Ivkov Geo £1 0 0 heme ee 24

This was Ivkov’s first appearance in the candidates competition. He

and Gligorié were the only Yugoslav players to reach the heights of this
world competition.

Semi-Finals
Riga, May 26—Fune 9
Spassky $e ee ele tee 54
Geller RES ae YePHS pe Fayed sees 24
‘A pleasant man and an unpleasant opponent’, was how Grand-
master Geller wrote of his match with Spassky.
 6th Candidates Competition, 1965 193

Bled, Fune 26—Aug. 8

Tal OQ) Ss] Tf Splat ¢ Bie fg ie 53
Larsen ora z 3 Oe. hy B yt, 44
The final game in the match was the decisive one, with Tal playing
in “Tal style’.
The Final
Thilist, Nov. 1-26
Spassky 7-0 .1. 4 ‘get hogh aipqual eat BOR eae:
Tal + Ie. 0 ae ae ee BO
A great battle of psychological strain for both players. The 11th
game of the match will long be remembered for Tal’s last-ditch effort
to save the match, but Spassky defended himself masterfully and scored
his third consecutive win.

Match for Third Place

Copenhagen, March 10-25, 1966
Larsen a a oye red a 5
Geller On lb ae SHEE Fetes Rage 4
The match was noteworthy in that it gave the winner seeding for the
next Interzonal Tournament.
After gruelling matches, Boris Spassky overcame all obstacles and
reached the world title match against the then champion Tigran
Petrosian.

Geller-Smyslov Tal—Larsen

Griinfeld Sicilian

Game 5 Game 10
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-KN3 3 1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3
N-QB3 P-Q4 4 PxP NxP 5 P-K4 P-Q4 PxP 4 NxP P-K3 5 NO
NXN 6 PXN B-N2 7 B-QB4 P-QB¢4 8
N-K2 0-0 9 0-0 N-B3 10 B-K3 Q-B2
11 R-Bl R-Q1 12 P-B4 P-K3 13 K-R1
P-N3 14 P-B5 N-R4 15 B-Q3 KPxP
16 KPxP B-N2 17 Q-Q2 R-KI1 18
N-N3 Q-B3 19 R-KB2 QR-QI1 20
B-KR6 B-KRI1 21 Q-B4 R-Q2 22
N-K4 P-B5 23 B-B2 R2-K2 24 R1-Bl
RXN 25 PxP P-B3 26 Q-N5 Q-Q2
27 K-N1 B-N2 28 RxP R-N5 29
Px P+ K-RI 30BxB+ QxB31QxR
1-0
 194 Candidates Tournaments and Matches

P-Q3 6 B-K3 N-B3 7 P-B4 B-K2 8 22 Q-K4 Q-KBI 23 PxN R-B5 24

Q-B3 0-0 9 0-0-0 Q-B2 10 N4N5 Q-K3 R-B6 25 Q-K2 QxR 26
Q-NI 11 P-KN4 P-QR3 12 N-O4 QxR PxP 27 R-K1 R-QI 28 RxP
NxN 13 BXN P-QN4 14 P-N5 N-Q2 Q-Q3 29 Q-B4 R-KB1 30 Q-K4 P-N6
15 B-Q3 P-N5(95) 16 N-Q5!? PXN 17 31 RPx P R-B8+ 32 K-Q2 Q-N5-+ 33
P xP P-B4 18 QR-K1 R-B2 19 P-KR4 P-B3 Q-Q3 34 B-B5 QxB 35 R-K8+
B-N2 20 BxBP RXB 21 RxB N-K4 R-B1 36 Q-K6+ K-R1 37 Q-B7 1-0

7th Candidates Competition, 1968

Once again: Boris Spassky
Fight outstanding Grandmasters met in the 1968 candidates com-
petition: Spassky and Tal (as the most successful players in the previous
FIDE cycle) and the six top players from the Interzonal Tournament in
Sousse — Larsen, Korchnoi, Geller, Gligori¢é, Portisch and Reshevsky.
All had already taken part in the struggle to challenge the title-holder,
while Spassky, Tal, Larsen, Geller and Portisch had even participated
in the matches three years earlier.
There was a big age gap of 26 years between the oldest (Reshevsky)
and the youngest (Portisch and Spassky). Favourites could be picked
out in the quarter-finals, but the big four in the semi-finals (Spassky,
Larsen, Tal and Korchnoi) made it difficult to predict the winner.
But ‘dramatic’ is the word to describe all of the matches.

Larsen 54
Portisch 44 Raitt 23 ;
passky 64
Spassky 54
Gallet aps 7 BPA gas Saal
Tal 54
Gligorié 3} Jal 4318 bet es 3h
Korchnoi 54 )
Korchnoi
Reshevsky 24 eae

Quarter-Finals
After his dazzling success at the start, it appeared as if Larsen the opti-
mist would triumph easily. Patient. Portisch, however, succeeded in
levelling the score but let the ninth game slip through his fingers. Only
in the last game did Larsen win the match ‘for a second time’.
 7th Candidates Competition, 1968 195

Porec, May 5-24

Larsen “iol 610 6(Owse~- 4
Portisch eee OM be Mee ol de a 48
Geller was not too ‘delighted’ with Spassky for an opponent, for only
three years earlier he had easily been defeated by him in a match.
This gave Spassky a psychological advantage in addition to the strong
impression he had made with his play in both cycles.
Sukhumi, Fune 1-20
Spassky ie TE BM 9 lala MAGS Sle ha
Geller 3 0 + 0 = 0 4 4S 24
Great interest reigned in the match between ‘chess wizard’ Tal and
eleven-time Yugoslav champion Gligori¢€. Gligorié led after the fifth
game, but he lost the sixth without even really playing. This was
the turning-point. Tal played much better in the second half of the
match.
Belgrade, April 20-May 15
Tal +O) 3 4 $ 4 l | 4 54
Gligorié l 4 3 4 $ 0 0 + 0 34
As expected, Reshevsky, who had returned to the candidates com-
petition after a 15-year absence, did not offer Korchnoi the ‘terrible’ a
strong battle. “The decisive game in the match was the second, in
which I decided to make a move which I rarely play: 1 P-K4’, writes
Victor Korchnoi of the match.
Amsterdam, May 7-20
Korchnoi 4 ] 4 $ l 4 4 5}
Reshevsky $ $ 4 0 3 7 23
Semi-Finals
Malmé, Fuly 5-20
Spassky | l i s 0 4 ] £ 54
Larsen 0 0 0 $ | 4 0 4 24
‘The Battle of Malmo’ began disastrously for the ‘Danish Viking’. In
the very first game, perhaps the best in the entire match, Spassky
scored a brilliant victory. “The meet between the two antipodes, Larsen
and Spassky, evolved in a gruelling battle . . . Larsen introduced a
fundamentally new element in chess. He takes the initiative and always
plays to win. His game reminds one of Bogoljubow, who said: As White
 196 Candidates Tournaments and Matches

I win because I have the advantage of the first move, as Black I win —
because I am Bogoljubow’ — Euwe.

Moscow, June 26—Fuly 15

Korchnoi EE RS OPO ste Q Por tpt eae rae 51
Tal £2 PIO80OS, SEL og ee
It was known that Tal found it difficult to play against Korchnoi,
and there was the additional psychological factor that the sum of their
meets so far was in favour of Korchnoi. ‘Chronic misfortune’, which
Tal’s second Koblencs called the ‘paradox of the century’, continued to
pursue the former World Champion in this match as well. The last
game was a dramatic one, for Tal played to win — ‘all or nothing’. . .
victory was within reach . .. but Korchnoi, who ‘for the first time in his
life was playing to draw’, succeeded, as often before, in rescuing the
game.

The Final
Kiev, September 6-26
Spassky Hig! aad Sodbrud, PQinkdeen doutad he deere
Korchnoi $0: che UDF fade Secdotc® Owed Oye Aes
‘Spassky chooses weapons for each of his opponents not to their lik-
ing’, wrote Korchnoi after the match. ‘I suppose that while still pre-
paring for the match, Spassky conceived a tactic which would impose
upon me an unpleasant mode of battle . . . Not once did I succeed in
penetrating my opponent’s defence. The only victory in the sixth game
is more Spassky’s doing than mine . . . Spassky won the match because
he knew how to take advantage of his possibilities up until the very end.
I had the initiative in many games, but I did not know how to break
Spassky’s defensive fortress’. That is how Korchnoi wrote of his match
with Spassky, a match which once again brought Spassky to the position
of challenging World Champion Petrosian, where he reached the summit
and won the world championship title.
‘I was well acquainted with Korchnoi’s play long before the match.
Korchnoi resolved the problem of the move 1 P-K4 well, and blunted
the instrument which had served me so well against Geller and Larsen.
But Korchnoi did not know how to make effective use of the advantage
of having the first move in his games with White. The outcome of the
match was settled more or less in the middle-game’. That is how Boris
Spassky saw the match. }
 8th Candidates Competition, 1971 197

Match for Third Place

Ersel, March 12-22, 1969
Larsen 3 4 ] — (a —
ee eee
Tal 4 4 0 0. 4). OF Seb: Orpen
Spassky-Geller Spassky—Korchnoi
Sicilian King’s Indian
Game 6 Game 7
1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-QB3 P-Q3 3 1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-KN3 3
P-KN3 N-QB3 4 B—-N2 P-KN3 5 P-Q3 N-QB3 B-N2 4 P-K4 P-Q3 5 P-B3 0-0
B-N2 6 P-B4 N-B3 7 N-B3 0-0 8 0-0 6 B-K3 N-B3 7 KN-K2 P-OR3 8 N-B1l
R-N1 9 P-KR3 P-QN4 10 P-R3 P-K4 9 P-Q5 N-Q5 10 N-N3 NxN 11
P-OR4 11 B-K3 P-N5 12 PxP RPxP QxN P-B4 12 Px Pep PxP 13 0-0-0
13 N-K2 B-N2 14 P-N3 R-RI1 15 R-Bl B-K3 14 Q-R3 N-K1 15 P-R4 P-B3
R-R7 16 P-N4 Q-R1 17 Q-K1 Q-R3 16 P-B5 R-B2 17 Q-R4 Q-B2 18 B-QB4
18 Q-B2 N-R2 19 P-B5 N-N4 20 PxP BxB19QxB B-BI1 20 P-R5 QPxP 21
RP xP 21 N-N5 N-R6 22 Q-R4 R-B1 PxXP PxP 22 Q-K6 R-QI1 23 RxR
23 RXN PXR 24 Q-R7+ K-BI1 25 QxR 24 R-Q1 Q-K2 25 QxQBP
NxPRxP 26 B-R6 RxR+ 27NXR N-B2 26 Q-N6 K-N2 27 N-Q5 Q-K3
KxXxN 28 QxB+ K-KI1 29 P-N5 P-B4 28 BX PBXB 29 Q xB N-N4 30 Q-K3
30 OQxP+ K-Q2 31 Q-B7+ K-B3 32 Q-B3+ 31 K-N1 N-Q5 32 R-QBI
PxP+ 1-0 Q-N4 33 N-B7 Q-K7 34 N-K6+ K-R2
35 Q-R6+ 1-0

6th Candidates Competition, 1971

Fischer’s Phenomenal Results

Fischer’s results left a strong mark on the 1971 Candidates Matches.

The entire world talked about this phenomenon, unprecedented in the
history of chess competitions. Everyone spoke and wrote about this new
genius who had instilled something exciting into chess, and who had
aroused world interest in this ancient game, even in places where it was
given comparatively little attention. The American Grandmaster
inspired awe at his brilliant results, at his style and manner of play,
at his exactness and fanatical, competitive spirit.
A drawing of lots set the tone: the strongest players of the West
(Fischer and Larsen) were to be in one group and the strongest Soviet
players in another. This made a final match between a Soviet player and
the best player from the West a certainty.
 198 Candidates Tournaments and Matches

Fischer : h Fischer 6
Taimanov 0
Fischer 64
Larsen 54
34 Larsen 0
Uhlmann
Fischer
i Korchnoi 44
eee
Petrosian 2%
Petrosian 4 :
Sy wei 3 \ Petrosian 54

The Quarter-Finals
Fischer-Taimanov 6-0
Vancouver, May 16—Fune 2
Great interest awaited Fischer’s first match with a Soviet Grandmaster.
An unusual argument arose prior to the match about the exhibition
hall. According to the organizer’s programme the match was originally
scheduled to take place in a small hall, without an audience. The
Soviet federation opposed any change in the customary conditions
and even threatened to boycott the candidates competition! There are a
few rare instances in the annals of competition for the world champion-
ship in which play evolved without an audience (a few games between
Capablanca and Alekhine, the Korchnoi—Reshevsky match in 1968),
but the regulations mentioned nothing about such a case.
After lengthy deliberation, the FIDE President and the chief
referee at the match decided to hold the match in a large theatre hall in
Vancouver. And so the match began, with a three day delay.
The final result of the match created an unimaginable sensation.
Taimanov stated that the match ‘reminded (him) of (his) childhood’,
for the mistakes he made in the second and fifth games date back to
‘boyhood days’. None of this could explain nor detract from Fischer’s
triumph. It was felt that this result would go down in the annals of
chess history as unique among Grandmasters of such calibre. Fischer
recorded an absolute (100%) victory in the fewest possible number of
games (in a match of 10 games). This is a record which cannot be
toppled and it was felt that it could never again be repeated.
It is, of course, superfluous to presenta table of the match.
 8th Candidates Competition, 1971 199

Las Palmas, May 13-Fune 1

Larsen | 0 4k 4 | 4 0 Nt 5}
Uhlmann 0) 3 0 4 0 4 ] 0 34
The fourth game was crucial, for Uhlmann, in a winning position,
made a simple error and lost.
Moscow, May 13-31
Korchnoi 1 4 4 0 1 enee
Geller 0 $ 4 ] 0 he}
Role Oe Opera 2
This matching, boasting no particular favourite, promised a bitter
and uncertain struggle. In their statements before the match, neither
Geller nor Korchnoi were particularly pleased with having such a
strong opponent at the very beginning. Geller, the oldest participant in
the 1971 Candidates Matches, proved to be more in the right when he
offered battle only until the fifth game.
Seville, May 13-28
Petrosian ro top 2 2 I 4
Hiibner bo}
bos 3
Ibo
3 3 $ 0 3
The match began with an unusual series of draws, although the
former world champion was considered to be the absolute favourite
over the inexperienced Hiibner. The duel became unusual, however,
because it was not finished in the customary way, for after the seventh
game Hiibner gave up the match.
The trouble began in the sixth game in which Hiibner had agreed to
an early draw, because he could not tolerate the noise coming into the
hall from the street. That day a soccer game was played between
Seville and Granada, and as the hall was at street level, the shouts
and tumult of thousands of fans walking by disturbed Hiibner. Since he
lost the seventh game, Hiibner decided to give up the match. In an
article in The Times by the chief referee, Golombek wrote extensively on
this incident, stressing that the conditions had been truly unbearable
and that the din had not bothered Petrosian so much because he was
‘somewhat deaf”.
200 Candidates Tournaments and Matches

Semi-Finals

Fischer—Larsen 6-0
Denver, Fuly 6-25
“The miracle of Vancouver’ repeated itself in Denver. Fischer worked at
setting the same record in two months, a record which was not ex-
pected to be set ever again. Many were inclined to believe that the
match in Vancouver ‘was similar to a match between boxers of different
weights’, and that it would be much more difficult to deal with Larsen
in the same way.
“The result seems incredible and strange, but it is logical if analysed
through each individual game’, said Spassky of this match.
Naturally, there were times when Larsen could have drawn, but even
then he was attacking his opponent. The offer of a draw was a custom
forgotten by both Larsen and Fischer.
Once again it is unnecessary to give a table of the match.

Moscow, Fuly 4-28

Petrosian S208 PUR RO Oe dd Bike eee eee
Korchnoi ob PhS FG hb Cd re Oran ead
‘The beginning of the match recalled the tactics used by Petrosian in
his match with Hiibner. ‘The first eight games ended in draws, which
stirred discontent among the match’s fans and viewers in the Soviet
Union and abroad’, said Korchnoi. ‘In a harsh interview (in form and
in content) given by Fischer after the Denver match, he termed the
outcome of the match in Moscow funny. We, the participants in the
match, were accused of abstaining from battle almost by common con-
sent. It is difficult to agree with such accusations’.
Korchnoi also notes that the draws recorded at the end of certain
games came after relatively hard and arduous play.

The Final
Buenos Aires, Sept. 30-Nov. 28
Fischer ] 0 3 4 3 ] l 64
Petrosian 0 1 3 3 0 0 0 0 24
 8th Candidates Competition, 1971 201

The interest aroused by this match was such as never before, and due
just as much to Fischer’s earlier feats as to the fact that this was the first
time that a chess player from one of the western countries threatened
postwar Soviet domination. The FIDE Bureau was inundated with
offers to organize the match: Skopje, Umag, Buenos Aires, Athens,
Moscow and the United States. As Petrosian announced that he would
not play in Yugoslavia, lots were drawn at the FIDE Congress between
Athens and Buenos Aires in favour of the latter.
This time the beginning differed from Fischer’s earlier matches. As
expected, he won the first game, but Petrosian had a good position and
his opening was a surprise. Petrosian scored a marked victory in the
second game, handing Fischer his first defeat after 20 consecutive wins.
Next came a series of ‘Petrosian’ draws and it looked as though Petro-
sian had succeeded in forcing ‘his style of play’ on his opponent. It is the
general feeling that Petrosian was stronger in the first five games,
although this is not shown by the results.
After five games, Petrosian experienced a sudden lack of form and
his rapid downfall. With four consecutive wins, Fischer ended the
match in his style, so that there was no need to play the three remaining
games.
Thus, the match ended in Fischer’s triumphant blaze of glory from
the Interzonal Tournament through the Candidates Matches. This also
marked the end of one of the most dramatic cycles of Candidates
Matches, and for the first time in post-war history brought a non-
Soviet player to the match with the World Champion.

Fischer-Taimanov K-Q3 33 P-OR4 N-K2 34 P-R3 N-B335

Th P-R4 P-R4 36 R-Q3+ K-B2 37 R-Q5
P-B4 38 R-Q2 R-B3 39 R-K2 K-OQ2
Game 4 40 R-K3 P-N3 41 B-N5 R-Q3 42 K-K2
1 P-K4 P-QB4 2N-KB3 N-QB33P-Q4 K-QI 43 R-Q3 K-B2 44RxRKxR
PxP 4 NxP Q-B2 5 N-QB3 P-K3 beet ha Hp
6 P-KN3 P-QR3 7 B-N2 N-B3 8 0-0
xN 9 QXxN N B-B4
NxN9 B- 10 B-B4
-B4 P-Q3
P-Q 11 i
Lei,AVi Y7}
Q-Q2 P-R3 12 QR-Q1 P-K4 13 B-K3
B-KN5 14 BxB PxB 15 P-B3 B-K3
16 P-B4 R-Q1 17 N-Q5 BxN 18 PxB
P-K5 19 KR-KI RxP 20 RxP+K-
Q1 21 Q-K2 RxR+ 22QxR+Q-Q2
23 QxQ+KxQ 24 R-K5 P-ON3 25
B-B1 P-OR4 26 B-B4 R-KB1 27 K-N2
K-Q3 28 K-B3 N-Q2 29 R-K3 N-N1 30
R-Q3+ K-B2 31 P-B3 N-B3 32 R-K3
202 Candidates Tournaments and Matches

45 K-Q3(96) 45... N-K2 46 B-K8 PxP 4 NxP P-QR3 5 B-Q3 N-OB3

K-Q4 47 B-B7+ K-Q3 48 K-B4 K-B3 6 NxN NPXN 7 0-0 P-Q4 8 P-OB4
49 B-K8+ K-N2 50 K-N5 N-BI 51 N-B3 9 BPxP BPxP 10 PxPPxP 1]
B-B6+ K-B2 52 B-O5 N-K2 53 B-B7 N-B3 B-K2 12 Q-R4+ Q-Q2 13 R-K1
K-N2 54 B-N3 K-R2 55 B-Ql K-N2 QxQ 14NxQ B-K3 15 B-K3 0-0 16
56 B-B3+ K-B2 57 K-R6 N-NI1 58 B-QB5 KR-Kl 17 BxB RxB 18
B-Q5 N-K2 59 B-B4 N-B3 60 B-B7 P-QN4 K-Bl 19 N-B5 B-BI 20 P-B3
N-K2 61 B-K8 K-Q1 62 Bx PNxB 63 R2-R2 21 R-K5 B-Q222NxB+RXN
KxNP K-Q2 64 KxBP N-K2 65 23 R-QB1 R-Q3 24 R-B7 N-Q2 25
P-QN4 PxP 66 PxP N-BI 67 P-R5 R-K2 P-N3 26 K-B2 P-KR4 27 P-B4
N-Q3 68 P-N5 N-K5+ 69 K-N6 K-BI P-R5 28 K-B3 P-B4 29 K-K3 P-Q5+
70 K-B6 K-N1 71 P-N6 1-0 30 K-Q2 N-N3 31 R2-K7 N-Q4 32
R-B7-++ K-K1 33 R-QN7 NxNP 34
Fischer—Petrosian B-B4 1-0
Sicilian

Game 7
1 P-~K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 P-K3 3 P-Q4

VANCOUVER, 8.C, CANADA

Fischer-Taimanov Match
GAME NUMBER
pate Wa Aen 4 a te em
wiite_ A. TA/MANO
BLACK ae FISCHER
OPENING.

nr ofter.
a ——
a
eee
Bias
EE Tp
testa eee B
VS
IG tk Ie Fite, OW > are.

ese geeve Bet NC

+l" CN DG Ale
Pigs Nas peor ey el LAA Aye]
a WS or
SE 6 ver Cine ir Sed adh 00h idiot, v3
Zimsnadi ge pion ard eal<r laa od|,
Fh) She wheat sige dha 2
BE tbo wuertgest
EiMoigtdteg eile ws,
FAIR fyatgten. hs

‘pa PCr ea a eS eg nee ahpieeeniey

AGEL CAD tN GT od eaten, stdepee
aL Bt ete KOT AR es
7 World Champions and Their Challengers

The beginnings of chess are veiled in numerous legends and tales which
exude oriental wisdom. The first heralds of chess are linked to competi-
tions which are part of the essence of this ancient game.
The verse of the 7th century poet Ban mentioning that wars at that
time were waged only on chess boards indicate that matches were held
in India. The poet Firdausi writes in The Book of Kings that a dispute
over prestige between India and Persia was not settled through war,
but through competition in chess.
Numerous disputes in Arabia were settled not on the battlefield, but
at the chess board. In the 7th and 9th centuries, the first masters appear
as contestants in chess matches at the court of the caliphs of Baghdad,
and their names have been recorded in the history of chess. In the 14th
century competitions of masters were held at the court of the last
Mongolian conqueror, Tamerlane, and among the Moors in Spain.
Medieval competitions were restricted to narrow regions because of
extremely bad communications. Any journey to distant regions was an
adventure and a risk. On land, there was danger from highwaymen,
and at sea from pirates.
The improvement of communications in Europe and the greater
safety of travel later made possible occasional meetings of Spanish and
Italian masters. T'wo Italian and two Spanish masters competed at the
court of Philip m in Madrid, in 1571. The Italian Giovanni Leonardo
came out victorious, and was recognized as the strongest. ‘The tourna-
ment in Madrid marked the beginning of the pre-champion era, and
the victor, Leonardo, could be called the champion of the Mediter-
ranean countries.
At the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th centuries, there
was a great rivalry between French and English masters, who played
matches against each other. Philidor, after his victory over Stamma,
Labourdonnais after his victory over McDonnell, and Staunton after
his victory over Saint-Amant could be considered the champions of
Western Europe.
204 World Champions and Their Challengers

The new era of chess competitions began with the International

Tournament in London in 1851, at which 16 eminent masters from
England, Germany, Hungary and France took part. The winner
of the final match was the German player Adolf Anderssen. As there
were no competitors from the USA and Russia, Anderssen could be
considered the champion of Western and Central Europe, but not of
the world. ‘The German Grandmaster’s defeat in Paris at the hands of
the American champion Morphy confirms this.

Morphy Unofficial Champion

When Adolf Anderssen (1818-1879) and Paul Morphy (1837-1884)
met in Paris in December, 1858, they fulfilled all the requirements for
pretenders to the supreme title. Anderssen still held the trophy of
winner of the first international tournament, while Morphy bore the
title of American champion, and had defeated a number of masters in
London and Paris when he tried his hand in short matches in Europe.
The match between Anderssen and Morphy was played on the basis
of seven wins. Morphy won with a score of 7-2 with 2 draws, proving
himself to be the best player in the world. His brilliant success left a
deep impression, so that his proclamation as World Champion would
have been accepted unanimously. But Morphy did not desire the title.
Upon his return home, Morphy was welcomed with great pomp.
He had not thought about the title of ‘Champion of the World’, and he
had already decided to step down from the chess scene. This is why he
has entered the annals of chess only as unofficial World Champion.

Preparations for the First Official Match

Wilhelm Steinitz (1836-1900) was born in Prague, and came to Vienna
as a youth in 1858 to enrol at the Polytechnic Institute. Here he entered
various tournaments and quickly made his way into the front ranks of
Viennese players. He scored a record success in the winter of 1861/2
when he masterfully won the championship of the Vienna chess club,
winning 30 out of 31 games! At the closing ceremony, the president of
the club presented him with an expensive leather suitcase, and then
informed him that he would have to wait a while for the main prize.
The young man was eaten with curiosity. What secret could be linked
to that suitcase?
 Preparations for the First Official Match 205

A month later, Steinitz received the main prize. It was an invitation

to participate at the International Tournament in London from June
16 to July 10th, 1862, with expenses paid for the trip, board and
lodging. The president said to the young man: ‘Go West. I want you to
be Morphy’s successor!’
Because of his lack of experience, Steinitz only took sixth place among
the 14 contestants in London, Anderssen taking first place. This did not
confuse the young man. He decided to stay on in London, the greatest
world chess centre. He wanted to improve his game and to overtake
Anderssen, who had become the leading figure in chess after Morphy’s
withdrawal.
Steinitz’s rise was unbroken. He won matches against a whole series
of masters, and took first prize at a number of tournaments. This led the
English to arrange a match between him and Anderssen. The London
clubs collected £300. £100 was set aside as the prize for the winner,
and £200 allotted for the expenses of both players. The match was to
be decided in favour of the first player to win eight games.
Steinitz won the match against Anderssen, in the summer of 1866,
with a score of 8-6, and no draws. With a heavy heart, Anderssen
left London, where he had experienced his triumph 15 years earlier.
And Steinitz, having eliminated a dangerous rival, began thinking
about proclaiming himself champion of the world. He did not dare
take this step, however, as Morphy, though ailing, still lived. Even
though he was not playing, Morphy was still the best chess player in
the world to the Americans, who would have protested if someone were
to take the champion’s title. This is why Steinitz decided to watch and
wait.
In the meantime, a new competitor emerged — Johannes Zukertort
(1842-1888). At the double-round tournament of 14 masters in
London, in 1883, he took first prize with 22 points, and Steinitz was
second with 19. This tournament is particularly stressed in the annals
of chess, because double chess clocks, constructed by T. B. Wilson of
Manchester, were used for the first time.
At the same tournament in London, 1883, there was an unpleasant
incident. The president of the St George Chess Club rose at the banquet
and toasted the best chess player in the world. Both Steinitz and Zuker-
tort rose to thank him, each of them believing that the toast was meant
for him.
The following year, in 1884, Morphy died, so that nothing stood in
the way of organizing a match for the world championship. Steinitz
206 World Champions and Their Challengers

then moved to New York with his family and immediately began work
on organizing a meeting with Zukertort. At the same time he began
negotiations with his rival, who had meanwhile moved to London. The
negotiations were drawn out and lasted almost three years.
In the beginning, Zukertort insisted on playing in London, but later
accepted Steinitz’s suggestion that they meet in the US, with regard to
the fact that the material conditions were better. He was given $750.
for the trip across the Atlantic. The winner was promised 25% of the
proceeds from the betting.
It was agreed that the first to win ten games be proclaimed the
winner. Draws, of course, would not be counted. If a score of 9-9 were
to be reached, the match would be broken off and considered a draw.
Namely, one single game — the tenth — should not be decisive for the
final outcome of the match.
The clock which had been used three years earlier at the International
‘Tournament in London was to be used for the match. It was deter-
mined that the time limit be 30 moves in the first two hours, and
15 moves for each succeeding hour. This meant a tempo somewhat
slower than is usual at competitions today.
For the first time in the history of chess, a demonstration chess
board, one meter square, was placed on the wall above the players.
This proved to be an outstanding discovery, for the public in their
seats could follow the course of the game.
The technical details did not differ from those of today. A referee
was constantly beside the players. The seconds, members of the organiz-
ing committee and representatives of the press sat in the front rows of
seats, and other observers sat behind them. The experienced Steinitz
made all provisions to avoid a dispute between the players, or inci-
dents in the public, which included those with bets on the match who
were materially interested.

Official World Champions

1886-1894 Wilhelm Steinitz

Prague 12.5.1836—12.8.1900 New York
1894-1921 Dr Emanuel Lasker
Berlinchen 24.12.1868—13.1.1941 New York
1921-1927 José Raoul Capablanca
Havana 19.11.1888-8.3.1942 New York
1927-1935 Dr Alexander Alekhine
Moscow 31.10.1892—24/25.3.1946 Estoril (Lisbon)
 Steinitz the First Champion 207
1935-1937. Dr Max Euwe
Amsterdam 20.5.1901
1937-1946 Dr Alexander Alekhine
1946-1948 Vacant
1948-1957 Dr Mikhail M. Botvinnik
St Petersburg 17.8.1911
1957-1958 Vasily Smyslov
Moscow 24.3.1921
1958-1960 Dr Mikhail M. Botvinnik
1960-1961 Mikhail Tal
Riga 9.11.1936
1961-1963 Dr Mikhail Botvinnik
1963-1969 ‘Tigran Petrosian
Tbilisi 17.6.1929
1969-1972 Boris Spassky
Leningrad 30.1.1937
1972- Robert J. Fischer
Chicago 9.3.1943

Stemnitz the First Champion

Steinitz — Lukertort: +10 —5 =5
The match began on January 11, 1886, at 14-00 hours, in the ‘Cartiers
Academy’ Hall (No. 80 Fifth Avenue), in New York. This is the same
hall where Morphy held demonstrations, and the aspirants sat at his
table.
The New York City Paper thus described both players: ‘Both Steinitz
and Zukertort are of medium height. The former is strong, balding,
with lively eyes and a reddish-brown beard. The latter is frail, with a
pale face and a full, short beard. On Zukertort’s face one can see
the traces of hard spiritual labour. While he ponders on his moves,
his eyes seem to be concealed by a veil. Their sudden flash reveals
that he has made a decision. And a move as quick as a thunderbolt
immediately follows. Steinitz is much more peaceful in appearance,
almost immobile, and while his opponent is thinking, he casts
quick appraising glances at the board. Zukertort plays quickly, as if
guided by inspiration, while Steinitz makes his moves slowly and
ponderously.’
Five games of the match were played in New York. Zukertort lost the
first, and won the four following games, taking the lead by 4-1.
The resumption of the match in St Louis revealed the true Steinitz.
He played cautiously, and let his opponent get reckless. Steinitz won
208 World Champions and Their Challengers

the sixth and seventh games, drew the eighth, and won again in the
ninth. He triumphed in St Louis with a score of 34-4, thus evening out
the score to 4—4 with one draw.
The final outcome was to be decided in the third part of the match in
New Orleans. Zukertort was mentally broken down, and could not
withstand the superior strategy of his opponent. Steinitz ran up six
victories, one defeat and four draws. The last, twentieth, game ended on
March 29, 1886, when Zukertort signed his resignation and was the first
to congratulate the champion.
Steinitz—Zukertort
New York, St Louis and New Orleans
January 11—March 29, 1886
123456789 1011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Steinitz 1.0.0.0 0.11 4:1°3> 1) PYO a gs eran os
Zukertort O.1 11 100 02.0 2.0. 0: Ter th) ae oe
‘Steinitz the realist has defeated the artist Zukertort!’ wrote the
papers of that day. These words were not just a statement, but an
expression of regret, for the master of combination, Zukertort, was
dearer to the public heart than the cold strategist and calculator,
Steinitz.
There is no doubt that Steinitz had an advantage in making better
use of the time allowed for consideration. In the fifth game (Zukertort’s
victory in 32 moves), Zukertort used 55 minutes, and Steinitz 2 hours
and 30 minutes. In the eleventh game (Steinitz’s victory in 42 moves),
Zukertort used 1 hour 25 minutes to plan his moves, as opposed to
Steinitz’s 2 hours 40 minutes. This ratio is about the same in the other
games. Zukertort’s haste and excessive impulsiveness doubtless had some
connection with a heart ailment he had incurred in childhood. Two
years after the match, Zukertort died of a heart attack.

Zukertort-Steinitz
Queen’s Gambit Declined
Game 7
1 P-Q4 P-Q4 2 P-QB4 P-K3 3 N-QB3
N-KB3 4 P-K3 P-QB4 5 N-B3 N-B3
6 P-QR3 QPxP 7 BxP PxP 8 PxP
B-K2 9 0-0 0-0 10 B~K3 B-Q2 11 Q-Q3
R-B1 12 QR-B1 Q-R4 13 B-R2 KR-Q1
14 KR-K1 B-K1 15 B-N1 P-KN3 16
Q-K2 B-Bl 17 R/K1-Q1 B-N2 18
B-R2 N-K2 19 Q-Q2 Q-R3 20 B-N5
 Stentz Defends His Title 209

N-B4 21 P-KN4(97) 21...NxXQP! B-QB4? Q-B6 30 Q-K3 Q-O8+ 31

22 NxN P-K423N-Q5RxXR24QxXR K-R2 B-QB3 32 B-K7 B-K4+ 33
PxXN 25 RXP NXN 26 RXN RXR P-B4 BXBP+ 34 QXB Q-KR8+ 35
27 BXR Q-K7 28 P-R3 P-KR3 29 K-N3 Q-KN8+ 0-1

Stentz Defends His Title

Havana, 1889: Stentz — Chigorin: +10 -6 =1; New York, 1890-91:
Sternitz — Gunsberg +6 -4 =9; Havana, 1892: Steimtz — Chigorin +10 —-8
=a
There was no international chess organization, and therefore no
forum which could officially register Steinitz’s title, but there was no
one to deny it. However, wide circles of chess players were not happy
either with Steinitz’s game or with his personality. Zukertort was
dearer to the public, and his defeat was met with regret. And when
Steinitz began endorsing positional play, and began underrating
combination play, and even Morphy himself, a storm of bitterness
rose up against him. An aspirant was sought to pull Steinitz down
from the throne of chess. Public and secret gamblers also wanted a new
match.
The chess club in Havana took the initiative into its own hands. It
proposed to Steinitz that he play a match against an opponent of his
choosing. The champion’s choice fell on Chigorin precisely because he
had not fared well against him in tournaments. Thus, for instance, in
London, 1883, Steinitz lost both games to Chigorin. The champion
wished to wipe this slur from his title. He was convinced that he was
stronger than Chigorin, and wanted to prove it.
The champion and aspirant agreed to play according to the greater
number of points in 20 games. In the betting before the beginning of the
duel, $52,000 were placed on Steinitz, and only $900 on Chigorin. The
competition lasted from January 20 to February 24, 1889, in Havana.
The last three games were not played. Namely, after the 17th games
Steinitz already had a sure victory. ‘The match ended with Steinitz’s
victory by a score of 10-6 and one draw.

Steinitz—Chigorin
Havana, January 20—February 24 1889
1234567891011 12 13 14 15 16 17
Steinitz Ofdso} 1290 O-8 Bi Hear Moga Sgt. e445 10h
Chigorn LAG GLO"'L 180.08 Of NiO 4140-40 20, ¢ 6}
 210 World Champions and Their Challengers
Steinitz—Chigorin K-R2 44 B-B2 R-R3 45 R-QB1 R-QBI
Queen’s Gambit Declined
46 R3-QB3 N-K3 47 Q-R6 R-KNI 48
RxP NxBP 49 RxR+? PxR 50
Game 12 B-N3 R-N3 51 Q-B1 N-K3 52 Q-Q3
1 N-KB3 P-Q4 2 P-Q4 B-N5 3 P-B4 R-N5 53 P-KR3 Rx P 54 Q-R6 R-Q7?
N-QB3 4 P-K3 P-K3 5 N-B3 B-N5 55 B-K1! R-Q5 56 R-B6 R-K5 57
6 B-Q2 KN-K2 7 B-Q3 B-KB4 8 BxB RxXN RXxB+ 58 K-R2? R-QB8? 59
NxXB 9 PxXP? PxP 10 Q-N3 BxN R-KB6 Q-KN2 60 Q-K6 R-B8 61
11 BXB R-QNI1 12 0-0 0-0 13 QR-BI R-B7 1-0
R-K1 14 B-Q2 N3-K2 15 R-B2 P-QB3
16 RI-Bl N-N3? 17 B-K1 N3-R5?
18 NxN NXN 19 P-B3! N-B4 20 B-B2
Q-N4 21 R-K1 R-K3 22 P-K4! R1-KI1 i 4
23 R2-K2 N-Q3 24 P-K5(98) 24... & a
Q-Q1 25 K-B1 N-B5 26 QxP Q-N4
27 Q-N4 R-N3 28 B-N3 P-KR4 29
P-N3 N-N3 30 Q-Q2 Q-B4 31 Q-B2
Q-N4 32 Q-Q2 Q-B4 33 K-N1 N-BI1?
34 Q-B2 Q-Q2 35 B-R4 N-N3 36 Q-Q3 S\N WV
N-R1 37 P-B4 N-B2 38 B-B2? Q-N5
39 B-K3 P-KB4 40 R-KB2 R3-K3 41 Dog
Doe ne
an
Q-K2 Q-N3 42 R-B3 Q-B2 43 R-N3

Steinitz defended his title for the second time towards the end of 1890
and the beginning of 1891, when the English master Gunsberg ap-
peared as his rival. The organizer was the Manhattan Chess Club in
New York. Once again, the match was played for a majority of 20
games. Steinitz won 6-4 with 9 draws. The last game was not played,
as Steinitz already had 10% points.
Steinitz—Gunsberg
New York, December 9, 1890-—Fanua
1234 56 19
Steinitz 41400 $ 104
Gunsberg $0311 $ 84
Steinitz—Gunsberg @
Queen’s Gambit Accepted SS
SY EC
ELV
Game 7 S

1 P-Q4 P-Q4 2 P-QB4 Px P 3 N-KB3

N-KB3 4 P-K3 P-K3 5 Bx P B-N5+?
6 N-B3 0-0 7 0-0 P-QN3 8 N-K5 B-N2
9 Q-N3 BxXN? 10 PxXB B-Q4 11 BxB
PXB 12 B-R3 R-K1 13 P-QB4 P-B4
14 QR-B1 N-K5? 15 KR-Q1 BP xP 16
KPx P P-B3?(99) 17 Px PPxN 18 P-
Q6+K-R1 19 Q-Q5 Nx BP 20 R-Q2
 Steinitz Defends His Title 211

N-Q2 21RXNN-B322RXN!PXR23 QXQ26R-B8+ R-NI27RXQRXR

P-Q7 R-KNI 24 PxP R-N425QxR_ 28 P-K6 1-0
A race ensued between New York and Havana as to who would
organize the next match. The attempt of the chess club in Havana to
draw Dr Tarrasch to try his mettle against Steinitz did not succeed.
‘The Doctor from Nuremberg’ would most certainly have agreed, had
he not feared to take an ocean voyage.
As there was no other choice, the Cubans decided to hold a return
match between Steinitz and Chigorin. The same offer was made by the
chess club in St Petersburg (today’s Leningrad), but Steinitz decided in
favour of Havana, as the material conditions were better. The cham-
pion and aspirant agreed to continue the match until one of the con-
testants had scored ten victories. If a draw were to occur at the score of
9-9, an additional match would be played according to three wins.
The return match lasted from January 1 to February 28, 1892.
Steinitz won with a score of 10-8 and five draws. The match developed
along much the same lines as the first ones, Chigorin winning the first
game, and leading after the twelfth by two points (5-3 with 4 draws).
With his legendary perseverance, the champion evened the score,
and gained an advantage of one point. The final decision came in the
23rd game, in which Chigorin, in a better position, overlooked the
possibility of mate in two moves.

Steinitz—Chigorin
Havana, January I-February 28, 1892
123456789 1011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2021 22 23
Ree re st 0r Le loa Ob 0 leeds sled 12d
Chigertnl
et 400 1 BE ON 1 0.,0..10° 1,061600.4. 0) 0.103
Steinitz—Chigorin Q-R1+ K-N2 26 B-R6+ K-B3 27
BS fem Q-R4+ K-K4 28 QxN+ 1-0
100) F WIL TS
fee Ree ian QB33BN5 Fy rr Wak
N-B3 4 P03 P-Q3 5 P-B3 P-KN3 6 ak a PA i i
QN-Q2 B-N2 7 N-B1 0-0
8 B-R4 N-Q? CS PR 27)
9 N-K3 N-B4 10B-B2 N-K3? 11 P-KR4! Be Y Y), Yj
N-K2
i’ 12 P P-R5P-Q4
13RP xPBPxP 14 ayy fllWGyy fll ry Ay
PxP NXP 15NxNQXN 16 B-N3 Q- Y oe, Ls Vi
B3 17 Q-K2 B-Q2 18 B-K3 K-R1 19 0- YQzy WJ
0-0 QR-K1
-~ 20 - Q-B1 P-QR4? ? 21
21 P-Q4
P- te Uy Jyy Uy
EZBY
PxP 22 NxP BxN 23 RxB!(100) jj” SW SG
23... NxXR 24 RxXP+! KxR 25 ey TXSG a=t
 212 World Champions and Their Challengers

Excellent new players began appearing on the chess scene. A young

master of excellent abilities and great pretension appeared in Europe.
He crossed the Atlantic and came to the USA in order to vie with the
ageing Steinitz. This new aspirant was Emanuel Lasker.

Lasker — The Methuselah of Chess

New York, Philadelphia and Montreal, 1894: Dr Lasker-Steinitz +10 ~5
=4, return in Moscow, 1896-7: +-10 -2 =5.
From March 15 to May 26, 1894, a match was held in New York,
Philadelphia and Montreal (Canada) for the title between the 58-year-
old champion, Steinitz, and the 26-year-old challenger, Lasker. Victory
was to go to the first player to win ten games. After the sixth game, the
situation was a draw (each had two victories and two draws), after
which Lasker won five games running.

Steinitz—Lasker :
New York, Philadelphia and Montreal March 15-May 26, 1894
12345678910111 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19
Steinitz 0101%$400000%11001%30 7
Lasker 1010441111140011031 2
Lasker-Steinitz K-B2? 34 KR-NI PxB? 35 Q-R5+
Ruy Lopez K-K2 36 R-N8 K-Q3 37 RxP Q-K3
ears 38 RXR QxR/1 39 RXBP-++ K-B4 40
Q-R6 R-K2 41 Q-R2 Q-Q2 42 Q-N1 +
1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 B-N5 P-Q5 43 Q-N5+ Q-O4 44 R-B5 QxR
P-Q3 4 P-Q4 B-Q2 5 N-B3 KN-K2? 45 QxQ+ K-Q3 46 Q-B6+ 1-0
6 B-K3? N-N3 7 Q-Q2 B-K2? 8 0-0-0
P-QR3 9 B-K2 PxP 10 NxP NxN
11 QXxN! B-KB3 12 Q-Q2 B-B3 13
N-Q5 0-0 14 P-KN4? R-K1 15 P-N5
BXN 16 QxB? R-K4 17 Q-Q2 BxP
18 P-KB4 RxP! 19 PxB Q-K2 20
QR-B1 R XB 21 B-B4 N-R1 22 P-KR4
P-QB3 23 P-N6!?(101) 23... . P-Q4?
24 PxRP+ KxP 25 B-Q3-++ K-NI 26
P-R5 R-K1 27 P-R6 P-KN3 28 P-R7-+
K-N2 29 K-N1 Q-K4 30 P-R3 P-QB4
31 Q-B2 P-B5 32 Q-R4 P-B3 33 B-B5
Lasker defeated Steinitz 10-5 with 4 draws. With great ceremony, he
was proclaimed second World Champion in Montreal. A milling crowd
packed the street in front of the building where the match was played
 Lasker — The Methuselah of Chess 213

and where the proclamation ceremony was held. Joy prevailed every-
where because Steinitz had been pulled off the throne of chess. Scenes
from the match were put on the stage. Crowds of viewers tumultuously
applauded the new champion, who was seated in the box of honour.
When handing over the title to Lasker, Steinitz shouted ‘Bravo’ three
times. Nevertheless, he believed that the result was unrealistic, and
blamed the American public which to a man rooted against him. He
challenged Lasker to a new competition, selecting Moscow as neutral
ground.

Lasker-Steinitz
Moscow, November 7, 1896—Fanuary 14, 1897
Pied 15. Go tind pete (Ud ly Lalo ola LS 1G oly
Lasker PP EAL ARE hee ee ee lel 2 ee Ua kode laced oP ee
Steinitz 0000404440011 04 00 4%

The return match was played in Moscow from November 7, 1896 to

January 14, 1897. Lasker won an even more overwhelming victory,
this time with a score of 10-2 with 5 draws. This time the former
champion’s anger was not directed against the public, but against him-
self. Despairing at the mistakes he had made, he said with resignation:
“There are limitations to man’s mind, but not to his foolishness!’

Lasker-Steinitz 31... R-Q2 32 Q-K4 R-Q4 33 R-N2

P-B3 34 R-K2 Q-N5 35 P-K6 B-K2 36
Ruy Lopez
R-QB2 QxRP 37 RxP R-Q1 38
Game 10 RxP Q-K1 39 R-R7 P-R4 40 P-B5
1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 B-N5__ P-R5 41 Q-N¢4 1-0
P-OR3 4 BXN QPxB 5 N-B3 B-KN5
6 P-KR3 BxXN 7 QxB N-K2 8 P-Q3 , Y
P-QB4 9 Q-N3 N-N3 10 B-K3 B-Q3 Cig it
11 0-0-0 0-0? 12 P-KR4 N-B5 13 w
K-N1 N-K3 14 Q-N4 Q-K1 15 N-K2 |
N-Q5? 16 NxN KPXN 17 B-R6 B-K4 .
18 B-Bl! Q-K3 19 Q-K2 P-B4 20 ‘yp
P-KB4 B-Q3 21 P-K5 B-K2 22 P-R5
QR-Q1 23 P-KN4 P-QN4 24 QR-NI1
P-B5 25 R-N2 QBPxP 26 BPxP PxP
27 Rx P R-B4 28 RI-N1 B-Bl 29 R-N5
RxR 30 RxR R-Q4 31 Q-B3!(102)
 214 World Champions and Their Challengers

The Frutless Onslaught of Lasker’s Rivals

USA 1907: Lasker-Marshall +8 -0 =7; Dusseldorf and Munich, 1908:
Lasker—Tarrasch +8 -3 =5; Paris, 1909, Lasker—Fanowski +7 -1 =2;
Vienna and Berlin, 1910: Lasker-Schlechter +1 -1 =8; Paris, 1910:
Lasker—JFanowski +8 -0 =3.
Certain masters questioned Dr Lasker’s primacy, saying he had
defeated an already ageing Steinitz. In order somehow to break even
with Lasker, Dr Tarrasch invented for himself the new title of ‘“Grand-
master’, in which he quickly found followers. A struggle was fought at
the green table, and many years passed in the course of which Lasker
did not have to defend his title. The first challenger was the American
champion Marshall.

Lasker—Marshall
New York, Philadelphia, Memphis, Chicago and Baltimore
January 26—April 6, 1907
123456789 1011 12 13 14 15
Lasker 1113444144 4
Marshall 000444303 4 3

The match was held at the beginning of 1907. The competition was
distributed among five US cities: New York, Philadelphia, Memphis,
Chicago and Baltimore. The match was played according to eight
wins. Lasker won with a score of 8-0 and 7 draws.

Marshall-Lasker
Ruy Lopez
Game I

1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 B-N5

N-B3 4 P-Q4 Px P 5 0-0 B-K2 6 P-K5
N-K5 7 NxP 0-0 8 N-B5 P-Q4 9
BxN PxB 10 NxB+ QxN 11 R-K1
Q-R5 12 B-K3 P-B3 13 P-KB3 PxP!
14 PxN P-Q5 15 P-KN3 Q-B3 16
BxP PxB 17 R-B1 QxR+ 18QxQ
RxQ+ 19 KxR(103) 19... R-NI!
20 P-N3 R-N4! 21 P-B4 R-KR4 22
K-NI P-B4 23 N-Q2 K-B224R-KBI+ PxR 34 K-B2 P-B3 35 P-OR5 P-OR3
K-K2 25 P-QR3 R-R3 26 P-KR4 36 N-Bl KxKP 37 K-K] B-K7 38
R-R3 27 R-R1 B-N5 28 K-B2 K-K3 N-Q2+ K-K6 39 N-NI P-B4 40 N-Q2
29 P-R4 K-K4 30 K-N2 R-KB3 31 P-R4 41 N-Nl K-B6 42 N-B3 KxP
 The Fruitless Onslaught of Lasker’s Rivals 215
43 N—R4 P-B5 44 N x P P-B645 N-K4+ P-B5 P-N6 49 N-B4 K-N6 50 N-K3
K-B5 46 N-Q6 P-B4 47 P-N4 PxP 48 P-N7 0-1

Lasker-Tarrasch
Dusseldorf and Munich
August 17-September 30, 1908

Lasker
Tarasch

Lasker defended his title against Dr Tarrasch in Dusseldorf and

Munich in 1908. This time, too, the match was played according to
eight victories. Dr Lasker triumphed with a score of 8-3 and 5 draws.

Tarrasch-Lasker RxR QxR+ 33 K-N3 P-R6! 34

Ruy Lopez
P-K6? Q-K8+ 35 K-N4 QxKP+ 36
P-B5 Q-B5+ 37 N-Q4 P-R7 38 Q-Q1
Game 4 N-Q4 39 Q-R4 Nx P 40 Q-K8+K-R2
1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 B-N5 41 K-R5 P-R8=O 0-1
N-B3 4 0-0 P-Q3 5 P-Q4 B-Q2 6 N-B3
B-K2 7 R-Kl PxP 8 NxP NxN 9
QxN BxB 10 NxB 0-0 11 B-NS5? A
4,
PRR 127 H-R4 RK) 13. OR-Ol Zs
Ay
br A
YiggZ

N-Q2 14 BxB RxB 15 Q-B3 R-K4!

16 N-Q4 R-QB4!? 17 Q-ON3 N-N3
18 P-KB4 Q-B3 19 Q-KB3 R-Kl
20 P-B3 P-QR4 21 P-QN3 P-R5! 22
P-ON4? R-B5 23 P-N3 R-Q1 24 R-K3
P-B4 25 N-N5? PxP 26 RxP RXR
27 P-K5(104) 27... . RX KBP!! 28
NPxR Q-N3+ 29 K-RI Q-QN8+
30 K-N2 R-Q7+ 31 R-K2 QxP 32
A short match of 10 games was arranged in Paris in 1909 between Dr
Lasker and David Janowski. The largest number of won games would
decide the winner, and in case of a draw the champion would retain his
title. The prize money was 7,000 francs, and all expenses were paid by
a rich painter, a great admirer of Janowski’s game. Dr Lasker won the
match effortlessly, with a score of 7—1 and two draws.

Lasker—Janowski
Paris, October 19-November 9, 1909
Peer Moe Gerernets Ean Zt AB ee) pe 110
Lasker Sodberad ao Lynda? od rom 4 —" —" (ee)

Janowski PEO 0 Oper, Ouycteore Oy 205542

 216 World Champions and Their Challengers
Janowski-Lasker 27 R4-N2 R-B3! 28 B-Q3? P-KN4! 29
F Knights R-KRI P-N5! 30 B-K2 N-N4 31
a Ff BP xP P-B6 32 R-N3 PxB 0-1
Game 2 vy)
1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 N-B3
N-B3 4 B-N5 B-N5 5 0-0 0-0 6 P-Q3
P-Q3 7 B-N5 BxN 8 PxB N-K2
9 B-QB4 N-N3 10 N-R4 N-B5 11
Bx N/4 PxB 12 N-B3 B-N5 13 P-KR3
B-R4 14 R-N1 P-QN3 15 Q-Q2? BxN
16 PxB N-R4 17 K-R2 Q-B3 18 R-NI
QR-K1 19 P-Q4 K-R1 20 R-QN5
Q-R3 21 R5-N5 P-KB3 22 R5-N4
P-N3(105) 23 B-Q3 R-K2 24 P-B4?
N-N2 25 P-B3 N-K3 26 B-Bl P-KB4
At the beginning of 1910, the Lasker-Schlechter match of 10 games
was held in Vienna and Berlin. The greater number of games won
would decide the victor (except that Schlechter, in order to wrest the
title from Lasker, would have to win by a margin of two points) while in
case of a draw the champion would retain his title. Dr Lasker received
a fee of 1,000 marks for each game. The match ended in a tie, 1-1, with
8 draws.
Lasker-Schlechter
Vienna and Berlin
January 7—February 10, 1910
3
Lasker 4 4
Schlechter 4 $

Schlechter won the fifth game, and Lasker levelled the score only in
the tenth and then probably only because of Schlechter’s desperate
efforts to obtain the necessary two point margin to take the title. This
is the first case in championship history that a match ended in a tie.
Schlechter refused the offer of an extension on the grounds of fatigue
and ill health.

Schlechter—Lasker N-N5 9 P-K6! P-KB4 10 0-0 B-KN2

Sicilian
11 B-B4 Q-N3 12 B-QN3 B-OR3 13
N-R4 Q-O5 14 QxQ BxQ 15 P-B4
Game 7 0-0? 16 QR-Q1 B-B3 17 KR-K1 P-N4
] P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 P-Q4 18 BxQP?! PxB 19 RxP B-K4? 20
PxP 4 NxP N-B3 5 N-QB3 P-KN3 P-B5! KR-K1? 21 P-N3 B-B3 22 RxP
6 B-QB4 P-Q3? 7 NxXN PXN 8 P-K5 B-QN2 23 R-B7 B-K5! 24 N-B3 BxN
 The Fruitless Onslaught of Lasker’s Rivals 217
25 PxB N-K4 26 R-QI N-B6+ 27
K-Bl NxP+ 28 K-K1 N-B6+ 29
K-K2 N-K4 30 RI-Q7! P-B5! 31
R-KN7+ K-R1 32 RXNP B-Q6+
33 K-Ql PxP 34 PxP N-N3 35
R-Q5(106) 35... B-K5 36 R-Q6 B-B4
37 B-Q5 QR-NI 38 P-B6? N-B1 39
R-QN7 R/NI-Bl 40 P-K7 N-N3 41
B-B7 Rx KP 42 BxN B-N5-+ 43 K-B1
R-K8+ 44 K-N2 PxB 45 RxNP
B-B4 46 R-B6 B-K5 47 Rx P R-ON8-+ ] Wid’
48 K-R3 Bx P 49 R-KR6+ K-NI1 50 m/z
R-N6+ 4-4
Janowski came forward once more. They met in Paris towards the
end of 1910, the main backer once again being the French painter
Nardus who put up 5,000 francs. ‘The match was played according to
eight wins. Lasker won with a score of 8-0, with 3 draws.

Lasker—Janowski
Berlin,
November 8-December 8, 1910
iia Me Oe he WD Oe LOL che
Lasker lomtintere wid toads betocky oh end l 1 94
DiM. Janowski..0 » Hod e$4)6 0 Ovvgk 10 »: 0) oOeicnQ 0 14

Lasker—Janowski N3-N5 N-B4 14 R-B] NxB 15 PxXN

Queen’s Gambit Declined nes ig9 Bey eerie ai ees

Game 5 20 RXB PXR, 21. B-B3S ‘Q-K4. 22
1 P-Q4 P-Q4 2 P-QB4 P-K3 3 N-QB3 NxP+ K-B2 23 N7xXN PXN 24
P-QB4 4 BPxP KPxP 5 N-B3 B-K3 RXP+ K-NI 25 R-N6+ K-BI 26
6 P-K4 QPXP 7 Nx P N-QB3 8 B-K3. Q-QBI+ K-Q2 27 NxB PXN 28
PxP9NxXP Q-R4+ 10 N-QB3 0-O-O R-N7+ K-KI1 29 B-B6+ 1-0
11 P-QR3 N-R3 12 P-QN4 Q-K4 13

A new rival appeared across the Atlantic. He was a Cuban, José

Raul Capablanca, who won a sensational victory at the grandmasters’
tournament in San Sebastian, in 1911. Soon after the tournament,
negotiations for a match began. Conscious of the fact that this chal-
lenger was seriously threatening his primacy, Dr Lasker set difficult
financial and other conditions. He proposed that 30 games be played,
and that he retain his title even if he had one point less in the final score!
This meant that Capablanca would not become champion, even if he
218 World Champions and Their Challengers

defeated Lasker by a score of 154-144. The American and British press

sharply criticized Lasker and pointed out that his actions were not
‘fair’. The attacks on the champion petered out only when he won first
prize ahead of Capablanca in St Petersburg in 1914.

Six Years of Capablanca’s Reign

Havana, 1921: Capablanca—Lasker 4+-4 -0 =10
The outbreak of World War I interrupted negotiations on the
Lasker—Capablanca match, which were resumed upon the ending of
the war. Because of the inflation in Germany, Lasker lost all of his
property, and was in a poor financial situation. He could not resist
the excellent offer from Cuba. He was guaranteed $11,000 for expenses
and his fee. Dr Lasker signed a contract stating that the match would
consist of 24 games.
The match was held in Havana, beginning on March 15, and ending
on April 28, 1921. For the first time in the history of chess, a title match
was not brought to a normal close, as Dr Lasker capitulated after the
fourth defeat. Capablanca won with a score of 4—0, with 10 draws. The
Cuban player became the third World Champion.
Lasker—Capablanca
Havana, March 15—April 28, 1921
Lf 2e he tao 60057 589 210 eee ieee
Lasker + +¢+#4.40%4%4 44 0 0 4 34 O 5
Capablanca 4 4 4 4.144 4 4 «boo lt & $1 9

Lasker explained his premature capitulation by the assertion that he

could not endure the hot and humid climate of Cuba. He therefore did
not admit the reality of his defeat and loss of title.

Capablanca-Lasker y 7
Queen’s Gambit Declined
Game 5
1 P-Q4 P-Q4 2 N-KB3 N-KB3 3 P-B4
P-K3 4 B-N5 QN-Q2 5 P-K3 B-K2
6 N-B3 0-0 7 R-Bl P-QN3? 8 PxP
PxP 9 Q-R4 P-B4! 10 Q-B6 R-N1 11
N xP B-N2 12 NxB+ QxXN 13 Q-R4
R/N1-Bl 14 Q-R3 Q-K3 15 BxN
QxB 16 B-R6! BxN 17 BxR RxB
18 PxB QxBP 19 R-KNI1 R-K1 20
 Alekhine’s Epoch 219
Q-O3 P-N3 21 K-Bl R-K5 22 Q-Q1 Q-O8+ K-N2 36 Q-N5+ K-BI 37
Q-R6+ 23 R-N2 N-B3 24 K-NI PxP Q-08+ K-N2 38 Q-N5+ K-B1 39
25 R-B4!(107) 25... PxP26RxR P-N3 Q-Q3 40 Q-B4 Q-O8+ 41 Q-BI
NxR 27 Q-Q8+ K-N2 28 Q-Q4+ Q-Q2 42 RX RP NxP 43 Q-B3 Q-Q5
N-B3 29 Px P Q-K3 30 R-KB2 P-KN4 44 Q-R8+ K-K2 45 Q-N7+ K-BI?
31 P-KR4 PxP 32 QxRP N-N5 33 46 Q-N8+ 1-0
Q-N5+ K-Bl 34 R-B5 P-KR4 35

With the London Protocol of 1922, the new champion, Capablanca,

made the efforts of aspirants more difficult. ‘The prize fund itself had to
be guaranteed at $10,000. Thus purely chess qualifications were not
sufficient for the aspirant. He had to be capable of amassing financial
means. This is why Nimzowitsch and Rubinstein did not have an
opportunity to play in matches for the world championship.
Nevertheless, an aspirant appeared who was able to bring about the
match. He was Alexander Alexandrovich Alekhine. The Argentine
Chess Club in Buenos Aires put up the money.

Alekhine’s Epoch
Buenos Aires, 1927; Alekhine—Capablanca +-6 -—3 =25
After lengthy negotiations, the match between the champion, Capa-
blanca, and his challenger Alekhine was held in Buenos Aires from
September 16 to November 29, 1927. The match was played accord-
ing to six wins, and all the provisions of the London Protocol were met.
Before the meeting in Buenos Aires, Alekhine had not won a single
game against Capablanca. There was a prevalent conviction that the
challenger would suffer a heavy defeat. This made it all the more sur-
prising when Alekhine won the first game of the match, and this play-
ing Black. The idea of Capablanca’s invincibility collapsed overnight.
Then a turning point came. Capablanca won the third and seventh
games, thus leading in victories with a score of 2-1. At this stage,
Alekhine was suffering from an infection of the gums, and had to have
six teeth extracted.
Alekhine’s crisis passed as soon as the pain receded.
Capablanca—Alekhine
Buenos Aires, September 16-November 29, 1927
ay 3) 4 "6
Alekhine — La i=) top te to

1 4 1. 184
 220 World Champions and Their Challengers
B28) 45-6" 7 18-9 MOCM 18°94
@12 1521617
Capablanca O¢ 144414 440044443 4
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34
Ps ER Mas eae ER Fe Patpe Aer Ming BI Pha Ue a yb
The final result was 6-3 with 25 draws in favour °f the challenger.
Alekhine became the fourth champion of the world.
Capablanca—Alekhine R-K1 R-Q1 28 PxP PxP 29 P-R3
Queen’s Gambit Declined anae eg rikies SH NS OE-BosN
Game 21
1 P-Q4 P-Q4 2 P-QB4 P-K3 3 N-QB3
N-KB3 4 B-N5 QN-Q2 5 P-K3 B-K2
6 N-B3 0-0 7 R-Bl P-QR3 8 P-QR3
P-R3 9 B-R4 PxP 10 BxP P-QN4!
11 B-K2 B-N2 12 0-0 P-B4 13 PxP
Nx P 14 N-Q4 R-BI 15 P-QN4 N4-Q2
16 B-N3? N-N3 17 Q-N3 N/B3-Q4 18
B-B3 R-B5 19 N-K4 Q-Bl 20 RxR
NxXR 21 R-Bl Q-RI! 22 N-B3 R-Bl
23 NXN BXN 24 BxB QxB 25
P-QR4 B-B3 26 N-B3 B-N7!(108) 27

The Two-Year Reign of Dr Euwe

Germany and Holland, 1929: Alekhine-Bogoljubow +11 -5 =9; Germany,
1934: Alekhine—Boguljubow +8 -—3 =15; Holland, 1935: Dr Euwe-
Alekhine +9-8 =13; Holland, 1937 Alekhine-—Dr Euwe +10 —4 =11
There was no return match between Alekhine and Capablanca, as
the Cuban could not secure the conditions he himself had laid down in
the London Protocol. Alekhine was rigorous only towards him, while
he set easier conditions for other challengers. The first to come forward
was Bogoljubow, against whom the champion played two matches.
Alekhine—Bogoljubow
Germany and Holland, September 6—November 12, 1929
123456789 1011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2021 22 23 24 25
Alekhine 1440101141 1 a0el 42th le
Bogoljubow 0524101004)0 7 0 1 154 OO 1) OneRODrS

Alekhine’s first match with Bogoljubow was played in several

German and Dutch cities. There was not nearly as much public interest
in the match as for Alekhine’s meet with Capablanca. Alekhine’s first
match ended in his victory, 11-5 with 9 draws. Thirty games were to be
 The Two-Year Reign of Dr Euwe 221

played but the last five were dropped as Alekhine had already scored
154 points (including the necessary six wins), enough to win.
Bogoljubow-Alekhine 26 K-R1 N-N6+ 27 PXN PxP+ 28
Queen’s Indian
N-R3 BXN 29 PXB RXP+ 0-1
ZY

Game 8 Yj A S40 j
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-QN3 3 y 27 ae
N-QB3 B-N2 4 P-B3 P-Q4 5 PxP
NxP 6 P-K4 NxXN 7 PXN P-K3
8 B-QN5+? N-Q2 9 N-K2 B-K2 10
0-0 P-QR3 11 B-Q3 P-QB4 12 B-N2?
Q-B2 13 P-KB4? N-B3 14 N-N3 | 1, , tarb
P-KR4!(109) 15 Q-K2 P-R5 16 N-R1 yy, GQT
N-R4 17 Q-N4 0-0-0 18 QR-KI 2
K-N1 19 P-B5 P-K4 20 P-Q5 P-B5 21
B-B2 B-B4+ 22 N-B2 P-N3! 23 PxP Jf
QR-N1 24 B-B1 B-QBI 25 Q-B3 RxP

A return match was played in Germany in 1934. The same rules

prevailed as for the first meeting: 30 games with 154 points needed to
win. Alekhine won by 8-3 with 15 draws. This time the champion
needed an extra game to determine the outcome.

Alekhine—Bogoljubow
Germany, April I1—Fune 14, 1934
123456789 10.11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
Alekhine 4141344441014 4 3% 42121 4 4 4 «1400 1 4 ~~«+153
Bogoljubow 4040444401 04 44% 004 440412104 103

Alekhine—-Bogoljubow 33 R-B8+ K-B2 34 R-B7+ K-Q3 35

RXR KxP 36 R-N6+ K-K4 37
Ruy Lopez
K-N2 P-N4 38 P-R5 P-Q5 39 Rx QRP
Game 16 P-N5 40 K-B3 P-B6 41 Px P NP xP 42
1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 B-N5 R-K6+!KxR43KXN 1-0
P-QR3 4 B-R4 N-B3 5 BXN QPxB 7 © 7 fae 7)
6 N-B3 B-Q3 7 P-Q3 P-B4 8 P-KR3
B-K3 9 B-K3 P-R3 10 P-QR4 P-B5? B Y/
J TE #2ay
;
11 P-Q4 PxP
£15 N
12 Bx QP B-QN5 13 0-0
P-B3 14 P-K5 N-Q4 15 N-K4 N-B5
16 B-B5! BxB 17 QxQ+ RxQ 18
iy
a2 28 ®
LA. ON,
NxXB P-QN3! 19 N-N7! R-Q2 20
N-Q6+ K-K2 21 N-Q4 B-Q4 22
P-KN3! NxP+ 23 K-R2 N-N4 24
P-—B4 N-K5 25 N6-B5-++ K—-Q 26 N x NP
P-B3 27 QR-Q1! K-B1 28 N4-B5 Px P
29 PxP R-NI1 30 P-K6! (110) 30...
R2xN 31NXRRXN 32 RXB! PxXR
222 World Champions and Their Challengers

His two easy wins against Bogoljubow instilled the champion with a
feeling of security. In the autumn of 1935 he played a match against
Dr Euwe. The match was held in several Dutch towns. At the time, the
Dutchman was at the peak of his energy. Again the match was played
on the basis of 30 games.
After the ninth game the champion led with a three points advantage.
It looked as if Alekhine would retain the title. And then the unexpected
occurred. Dr Euwe scored three wins and three draws in the next
six games, thus levelling the score 74-74. Next, a new turn of the
tide in favour of Alekhine, who after the 19th game led 103-84. But
Euwe was persistent and brought the score to 14-12 after the 26th
game. The Dutch grandmaster needed three draws in the last four
games and he got them. All 30 games were played. Dr Euwe won by
a score of 9-8 with 13 draws (154-144) and became the fifth World
Champion.

Euwe—Alekhine R-N7+ 48 K-Q3 R-R7 49 RxP

; ; 4 R-R6+ 50 K-B4 BxP 51 B-Q5 BxP
Queen’s Gambit Declined 52 RxP-+ K-B2 53 R-OBG6+ K-NI
Game 8 54 R-KN6 B-B2 55 B-N7 K-R2 56
1 P-Q4 P-Q4 2 P-QB4 P-QB3 3 N-KB3 R-NS B-Q1 57 RxXxRP BxP 58 RxP
N-KB3 4 P-K3 P-K3 5 N-B3 P-QR3 K-N3 59 R-QN5+ K-B2 60 R-N3
6 P-B5 P-QN3 7 PxP QN-Q2 8 R-R4 61 K-Q4 B-B7+ 62 K-K4 K-Q3
N-QR4 NxP 9 B-Q2 NxXN? 10 QxN 63 R-Q3+ K-K3 64 B-B8+ K-K2 65
Q-N3 11 R-B1 B-Q2 12 N-K5 QxNP R-Q5 R-R5+ 66 K-B5 B-N6 67
13 NxXB NXN 14 B-Q3! R-QNI 15 R-Q7+ K-BI 68 P-R7 B-B7 69 B-R6
K-K2 R-N3 16 R-QN1 Q-R617QxQ
BxQ 18RxXRNxXR 19 R-QNI1 N-Q2
20 BXQRP K-K2 21 R-N3! B-Q3 22
B-N7 P—-QB4 23 P-OR4 B-N1 24 R-N5
B-R2 25 PX P NxP 26 B-N4 K-Q3 27
P-R5 K-B2 28 BXN BxB 29 BxP
K-Q3 30 B-N7 B-R2 31 P-R6 R-Q1 32
R-N2 R-Q2 33 R-Q2+ K-K2 34
R-B2 R-Q3 35 R-B7+ R-Q2 36 R-B2
R-Q3 37 P-B4 P-B4(/11) 38 R-B8
R-Q1 39 R-B7+ R-Q2 40 R-B3 R-Q3
41 R-B7+ R-Q2 42 R-B3 R-Q3 43
P-R4 P-N3 44 R-B2 P-R4 45 R-B3
R-N3 46 R-B7+ K-Q3 47 R-N7

According to an earlier agreement, in the case of a defeat Alekhine

had the right to a return match after two years. Their next match took
place in the Netherlands in 1937. This time Alekhine prepared himself
 The Chess Interregnum 223

well and, in addition, gave up smoking and drink. In the return match
Dr Euwe found an entirely new Alekhine before him.
Alekhine—-Euwe
Holland, October 3—December 15, 1935
at rotero O's GO 10 Tike Foleo 16-17 167 19"* 2002 te 22 23924" 25! 2627728
°29"30
A.1011441010 404 04 14 4 1004 4 400414 4 4 143
Ee Oels0cOce sO FOR) oF Pete) Pde 00d £..0 7,51 aid) to ye Oe 2d 154

Euwe-—Alekhine
Holland, October 5—December 16, 1937
1 23.4,5 6:7 8 9:10 11 12 13 14-15 16,17 18°19 20.2122 23 24.25
Euwe 1044100040 4 4°!1 04 4 14 ¢ €¢ 0 0 4 0 0 94
Alekhine 01440111431 4 34 01 4 404 4 421214 ~21~21 153

Still, Euwe began the second match in good form. After the fifth
game he had two wins, two draws and one defeat. And then suddenly
he collapsed. Alekhine scored three consecutive wins and took over the
lead, holding on to it until the very end. The matter was decided after
the 25th game. Alekhine won the match by a score of 10-4 with 11
draws.
Once again he became the World Champion.
Alekhine—Euwe

Nimzo-Indian

Game 10
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-K3 3 N-QB3
B-N5 4 Q-B2 P-Q4 5 PxP QxP 6
P-K3 P-B4 7 P-QR3 BxN+ 8 PxB
N-B3 9 N-B3 0-0 10 P-B4 Q-Q3 11
B-N2 PXP 12 PxXP P-QN3 13 B-Q3 Y
2
‘YG
B-N2 14 0-0 QR-B1 15 Q-K2 Q-B5 16 eXGY
QR-Q1 KR-K1? 17 P-R3? N-QR4 18
N-K5 B-K5! 19 KR-K1 BxB 20 Q xB
R/K1-Q1 21 B-Bl Q-R5? 22 Q-K2! PxP R-B7+ 32 K-B3 R7-B6+ 33
R-K1? 23 P-N4!!(112) 23... N-B3? B-K3 RxP 34 R-Q7 R-B5 35 K-B2
24 K-N2 Nx N 25 PxN N-R426 PXN R-B7+ 36 R-K2 R6-R7 37 RXR
RxP 27 Q-B3 R-KBI 28 P-R6 P-B4 RxR+ 38 K-B3 P-QR4 39 B-R6
29 Q-KN3 QxQ+ 30 PxQ RI-BI 31 R-B1 40 R-K7 1-0

The Chess Interregnum

After Alekhine’s return to the throne and Dr Euwe’s defeat, several
aspirants pressed their candidature for a title match with Alekhine. The
double-lap AVRO tournament of eight in the Netherlands, 1938, shed
 224 World Champions and Their Challengers

no greater light on who would be the future challenger. Keres and

Fine shared the winner’s place, ahead of Botvinnik; the world champion
shared fourth and fifth place with Reshevsky; Euwe was sixth, Capa-
blanca seventh and Flohr eighth. Several aspirants to the title showed
their mettle in these games in order to convince the chess public of the
validity of their aspirations. Some even held negotiations with Alekhine.
And then World War II broke out.
Alekhine’s death in Estoril, Portugal, on March 25, 1946 left the
world of chess without a title-holder. Just before his death, Alekhine
started negotiations with Botvinnik on a match and was to go to Lon-
don in connection with this. Nottingham was mentioned as the site at
which Alekhine would defend his title against Botvinnik.
The World Chess Federation, FIDE, decided to take advantage of
the interregnum after Alekhine’s death and organize a competition for
the world championship. No longer would the champion choose his
own challenger. From now on this right would go to the aspirant who
qualified through prescribed competitions. FIDE would handle the
organization of the title match as well as the financial side.
The decision was finally brought at the FIDE Congress in 1946, and
the next year the Congress worked out a draft plan. Now all that
remained was to determine who would defend the title.
It was decided at the FIDE Congress of 1947 to select a new cham-
pion through a four-round match tournament of six. Botvinnik, Keres
and Smyslov of the Soviet Union, Reshevsky and Fine of the United
States and Dr Euwe of the Netherlands were the six. Since Fine
backed out, a five-round match of five was held in the Hague and
Moscow in 1948 (2 April—-16 May).
Match- 1 2 3 4 5
Tourney, 1948
1 Botvinnik BEX EK #4144 Ee ie | +01 13134 14
2 Smyslov 44034 xxx XxX 004 414 14.0404 1]
3 Keres 00001 113404 rab ei $10 Wb. dak 104
4 Reshevsky 04100 $4044 130 nay te, ivere 7" 4 103
5 Euwe 04044 00100 0340 +40 Oo
Ore
oxX XK
&= XR KK 4

Dr Mikhail Botvinnik was declared the sixth World Champion. His

reign spanned 15 years with brief one-year breaks. Throughout that
time he played seven matches in defending his title, all in Moscow, as
both the champion and the challengers were always members of the
Soviet Grandmaster collective.
 Botoinnik’s Era 225

Botvinnik-Euwe R-Q2 30 Q-Q2 P-K4 31 PxB PxP 32

K-B2 K-B2 33 K-K3 K-K3 34 Q-N4
ig R-QB2 35 K-Q2 R-B3 36 P-OR4 1-0
Round 12 seAEiaaicll _
1 P-Q4 P-Q42.N-KB3 N-KB33P-B4 JJ] Y Yjf977, mm
P-K3 4 N-B3 P-B3 5 P-K3 QN-Q2 ByOLD Y, U7
6 B-Q3 PxP 7 BxBP P-QNé 8 B-Q3 W a,
P-QR3 9 P-K4 P-B4 10 P-K5 PxP 11 NeFm 2 < Y
NxNP PxN 12 PXN Q-N3 13 PXP Y EX
BxP 14 0-0 N-B4 15 B-KB4 B-N2 16 AL ey 7 *
R-K1 R-Q1 17 R-QB1 R-Q4 18 B-K5 L a wu y Mi, Wa
BxB? 19 RXB RXR20 NXR NxB? Y Y, yy,
21 QxN P-B3 22 Q-KN3!!(J13) LY Ye GY GY
22... PxN 23 Q-N7 R-BI 24 R-B7 an ¥Jy, te B ow
QxR 25 QxQ B-O4 26 QxKP P-Q6 7X /. P=
27 Q-K3 B-B5 28 P-QN3 R-B2 29 P-B3

Botvinnik’s Era

1951: Botvinnik-Bronstein +5 -—5 =14; 1954: Botvinnik-Smyslov +7 -7

=10 1957: Smyslov-Botvinnk +-6 -—3 =13; 1958: Botvinnik-Smyslov
+7-—-5 =I11; 1960: Tal—Botvinnk +6 -—2 =13; 1961: Botvinnik-Tal
+10-5 =6
According to FIDE regulations, the match for the championship
title consists of 24 games. In the case of a draw, 12-12, the champion
retains his title. Should one of the players score 124 points earlier on,
he wins the match. The remaining games are played only upon the
request of both players.
Botvinnik-Bronstein
Moscow, March 15-May 11, 1951
123456789
Botvinnik 444011444 0
Bronstein #4+441004%4
34 1

Botvinnik’s first challenger was David Bronstein (1951), the winner

of the Candidates Tournament a year earlier. The champion found
himself in almost as difficult a situation as Dr Lasker in 1910, and his
match against Schlechter, for after the 22nd game Bronstein led by one
point. In the last two games Botvinnik levelled the score and retained
his title. The final result was a tie, 5-5, with 14 draws. Undefeated,
Botvinnik again retained his title.
 226 World Champions and Their Challengers

Bronstein-Botvinnik P-N4 40 Q-K2 K-N2 41 Q-Q3? N-NI!

Slav 42 P-R4 Q-B5! 43 Q-KR3 QxNP! 44
PxP PxP 45 QxP Q-O6! 46 Q-B6+
Game 18 K-R2 47 Q-B7+ K-RI1 48 Q-B6+
1 P-Q4 P-Q4 2 P-QB4 P-QB3 3 K-R2 49 Bx PPxB 50 Q-B7+ K-RI
N-QB3 N-B3 4 N-B3 P-K3 5 P-K3 51 Q-K8+ K-N2 52 Q-K7-4 K-R1 53
P-QR3 6 B-Q3 P-QN4 7 P-QN3 Q-K8+ K-N2 54 Q-K7+ K-RI1 55
QN-Q2 8 0-0 B-N2 9 P-B5! B-K2 10 Q-B8+ K-R2 56 Q-B7+ K-RI
P-QR3 P-QR4 11 B-N2 0-0 12 Q-B2 57 QxB bits 58 K-R1 }-4
P-N3 13 P-QN4 PxP 14 PxP Q-B2?!
15 QR-K1! KR-K1 16 N-K2?! B-KBI
17 P-R3! B-N2 18 N-K5 N-BI1 19
wie IL ys
P-B3 N3-Q2 20 P-B4 P-B3 21 N-KB3
R-K2? 22 N-B3 P-B4 23 R-R1 R2-K1
24 N-K5 RxR 25 RxR R-RI1 26
Q-N1! Q-B1?(J/4) 27 BxNP!! NxN
28 BPxN B-KR3 29 B-QBI PxB 30
N x NP N-Q2 31 N-Q6 RXR 32QxR
Q-R1 33 Q-B3? B-KB1 34 P-N5 BxN
35 KPXB Q-R5 36 Q-N2 K-B2 37
K-R2 P-R3 38 P-K4!! P-B5 39 P-K5

Botvinnik—Smyslov
Moscow, March 16—May 1
sake
Botvinnik 114
Smyslov 004

In 1954, Botvinnik also tied in his match against Smyslov. The result
was 7-7, with 10 draws.

Botvinnik-Smyslov P-B3 30 PxP N-K5 31 P-B7+ RxP

Slav 32 Q-Q8+ K-R2 33 BxP N-B7+ 34
K-N2 Q-B3 35 QxQ RxQ 36 KxN
Game 12 Rx P+ 37 B-B3 R-B5 38 R-Né4 1-0
1 P-Q4 P-Q4 2 P-QB4 P-QB3 3 N-KB3
N-B3 4 N-B3 PxP 5 P-QR4 B-Bé4 6
P-K3 P-K3 7 BxP B-QN5 8 0-0
QN-Q2 9 N-R4 0-0 10 P-B3 B-N3 11
P-K4 P-K4 12 NxB RPxN 13 B-K3
Q-K2 14 Q-K2 PxP 15 BxQP B-B4
16 BXB QxB+ 17 K-RI P-KN¢4 18
P-KN3! QR-Q1 19 B-R2 KR-K1 20
QR-Q1 N-B1 21 RXR RXR 22 P-K5
N-Q4 23 NXN PXN 24 Q-Q2! N-K3
25 P-B4 Px P 26 Px P Q-B3? 27 P-B5
N-B4(115) 28 Q-N5! R-Q2?29R-KNI!
 Botvinnik’s Era 227

Smyslov again challenged Botvinnik in 1957 and this time he was

successful. Smyslov won the match 6-3 with 13 draws and became the
seventh World Champion in chess.
Botvinnik—Smyslov
Moscow, March 5—April 27, 1957
123456789
Botvinnik 0441104034
Smyslov 1$400141434

Botvinnik-Smyslov 32 P-N3 N-Q3 33 K-N2 P-R4! 34K-—R3

N-K5 35 P-N4 Px P+ 36 K x P P-B4+
Grinfeld
37 K-R3 B-B3 38 N-K1 K-N2 39 N-Q3
Game 17 N-B6! 40 NXN PxN 41 N-K1? K-R3
1 N-KB3 N-KB3 2 P-KN3 P-KN3 3 42 N-B2 B-K2 43 K-N3 K-R4 44 K-B3
P-B4 P-B3 4 B-N2 B-N2 5 N-B3 0-0 K xP 45 N-K1 P-N4 46 Px P KxP 47
6 P-Q4 P-Q4 7 PxP PxP 8 N-K5 N-B2 B-Q3 48 N-K1 K-R5 49 N-B2
P-N3 9 B-N5 B-N2 10 BxXN BxB 11 K-R6 50 N-R1 K-R7 51 K-B2 B-N6+
0-0 P-K3 12 P-B4 B-N2! 13 R-Bl 52 K-B3 B-R5! 53 N-B2 K-N8 54 K-K2
P-B3 14 N-B3 N-B3 15 P-K3 Q-Q2 16 K-N7 55 N-R1 B-K2 56 N-B2 K-N6
Q-K2 N-R4 17 P-KR4 N-B5 18 B-R3 57 N-KI B-Q1 58 N-B2 B-B3 59
N-Q3 19 K-R2 P-QR4 20 KR-KI1 P-R3 B-K2 60 P-N4? P-R5! 61 N-KI1
P-QN4 21 N-Q1 P-N5 22 N-B2 B-QR3 B-N4 62 N-B2 B-B3 63 K-Q3 K-B7
23 Q-Q1 KR-BI 24 RxR+ RXR 25 64 N-R1 B-Q1 65 N-B2 B-N4! 66 P-N5
B-Bl BxB 26 RxB Q-B3 27 N-Q3 B-Q1 67 N-N4 B-N3 68 N-B2 B-R4 69
Q-B7+ 28 QxQ RxQ+ 29 R-B2 N-N4 K-K8! 0-1
RxR+ 30 NxR N-B5 31 N-Q1] K-B2

The former world champion had the right to a return match with
his successful challenger a year later. Botvinnik took advantage of this
provision and called on Smyslov to defend his title. Botvinnik won by a
score of 7-5, with 11 draws, and once again wore the title crown.
Smyslov-Botvinnik
Moscow, March 4-May 9, 1958
123456789 1011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Smyslov 0004104344 10340144041 4 4 1 4 = 103
Bom |] POU Pa £10 1 fT TOg-92011000- Che g40) F 123
Botvinnik-Smyslov 14 Q-B2 NxP 15 KR-Q1 Q-Bl 16
NxN BxB 17 KxB RXN 18 R-Q5
English
Q-K3 19 RXR BxR 20 R-QI R-K1
Game 14 21 Q-K4 B-B3 22 QxQ RxQ 23 K-B3
1 P-QB4 N-KB3 2 N-QB3 P-Q4 3 PxP R-B3 24 R-QB1 B-Q5 25 P-K3 B-B4
NxP 4 P-KN3 P-KN3 5 B-N2 NxN 26 B-N2! P-B4 27 K-K2 K-B2 28
6 NP x N B-N2 7 R-N1 N—-Q2! 8 P-OB4 P-KR3 B-K2 29 P-QR4 P-KR4 30
0-0 9 N-B3 R-N1 10 0-0 P-N3 11 P-Q4 K-Q3 P-R5 31 P-N4 R-B4 32 B-B3
P-K4 12 B-QR3 R-K1 13 PxP B-N2 R-B3? 33 R-KNI R-Q3-+ 34 K-B2
 228 World Champions and Their Challengers
B-B3 35 PXxP PxP 36 BXB KxB 37 K-N7 66 R-QB6 R-N7+ 67 R-QN6
R-N8 R-B3 38 K-B3 P-R3!(/16) 39 R-QB7 68 P-B4 1-0
R-KR8 K-N4 40 R-KN8+ K-B3 41
R-KR8 K-N4 42 K-Q4 R-B4 43 R-R7! 116 7}
K-N3? 44 R-Q7 K-B3 45 R-O5
R-B3 46 K-B3 R-K3 47 R-Q4! K-N4
48 R-Q7 R-QB3 49 K-N4 K-B3
50 R-Q4 K-N4 51 R-Q8! R-K3 52 \
R-QB8! P-B5 53 PxP+ KxP 54
R xP K-B6 55 R-KR7! R-K5 56 R-R6
P-N4? 57 RPxP PxP 58 R-KB6+
K-N7 59 Kx P R-K7? 60 P-B5 R-N7-+4+
61 K-R6 R-R7+ 62 K-N7 R-N7-+ 63
R-ON6 R-B7 64 P-B6 KX RP 65 P-B7
ee
Y Y YY GY

Botvinnik played a total of three matches with Smyslov. After their

third duel he sighed: ‘I feel as if I have been fighting against Smyslov
all my life!’ But soon Mikhail Tal appeared as his new challenger. In
their 1960 match, Tal overpowered Botvinnik by a score of 6-2 with
13 draws and became the eighth World Champion.

Botvinnik-Tal
Moscow, March 15—-May 7, 1960
123456789 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Botvinnik 04434001134 04 44344 04 03 3° «8
Tal PEsteL TOO ss tot tt 2 ee eee

Botvinnik-Tal B-B3 34 Rx P Bx P 35 R-QB7 BxP 36

King’s Indian
RXQRP B-B5 37 R-R8+ K-B2 38
R-R7+ K-K3 39 R-R3 P-O4 40 K-B2
Game 6 B-R5+ 41 K-N2 K-Q3 42 N-N3 BxN
1 P-QB4 N-KB3 2 N-KB3 P-KN3 3 43 BXB PxB 44 KxB K-Q4 45 R-R7
P-KN3 B-N2 4 B-N2 0-0 5 P-Q4 P-Q3 P-B6 46 R-QB7 K-Q5 47 R-Q7+ 0-1

aaa wen
6 N-B3 QN-Q2 7 0-0 P-K4 8 P-K4
P-B3 9 P-KR3 Q-N3 10 P-Q5 PxP
11 BP x P N-B4 12 N-K1 B-Q2 13 N-Q3
NXN 14QXNQR-BI 15 R-NI? N-R4
16 B-K3 Q-N5 17 Q-K2 R-B5 18
am wt
KR-B1 RI-B1 19 K-R2 P-B4! 20 PxP
BxP 21 R-QR1?(117) 21... N-B5?!
22 PxN PxP 23 B-Q2 QxP? 24
QR-N1 P-B6 25 R x Q? PxQ 26 R-N3
R-Q5! 27 B-K1 B-K4+ 28 K-N1 B-B5
29 NxP RxR 30 NxR/4 RXB+ 31
B-Bl B-K5 32 N-K2 B-K4 33 P-B4
 The Champion from the Caucasus 229

Although the 1958 FIDE Congress annulled the former champion’s

right to a return match, this cycle of competitions still observed the
earlier ruling. In 1961 the ex-champion invited the new champion to a
return match. Botvinnik triumphed by a score of 10-5 with 6 draws,
and for the third time in his career became World Champion.

Tal-Botvinnik
Moscow, March 15-May 12, 1961
12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Tal 010434401000 1.04 034 10.140 +=~8
Botvinnik LO cates 140, 2° L 1 Ok tee doe OF FeO ca I 2t3

Botvinnik-Tal K-N2 28 RI-R1 R-QBI 29 R8-R7-+-

Niiied-Indinn K-N3 30 BX N P-N5 31 B-Q6 Px P 32
B-B5+ K-N4 33 R1I-R4 1-0
Game 7 .
1 P-QB4 N-KB3 2 N-QB3 P-K3 3 P-Q4
B-NS 4 P-QR3 BxN-+ 5 PxB P-QN3
6 P-B3 B-R3 7 P-K4 P-Q4 8 BPxP
BxB9KxB PxP 10 B-N5 P-KR3 11
Q-R4+ P-B3 12 B-R4! PxP 13 R-K1
P-KN4 14 B-B2 Q-K2 15 N-K2 P-N4
16 Q-B2 QxP 17 P-R4NPxP18BxP
QN-Q2 19 N-N3 0-0-0 20 N x PKR-K1
21 K-B2!(118) 21... NxN+ 22 PxXN
P-B3 23 R-R1 Q-K2 24RxPQxP 25
QxQRxQ 26 R-R8+ N-NI1 27 B-N3

Tal’s reign, like Smyslov’s before, lasted only one year. They were
jokingly given the epithet of ‘winter chess kings’. Their arrival at
the peak of Mount Olympus was only an intermission in Botvinnik’s
reign.

The Champion from the Caucasus

1963: Petrosian—Botvinnk +5 -—2 =15; 1966: Petrosian—Spassky +4 -3
a l/,
Botvinnik succeeded in repelling challengers Bronstein, Smyslov and
Tal, but his meeting with his fourth challenger Tigran Petrosian was
the downfall of Mikhail I’s supremacy. In their 1963 match, Petrosian
overpowered him 5~2 with 15 draws. Petrosian was the ninth person to
gain the title.
 230 World Champions and Their Challengers
Botvinnik—Petrosian
Moscow, March 23~May 20, 1963
123456789
Botvinnik 14344030343
Petrosian 0444141443

Botvinnik—Petrosian 44 R-B1? B-N3 45 K-K1 N-BI! 46

Queen’s Gambit Declined R2-B2 R-KB2 47 K-Q2 N-Q3 48
N-B5+ BxN 49 KPxB P-B5! 50
Game 18 R-QNI P-N4 51 P-N4 P-B6+! 52
1 P-Q4 P-Q4 2 P-QB4 P-K3 3 N-QB3 KxP R-B2+ 53 K-Q2 N4-B5+ 54
B-K2 4 PxP PxP 5 B-B4 P-QB3 6 K-Q1 N-R6 55 R-N2 N3-B5 56 R-R2
P-K3 B-~KB4 7 P-KN4 B-K3 8 P-KR3 RPxP 57 PXxP NxP 58 R-R6 N-B6+
N-B3 9 N-B3 QN-Q2 10 B-Q3 N-N3 11 59 K-Bl NxP 60 B-R4 RI-QBI! 6]
Q-B2 N-B5 12 K-Bl N-Q3 13 N-Q2 N-K1 N-B5 0-1
Q-Bl 14 K-N2 N-Q2 15 P-B3 P-KN3
16 QR-QBI N-N3 17 P-N3 Q-Q2 18
N-K2? N/Q3-B1 19 P-QR4 P-QR4 20 W jj
B-N3 B-Q3 21 N-KB4 N-K2 22 N-Bl =
P-R4 23 B-K2 P-R5 24 B-R2 P-N4 25
N-Q3 Q-B2 26 Q-Q2 N-Q2 27 B-N1 g A
N-KN@ 28 B-R2 N-K2 29 B-Ql P-N3 yy
30 K-Nl P-B3 31 P-K4! BxB+ 32 at by
QxBQxQ+ 33RxXQR-Ql 34 K-B2 Yan
K-B2 35 K-K3 KR-K1 36 R-Q2 K-N2 Vite
37 K-B2 Px P 38 Px P N-KBI 39 N-K1 “it

N1-N3 40 N-N2 R-Q2 41 B-B2 B-B2! 42

N1-K3? P-QB4! 43 P-Q5 N-K4(119)

At the end of the last century, Lasker’s rivals questioned the validity
of his title for he had won it from the ‘ageing Steinitz’. Now his rivals
attempted to detract from the importance of Petrosian’s victory, given
the fact that he had defeated a man who was 18 years his senior and
whose force was waning. The modest results scored by the new champion
at given tournaments gave root to rumours that he was of no special
mettle, but only one of several of the best Grandmasters of the day. In
his first defending title match Petrosian convinced the world of chess to
the contrary.

Petrosian-Spassky
Moscow, April 9~Fune 9, 1966
123456789
1011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18:19 20 21 22 23 24
Petrosian te eet e1b1 1 ¢ 408 ¢ 440145 104 123
Spassky PFEPEEO STONE 21 FEE 4 1 OUP Ole ea

Boris Spassky appeared as his challenger in 1966. Petrosian won the

 Spassky on the Chess Throne 231

match by a score of 4—3 with 17 draws, extending his reign for another
three years.
Petrosian-Spassky
King’s Indian
Game 10
1 N-KB3 N-KB3 2 P-KN3 P-KN3
3 P-B4 B-N2 4 B-N2 0-0 5 0-0 N-B3
6 N-B3 P-Q3 7 P-Q4 P-QR3 8 P-Q5
N-QR4 9 N-Q2 P-B4 10 Q-B2 P-K4
11 P-N3 N-N5 12 P-K4 P-B4 13 PxP GS
Y

PxP 14 N-Q1 P-Né4 15 P-B3 P-K5 16

B-N2 KPxP 17BxP BxB 18 QxBN- YU 2D
K4 19 B-K2 P-B5! 20 NPx P B-R6? 21 Ld 7a
N-K3! BxR 22 RXB N-N3 23 B-N4! Q-N4+ 28 K-R1 RI-R2 29 BxR+
NxP?(120) 24 RxN!! RxR 25 B- RXB 30 Q-R8+! 1-0
K6+ R-B2 26 N-K4 Q-R5 27 Nx QP

Spassky on the Chess Throne

1969: Spassky—Petrosian +-6 -4 =13
Once again Spassky traversed the thorny road of the strenuous can-
didates matches on his way to this match. In the 1969 match, Spassky
defeated Petrosian by a score of 6—4 with 13 draws (123-104) and be-
came the tenth World Champion in the history of chess.

Petrosian-Spassky
Moscow, April 14—Fune 17, 1969
123456789
Petrosian 1443004203
Spassky OFF 11313

Spassky’s drive tipped the scales in an otherwise even struggle.

Petrosian’s filigree-like technique succumbed to the new champion’s
superb ability to force a decision in complex combinations. In the
opinion of Grandmaster Suetin, Spassky’s main weapon is tactics.
Spassky was the first champion in the post-war period to defend his
title against someone other than a Soviet player.

Spassky-Petrosian PxP 4NxP N-KB3 5 N-QB3 P-QR3

Sicilian 6 B-KN5 QN-Q2 7 B-QB4 Q-R4 8
Q-Q2 P-R3 9 BXN NxB 10 0-0-0!
Game 19 P-K3 11 KR-K1 B-K2 12 P-B4 0-0 13
1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 P-Q3 3 P-Q4 B-N3 R-K1 14 K-NI1 B-BI1 15 P-N4!
 232 World Champions and Their Challengers

NxNP 16 Q-N2 N-B3 17 R-NIB-Q2.—s_ 12

18 P-B5 K-R1? 19 R/QI-KB1 Q-QI? BL
20 PxP PxP 21 P-K5!(12/) 21...
P x P 22 N-K4 N-R4 23 Q-N6 PxN 24
N-N5! 1-0

Fischer Wins in the ‘Match Of The Century’

Reykjavik, 1972: Fischer-Spassky +-7 -3 =11
The match between Spassky and Fischer was exceptional in many
ways. For the first time, after a quarter of a century of uninterrupted
domination by Soviet grandmasters, a player from another country
succeeded in fighting for the world crown. This was the first time that
an American chess player had a chance of becoming the official World
Champion. The famous American chess player Paul Morphy stood out
in the last century: in 1858 he beat a triumphant path through
Europe, defeating all the strong players of the day. He is acclaimed the
best chess player of his time and the most brilliant player of all times,
but he was never the official World Champion, for this title was intro-
duced only after Morphy’s death.
America has had some great chessplayers. Between 1931 and 1937,
the American team scored four consecutive victories at the chess Olym-
piads. But it never boasted an official World Champion. Three world
champions (Steinitz, Lasker and Capablanca) died in the United
States, but they came from other meridians.
The match in Iceland was also distinguished by the outstanding
personalities of Spassky and Fischer, two of the truly strongest players
in modern-day chess. In the matches he played on the road to the
world crown, Spassky overpowered the most eminent Grandmasters —
Keres, Tal, Larsen, Geller, Korchnoi, and in 1969 the World Champion
himself, Petrosian. Fischer is, in his own right, an exceptional pheno-
menon in the history of chess. He became a Grandmaster at the age of
15, an absolutely unprecedented occurrence. He set several records, |
especially since 1970, which have fascinated the world. In one breath,
 Fischer Wins 233

without making a false step, Fischer made his triumphant march

through the candidates matches, inflicting dreadful defeats on Tai-
manov, Larsen and Petrosian. His results of 6—0 against both Taimanov
and Larsen will go down in the annals of chess competition as unbeliev-
able feats.
Hence, both Spassky and Fischer added their personalities to make
this a very special duel. Spassky — rational, cold, capable of adapting to
any situation on the chess board. And Fischer — a chess fanatic, an un-
yielding fighter, completely devoted to chess, ‘a combination of man
and machine’, full of unrestrainable ambition to achieve his ‘historical
mission’.
The Spassky—Fischer match was also unprecedented in terms of
unheard-of dramatic clashes which plagued it right from the start. It
astounded the world with its tremendous publicity, unknown to chess,
and brought this noble game to the front pages of the world’s leading
papers. In addition, the fantastic prize money of $250,000 exceeded
the sum total of awards presented for all the previous 27 title matches
held since 1886. Needless to say, another influencing factor on the
importance of the match was the fact that the main protagonists were
from the Soviet Union and the United States, thus sharpening the blade
of chess rivalry between two different parts of the world, between two
great powers.

The Turbulent Background

Clashes over the match date back to September 1971, when the FIDE
Congress in Vancouver discussed the Petrosian—Fischer match. The
Executive Director of the American Chess Federation, Mr Ed Edmond-
son offered the Soviet delegate a ‘package arrangement’ for both
matches, i.e. for the Petrosian—Fischer match and for the Fischer—
Spassky match (if Fischer defeated Petrosian). Mr Edmondson pro-
posed that one match be held in Europe and the other on the American
continent. However, Soviet delegate Rodionov was not prepared to
bargain, for he felt that it was awkward to assume in advance that
Petrosian would lose the match. A throw of the dice at the FIDE
Congress decided that Fischer and Petrosian would play in Buenos
Aires (the other candidate was Athens). American delegate Cramer was
so delighted with the result that he suggested that in future all disagree-
ments be resolved by a throw of the dice. ...
But things did not evolve quite so simply in determining the site of
 234 World Champions and Their Challengers

the Spassky—Fischer match. When all of the offers received were opened
on January 3, 1972 in Amsterdam, it appeared that 13 towns from 11
countries had offered prize money to the value of over a million dollars.
In addition to the high prize money offered, the organizers proffered
conditions corresponding to the significance of the match, conditions
previously unknown in the organization of the greatest chess events.
The difference in the ‘tastes’ of the two rivals could be seen in their list
of preferences, which both Fischer and Spassky submitted to the
President of FIDE at the end of January, 1972. They were to meet in
Amsterdam, but Spassky did not turn up. In a dilemma over what to
decide between two unyielding camps, the President of FIDE, Dr
Euwe, opted to have the match played in two cities; the first half in
Belgrade (from June 25) and the second half in Reykjavik. This clever
solution, as a compromise between Fischer’s choice (Belgrade) and
Spassky’s desire to play in Reykjavik, a town with a similar climate to
that of his native Leningrad, did not completely satisfy either party,
but, at least in part, it took into consideration the wishes of both
sides,
At the FIDE headquarters in Amsterdam, an agreement was con-
cluded on March 20, which will later be the cause of many disputes.
Three days after the signing of the protocol, which was signed by
Edmondson on behalf of the American Chess Federation and Fischer,
and by Grandmaster Geller, on behalf of Spassky, a telegram from
Fischer arrived in Reykjavik, Belgrade and Amsterdam, stating that
Edmondson had not been authorized to sign an agreement with such
financial conditions and asking for ‘an essential improvement in the
financial conditions’. Fischer also stressed that he did ‘not feel bound by
the agreement in Amsterdam’. The organizers in Belgrade and Reyk-
javik replied that ‘any changes in the financial agreement of Amsterdam
are out of the question’.
Within a brief period of time, problems gave way to more problems
at a dizzy rate. The President of FIDE, Dr Euwe, sent telegrams, ulti-
matums, etc. from Australia where he was on a trip. After receiving a
curt telegram from Fischer: ‘Your financial offer is out of question and
I not play Spassky in Belgrade’, the organizers in Belgrade (Chess
Informant and the Yugoslav Export Credit Bank) dropped their offer.
Consequently, Dr Euwe decided to have the match played in Reyk-
javik. After numerous telegrams and ultimatums, Fischer finally agreed
to play, but ‘under protest’. Although nothing broke out on the surface,
the dispute continued between Fischer and the Icelandic organizers.
 Fischer Wins 235

The American Grandmaster asked that the participants in the match

be given a certain percentage of the ticket sales. This was turned down
in Iceland. Through FIDE they insisted that Fischer sign the Amster-
dam agreement, but Fischer persistently refused, asking for new negoti-
ations and an agreement between the interested parties. It was little
known that at the beginning of June 1972, not even a month before the
match was due to begin, the president of FIDE sent Fischer an ulti-
matum and set a deadline for accepting the Amsterdam agreement.
Otherwise, Fischer would be disqualified. Fischer, however, never
answered that ultimatum. ...
The agony continued until the very day of the official opening of the
match, July Ist. Fischer called for a discussion of not only the financial
conditions but certain other elements as well (he opposed the idea of
the referee being one of the Grandmasters etc.).

Waiting for Fischer

The gala opening of the match in the National Theatre in Reykjavik,
in the presence of ministers, ambassadors, FIDE officials and the
organizers, as well as the Soviet delegation led by Spassky, took place
on July Ist, while Fischer remained on the other side of the Atlantic.
The long-awaited and much-desired match was due to begin the next
day. Everyone agreed that this should be the ‘match of the century’,
but that is where their agreement ended.
Placed in a delicate position, with Fischer still absent from the match
by July 2, Dr Euwe made a crucial decision to postpone the match for
two days and give Fischer a chance to reconsider. Dr Euwe said that he
received a statement from the Soviet delegation that they ‘neither
approve nor oppose such a decision’. There was little likelihood that
Fischer would reconsider. In the meantime, like a ‘miracle’, English
banker Jim Slater offered to put up another £50,000 to add to the prize
fund. Suddenly, all the problems over the money disappeared. There
was a great turning-point, due to the efforts of either Slater or Henry
Kissinger, and the American Grandmaster unexpectedly arrived in
Reykjavik on July 4.
But the problems were not over. Spassky was upset and offended by
his challenger’s behaviour. He had not arrived for the match on time,
he did not attend the opening of the match, he did not even personally
attend the meeting at which they were to draw the colours they were to
play for the first game. Spassky asked for an apology for such conduct
236 World Champions and Their Challengers

and for all the insults, and only then could there be any discussion of
holding the match. Spassky could have easily left Reykjavik when his
opponent failed to appear at the appointed time on July 2, admitted
Dr Euwe, Spassky had the right. But Spassky had been living for this
great match, for months he had been preparing for the important event.
He believed in his victory.
In a letter of highly measured tones, the strains of which differed
from the numerous clashes which followed all of the preparations for
the great duel, Bobby Fischer apologized to Spassky. And so one of the
conditions set by the Soviet delegation was fulfilled. Dr Euwe was also
willing to admit that in postponing the match, he had violated FIDE
regulations and he promised that this would not be the case in the
future. At the same time he condemned Fischer’s earlier conduct.
Finally, on July 6, lots were drawn and the first game was scheduled
for July 11, nine days after the original date foreseen by the pro-
gramme. ‘There was still the unsettled matter of the demand of the
Soviet Chess Federation that Fischer lose the first game by forfeit. The
question arose as to ‘whether the match would begin with the first or the
second game’? But as the champion, Spassky did not want to begin the
match with an advantage.

New Problems
After nine turbulent days which shook the world of chess, the first
game evolved unusually peacefully until the 29th move. That is when
Fischer took a pawn with his bishop, amove which many Grandmasters
concluded to be the greatest slip of his career. Spassky, who in the games
prior to this match, led Fischer 3-0 with two draws, wins in the resumed
game and happily starts out in the greatest match of his career.
New polemics arose prior to the second game of the match, this time
only indirectly connected with money. An agreement had been con-
cluded between the organizers and the firm of Chester Fox on filming
the match. Fischer had also given his okay, after having been assured
by experts, he says, that technology had advanced so much that filming
was possible without his either noticing it or it disturbing him. However,
already during the first game, he noted in the hall that ‘technology has
not advanced so much’, that two ‘monstrous towers’ for cameras were
set up near the stage, that behind the cameras are people who distract
the attention of the players from the chess board. Fox claimed that he
personally concluded the arrangement with Fischer according to which
 Fischer Wins 237

he would give a certain percentage of the profits to Fischer. Fischer

firmly demanded that the cameras be removed from the tournament
auditorium as they disturbed play and concentration. He threatened to
boycott the second game. And as it turned out, not a single move was
made in that famous game. This was probably the most dramatic
episode of the match. Fischer did not show up in the tournament hall.
While the chess clock ticked away the inevitable minutes, the organizers
and officials tried to make a last-ditch effort to save the match from
disaster and financial catastrophe.
_ It was all in vain, for in the end there was no compromise which
could turn back the clock. Referee Lothar Schmid had to announce
that, according to the rules, Fischer had lost the game because he had
not appeared one hour after the game began. About a thousand people
left the auditorium, having paid five dollars a ticket, without seeing a
single move. The opening and ending positions of the game on the
board remained identical.
Many judged this to be Fischer’s chess suicide.
‘Chess is my profession and my art’, says Fischer. In a letter to the
Organizational Committee he stressed that he was occasionally pre-
pared to reach a compromise with the organizers of various tourna-
ments on the financial conditions, but ‘I have always been strict with
respect to playing conditions, conditions which permit the finest of
Grandmaster chess.’
As no compromise was reached with regard to the cameras and as
Fischer had already reserved a seat on a New York-bound plane, it
looked as if there would be nothing of the third game nor the entire
match. And then Referee Schmid, in an effort to fulfil Fischer’s request,
made another attempt to rescue the match. With Spassky’s prior
acquiescence, he decided to hold the third game in a small room (a
room for table-tennis), without an audience. What happened next
seemed incredible, shocking. About a thousand people in the hall
rushed to the empty stage, watching the screen which showed the posi-
tion, but no one other than the referee knew what was going on behind
the scene. It looked like a secret meeting of cardinals electing the Pope,
wrote a British journalist of the scene. Fischer won the game.
The match continued to receive one shock after another until the
very end, until the last move. Nervousness and tenseness were con-
stantly present. At Spassky’s request, the next game was played before
an audience, on the stage. In later games there were arguments over
the cameras, over the noise in the hall. Referee Schmid received many
238 World Champions and Their Challengers

complaints from Fischer and his representatives. The 17th game was
preceded by a surprise from the Soviet delegation, when Grandmaster
Geller called for the investigation of certain suspicions that some ‘non-
chess elements’ (chemical substances and electronics) were affecting
Spassky’s game. The suspicion seemed rather unusual and odd, but the
organizers tried to check it out. This was diverting material for the
journalists who now had an opportunity of changing the themes of their
repertoire. There was lively commentary as to whether the commission
would come to the fantastic revelation that Fischer’s strength was in his
chair and not in his head. The chair was the most suspicious part of the
inventory for it had been especially delivered to Fischer from New
York.

Fischer Wins
There will be as much written about the problems entailed in the match
as about the match itself. The match was settled in the first half.
Fischer’s second, Lombardy, stated after the second game, when
Spassky led 2-0, that he still believed that Bobby could win the match.
And that is what happened. In the third game, Fischer used a novelty
on the 11th move and 12 years after their first meeting, he scored his
first victory over Spassky. In the fourth game Spassky revealed the
weapons he had prepared against Fischer’s traditional repertoire. But
he let victory slip through his fingers and the game ended in a draw.
Fischer had now evened out the score. In the sixth game he offers a
surprise by using a new repertoire, the Queen’s Gambit. No one had
expected him to give up his favourite move, 1 P—K4. By the end of the
tenth game, Fischer led 64-34. Many believe that the dramatic 13th
game was crucial for the further development of the match.
Spassky made such oversights that it was difficult to recognize him.
But the difference in points was too large. Many concluded that the
match was lost for Spassky after the 14th game. It is interesting to
note, however, that Spassky himself said after the match that he
realized that it was lost only in the 21st game (after the 29th move),
when he saw that he had no chance of winning that game.
Spassky gave up the adjourned 21st game without resumption,
informing the referee by telephone that he would not come to resume
the game. FIDE President Dr Euwe, Referee Schmid and several FIDE
officials met to discuss whether or not Fischer should come to the hall at
the time scheduled for resuming the game. Fischer, like the entire
 Fischer Wins 239

American camp, received the news suspiciously, in disbelief. He con-

tinued to analyse the adjourned position, for nothing was official as yet.
Fischer’s representative Cramer wrote a final protest note over the
cameras. At 2.30 in the afternoon, Fischer appeared in the hall.
Referee Schmid announced that Spassky had given up the game. This
marked the beginning of Fischer’s era as the 11th World Champion in
the history of chess, and the fulfilment of his dream and life ambition.
Fischer bowed almost imperceptibly to the applause from the audience,
and then, with quick and long strides, left the stage, just as he did after
the previous 20 games. But this time he left as the new World Champion.

Fischer-Spassky

Reykjavik Fuly 11-September 3, 1972

123456789 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Fischer 0011141431 04 14 4 44 4 4 «$4 «1~«124
Spassky 110400404041 404 44 444 4 «0 ~— 483

“Was this match the unique event people said it would be?’, asked
the commentator of the British Chess Magazine, answering in the
affirmative. ‘Even if you discount all the extraneous factors that made
the match front-page news for over two months, you will be left with a
marvellous contest, outstanding in several ways’, writes the British
monthly, among other things.
Many commentators called the match an event of historic import-
ance, bearing in mind, above all, the publicity it received and the
stimulus it gave to spreading the game of chess. As for the games them-
selves, various opinions could be heard. Former World Champion
Mikhail Botvinnik, for example, feels that the quality of the games in
the match did not exceed that in other matches, that Reykjavik
offered few complete games, i.e. games which from beginning to end
are beyond reproach.
There have been great tournaments and great duels in the history of
chess which are considered to be the events of an age. Such were
the matches between Capablanca and Alekhine, Botvinnik and Tal, the
tournament in Nottingham (1936), the AVRO tournament (1938), the
match between the Soviet Union and the rest of the World (Belgrade,
1970). The duel in Reykjavik is called the ‘match of the century’. In
terms of the interest it aroused all over the world, it surpassed all
previous chess events.
The importance to be attributed to the Fischer-Spassky match will
240 World Champions and Their Challengers

certainly be a topic of debate for a long time to come. Debate will also
centre on whether it was ‘atom chess’ or ‘super-chess’ as some wrote.
One thing is certain: it was total war in which there was no thought
of compromise. The mistakes made in the games will only confirm that
the match was played by human beings and not gods. The match
undoubtedly contributed to giving chess new dimensions, vitality and
publicity, especially in certain western countries, where chess was not
held in high esteem. The result speaks of the merit of Fischer’s victory.
Spassky himself confirmed this. Soviet commentaries paid compliments
to Fischer’s game and talent, but criticized the ‘means he used to attain
his goal’ (64). The Soviet press also frequently points out the fatal conse-
quences threatening chess from ‘commercialism’ and the ‘vulgarization
of chess through the demand for money’. On several earlier occasions,
Fischer accused the Soviets of deadening interest in chess and of block-
ing access to the world championship.
Interesting Soviet appraisals of the reasons why Spassky lost appear in
an article in Soviet Sport (January 5, 1973) and in the weekly 64
(January 18, 1973). Spassky is reproached for rarely having taken part
in strong tournaments after winning the world championship title in
1969. ‘As a result, Spassky needed considerable time to warm up in the
match, and he had to pay too high a price for it’. Soviet analyses also
say that Spassky did not devote sufficient attention to preparing his
openings, and ‘without a diverse and tried weapon for the opening it
is difficult to count on success’ in such a match against Fischer. In
altering his repertoire of openings, Fischer revealed himself as a pro-
found psychologist, and Spassky was unprepared for such a turn of
events. Finally, Spassky ‘suffered defeat in the psychological war of
nerves begun by Fischer and his crowd’. These assessments are, in fact,
the conclusions reached at a consultation of prominent Soviet Grand-
masters and trainers on the match in Reyjkavik. Leading Soviet
experts feel that Spassky overestimated his forces and underestimated
those of his opponent, apart from the fact that Fischer scored impressive
results against other candidates.
The future promises even greater rivalry between the strongest Grand-
masters in the world and an attempt by the Soviets to regain the title.
Any healthy sport-like rivalry serves to stimulate the progress of chess.
It is of no service if it turns into political debate. Certain people point
out that the credit should not be taken away from the role played
by the Soviet school. ‘Everyone has learned from Soviet masters’,
says Geller. “Even Fischer learned from us. We have a joke which
 Fischer Wins 241

is half true: Fischer is the best representative of . . . the Soviet school of

chess’.
Much will be written for a long time to come on the unusual match
in Reykjavik, that is for certain. It will long be remembered for its
many trials and tribulations but also as a match in which many miracles
took place. And the greatest miracle of all is that the match was held and
successfully ended.

Fischer-Spassky
Queen’s Gambit Declined
Game 6 :
In the opinion of Grandmaster Gligori¢,
this is the best game of the Reykjavik
match. After the sixth game, ‘a pythonic
masterpiece in which Spassky was slowly
strangled by Fischer’s coiling technique’,
as Life magazine put it, Spassky joined
the audience in applauding the victor.
This sportsman-like gesture deeply im-
pressed Fischer. R-N1 23 B-B4 K-R1 24 Q-R3 N-B1
In a commentary on this game, 25 P-QN3 P-OR4 26 P-B5 PxP 27
Gligorié stresses that for years the Rx P N-R2 28 RI-Bl Q-Q1 29 Q-N3
Orthodox Defence, and especially the R-K2 30 P-KR4 RI-N2 31 P-K6
Tartakower Variation, served as a sure R/N2-B2 32 Q-K5 Q-KI1 33 P-R¢4!
weapon against the Queen’s Gambit. Q-O1 34 R1-B2 Q-K1 35 R2-B3 Q-Q1
Spassky himself used this defence ‘for 36 B-O3 Q-KI1 37 Q-K4! N-B3 38
more than a decade, whenever he wished RXN! PxR 39 RXP K-NI 40 B-B4
to feel safe, and never lost a game with it K-R1 41 Q-B4 1-0
as Black. Then came Fischer, who never
before opened with the Queen’s Gambit,
Fischer-Spassky
and he surprised the chess world by
doing so for the first time in the world Ruy Lopez
championship match. He reached an
impeccable victory in the purest of Game 10
styles. . Former World Champion M. Botvinnik
feels that this was ‘the most complete
1 P-QB4 P-K3 2 N-KB3 P-Q4 3 P-Q4 game in the match’. Grandmaster
N-KB3 4 N-B3 B-K2 5 B-N5 0-0 6 Polugaevsky writes that ‘a favourable
P-K3 P-KR3 7 B-R4 P-QN3 8 PxP middle-game ensued for Spassky, but as
NxP9BxBQxB10NxXxN PXN ll of the 26th move Fischer ‘achieved an
R-Bl1 B-K3 12 Q-R4 P-QB4 13 Q-R3 irresistible and unexpected combination’.
R-Bl1 14 B-N5! P-OR3 15 PxP! PxP Fischer’s 17th move was greatly
16 0-0 R-R2 17 B-K2 N-Q2 18 N-Q4 lauded, but in his match against M.
Q-Bl? 19 NxB P-K4 20 P-K4!(122) Mukhin (Moscow, January 1973), Savon
. P-Q5? 21 P-B4 Q-K2 22 P-KS! played 17 P-B4, which certain Soviet
 242 World Champions and Their Challengers

masters assess as even stronger than P-N5 38 K-N2 P-R4 39 R-N6 R-

Fischer’s move. Q8 40 K-B3? K-B2? 41 K-K2 R-Q4
42 P-B4 P-N3 43 P-N4 PxP 44 PxP
1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 B-N5 P-N4 45 P-B5 B-K4 46 R-N5! K-B3
P-—QR3 4B-R4 N-B3 50-0 B-K2 6 R-K1 47 R4xP B-Q5 48 R-N6+ K-K4 49
P-QN4 7 B-N3 P-Q3 8 P-B3 0-0 9 K-B3 R-Q1 50 R-N8 R-Q2 51 R4-N7
P-KR3 N-N1 10 P-Q4 QN-Q?2 11 R-Q3 52 R-N6 R-Q2 53 R-N6 K-Q4
QN-Q2 B-N2 12 B-B2 R-K1 13 P-QN4 54 Rx P B-K4 55 P-B6 K-Q5 56 R-NI
B-KB1 14 P-QR4 N-N3 15 P-R5 1-0
N/N3-Q2 16 B-N2 Q-N1(123) 17 R-N1
(Here Savon played 17 P-B4 against 123 ad Le oY,
Mukhin and soon won.) 17 . . P-B4 18 Lt

NPXP QPxP 19 PxKP N2xP 20

NXxXN QXN 21 P-QB4 Q-B5! 22 BxN
QxB 23 PxP R/KI-QI1 24 Q-Bl
Q-OQB6 25 N-B3 Q x P? 26 B-N3! PxP
27 Q-KB4 R-Q2 28 N-K5 Q-B2 29
R/N1-Q1 R-K2 30 BxP+ RxB 31
QxR+ QOxQ 32NxQ BxP 33RxB
KXN 34 R-Q7+ K-B3 35 R-N7
R-R8+? 36 K=-R2 B-Q3+ 37 P-N3

World Title Matches

Champion Challenger + — =
1886 Steinitz Zukertort 124-74 10 5 6
1889 Steinitz Chigorin 103-63 10 6 1
1890-91 Steinitz Gunsberg 103-84 6 4 9
1892 Steinitz Chigorin 123-10} 10 8 5
1894 Steinitz Lasker 7-12 5 10 4
1896-97 Lasker Steinitz 12}-44 10 2 5
1907 Lasker Marshall 114-34 8 0 7
1908 Lasker Tarrasch 104-5} 8 3 5
1909 Lasker Janowski 8-2 7 ] 2
1910 Lasker Schlechter 5-5 1 ] 8
1910 Lasker Janowski 93-1} 8 0 3
1921 Lasker Capablanca 5-9 0 4 10
1927 Capablanca Alekhine 153-18} 3 6 25
1929 Alekhine Bogoljubow 153-9} 1] 5 9
1934 Alekhine Bogoljubow 153-104 8 3 15
1935 Alekhine Euwe 144-153 8 9 13
1937 Euwe Alekhine 93-15} 4 10 1]
1948 Botvinnik Match-Tourney
1951 Botvinnik Bronstein 12-12 5 5 14
1954 Botvinnik Smyslov 12-12 r 7 10
1957 Botvinnik Smyslov 123-9} 3 6 13
1958 Smyslov Botvinnik 103-12} 5 7 11
1960 Botvinnik Tal 84-12} 2 6 13
1961 Tal Botvinnik 8-13 5 10 6

is
 World Title Matches 243

1963 Botvinnik Petrosian 93-124

1966 Petrosian Spassky 19t-1 hh
1969 Petrosian Spassky 103-12}
1972 Spassky Fischer 8}-123 NO
+@6 WM
G
“IHD
8 Botvinnik on his Meetings with World Champions

I have met all the official world champions, with the exception of
Steinitz, who died eleven years before I was born. I even played a game
with Robert Fischer before he became World Champion.
The chess fans of today know Spassky, Petrosian, Tal and Smyslov
very well indeed, in fact, as well as I do. That is why I should like to
write about three greats out of the past, about Lasker, Capablanca and
Alekhine, and about my good friend Max Euwe, who is still hale,
hearty and young.

Lasker’s Critical Spirit

In the winter of 1924 Lasker came to the Soviet Union for a guest
appearance. In Leningrad he gave simultaneous exhibitions and played
non-tournament games. I had begun to play chess only a few months
prior to his visit. I asked my mother for money to buy a ticket and raced
off to see the famous chess player in action. The scene was an unusual
one: 55-year-old Lasker slowly moved around the quadrangle. He
played as both Black and White (it was all the same to him!). I knew
many of his opponents. With the exception of a few masters, the
strongest players of Leningrad had come here to compete with Lasker.
I do not quite remember the exact outcome of the simultaneous exhibi-
tion, but I know that Lasker scored a good result. But he played very
slowly, and I left the hall somewhere after the first fifteen or so moves. It
was already very late...
We met in London 11 years later, after my fiasco at the tournament
in Hastings. The President of the All-Union Chess Section, N. V.
Krilienko (one of Lenin’s comrades) ordered Weinstein, who had been
with me in Hastings, to get Lasker to agree to take part in the inter-
national tournament in Moscow in 1935. I was to go with Weinstein in
search of Lasker.
The chauffeur studied the map of London for a long time before he
found the street in which Lasker was living. We drove around for ages
 Lasker’s Critical Spirit 245

before we came upon a section of town composed of two-storey red

brick houses, all of which looked exactly alike. We were led into the
living-room, where three old ladies were biding their time by the fire-
place. All together they must have been two hundred years old. Lasker
came down a few minutes after our arrival. He was weak and his move-
ments were even more sluggish. He lived thriftily and his apartment
was modest. Hitler had already come to power and Lasker had left
Germany.
‘How did you fare in Hastings?’, Lasker asked me. I started to tell
him about my misfortune. ‘And when did you arrive at the tourna-
ment?’
I explained that I had arrived two hours prior to the beginning of
the first round. He began to nod, adding that I should have come at
least ten days earlier in order to acclimatize myself. I have always
tried to abide by his advice, although it has often been impossible.
Lasker did not hide his delight in accepting the invitation to take
part in the tournament in Moscow. Soon afterwards, he arrived in the
Soviet capital with his wife Marta.
The tournament aroused tremendous interest. On the first day there
were five thousand people in the audience. We played among the sculp-
tures in the Museum of Fine Arts (today the Pushkin Museum).
Everything was done to make the burden of the tournament as easy to
bear as possible for Lasker. For example, since the men’s room was
rather far away, a special men’s room was built for his sole use.
After the rounds, young players from the tournament would often
come to the restaurant of the National Hotel and show their games to
Lasker and Capablanca. And that is when I penetrated into the soul of
this old and great chess player. Once, when I permitted myself con-
fidently to reject a move, Lasker, to my astonishment, disagreed. He
defended a position which, in my opinion, was doomed to fail. I did not
succeed in convincing him that his position really was lost.
That is what Lasker was like. I was under the influence of some other
opinions, but he paid no attention to them. He believed in himself,
in his common sense. He did not let outside preferences sway him. He
studied the position (no matter what it was!), reached a conclusion and
made his move. When in a difficult position, he would calmly and
patiently wait, as if from an ambush, for his opponent to make a
mistake. |
This was the last tournament at which Lasker played well. By 1936,
at the tournaments in Moscow and Nottingham, his fortune had faded.
 246 Botoinnik on his Meetings with World Champions

In 1935, Lasker came to live in Moscow, having been given the per-
mission of the Soviet authorities through the intervention of Krilienko.
Later he went to New York to visit his daughter Martha Lasker, where
he remained. At the tournament in Nottingham, Lasker represented the
Soviet Union.
Many have read Einstein’s introduction to Hannak’s book on Lasker.
Einstein was amazed at the fact that such a great chess player did not
like chess. I think that Lasker misled Einstein. Perhaps Lasker was
filled with bitterness as a result of the cruel and difficult life he led in his
old age... Whenever I was with Lasker, I felt that his real life evolved
in the game of chess.

Capablanca’s Fantastic Understanding of Positions

He was a distinguished and very handsome figure. The participants in
the simultaneous games he played were as strong as those who played
against Lasker, but this was a year and a half later, on November 20,
1925. Capablanca was 37 years old at the time. I defeated him on that
occasion and became famous!
We met nine years later at the tournament in Hastings. Capa had
returned to the chess board, although he had not yet reached the peak
of his form. He looked thinner than in 1925. This was due not only to
the passing of years but also to the difficult times he had gone through
after his defeat in the match with Alekhine in 1927.
I played him in the last round. I was on the defensive throughout the
game, but since I had some chances of counter-play he agreed to a
draw. More than anything else, he liked to be on the offensive; security
was held above all else.
At the invitation of S. O. Weinstein, Capablanca came to the Soviet
Embassy in London and immediately agreed to play in Moscow. It
was a while before Capablanca actually came. Weinstein inconsider-
ately asked him about a possible match with Alekhine and suddenly the
Cuban changed colour! He glared and could not calm down for a long
time. Capablanca and Alekhine remained enemies for the rest of their
lives.
Capa was phenomenal at calculating positions, but he was also a
shrewd tactician. At the tournament in Moscow I played Black and
skilfully brought the game to even play, when, unexpectedly, Capa-
blanca in the end ‘overlooked’ a man!? But — no! White had, in fact,
 Capablanca’s Fantastic Understanding of Positions 247

been preparing a quiet move and a variation in which he actually took

the pawn. All of this was artfully concealed.
Perhaps I was unfair to Lasker, but when the Ragozin—Lasker game
was adjourned in a difficult position for my friend Ragozin, after
thorough analysis, we went to consult — Capablanca! I showed him the
conclusions we had come to in the course of our analysis: there were
several complicated variants as well as one simple possibility leading
to a ‘clear’ draw. Capablanca listened all the way through and shook
his head, smiling. When I finished the entire story, he simply said that
this so-called draw-ending was doomed! We went into a long analysis
and it turned out that Capa had been right. Ragozin and I were
impressed by Capa’s strength in endings. True, the Ragozin—Lasker
game ended in a draw, but only because Lasker soon made a slip.
Capablanca won in Moscow in 1936. We took first and second place
in Nottingham. Usually, this gives way to jealousy between the rivals.
Contrary to custom, however, we became good friends. We met for the
last time in 1938 in the Netherlands. Capa was then 50 years old. I
think that his second marriage to Olga Chegoraeva played a crucial
role, for she turned him away from chess. Capablanca never prepared
for a tournament, but during the competition itself he was naturally
carried away by the heat of battle. In the tournament in the Nether-
lands he clearly was not sufficiently composed.
Once we were sitting in a car together. Our wives were talking
quietly. Suddenly Madame Olga (a former Russian princess, whom
Capa had met in Paris), began to say something about her husband.
Capablanca laughed in order to conceal his anger and said to his wife in
French: ‘Oh, always the same thing, money, money, money’. He forgot
that my wife also understands French.
The tournament marked the greatest in Capablanca’s entire career.
I had the luck to defeat him. As Madame Olga said, he took that
defeat well. ‘It was a battle of ideas’, he told his wife.
After Capablanca’s death, Alekhine wrote a touching article about
him in which he paid worthy tribute to the natural genius of the man.
No one can deny it. After their match for the world championship in
1927, Alekhine and Capablanca were not on speaking terms. When
the participants in the tournament gathered for pre-tournament con-
sultations in the Amstel Hotel in Amsterdam, the two chess greats
attended in alternation, first one and then the other. Therefore, Alekh-
ine’s article in which he pays tribute to his rival deserves all the more
credit.
 248 Botvinntk on his Meetings with World Champions

The Match with the World Champion that never was

I met Alekhine only in 1936 at the tournament in Nottingham. This
was an unhappy period in his career. He was still drinking, and looked
nervous and exhausted. He behaved cautiously with me, obviously
assuming that I was going to avoid him. However, I had received no
instructions to that effect and so decided to behave with him on the
surface as I did with the other players.
The change occurred after our game. It was a stormy game, although
it quickly ended in a draw. With great self-assurance he read a state-
ment at the opening of the tournament in which he said that he did not
recognize any special rights given to the future winner and that he was
prepared to play the match with any well-known Grandmaster who
could collect a prize fund of ten thousand dollars! He made one excep-
tion for Capablanca, for whom the sum was 18,000 dollars.
Alekhine’s was a complex character. As soon as he felt any signs of
hostility, he would shoot out his quills like a porcupine. When people
were kind he felt bound to behave in the same way.
His love for chess was boundless. He read everything and he knew
everything. As soon as he saw me in Amsterdam he began to discuss
Smyslov (who had just become the champion of Moscow) and said that
he found he had overlooked some things in his commentaries on certain
games. When Alekhine got carried away with an analysis of a game, he
became a fascinating conversationalist!
The AVRO Tournament finally ended. Although I placed third, I
succeeded in defeating Alekhine and Capablanca. At the closing of
the tournament I approached Alekhine and asked him if he could
spare some time for a talk. The next day I went, together with Flohr,
to meet the World Champion. We quickly agreed to a match. He
left me his address in South America, where he would wait for an
official letter. I returned home, received permission to play the match
and sent an official challenge. In the summer of 1939 I received a
letter from the World Champion (which, unfortunately, has not been
preserved) in which he accepted the challenge. But war soon broke
out.
During the war, Alekhine found himself in a difficult situation. After
the war his position was even worse. Negotiations on the match were
renewed, through the medium of the British Chess Federation. On
March 23, 1946 the Executive Committee of the Chess Federation
 From World Champion to President of FIDE 249

agreed to organize the match in England. On the night of March

24—25, Alekhine unexpectedly died. ...

From World Champion to President of FIDE

Euwe has distinguished himself as an energetic and active person both in
life and at the chessboard. In 1934 he made a tour of the Soviet Union
(he was in the Crimea) and played a tournament in Leningrad. That is
where we played our first game. Euwe had bad luck on that occasion.
While swimming in the Black Sea, he injured his leg and ill-health pre-
vented him from playing in top form at the tournament. I think that he
did not find the sharp style of Soviet masters to his taste.
We met again in Hastings 1934-35. Euwe procured an invitation for
me, and this was my first international tournament. Next we met in
Nottingham 1936, at the AVRO tournament 1938, in Groningen 1946
and finally in the Match Tournament in 1948. At first I found it very
difficult to play against him. Euwe adapted to the conditions and prob-
lems of struggle so quickly and forcefully that I felt insecure in my
delayed reactions. I was especially confused by his ‘long’ moves, for I
never saw the entire board and so often erred in my calculations. Only
in 1948, when Euwe’s play had tapered off, did I succeed in making up
for the games I had lost in our first meets.
Euwe is, without a doubt, a great talent in chess, although he does
incline towards pragmatism. He knew a great deal about openings and
endings. His ideas with respect to position were not exceptionally
original, but he carried them through energetically and forcefully. He
was also a highly intuitive tactician.
I recall that the match tournament of 1948 almost fell through
because of Max Euwe. We traversed the whole of Europe by train on
our way to Moscow, where the second half of this tournament was to be
played. In the rush, we forgot to obtain a transit visa in Berlin for
Euwe for Poland. At the Polish border they naturally suggested that
Euwe return to Berlin for his visa. Euwe suddenly became dejected, and
I immediately understood that the tournament was in danger. The
‘negotiations’ lasted for five hours and twenty minutes. The train waited
for us the entire time. Finally, the Polish authorities settled the matter
in our favour. The train now sped along as an express, missing several
important stops (Minsk and Mazovetsky). We arrived in Brest on time
and changed trains for Moscow. But a new misfortune awaited us in
250 Botvinnik on his Meetings with World Champions

Brest. ‘The customs officials wanted to confiscate Euwe’s chess note-

books. As they did not know Dutch, circumstances required the note-
books to be sent to Moscow and checked for anything aimed against
the Soviet Union. Euwe was very upset, but in the end everything turn-
ed out all right. I informed Euwe, who was sitting dejectedly in the
restaurant compartment of the train. His face suddenly lit up. And then
I ceremoniously asked him whether the notebooks did not, in fact, con-
tain something against the Soviet state. Euwe lifted two fingers as an
oath. ‘Are not the variations aimed against Soviet chess players?’, I
asked, to his amusement.
It is difficult to find as kind a person as Professor Euwe. Whenever
anyone asks him for a favour, he takes out his notepad and carefully
writes everything down. Such consideration and promptness are rare
today. For Dr Euwe not only writes everything down, he also carries
everything through. This is a rarity except for the Professor. .. .
I am bound to Max Euwe by the past and the present. It is irrelevant
whether that past was great or not in terms of chess, but we can be
proud of it and it remains dear to us. Now our friendship has come to
the test. The Professor became the president of FIDE and his actions, in
my opinion, deserve criticism. But I have come to the conclusion that
friendly relations come before all else. Given Euwe’s capacity for rapid
adaptation, he will quickly adapt to the great responsibility of being the
director of FIDE.
9 The Women’s World Championship

Women Candidates Tournaments

After the first post-war Women’s World Championship, held between

December 1949 and January 1950, FIDE developed an entire cycle of
competitions, starting with zonal tournaments and ending with the
Candidates Tournament. The winner of the latter qualified to play a
match with the world champion. The system of women’s competitions
did not include an Interzonal Tournament (as in the case of men’s
competitions). ‘This tournament was introduced in 1968, thus giving the
system four stages: zonal tournaments, the Interzonal ‘Tournament,
Women Candidates Matches and the world title match.
The First Women Candidates Tournament was held in Moscow
in 1952. Since not all the zonal competitions were held, many partici-
pants were given entry to the tournament on the basis of their favour-
able results at various competitions.
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12 Bruce OncOwOm0rrO8 0: On Letina Olextt® ces Oietrc 4
13 Hruskova—Belska 04¢+0000%40%4 404 x *0i1id21i@ 4%
14 Baine 0-00 oO 0.0 0 ¢ 0,0 .0,1.x« 4.4. 38
15 Berea OAOM0P0PG 020001 10 4x 0 FS
16 Reischer 0000000000000 %4 1x S|

The tournament was played from October 21 to November 20,

and was won by the Soviet representative and future world champion
 252 The Women’s World Championship

Elizaveta‘Bikova. She began the tournament with a defeat, but in an

excellent finish took first place one point ahead of second place Igna-
tieva, also of the Soviet Union. Fenny Heemskerk of the Netherlands
also did well by sharing second place, while Keller-Herrmann shared
4th-6th place. They were the only players to threaten the hold of the
Soviets at future tournaments.
12 3 45 6 7 8 9 1011 12 18 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
1 Rubtsova OO Se a 2 Oe a ee ee
2 Volpert LiX chek dul td Gkva abt Uy 4aeiel 4 aed El oe ye eee
3 Keller-Hermann Pos Mb Py OF OF) 10s) 2 00 fie ea ee
4 Zvorikina Ore <0 ey bed hy be OO 25) Tee aes 134
5 Borisenko £8 OOF Rh Or Oe Ee Tee ee is
6 Nedeljkovié $0950 0X 12 tededel Hed OBOE pact 12}
7 Lazarevié Oe EO Fe eee er ae! epee eis eee ibe
8 Ivanova OOO OE pha digks boy eee Sloe t+ 14 4 Ih
9 Heemskerk b)O. lols do OodnOnxod Zt Ovod Ocr0end [Oe eee
10 Graf OD O2'E 0 0 D0 OF ees a ety ae eae es 9}
11 Gresser 00D OCF RI Oa Eee RY KOE Tero ee 9}
12 Chaudé de Silans 028411000 809000 Ladodeoxid #€etabeuioal ton 93
13 Ignatieva 6a Ss Og Pe Oe aa eg: 1 eee os ee
14 Kertesz Od dr 00 835010 lt Oe Oe se 1 ne $40 re 7
15 Gurfinkel Ose. 05d) O20 -Or nO! ¢EBHOO Ofsend + O01 1 46
16 Holuj 0:0. OO 00) OO" OT O40 fo tse a $e J] 4. 86s
17 Karff FOO OO Oa sao vor Ole ie 1c eee + 5}
18 Moschini 0?r000000000001140»x1 % 44
19 Sucha 0 * 0-0-0 50'0 70D OO ONO 3) Owe ian eee
20 Carrasco 7000000300003 000 # Ose eZ

The domination of the Soviets came even more to the fore at the
Second Women Candidates Tournament, also held in Moscow
from October 2 to 30, 1955. This time the tournament was the result of
a broad system of competition by zones. It should be added that twenty
of the really top aspirants to the throne took part in the tournament.
Once again a Soviet player triumphed; Olga Rubtsova, by winning the
last 11 games, a record in its own right! Her most dangerous rival,
Volpert, led throughout the tournament and tapered off only towards
the end. Keller-Herrmann reaffirmed her high renown by taking third
place, while Yugoslavia had its players in the tournament for the first
time and Nedeljkovié and Lazarevié took 6th and 7th place respec-
tively.
Keller-Hermann-Karff N-R4 12 BXB QxB 13 QR-NI1 N4-B3
Queen’s; Gambit¥ Declined
: 14 P-QN4 P-QN3 15 KR-B1 B-N2 16
ng 2hpete 17 O-K2 B-R1 18 B-B5
1 P-Q4 P-Q4 2 P-QB4 P-K3 3 N-QB3__B-N2 19 R-N2 P-N3 20 B-Q3
K-N2
N-KB3 4 PxP PxP 5 B-N5 B-K26 21 P-R5 P-QN4 22 N-N1 P-R3 23
P-K3 P-KR3 7 B-R4 0-0 8 Q-B2 P-B3. N 1-Q2 R/NI-Q1 24 N-N3 Q-Q3 25
9 B-Q3 QN-Q2 10 N=B3 R-K1 11 0-0 Q-K1 R-K3 26 Q-B3 Q-NI1 27
 Women Candidates Tournaments 253

B-N1 RI-K1 28 N-K1 B-R1 29 N-Q3 41 P-R5 PxP 42 PXP R-BI 43 P-B4
N-K5 30 Q-K1 Q-R2 31 N-B4 R3-K2. R-KNI 44 R-KN2+ K-B1 45 RxR+
32 BXN RxB 33 Q-B3 R5-K2 34 KXR 46 Q-B5 N-K5 47 K-R2 P-B3
R2-B2 K-B1 35 P-R4 K-N1 36 N-Q3 48 R-KNI+ R-KN2 49 Q-B8+ K-R2
K-R2 37 N/N3-B5 N-B3 38 N-K5 50 N-NG 1-0
R-QBI1 39 Q-Q3 K-N2 40 P-N4 R1-B2

The Third Women Candidates Tournament was held in Plovdiv

from May | to 25, 1959, with 15 players taking part. This was the first
Women Candidates Tournament at which a foreign player offered an
equal match to the Soviets and until the very end she had a chance of
winning first place.

142437495 '°6°7%809 «10011 12 13ebhetS

1 Zvorikina KeeUEOS BOL $5102 5161 1 lobed 1b
2 Nedeljkovié Sexes lL Pl lelyge1g 071 Uedethey? 10}
3 Volpert $°$UxKl 4747 0"193$91°191 OF PoMeel - OL
4 jf Rootare SPO SUK S400 LT ZL 10 10g agrcboubady 9g
5 \ Keller-Herrmann #04 4x 041 1 4 214 «21 21 21~=~°9
6 Lazarevié OF OME MTOW Px O GC LTOR De 0+ 's eather ps
7 Karakas 4,0°0°O): $21: xe50' R010 § be bet 9h
8 Borisenko Ondgcb $s UF 40V1 )K 105854 looked” 7
9 Rubtsova OVOSOLOLO!Ltgal VxgOUd. harrootierh.” bh
10 Eretova OPLLO°0T S00 OUEL 1Lixed §¢ Pde god: G
11 Gresser 0004014 44 4x $4 °~0 1~—~«5$4
12 Jf Rinder 001444 4004 4x 04 0 — «4%
13. | Pogorevici 0,040°0°074900.01 $9004 Duxtncbotl) 44
14 Todorova OVFcOVOVOVOVOLOVO7Z 1 § Ome LL! 3h
15 Huguet 040000404 01000 %x~ 2%

That was the Yugoslav woman champion Vera Nedeljkovic. Three

rounds before the end, Zvorikina and Nedeljkovi¢ were in the lead, but
in the very next round Nedeljkovié lost unexpectedly to Eretova and in
the end took second place. The winner of the tournament was Kira
Zvorikina, but at the end of the year she lost the match with
Bikova. i
With time new names appeared in Soviet chess, taking over from the
‘old guard’. They were Borisenko, Zatulovskaya and Gaprindashvili.

Eretova—Rubtsova P-Q4 PxP 4 NxP N-B3 5 N-QB3

Sicilian P-Q3 6 B-KN5 P-K3 7 B-N5 B-Q2
8 BJQN5xN PXxB 9 Q-B3 P-B4 10
1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 N-QB3 3 P-K5 PXxN 11 PXN P-N3 12 N-K2
 254 The Women’s World Championship

R-QNI 13 NxP RxP 14 0-0 Q-Bl_ B-K3 20 Q-R4 B-Q2 21 QxP P-R3 22
15 KR-N]I R-QNI1 16 RXR QxR17 +N-B7+ K-QI1 23 B-K3 1-0
Q-QN3 Q-B1 18 R-N1 P-K4 19 N-N5 —

The Fourth Women Candidates Tournament was held in

Vrnjacka Banja from October 26 to November 25, 1961.

Here the new Soviet chess stars affirmed themselves. The future
world champion scored a convincing victory with 13 points out of 16
games, and an unbeaten percentage of 81-:2%.

123 45 67 8 9 1011 12 13 14 15 1617

1, Gaprindashvili’ “x91 2}. $0 2 710 1 2 a oe ee
2 Borisenko OOxKLORETI A GE4101 C2 H444 blo ele
3 Zvorikina 4 PL IXHTE LL 10 614040436104) b 1 eae
4° (Nedeljkovié (204 45x /0f0/3115404/34°1 # 4 shade OF
5 | Leer OLOTORL X01 449414051 20°h F 1 Wt Sieneee
6 \Zatulovskaya 0011 0:x 001401111411 9
7 (Volpert OfF401 FLEO1 KX<4 L001 £26 OndanbeDalane
¢ |Karna 2200110001 £03x1001063°0' Y 1 ‘Ofbadee oD
9 {Nicolau 0£0)104%1 10£1810x0343'°2 ¥ 0 4 pied
10:Polihroniade{ £0 £4.94»41/00240/0)34x01 1.4% 1 Onddalon 6
11 Konarkowska 0 4 04 11444 0x404%44 3 =7
12 {de Silans $<314£0030041000310038 X 1 0 2 Denia
8 |re $£41042 70700000 0}0¢ 000 & dielidadies
14 (Lane 450.0003 404040.2301000241 Oox dodedius
15 (Heemskerk 00100013014400x01~«53
16 ‘| Rinder 05000009090000008i004 1 3 1 Ineeuty SA
17 Hundsuren 050;00054 5090000000 4 1°00 Due ve

Nona Gaprindashvili’s strength of play and superiority over the other

candidates is revealed by the fact that she ended the tournament with-
out a defeat and secured first place several rounds before the end. Her
victory is the most convincing in the history of the Women Candidates
Tournaments.
The Fifth Women Candidates Tournament was held in Sukhumi
(USSR), from September 8 to October 4, 1964, and was the most
dramatic with respect to the battle for first place. The Yugoslav repre-
sentative, Lazarevi¢, was in the lead throughout the tournament, but
was joined in the last round by Zatulovskaya and Kushnir after a
surprise defeat by Gresser. Lazarevié played exceptionally well and
scored a series of outstanding wins, including victories over her most
dangerous rivals Kushnir and Zatulovskaya.

P
 Women Candidates Tournaments 255

beds 954 6S N6us7 18. 19st1OSTH 12°13. 1441596 217.18

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oaailerkays O08) Tit (0 1 Od deal Lk dad od 28
3 Kushnir UE aOR 1 RR gl 3IRR) Die: EL a PR) RI a's a OR) Mag Mag 8
4 Jovanovié 4*4¢%4x ¢ 4404 412122726 i! 8 I19LT 211
5 Zvorikina EL OD AR eK a] A EP Pee D8 TP ee Hoey ist f
6 Ranniku ee ORR) oe eae ORL boot gh SE eo OS
7 Wonarkowska 4 TUF 0 0 x 0 1 T 1.10 1 1 $ 4 1.10
8 Borisenko lo OS. se Oe OD a OO OM et oe oe ae
wevccejkovic’ (9 1 St 0 4 OD 1 ® To 1 0 4 1. Orr a 9
10 Eretova i Ui? es tS ye) ae oe i ee Se i es ede? “Raad atc?8
11 Bikova Be UO al) 20 tO be Oe Se el Ge CO ade ot
12 Lane BG a 507 30, FO eRe CO API Vee ill Oh Rec
13 Gresser 1568 0 0°00 2 0 9 0.8 @ xk O $°e TT 6h
P wecaoresacu ® 10 0°00 0°O 0 0 0. €¢ 2 0 1 % 1 "FPS 6h
15 Karakas Oe ae Ot OOM oe (Boek ae 80) ae OO Oh eT ay
16 Ivanova 000440441004 4 «44x $4 «6
17 Tsend 4+000%10400400000+86xid1 4
18 Moschini O30 50°70 40° 0°30 70 0: 0 0. 0.0 TOs Ow x

According to the rules, the three-way tie had to be broken and a match
tournament was played in Moscow from December 20 to 30 1964. It
appeared at first as if Lazarevié would correct her mistake in Sukhumi,
for she defeated both her rivals in the first two rounds. She needed only
half a point from the last two games to qualify for the match against
Nona Gaprindashvili. But the unexpected occurred. In the second lap
Kushnir defeated Lazarevi¢, while she drew with Zatulovskaya from a
weaker position. And so it was left to the final game of the tournament
between Lazarevié and Zatulovskaya to settle the question of the
winner. Lazarevié playing White lost and Alla Kushnir qualified for
the match with world champion Nona Gaprindashvili.

Lazarevié-Eretova | B-N2 12 P-QN4 QxP 13 P-Q4 Q-K2

Bird/Vi 14 PxP N2xP 15 NxXN QXN 16
tO faeSe B-KB4 Q-K3 17 P-K5 N-Q2 18 N-K4
1 P-KB4 N-KB3 2 N-KB3 P-KN3 3 0-0 19 Q-R4 P-KR4 20 N-N5 Q-K2 21
P-Q3 P-Q3 4 P-K4 B-N25B-K2QN- BxPPXB22QxPKR-K1 23 Q-R7+
Q2 60-0 P-K47N-B3P-B38PxPPxP K-~-Bl 24NxP 1-0
9 Q-K! Q-K2 10 K-R1 P-N3 11 B-Q2
The competition was also of a high standard at the Sixth Women
Candidates Tournament in Subotica from September 7 to October 6,
1967. The Soviet players again dominated in number and were the
main favourites for the top spots. This time Yugoslavia had four repre-
sentatives who, at times, held their ground with the main favourites.
 256 The Women’s World Championship

Tereza Stadler was in the lead for most of the tournament and four
rounds before the end held a two point advantage over her closest rival
Kushnir! Once again everything changed in the finish. Stadler lost to
Kushnir, and the next day to Zatulovskaya. Completely dejected, she
dropped down to fourth place in the end!
1923. 43° 6° 4) 8° Oo 10 Tl 18 14 te ia
1 Kushnir ySees ame ane eee Set me ogee femme FM Mas her PE ESTP 13}
4 Zatulovekaya sg) x27 OO ke Pe en 124
3 Kozlovska beg Re) DO pad Teg i ek Pee ee 123
4 Stadler Bin Decking yi, Beat ete SS Od) 2 oe
5 Kislova Ol OO et bh Ook a hk bay eee
G Nedelikovié, 0 0 2 4% 0 4 L 2b Gg + 1 $ 1 3.1,,103
7 Alexandria De Be) OR Oa 2 Oe ae eee 4 10
8 Nicolau 028 02 ¢4 lox & 4 £0229 See
9 Lazarevic¢ O80 8 0 Ok 2 oe ey a
10 Nowarra Se & 0.32.80 CO x2 8k See
11 Konarkowska-
—Sokolov OOO D005 OD 8.0 0 x Gs TT ee
12 Perevoznic Si Or ot 20 600 2 Oo Bie ee
13 Heemskerk RO GAA NN SR” SR GE 8 is ANC A ar WBN SP A ek 64
14 Asenova DD eg 0 0 OO £ OO ee ee 53
15 Gresser EPO PoE OD FS" OCP PhO Boke a ayes 5$
16 MacGrath 0.800:0°70.0 102200.0 Orr gal rob hy sxiog af 43
17 Friedman 0 OO A06.05 b3 OyadoOOs 0.05.0; dod thing 274
18 Aronson DO; O...0. .0.0;.0...%. 0.0 05 0.00 od of 0 Sake

The tournament ended with the victory of Alla Kushnir, again

under most dramatic circumstances. She once again qualified to
challenge the world champion, Gaprindashvili, but had no better luck
and lost by a significant margin.
The 1968 FIDE congress in Lugano decided (at the proposal of
Yugoslavia and Romania) to alter somewhat the system of competition
for the women’s world championship. Another stage of selection was
introduced, so that the zonal tournaments were followed by an inter-
zonal tournament (in fact, the earlier candidates tournament). The
three top players from the interzonal qualified for the candidates
matches, together with the contestant who in the previous cycle had
been defeated in the title match.
After much difficulty over finding an organizer, the First Inter-
zonal ‘l’ournament was successfully held in Ohrid from May 7 to 31,
1971, Once again Lazarevié recorded success among the world’s top
women chess players, qualifying for the candidates matches, and thus
ranking among the world’s five best players.
 Women Candidates Tournaments 257

12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
LoAlexandria... 7. *. 0.21 Ret ok sera Oy 1, t.1..)7. bo 1.,)..118
2 Zatulovskaya 4 X 134044 34421231 3$1i1!1 212122
3 Lazarevié MPO ee OT er ia Tur ee were fh a ge de
4 Ivanka He Pep Quy PS pag? yas gnqy poy oy Mpo pe Peypgy
SoKonopleva iit li gots xorg Onele quads glow lov Pipi peda
6 Kozlovskaya 44044 x 4414121 421 «421 4 01 4 103
7 Polihroniade 0. $ $ 0 1% X $$ $14 «i144 «4 «4-41.98
8 Radzikowska 3 $4 1 $ 0% 4x 1440440412121 9
9 Jovanovié Pee 40 ee 0 Le tal tose 2G
10 Rubtsova bot 0 1°0 0 Odo Ox ch 1 1 Octet Lee
11 Belamarié ies) sled 2100 derbi Lose bb) Ad ole dk wad
12 Jovanovié DwO. 4.0, 1 ¢ Octet «Oude & 2 1 be bed O nat
13 Stadler 0404004 443404 4x $4214 4 «6
14 Vreeken oa? O00 eek ee Oe OX Lk Penh
15 Karff DesCohOn Oil Oca del asad SOs + Olsce Load end
1G(Baustarkie ee QOw 0! PiledhiDuOied Med Ode deeds 1bis
17 Cardoso OPE PPT MRTOTES ve trea NenePte aes Wins ae tes Bane a
18 Gresser OOP Os OOO. 2k OO She Ord Pk od Oy Oogles 4h

At the Seventh Women Candidates Competition, 1971, among

the winners of the Interzonal Tournament were Alexandria, Lazarevié
and Zatulovskaya, joined by Alla Kushnir, the loser in the last match
for the world championship. Lots were drawn and in the semi-finals
Kushnir played Zatulovskaya and Lazarevi¢, Alexandria.
Kushnir eee Ody The O.Le* 0) 5}
Zatulovskaya OepeU a On ierchy eee! On rete AON al 44
The match in Minsk between Kushnir and Zatulovskaya (August 16-
September 7, 1971) began with Kushnir in the lead by 3-0. Zatulov-
skaya won two consecutive games and catastrophe was avoided.
Alexandria Ve (UN See de 1 OY eee ae 54
Lazarevié Or Oaeey abe: atk 9 OU cle de) at 44
The match between Alexandria and Lazarevié was played from
August 16 to September 5, 1971 in Bladel (Netherlands). Dramatic
throughout, the outcome was uncertain until the last game. The Soviet
player led by two points, but later played less surely and Lazarevié
was constantly threatening to even the score. A draw in the last game
gave Alexandria a minimum victory.
Final:
Kushnir CDS Bie SSE TS OLD RIN ame ws 64
Alexandria obi Ogi 10h Haile Oe tO: combi id 24
258 The Women’s World Championship

The final match between Kushnir and Alexandria (Kislovodsk,

November 23-December 13, 1971) revealed the considerable strength
of the former. It is interesting to note that both players refused to com-
promise, as can be seen from the table. Kushnir once again qualified for
the match with the world champion. Once again Kushnir would meet
with Gaprindashvili for the third time in the world championship
title match.

Winners of Women Candidates

1952 Moscow Elisaveta Bikova USSR 3
1955 Moscow Olga Rubtsova USSR 4
1959 Plovdiv Kira Zvorikina USSR 4
1961 Vrnjacka Banja Nona Gaprindashvili USSR
1964 Sukhumi Alla Kushnir USSR }
1967 Subotica Alla Kushnir USSR
1971 Kislovodsk Alla Kushnir USSR
10 Women World Chess Champions
From Vera Menchik to Nona Gaprindashvili

The World Chess Federation (FIDE) held its fourth Congress in

London in July 7, 1927, in coincidence with the first Men’s Olympiad
and the first Women’s World Championship.
Twelve contestants from seven countries took part in the tournament
for the Women’s World Championship. First place went to Vera
Menchik (1906-1944), who scored 104 out of a possible 11 points. She
won the first 10 games and drew with Michell in the last round.
At this tournament Menchik already displayed her absolute hold
over the other players, and this superiority became more and more
evident from year to year. It should be said immediately that Menchik
won all seven world championships held from 1927 to the beginning of
World War II. In addition, she defeated in two matches her most
dangerous rival Sonja Graf.
1 London 1927 Palas Seve Oo , s VOM oe AO. 1) aig
1 Menchik Sao a ae oo We fee i ee) © eee
2 Beskow Ome cee Ow law fhe eke be ds ale ies eg
3 Wolf—Kalmar 0. Bieber hee P50 ord EO edged lle 7
4 J Holloway O: teOpe Ort wis whoved? fol ob ibe gleaidawes
5 \ Michell Ree A i OR SEEee Sita ks ce Ose uesbien 1) edie btadaelie sats
6 Price AN eS Cy PR ay ee an Ne ORS Ped eee ahd ata AY
7 Harum Om 1s OFrOe XO OL Oe rae lere ae
8 Stirling Cero re wor 1 SOV 1 «x «8 fl OvOMRORS
9 f Frigard OO 6c) Gs 0 GOH OG 1 ie (Ose we One Sy
10 {Siero Oe Ovned) wi) On oly rile eOw, Te XP ob sh.0 rt
11 \USynnewaag O00 id OO et Oe bo Od ed Sd
12 Daunke CeO ee re ee eT UE ke ae

In 1923 Vera Menchik began taking part in men’s international

tournaments, where she recorded notable success, even against many
famous grandmasters. At that time, women’s chess was not as developed
as it is today, but this does not detract from the success of the women’s
World Champion.
At the time, not enough respect was paid to the women’s world
 260 Women World Chess Champions

championship, as the calibre of top women players was beneath that of

general chess development. Hence, the first woman World Champion
was Offered no serious competition nor any greater recognition by the
international chess public.
Vera Menchik was born in Moscow on February 16, 1906. Her
father was a Czech and her mother an Englishwoman. She was taught
to play chess by her father at the age of nine. She lived in Moscow until
1921, when she moved with her parents to England. In 1937 she
married British chess organizer and Secretary of the British Chess
Federation (1938-43), R. H. S. Stevenson.
Vera Menchik was listed at the first World Championship as repre-
senting Russia. At later championships, and until her marriage, she was
listed as representing Czechoslovakia, and at the last championship, in
Buenos Aires, as representing England.
Although she held the world women’s title continuously from 1927
until her tragic death in 1944, she earned her fame on the basis of her
participation in great international men’s tournaments. She defeated
many renowned masters, and those who lost to her are known as mem-
bers of the “Vera Menchik Club’. A list of these members who suffered
defeat at the hands of Vera Menchik includes: Dr Euwe, Reshevsky,
Samisch, Lajos Steiner, Sultan Khan, Sir George Thomas, Becker,
Yates, Colle, Golombek, Alexander, Milner-Barry and others.
There has never been a woman player in the history of chess who has
achieved such results at men’s tournaments.

2 Hamburg 1930 l 2 3 4 5
1 Menchik = 4 1 01 17 1 1 64
2 Wolf—Kalmar 40 x 1 0 oe | yt 54
3 Henschel 1 0 01 x ea | 0 4 44
4 Beskow 00 00 00 x 1 1 2
5 Stevenson 00 00 1 $ 00 x 1}

The second championship was held three years later in Hamburg

in 1930. According to the provisions laid down at the FIDE Congress,
the championship was open to only one representative from each
country. As only five contestants applied, the tournament was played
in two laps. Menchik began poorly, and after the first round trailed by
an entire point behind the Austrian player Wolf-Kalmar. In the second
round she won all the games and in the end triumphed with a one point
advantage. This difficult win was due to the fact that the tournament
 From Vera Menchik to Nona Gaprindashvili 261

was brief and in the beginning Menchik underestimated her younger

and lesser known rivals.
3 Prague 1931 l 2 8 4 5
1 Menchik x [et 1 1 ipa |ua 8
2 Wolf-Kalmar 00 om Ue 01 Lad | 4
3 Stevenson 00 1 0 x 1 4 1 0 34
4 Beskow 00 1 0 04 x 1 0 24
5 Henschel 00 00 01 01 x 2

In 1931, parallel with the men’s Olympiad, the same five players
from the second championship met again in the third championship
in Prague. This time Menchik played in top form and, by winning all
eight games, won first place as well, four points ahead of her closest
rival. Her third title brought Menchik the renown of a revered cham-
pion, while the quality of her play left a strong impression.
4 Folkestone 1933 1 2 3 4 NM 6 q} 8
1 Menchik Kadilyd pelolesch ‘Haske Leb Hides bel 14
2 Price 0-0: eX ele} 0 d.47 bAgoQodes heh bholnad
3 Gilchrist 00 0¢ x 1-1 14 $4.14 11 8
4 Michell O10; ab de OQ) ox oH Ldghed 23.0; Le shld
5 Tonini Gowen Oe 20° xX 1 1 8Orl Lob 6
6 Schwartzmann 00 10 4400 00 x 14 11 «54
7 D’Autremont OFM). 20:0" OF <P Or OOS XK pd Meustay
8 Harum Oa OL 0s" 0°0 Te) OS O70 OU O20 xe 0
The fourth World Championship was held in Folkestone in
1933. The tournament once again was played in two laps, with eight
contestants. Once again Menchik recorded one hundred per cent suc-
cess by winning all 14 games. Second placed Price of England trailed
the champion by a whole 5 points!
A German woman player Sonja Graf, who, like Menchik, often
played at men’s tournaments, was also on the rise. In 1934 she chal-
lenged Menchik to a match which was played in Rotterdam. The
match of four games started off by creating a sensation, for the first
game was won by Graf. But Menchik won the last three games and so
retained her title. This was the first match for the women’s world title
held at the personal initiative of the players and not under the auspices
of FIDE. 3
 262 Women World Chess Champions

5° Warsaw 1935 P29 83g 85 GME FIG. tig: IG

1 Menchik KD ey Pe A ULERY ey eae ‘
2 Gerlecka Oe OES Be ONY ELT PO Ee eae
3 Harum Od OG gb OTD a i
4 O. Menchik OE ORE ROSA F° °R OL aL abe
5 Thierry OOO TE OBE Pri ge Tees eee
6 Hermanova OP DOPE OR KOON Tt Oe ae
7 Holloway OF O™ OF Gag] SG. ee ee
8 Skjénsberg OOF ASQ eeresOy Ci Mase ae ee earaee
9 Kowalska Qe EQ ONC PES OPO GUENOSYET 5606s Mae
10 Shannon OE RS Ee Ott DOO e ai Maes
The fifth championship was held in Warsaw in 1935 and Men-
chik once again won all nine games.
Menchik played a second match with Sonja Graf in Semmering in
1937. In a duel composed of 16 games, the champion succeeded in re-
taining her title by a score of 114-44 (+9 =5 -2). It should be noted
that this match was privately arranged by the two players, but FIDE
approved and recognized it.
Here is one of the effective wins scored by the phenomenal Vera
Menchik in this match.
Menchik-—Graf
Queen’s Gambit Declined
1 P-QB4 P-K3 2 N-QB3 P-Q4 3 P-Q4
N-KB3 4 N-B3 QN-Q2 5 P-K3 P-B3
6 B~Q3 B-K2 7 0-0 0-0 8 P-K4PxKP9
NxP NxN 10 BxN N-B3 11 B-B2
P-B4 12 PxP Q-R4 13 B-K3 BxP 14
B-Q2 Q-B2 15 B-B3 B-K2 16 Q-K2
P-QN3 17 N-N5 P-N3 18 Q-B3 B-N2
19 Q-R3 P-KR4 20 QR-Q1 N-N5(124)
21 R-Q7!! 1-0 (21...QxR 22 QxP!
PxQ 23 B-R7 mate)
6 Stockholm 1937
1 Menchik 14 10 Hermanowa 7 18 Harum 64
2 Benini 10 11 Roodzant 7 19 {Reais 64
3 Graf 9 12 St John 7 20 O. Menchik 64
4 Lauberte 9 13 A. Andersson 7 21 Thomson 6
5 Bain 84 14 Gerlecka 7 22 I. Larsen 6
6 Karff 8 15 Farago 7 23 Beskow 54
Z Fischerova 8 16 Holloway 7 24 Shannon 5
8 I. Andersson 7} 17 Flerow-— 25 Nakkerud 2
9 \ Gilchrist 7k Bulchak 63 26 Melybye 1
 From Vera Menchik to Nona Gaprindashvili 263

The sixth championship, held in Stockholm in 1937, was of

much greater interest. Because of the large number of participants (26),
the tournament was held according to the Swiss system. Vera Menchik
again overpowered her rivals with a maximum number of points — 14!
Her victory is all the more significant as she defeated her most dangerous
rival Sonja Graf, who shared only 3rd and 4th place, while the Italian
Benini took second place, 4 points behind the champion.
7 Buenos Aires 1939 123 45 6 7 8 9 1011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
1 Menchik ENE EE Td TE SNS Hea Se Bae 0 Sak NG Me ee ES ee My ee at ag
2 Graf O0x. Ow Ue te lel) Te ee i oh tie Tet t ae
3 Carrasco Oe x Oe IVR OP Pe 0 Fe Le bee pee eye? 154
4 Rinder O GO. Se Wb) FA ed 1) 189-0150) whe -OviladeHt ) 15
5 Karff O71 09 BO wm Inlet &€ tH Myel tlh 0uhwial w xt 14
6 Lauberte PhO LOO OR De 2 Ok geld de | dee ld 548 124
7 JSMora Oru wewis OOM bey Oe Lee ke Lei yee yo ie di aed Ee
8 \Roodzant 0°70 0 Oder O'k 42 P7171 ¢ 1 48 PTS
9 Schwartzmann +0000%4 44 x ¢} 44214 4 4401 121~«=~9
10 Janecek O7O GO O88. 0 1°0°% x £ FF 151 4 0°11 OFt- 9
11 Larsen 00-0) O40. 4 O84 € 32:x & bl 1 0.0 1 1e be 8
12 Trepat y Ot ¢ 0 OSU VV OU FF Xt 1 OF OW EI eT 2
13 Andersson 000004004004 x* ¢ $21€212!1i~« *!12~O!@«~CO*OxF
14 Reischer 0.0 4-0 00 0,%4 0004 x 11-1 0.1.1. =,7
15 Berea Davee, 0b Os OF 0 ge OO £°s O NX PVE) eT 7
16 Stdffels 000000%3%%441:10000x114 3 &
17 Vigil 00010%4004103140040x04«21«~6
18 Raclauskiene v.09. 0 0000 0°00 0 0 10 OFT x 471 34
19 Nakkerund 0000000001000 0%4 4 44x *0 8
20 Lougheed 0o00004%0000000004011x «2

Finally, the seventh and last pre-war World Championship for

Women was held in Buenos Aires from August 24 to September 18,
1939, with 20 contestants taking part. The main battle for first place
was waged, as before, between Menchik and Sonja Graf. Menchik won
with 18 points, while Graf was second with 16.
Hence, Vera Menchik was the winner of all seven tournaments for
the world championship. At the very beginning of her career, Alekhine
wrote: ‘Vera Menchik, without doubt, is an outstanding phenomenon
among women. She is distinguished by an exceptional chess talent’.
At various tournaments she also scored notable results against many
outstanding Grandmasters, such as Flohr, Fine, Keres, Lilienthal,
Tartakower, Maroczy, Vidmar and Euwe.
Vera Menchik met with a tragic death during a German air attack
over London on June 27, 1944.
A new era in the system of competition for the Women’s World
Championship began after World War II. With the rebirth of FIDE,
a system of competition for the men’s world championship was intro-
duced, and parallel with this, a system for women’s competitions.
264 Women World Chess Champions

8 Moscow 1949/50 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12 13 14 15 16

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20. Rubtsova USSR 0 od do 2) Ak Op ded Delo le tee
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4 CE. Bikova ‘USSR "0 °O "FORK 1 ET TO Peep ge Py Pap
5 (C. de Silans F $o9golon0 aapabic pe orops qt plies (ote Sees
6B KellerDD + PAOLO (Ok la> de kdadory' OekD high? ies
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9. Benini J 0°; Pit 1 “0% ot oO & O10 yeu ee pee
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16R.M.HermanovaPL 0 } 0000040414000 -x 3
The new cycle of post-war competition for the Women’s World
Championship began on December 19, 1949-January 18, 1950 in
Moscow with a tournament of 16 participants. For the first time
Soviet representatives took part in the competition for the women’s
championship. The winner was Ludmilla Rudenko, who became the
World Champion, the second in the history of this competition. She
marked the beginning of an era of Soviet domination in women’s chess.

9 Bikova—Rudenko
Leningrad, August 15—September 20, 1953
Bikova OO kd bebo] 1 4 O50 okie 1 Oe 8
Rudenko Lo ds oD pO oD Oe by oli 0 Boe ns G

FIDE introduced a qualification system leading from zonal tourna-

ments to the match for the world title. The winner of the Candidates
Tournament, Elizaveta Bikova, qualified for the match with the world
champion. This duel was held in Leningrad in 1953. Bikova won by a
score of 8-6 (-+-7 =2-5) and took over the title from Rudenko.

10 Triangular World Title Match

Moscow, August 22-September 23, 1956
1 Rubtsova $$$ 14°0')
$ FT.0'1O'FF P10
2Bikova 4$4$40410}34 1314110193
3Rudenko }01010000}4040010 44
A triangular match for the championship title was held in Moscow
 From Vera Menchik to Nona Gaprindashuili 265

in 1956 between World Champion Bikova, former champion Rudenko

and winner of the candidates tournament Olga Rubtsova. This tourna-
ment of 16 games each ended with the victory of Rubtsova, who
became the fourth women’s World Champion, the third since the war.
11 Bikova—Rubtsova
Moscow, February 2-March 14, 1958
Bikova OQasload E41 08 deldts( oil 1 hod 0 4 8}
Rubtsova hts OF 18 = Ben If 48) 40-40 1.0110 0 0 1 4 58
But in Moscow 1958, Bikova succeeded in defeating Rubtsova by
84-54 (+ 7 =3 -4), and thus regained the title.
12 Bikova-—Zvorikina
Moscow, December 4, 1959-—Fanuary 4, 1960
Bikova O Welitu } saad byt bgt
Zvorikina l a)
oo ive) HOSES et
In a new match for the world championship, Bikova defeated her
next challenger Zvorikina (Moscow, 1959-1960) by a score of 84—44
(+6 =5 —2), and became the World Champion for the third time.
13. Gaprindashvili-Bikova
Moscow, September 18—October 17, 1962
Gaprindashvili ‘ie 49 Ol oaOAieae colle kame t Attach brki enied
Bikova fhUES TA Tear Sev 2m aera PL pe
With time, an entire pleiade of young talented women chess players
appeared in the Soviet Union and posed an increasing threat to the old
guard.
Gaprindashvili—-Bikova Q-Q2 19 Px P PxP 20 P-Q6 N-B4 21
N-B7 BXN 22 BXN B-N2 23 NxR
Sicilian
BxN 24 B-Q5 QxP 25 BXB RxB 26
1 P-K4 P—QB4 2 N-KB3 P-KN3 3 B-B4 KR-Q1 Q-KB3 27 R-B7 N-Q5 28
N-QB3 4 0-0 B-N2 5 P-B3 N-R3 6 R1I-QB1 P-KR3 29 R-B8+ RxR 30
P-Q4 PxP 7 PxP 0-0 8 N-B3 P-Q3 RxR-+ B-BI 31 BxP N-K3 32 R-K8
9 P-KR3 K-R1 10 B-B4 P-B3 11 Q-Q2 N-N2 33 Bx N+ K xB 34 Q-Q5 P-K5
N-B2 12 P-R3 P-N3 13 P-QN4 B-N2 35 P-N3 Q-R8+ 36 K-N2 QxP 37
14 QR-Bl P-K4 15 B-K3 N-K2 16 Q-Q7+ K-N1 38 Q-K6+ K-N2 39
Q-R2 Q-KI 17 N-QN5 P-O4 18 KP x P Q-K5+ K-N1 40 QxP 1-0

The most outstanding representative of this young guard was Nona

Gaprindashvili, who scored a convincing victory over Bikova in Mos-
cow in 1962, 9-2 (+7 =4-0) to become the fifth World Champion.
266 Women World Chess Champions

14 Gaprindashvili-Kushnir
Riga, September 18-October 23, 1965
Gaprindashvili Li0- dip lil? Pobho Tout 0
Kushnir 0): Ino 08 09:00 Orogy I

She defended her renown in numerous tournaments, as well as in a

match with a new challenger, Alla Kushnir. The match was held in
Riga from September 18 to October 23, 1965 and ended in a victory for
the champion by a score of 84-44 (+7 =3 -3). In spite of her excellent
play in certain games, Kushnir lost the match by a considerable mar-
gin, and was inferior to Gaprindashvili in terms of both strategy and
technique.

15 Gaprindashvili-—Kushnir
Tbilist and Moscow, April 8-May 18, 1969
Gaprindashvili 049 gl 0 il al od Al dk Lae
Kushnir Lee Or Or Oy 0" FO ae eee
Three years later, Kushnir once again won in the Women Candi-
dates tournament, but Gaprindashvili again succeeded in retaining her
title, winning the match with the same result of 84-44 (+6 =5 -2).
This match was played in Tbilisi and Moscow between April 8 to May
18, 1969 and was considerably more exciting and interesting than the
previous match.

Kushnir-Gaprindashvili NxXN 14BxN BxB 15 KxB R-BI 16

ava B-N2 QxQ 17 KRxQ R-B7 18 R-Q7
B-N4 19 B-Q4 P-K4 20 BXKP BxP
1 P-QB4 N-KB3 2 N-KB3 P-B4 3 21RxXRPBXP 22 K-R3 P-R4 23 B-B4
P-KN3 P-QN3 4 B-N2 B-N2 5 0-0 R-QI1 24 R-QBI R-K7 25 R-B3 B-N8
P-K3 6 P-N3 B-K2 7 B-N2 0-08 P-K3 26 P-KN4 R-Q5 27 R-B8-+ K-R2 28
P-Q4 9 PxP NxP 10 P-Q4 PxP 11 RxPK- 29 R8-B7
N3 R-Q6-+ 0-1
N xP N-QB3 12 NxN BxN 13 N-B3
After the fourth game, Kushnir led 23-14, but the second part of the
match was completely in the hands of the champion who attained
Bikova’s record and became the leading woman chessplayer in the
world for the third time.

16 Gaprindashvili-—Kushnir
Riga, May 10—Fune 26, 1972
Gaprindashvili 1101414014042402332 83
Kushnir 0010$04104144142 7
 From Vera Menchik to Nona Gaprindashvilt 267

The same opponents met for a third time in the match for the world
title. At first it appeared as if this match would take the course of its
two precedecessors. In the second half, however, Kushnir reduced the
difference to a minimum and Nona for the first time seemed to move
onto the defensive in an effort to retain her title. She remained on the
throne, however, and justly so. There is no doubt that she is an out-
standing chess player, a phenomenon to be compared with the famous
Vera Menchik.
The inviolable reign of Gaprindashvili has lasted since 1962, which is
a rare feat in itself. In reaching the title match for a third time, Kushnir
clearly demonstrated her superiority over all other aspirants. It was just
her bad luck that this occurred at a time when the World Champion
was the outstanding Gaprindashvili.

Winners of Women’s World Championships

1927 London (T) Vera Menchik
1930 Hamburg (T) Vera Menchik
1931 Prague (T) Vera Menchik
1933 Folkestone (T) Vera Menchik
1934 Rotterdam (M) Vera Menchik
1935 Warsaw (T) Vera Menchik
1937 Semmering (M) Vera Menchik
1937 Stockholm (T) Vera Menchik
1939 Buenos Aires (T) Vera Menchik
1949-50 Moscow (T) Ludmila Rudenko
1953 Leningrad (M) Elisaveta Bikova
1956 Moscow (MT) Olga Rubtsova
1958 Moscow (M) Elisaveta Bikova
1959-60 Moscow (M) Elisaveta Bikova
1962 Moscow (M) Nona Gaprindashvili
1965 Riga (M) Nona Gaprindashvili
1969 Thilisi- Moscow (M) Nona Gaprindashvili
1972 Riga (M) Nona Gaprindashvili
(M) Match (T) Tournament (MT) Match-tournament
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11 The World Junior Championships

The World Junior Championships play an important role in revealing

young talents from all over the world. Many renowned chess players
took part in these tournaments, such as Ivkov, Panno, Larsen, Spassky,
Portisch, Olafsson, Karpov, Lombardy, Hiibner, Andersson, Parma
and others. This constellation of young talent usually serves to uncover
new stars and reveals the hopes certain countries place on the future.
The World Junior Championships were initiated in 1951 and are held
every alternate year. They are open to young people under 20 years of
age as of September | that year.
The FIDE Congress in Skopje in 1972 adopted a proposal to hold the
championships annually.
According to the regulations laid down by FIDE, the winner of the
Junior Championships is automatically given the title of international
master.
World Junior Champions
1951 Boris Ivkov Y 1963 Florin Gheorghiu R
1953 Oscar Panno Arg 1965 Bojan Kurajica 1
1955 Boris Spassky USSR 1967 Julio Kaplan PR
1957 William Lombardy USA 1969 Anatoly Karpov USSR
1959 Carlos Bielicki Arg 1971 Werner Hug CH
1961 Bruno Parma Y 1973 Alexander Belyavsky USSR

As can be seen from the above, so far the greatest success recorded at
these championships was by young players from Yugoslavia and the
Soviet Union, followed by Argentina.

I Funor Championship, Coventry and Birmingham

June 11-25, 1951
This Championship was played according to the Swiss system (11
rounds). The first two rounds were played at Sibree Hall, Coventry,
the remainder taking place in the building of Birmingham University.
 270 The World Junior Championships

According to the press, the Soviet federation did not send a team
because of its objection to the Swiss system.
Rl R2 RS Res R55 R66 RZ RS RO R.1O R11
1 B. Ivkov ih +7 +12 +2 +11 =8 +9 +5 +4 =3 410 =6 94
2 M. Barker Eng +17 +10 —1 +5 +6 =8 +11 =3 +4 =7 =]2 8
3 R. Cruz Arg +4 —8 =14 =16 =5 +13 = =2 =1 +412 =7 7
4 P. Harris Eng — 3 +14 +12 —6 =11 +10 +8 —1 —2 +417 +18 64
5 B. Larsen Dk —6 +17 +10 —2 =3 +15 —1 —12 +13 +18 +14 6%
6 B. Nyren SF +5 =9 =§8§ 44 —-2 =11 —3 +14 =15 416 =1 6}
7 E. Bhend CH —1 +13 =16 —8 —9 +18 +15 +11 =10 =2 = 3 6
8 S. Burstein F =11 +3 =6 +7 =1l2=+2 —4 =10 =12 =9 <=15 6
9 W. Rosen BRD +15 =6 —-ll =13 +7 —1 =12 -17 +18 =8 +416 6
10 E. Selzer A +16 —2 —5 +18 +12 —4 4+14°=8 =7°— J] +176
11 G. Berriman Aus = 8 +18 +9 — 1] =4 = —2 —7 =17 +15 =13. 5}
12 F.Olafsson IS +13 —1 —4 414 —-10 +146 =9 +5 =8 —~3 =2 5}
13 L. Joyner CDN -12 —7 +17 =9 +16 —3 +18 =15 — 5 1G zaps)W Ido
14 A. Eikrem N =18 —42=3 —12 =15 +17 -10 —6 =16 =13 —5 3}
15 J. Walsh Eire —9 -—-16 =18 +17 =14 — 5 — 7. 13 = G 1] wo G 3t
16 J. Jackson Scot —10 +15 =7 = 3 —13 ~—12 =17 —18 =14 —6 —9 3
17 S. Asker S =18 —14 =16 +11 =11 —4 =10 2}
18 B. Coosemans B =17 —7 -13 +146 —9 —5 —4 2Q&

Ivkov-—Barker Q-K2 16 P-KB4 QR-Bl 17 P-KN4

Sicilian P-QN4 18 B-B3 R-B2 19 K-B2 B-Bl
20 R-R2 P-R4 21 RI-R1 Q-KI1 22
1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-QB3 N-QB3 3 N-N1 P-N5 23 P-B4 Q-Q1 24 N-K2
P-KN3 P-KN3 4 B-N2 B-N2 5 P-Q3 R-K1 25 N-N3 Q-B3 26 P-K5 QP xP
P-K3 6 B-K3 N-Q5 7 N3-K2 N-K2 8 27 BPxXP Q-QI1 28 N-K4 Q-Q5 29
P-QB3 NxXN 9 NxN P-Q3 10 Q-Q2 QxQ PxQ 30 P-N5 RI-K2 31 N-Q6
B-Q2 11 B-R6 0-0 12 P-KR4 BxB 13 B-Q2 32 K-N3 B-B3 33 BxB RxB 34
QxB K-RI 14 P-R5 N-NI 15 Q-K3 Nx P+ 1-0

2 Fumor Championship, Copenhagen

July 3-22, 1953
The new FIDE regulations stipulated that the Junior Championships
were to be played according to the Round Robin system. The rules
provided that all ties must be broken under the so-called Sonneborn—
Berger system. On this basis, the title was awarded to Oscar Panno.
Preliminaries are played if more than 18 juniors are taking part,
followed by the finals. As there were 20 players competing in Copen-
hagen, they were divided in the preliminaries into two groups. The best
four from each group then qualified for the finals.
 Junior Championship, Copenhagen, 1953 271

Final A Oa Liat sakes MlsRR hb ok6

1 O. Panno Arg Mscikbceh |, Apheeetaieek a’ lena OF
2 K. Darga BRD +P) OX tee ak crete ck ve) ay Lee
3 B. Ivkov ‘a Ou He RU Te BD ay Oa 3
4 F. Olafsson IS Dis Oise teh poe 0} 21k la al) Be
2. ]..e enrose Eng kote Ot be Oe OY 24
6 D. Keller CH + A scl HPht DCotas 9Hien reid LiKE peed|
7 J. Sherwin USA IRA gers SORT 8 eee a 1 aay Mee 2 F
8 B. Larsen Dk PT A Ae SPN Te an EE | ae all>8

Final B
9 F. Scafarelli (Italy) 5 15 R. Siemms (Canada) 34
10 M. Farré (Spain) 44 16 M. B. Mellberg (Sweden) 34
11 F. Roessel (Holland) 4 17 J. Boey (Belgium) 3
12 R. Persitz (Israel) 4 18 J. Herbin (France) 24
13 H. Heikkila (Finland) 4 19 Y. Barda (Norway) 24
14 E. Reichel (Austria) 34 20 Petri (Saar) 2

The results of the preliminaries were:

Group A Ivkov 7, Olafsson and Panno 6, Keller and Persitz 44,
J. Boey, Y. Barda and Siemms 4, E. Reichel 3, B. Mellberg 2.
Group B Darga 64, Larsen, Penrose and Sherwin 6, Farré 54, Scafa-
relli 5, Roessel 4, B. Petri 24, Heikkila 2, J. Herbin 14.

Panno-Sherwin us

a aie
King’s Indian yy
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-KN3 3
P-KN3 B-N2 4 B-N2 0-0 5 N-KB3
P-Q3 6 N-B3 QN-Q2 7 0-0 P-K4 8 Vien 9

ah Z
P-K4 PxP 9 NXP R-KI1 10 P-KR3 YBy — ZZ
JZ
YG
N-B4 11 R-K1 P-QR4 12 Q-B2 P-R5 Ne nian BAe,
G
13 B-K3 P-B3 14 QR-Q1 N3-Q2 15 \

P-B4! Q-R4 16 B-B2 Q-N5 17 P-R3

>
S
ES
NY
Q-R4 18 K-R2 P-R4? 19 N-B3 B-Bl S

20 N-QNI1 N-N6 21 NI-Q2 N2-B4 22 \

N-Bl B-Q2 23 P-B5 B-K2 24 P-N4
RP x P 25 RPx P P-KN4 26 P-K5 PxP paid we ee . = : ait ees
R-Q1 2 28 P-B6 B-Q3 SS a 29eh Seatarelli resigned.
27 NxXKP QR-QI ts near
18 . . . Q—B2 7was
eee
R-K7+ RXR 33 Q-R7+ 1-0 much bette coat ith the ;interesting
: possia)
ee ieee ee ee bility: 19 B-R6 P-N3 20 N-K4 RxR
Heikkila—Scafarelli 21 N-B6+ K-R1 22 B~-N7+ KxB 23
In the position in the diagram, from the N-K8+ K-B1 24 N xQ and the knight
Consolation B-Tourney, White played 18 should not escape.
 272 The World Junior Championships

3 Funor Championship, Antwerp —

July 21-August 9, 1955
A Soviet representative took part in the Championships for the first
time in Antwerp. That was Boris Spassky, a participant in the inter-
zonal tournament, who was from the first a big favourite. Twenty-four
competitors took part (according to the regulations, each country has
the right to send one player while the host country can enter two).
In the preliminaries they were divided into three groups. The finalists
were to be the first three from each group, plus the ‘best fourth’. Spassky
lost to Klages of West Germany in the preliminaries but remained
invincible in the finals.
Final A L.o2 .% 4. 5. ,d69g1) Siege iG
1 Spassky USSR X¥-O¢ «+ pl! Heal ee eee tes
2 Mednis USA tox 1 & tond ds Lele ee
3 Farré E * O ed ole shes Fo ee ee
4 Portisch H Ve ee fo eee Wee ee |
5 Tringov BG 0 4,0 vee X. cl Se pale eee
6 Keller CH Oe ER OY ot EP a Pee
7 von Oosterom NL OO. FTO: PRN SE Tt BG wh SE
8 Hallstrém SF QO; 20040); Over Oop bd) Oma 41 & eee
9 J Schweber Arg 0: pO. 1D 2 Ond7 yO om daca geo Se
10 \Johannessen NV 0 (20 70/5 0% 10. v5.00) 20g aie
The remaining fourteen played in a consolation tourney (Final B)
with the following results:
11 Cirié (Yugoslavia) 74 18 Kreppenhofer (Austria) 4
12 Johannsson (Iceland) 64 19 Somers (Belgium) 4
13 Broden (Sweden) 64 20 Purdy (Australia) 34
14 Lloyd (England) 64 21 Muller (France) 3
15 Jorgenssen (Denmark) 5} 22 Philippe (Luxembourg) 3
16 Klages (W. Germany) 4} 23 Donia (Saar) 2}
17 Van Hoorne (Belgium) 4 24 Deiseach (Ireland) 2
The preliminary tournaments resulted as follows :
Group A Spassky 6, Hallstrom 5}, Van Oosterom 5, Klages 4,
Jorgenssen and Purdy 3, Somers 14, Deiseach 0.
Group B: ‘Tringov and Johannessen 5, Schweber and Portisch 44,
Johannsson and Lloyd 4, Muller 1, Donia 0.
Group C’ Farré 54, Keller and Mednis 5, Broden, Cirié and Kreppen-
hofer 34, Van Hoorne 14, Philippe }.
 Junior Championship, Toronto, 1957 273

Schweber-Johannessen N-K4 27 NxN PxN 28 B-QN5 BxB

Benoni
29 B-K3 Q-Q3 30 NxB Q-N3 31
R-QB1 Q x KP 32 B-R7 R-Q1 33 P-Q6
First Brilliancy Prize QxRP 34 R-B5 Q-08+ 35 K-R2
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-QB4 3 P-Q5 RxP 36 NxR QXN 37 R-B8+ K-N2
P-K3 4 N-QB3 PxP 5 PxP P-Q3 6 38 B-N8 Q-04 39 R-K8 K-B3 40 B-B7
N-B3 P-KN3 7 P-K4 B-N2 8 B-K2 0-0 K-B4 41 R-OR8 P-N3 42 R-QN8 P-R5
90-0 R-K1 10 N-Q2 QN-Q2 11 P-QR4 43 R x P P-R6 44 R-R6 P-R7 45 P-N4-+
P-QR3 12 Q-B2 R-N1 13 R-N1 Q-K2 K-K5 46 R-R4+ K-B6 47 R-R3+
14 R-K1 N-K4 15 P-QN4 PxP 16 K-B7 48 B-N6+ K-B8 49 R-KN3
RxP B-Q2 17 Q-N3 R/KI1-QBI1 18 Q-K5 50 B-R5 Q-KB5 0-1
P-B3(/26) 18 . . . P-QR4 19 R-N6

Spassky-—van Oosterom

King’s Indian

Second Brilliancy Prize

1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-KN3 3
N-QB3 B-N2 4 P—K4 P-Q3 5 P-B3 0-0
6 B-K3 P-K4 7 KN-K2 N-B3 8 Q-Q2
N-Q2 9 0-0-0 P-QR3 10 P-Q5
N-R2 11 P-KN4 P-QN4 12 N-N3 PxP
13 P-KR4 P-KB3 14 P-R5 Q-K2 15P xP
P xP 16 Q-R2 K-B2 17 N-B5 PxN 18
Q-R5+ K-NI 19 NPxP R-B2 20
22 QxRBxQ 23 NxBQ-R5 24 N-B3 B-K2 N-B4 21 QR-N1 Q-Q?2 22 Q-R8
Q-B7+ 25 K-R1 QxR/3 26 P-R3 mate

4 Funior Championship, Toronto

August 3-16, 1957
Twelve players from eleven countries took part in the tournament, a
very small number indeed. The tournament will be remembered, how-
ever, for the record set by William Lombardy, who won all his games.
It will be a long time before this record is repeated. First prize amounted
to $200 and second prize to $100.
 274 The World Funior Championships

l 3 4567 8 9 1011 12
1 W. Lombardy USA x 14151 Dt ae
2 M. Gerusel BRD 0 2.100 Py 1a a
3 A. Jongsma NL 0 x 21 1 1 leh heii
4 V.Selimanov USSR 0 3S MOET 190-4 FECEA
5 R. Cardoso PI 0 OOOLX xO A Tk T1tep-a,
4 eae
6 R. Hallerod S 0 O FL S ROS ME grid 9 SS
7 F. Jobin CDN 0 0: OF10 BOT!
8 J. Aldrete Mex 0 0 (00-08 HOO Th aioe
9 T. Makelainen SF 0 010. (OMEN 1 RAQ APM BL
10 B. Rabinowitz SA 0 00%#400%x
44
11 I. Bahgat Egyp 0 00°00 ‘FOOT O 4 gi xatnieae
12 P. Bates CDN 0 010-209 9T 0 OF Ow tent ani 1a
oeooococoroox
K&N

Gerusel-Lombardy 8 Q-B2 P-K4 9 QPxP B-B4 10 Q-R4

Nimzo-Indian 0-0 11 B-K3 P-Q5 12 R-Q] PxB! 13
RxQ PxP+ 14 K-QI KRxR+ 15.
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-K3 3 K-B1 P-QR3 16 Q-N3 N-B4 17 Q-B3
N-QB3 B-N5 4 Q-B2 N-B3 5 N-B3 N-R4 18 P-K4 N/R4-N6+ 0-1
P-Q4 6 P-QR3 BxN+ 7 QxBN-K5

5 Funor Championship, Miinchenstetn

July 17-August 8, 1959

Twenty-six players came to compete in the tournament in this Swiss

summer resort. In the preliminaries they were divided into three groups.
While all the continents were represented in the championship, missing
were Bobby Fischer and the talented 15-year-old Hort, who shared
second place in the Czechoslovak Championship.

Final A Nh ae Oe |
1 Bielicki Arg mr ule
2 { Parma ‘i 0 x 43
o {een Eng Ose grrr
4 \Stefanov BG x 4¢ 1
5 | Clemens BRD bs Peay
6 4 Hamann Dk + 4 4 o
7 \Kittner DDR 0% 1.0
8 J{Naranja PI 0) On}
9 Tomson USSR OB ae Sig 1)
10 Kuijpers NL Maa taal |
11 Phillips NK 0 0 3
12 Erny CH 0 0 0 oh
oe
Ne
Om
OO
oh
XO
ee me
oe
ee
ae
UN
Om
OO
K
O tl
oeaneOem
Sion)
eh
on
alo XK
Ot
Oe
Oe
He SK eH
he
00
et
et
Ste
Ow ee
Be
Rie
OK
OO
eR Oe el
ee
he
Ke
Oe on he
all
al XO
Oe
ee
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 Junior Championship, The Hague, 1961 275

The results of Consolation Tourneys:

Classification Tourney A (Final B):
13 Hoen (Norway) 6 18 Wostijn (Belgium) 4
14 Hohler (Switzerland) 54 19 Halen (Sweden) 3
15 Grimsaw (Canada) 5 20 Primavera (Italy) 24
16 Anguera (Spain) 44 21 Weinwurm (Austria) 14
17 Saren (Finland) 4

Classification Tourney B (Final C):

22 Velasco (Cuba) 6 25 Bivier (Luxembourg) 2
23 Maalouf (Lebanon) 54 26 Tcherniak (France) 1
24 Cassidy (Ireland) 54%

Bielicki-Rumens 34 Q-K7 NI-Q3 35 BxN 1-0. This

decisive game was played in the last
Dutch
round.
1 N-KB3 P-KB4 2 P-QN3 P-K3 3
B-N2 N-KB3 4 P-N3 B-K2 5 B-N2 0-0
Tomson-Rumens
6 0-0 Q-K1 7 P-Q4 Q-R4 8 P-K3
P-KN4 9 N-K5 Q-R3 10 N-Q2 P-Q3 King’s Gambit
11 N-Q3 QN-Q2 12 Q-K2 P-O4 13
P-OB4 P-B3 14 QR-B1 N-K5 15 N-B3 1 P-K4 P-K4 2 P-KB4 P-O04 3 KPxP
N2-B3 16 N/B3-K5 N-R4? 17 R-B2 P-K5 4 N-OB3 N-KB3 5 Q-K2 B-KB4
N5-B3 18 B-Bl Q-N2 19 B-Q2 P-N5 6 P-KR3 NxP 7 NxP B-K2 8 P-KN3
20 R-NI K-RI 21 PxP KPxP 22 0-0 9 P-Q3 N-QB3 10 N-KB3 B-B3 11
P-N4! N-K5 23 P-N5 R-B3 24 PxP B-N2 N-Q5 12 Q-QI R-KI1 13 0-0
P-N3 25 P-B7 B-Q3 26 B-N4 Q-B1 27 BXN 14 PXB RxP 15 P-B3 N-K7+
Q-K1 N-N2 28 N-KB4 Q-N1 29 BxB 16 K-R2 NxB 17 N-N5 R-K7 18
RxB 30 Q-N4 N-K1 3] RI-QBI QxN/l N-K6 19 R-KNI BxN 20
P-QR3 32 R-B6 RXR 33 RXR R-R2 PxBQxP 21 Q-N1 Q-Q4 0-1

6 Funior Championship, The Hague

August 12-September 2, 1961
Twenty-nine players competed in the championship. In the prelimin-
aries they were divided into four groups. The top three out of each
group qualified for the finals. For the second time the title went to a
Yugoslav. The American Raymond Weinstein had also registered for
the tournament but was ruled too old to compete.
 276 The World Junior Championships
Final A 1 2 :8voduc5 TF 6onkic Bard Moshe
1 Parma Yr x 1 0 f2 34) 1. T1012 7b See
2 Gheorghiu R 0 x O § <1 (°D 80) 2) (ONO) Aeieees
3 Kuindzhi USSR) cilizoX? 4 °F «1, «1 Od le oeeee
4 ab ii BED.WO>s bot dt 8 90 be Veblen by Cee a?
J) UZuideman ,WEG. 4 0 ded, ix do wh OL) OR i ee
6 Westerinen SF ¢ OO. D OO xe OMe et 4) er ee
7 Calvo E oro" 0 Oh 0 1) SP EA eT Sarees
8 Gulbrandsen WV 0 0 4 0 100} | Bx eee
9 Nagy H 0 0 0 4 01903 4) #20) 0 90 dete
10 Larusson Is 0 0 0 O 00:708..0:140 DOR ees
11 Kinnmark S Or. O.. dr DB 009 OC O 44 G10 00 ge See
12 Thomson some OL Y 009 02.0 70 Pare eee eee

The players who failed to qualify for the ‘Final A’ were arranged into
two consolation (classification) tourneys.

The consolation tourney A (Final B) :

13 R. Phillips (N Zealand) 8} 19 D. Smith (England) 4}
14 O. Jakobsen (Denmark) 7 20 J. Rubinetti (Argentina) 34
15 U. Kuttner (E.Germany) 64 21 J. Diekstra (Holland) 3
16 L. Gilden (USA) 6 22 A. Rosino (Italy) 3
17 J. Minaya (Columbia) 54 23 E. Keogh (Ireland) 2}
18 H. Holaszek (Austria) 5

The consolation tourney B (Final C) grouped the five remaining players with the
Sollowing results:
24 W. Schmidt (Poland) 74 27 R. Wostijn (Belgium) 2
25 M. Markus (Switzerland) 6 28 R. Rischette (Luxembourg) 1}
26 C. Maalouf (Lebanon) 3

The preliminary tournaments resulted as follows :

Group A Gheorghiu 5, Nagy and Thomson 3}, Holaszek and Rubinetti
24, Jakobsen and Schmidt 2.
Group B Kinmark, Pfleger and Zuidema 4, Hort 4 (a tie was broken
under the Sonneborn—Berger system), Rosina 24, Smith 2, Maalouf
3.
Group C Parma 44, Larusson 4, Westerinen 33, Gilden and Minaya 3,
Diekstra 2, Rischette 1.
Group D Kuindzhi 64, Calvo 5, Gulbrandsen 44, Phillips 4, Kuttner
33, Keogh 2, Markus 13, Wostijn'1.
 Junior Championship, Vrnjacka Bania, 1963 277
Parma-Gulbrandsen B-R3 P-B5 12 B-Q6 Q-R4 13 Q-Q2
French
0-0-0 14 KR-N1 QR-K1 15 R-N5
Q-R3 16 R-N2 N-N3 17 P-R4 P-R4
1 P-K4 P-K3 2 P-Q4 P-Q4 3 N-QB3 18 P-N3 N-Q1 19 Q-K3 Bx P 20 N-Q2
B-N5 4 P-K5 P-QB4 5 P-OR3 BxN-+ P-N4 21 B-B3 N-Bl 22 NxP QPxN
6 PxB Q-B2 7 N-B3 N-K2 8 P-QR4 23 RxB PxR 24 Q-K4 K-Q2 25
QN-B3 9 B-K2 B-Q2 10 0-0 P-B3 11 Q-R8 R-K2 26 B-N7 1-0

7 Junior Championship, Vrnjacka Banja

August 13—September 3, 1963
Yugoslavia took over the organization of this tournament at the last
minute (it was supposed to be held in the Soviet Union, but was can-
celled). ‘Thirty juniors competed in the five preliminary groups (2 out
of each group qualified for the finals).
As compared to the ruling at the Second Championship, now the
regulations provided for a supplementary match of four games between
Gheorghiu and Janata. The match was held in Vrnjacka Banja and
ended 2-2, four draws. Gheorghiu became the world champion because
in the tournament he fared better according to the Sonneborn—Berger
system.
Final A Ae a Ra gowia o ld oe so Maysthe lSeto
1 J Gheorghiu R 2 O04 Fg ABelge Sysop ah whos Bei Hh fe adie?5
2 \ Janata Cz Us % eel eee Ghali ae ol eel ot 1 ¢
3 Kurajica Yr OF die Me ON £ ee oe OL kl a
4 ¢Adamski PL PC Ua ar eee. OY cee Ui te ge
5 | Lee Eng ae Pere ae ae Veet), Pama
6 < Lian Ann Tan Sing 4. Oe Fee? OFS 2£e 0. Li 4
7 | Zakharov USSR QP este MO OMe Ve 4
9 \Zwaig N 0, 04.4214. . hetkieiGoex-> 1 tuys
9 Westerinen SF OF Ore Or On ede tL aOr Ouecn ula
10 Bojkovié ia Usk) nae Ske Seagne S aae epeet Feta | ogre tage’ 2

The players who failed to qualify for final, played in two consolation
tournaments.

Final B:
11 Holaszek (Austria) 7 16 Musil (Yugoslavia) 5
12 Ostermeyer (W. Germany) 6 17 Fuller (Australia) 44
13 Gat (Israel) 54 18 Bohlig (East Germany) 3
14 Moe (Denmark) 54 19 Alvarez (Cuba) 2
15 Friedgood (South Africa) 5 20 Litsberger (Sweden) 14
 278 The World Funior Championships a

Final C;
21 Amadao (Argentina) 7 26 Glauser (Switzerland) 44
22 Ivanov (Bulgaria) 7 27 Kovacs (Hungary) 44
23 Cunninghan (USA) 6} 28 Dietrich (Luxembourg) 2}
24 Kristjansson (Iceland) 54 29 Cordovil (Portugal) 2
25 Scholl (Holland) 5 30 Burstow (Canada) 4

The results of the preliminary tournaments were as Sollows :

Group A Gheorghiu 44, Lee 24, Bohlig 23, Litsberger 2, Kristjan-
sson 2 and Amado 1}.
Group B Tan Lian and Zakharov 4, Alvarez 3, Moe 14, Kovacs, 14,
Scholl 1.
Group C’ Bojkovié 34, Adamski 3, Ivanov, Gat and Fuller 24, Burstow |
Group D Janata 4, Zwaig 34, Musil 3, Ostermeyer 234, Glauser 2,
Cordovil 0.
Group E Kurajica 3}, Westerinen 3, Holaszek and Fridgood 3, Cun-
ningham 23, Dietrich 0. :
Gheorghiu-Janata NPXP 16 PxBPRxR17NxRNxP
Benoni 18 NxN PXN 19 B-N2 B-Q3 20 N-Q2
B-Q2 21 Q-RI P-B3 22 P-B4 R-K1
1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-B4 3 P-Q5 23 PxP BxP 24 BxB PxB 25 Q-R3
P-K4 4 N-QB3 P-Q3 5 P-K4 B-K2 6 Q-N4 26 N-B3 Q-K2 27 Qx RP B-N5
P-KN3 0-0 7 B-N2 N-KI1 8 N-B3 28 QxRP R-KBI 29 P-Q6 Q-B3 30
N-Q2 9 0-0 P-QR3 10 P-QR4 R-NI Q-B6 R-Q1 31 Q-Q5+ Q-K3 32NxP
11 N-K1 P-KN3 12 N-Q3 N-N2 13 1-0
R-N1 P-N3 14 P-QN4 R-N2 15 P-R5

8 funior Championship, Barcelona

August 14-September 1, 1965
Twenty-eight juniors competed in Barcelona (the representative from
Cyprus was also scheduled to play but he did not arrive). In the pre-
liminaries they played in five qualification groups. Two out of each
group qualified for the A-final group. If two players have the same
number of points, the same result according to the Sonneborn-—Berger
system and the same number of wins, then a dice is thrown. Tukmakov
and Keene provided a case in point, and the throw of the dice decided
that the Soviet representative would play in the A-final group.
In the finals, Kurajica scored victory after victory. His first draw
came in the next to the last round and his only defeat in the final round.
 Junior Championship, Barcelona, 1965 279

He won by a convincing margin at the age of only 17, while in Yugo-

slavia he only had the title of Candidate Master.
After the fifth round Simon withdrew from the final tournament.
Tan of Singapore, playing in the B-final, also withdrew for family
reasons.
oe, 8 CAG esos 10
1 Kurajica {§ Pan, 1. es eee eel | eee Mabe Ge
2 Hartoch NL mek, | Cay A tei Hei
3 Tukmakov USSR OF ef SAMO ATI aL FAS
4 Zwaig N er rh ix Pale Ot ee OO oie
5 Bleiman IL 7 «BOT Be eae Teg B00 ae
6 Schéneberg DDR O ¢ OF 30. 590) (et 43) ade
7 Hubner BRD OLE RAK fealty ieniin patlben tale peta irene wh
8 Farago H Olli Ocul sae ie aM ee eee
9 Bronstein Arg Ssh Or LT eM IG oe SO On? Se PA Se
10 Simon F o.0% GC 0 ..0 AOD 5402.0 tx 4

Final B:
11 Suttles (Canada) 64 16 Egmann (Switzerland) 34
12 Keene (England) 6 17 Makles (France) 34
13 Cordovil (Portugal) 43 18 Jamieson (Scotland) 3
14 Weissbacher (Austria) 4 19 Platzack (Sweden) 1
15 Pedersen (Denmark) 4 (20 Lian Ann Tan)

Final C:
21 Gonzalez (Spain) 6 25 Broman (Finland) 3
22 Bouaziz (Tunisia) 44 26 Brent (Australia) 3
23 Belistri (Uruguay) 4 27 Halfdanarson (Iceland) 2%
24 Capace (Italy) 34 28 Rooze (Belgium) 14

Results of the Preliminary Qualifying Groups:

Two players were to qualify from each section for the Final Champion-
ship Sections. Ties were to be broken on (a) Sonneborn-Berger, (b)
Individual game, (c) number of games won, (d) if all these methods
failed then a coin would be tossed or lots drawn. Keene and Tukmakov
drew lots and ‘Tukmakov pulled the right number out of the hat.

Group A Schéneberg 3, Tukmakov and Keene 23, Cordovil and

Broman 1.
Group B_ Kurajica 4, Bronstein 3, Suttles 14, Platzack 1, Halfdanarson
4.
Group C Hiibner 4, Simon 3, Tan 3, Eggmann 2, Brent 2, Capace 1.
 280 The World Junior Championships

Group D Farago 44, Bleiman 34, Makles 3, Pedersen 2, Belistri 14,

Rooze 3.
Group E Hartoch 43, Zwaig 44, Jamieson 3, Weissbacher 1}, Gon-
zalez 14, Bouaziz 1.
Kurajica-Hiibner P-QN4 13 P-R3 P-QR3 14 Q-KI
eee Q-B2 15 Q-R4 Q-NI 16 P-N4 P-QR4
maar 17 P-B5 Px P 18 KPxP P-R5 19 B-R2
1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 P-KN3 3 P-N5 20 N-Q5 P-N6 21 B-R6! BxB
P-Q4 PxP 4 NxP B-N2 5 N-QB3 22 NxN+ PXN 23 QOxB PXxB? 24
N-QB3 6 B-K3 N-B3 7 B-QB4 Q-R4 N-N5 BxP 25 PxB Q-R2+ 26 K-RI
8 0-0 0-0 9 B-N3 P-Q3 10 P-KR3 KR-K127NxRP 1-0
B-Q2 11 P-B4 QR-QI 12 N-B3!

9 Funor Championship, Ferusalem

August 9-29, 1967
The six-day June war, which broke out prior to this tournament,
made it questionable whether the championship could be held in Israel
at all. Some federations even asked for the tournament to be postponed.
Still, the organizers sent out the invitations, announcing that the
tournament would take place according to plan. Quite a few countries,
however, abstained from sending their representatives.
Three groups with a total of 19 participants played in the prelimin-
aries. The winner was 17-year-old Julio Kaplan, who once again
brought the title back to the other side of the Atlantic.
Final A WG.2 °3 46 SiveGroer?l DGG
1 J. Kaplan PR wot 1 1 ge Vad dee
2 R.D. Keene Eng Fie 40° 40 Se CS ee 53
3 J.Timman WNL 0U$ oe 0 Le eee 5
4. R.Hibner BDR OPPO qhomguisgh 24) oyna
\|
||

5 L. Asplund S $9684 OrOt YOlaae 01 orgy rarreky awd q

6 A.Balshan JL Qilokd Sool Ou iT eabiodenias

1

7 D.Ghizdavu R D5 a) toySaeki Lauer Api sacked ebaik aaa |

1
+)
8 L. Day CDN te Vee 0 Oe a th oe ee 23 |
f
}

9 T. Wibe N Ge ee Oe ee 1 H|
1
|

Final B:
10 S. Matera (USA) 7 15 N. Skalkottas (Greece) 4
11 G. Sigurjonsson (Iceland) 7 16 A. Neuman (Israel) 3}
12 M. Woodhams (Australia) 7 17 V. Jensen (Denmark) 2}
13 A. Lombard (Switzerland) 6 18 C. Cabzude (Uruguay) 24
14 W. Pils (Austria) 44 19 I. Tompuri (Finland) 1
 Junior Championship, Stockholm, 1969 281

Kaplan-Timman
French
1 P-K4 P-K3 2 P-Q4 P-Q4 3 N-QB3
B-N5 4 P-K5 P-QB4 5 Q-N4 N-K2
6 PxP QN-B3 7 B-Q2 N-B4 8 N-B3
BxP 9 B-Q3 0-0 10 B-KN5 Q-N3 11
0-0 Q-N5? 12 Q-R3 P-KR3 13 P-R3
Q-N3 14 BxN KPxB 15 NxP QxP
16 N-B6+! PxN 17 BxBP K-R2 18
Q-R5 1-0
Keene—Ghizdavu R-R1 R-N1 16 Q-Q3 B-B3 17 Q-B2
Réti
Q-K1 18 P-N3 R-R1 19 Q-N2 Q-NI
20 P-K3 N-N3 21 Q-NI1 P-N3 22 N-K1
1 N-KB3 N-KB3 2 P-KN3 P-QN4 Q-N2 23 N-Q3 K-N2 24 N-B5 BxN
3 P-B3! B-N2 4 P-QR4 P-QR3 5 P-Q4 25 PxB N-Q2 26 P-ON4 N-K4 27
P-K3 6 B-N5 P-R3 7 BXN QxB 8 RxR QxXR 28 P-N5 B-K1 29 B-Bl
B-N2 P-049PxPPxP10ORxRBXxR Q-R6 30 P-N6 PxP 31 PxP Q-R1 32
11 Q-N3! B-Q3(127) 12 QxNP+ P-N7 Q-N1 33 Q-N6 N-Q2 34 Q-B6
N-Q2 13 0-0 Q-K2 14 QN-Q2 0-0 15 Q-R2 35 Q-B8 1-0

10 Funor Championship, Stockholm

August 10-30, 1969
After many years of modest results at the junior championships, a
Soviet junior appeared for whom the experts forecast a budding future.
Karpov won with a three-point advantage (only two draws!). Botvinnik
had even earlier spoken of him with great enthusiasm. Although physic-
ally small, Karpov displays great energy when playing. The Soviet
grandmasters also spoke glowingly of him as invincible in rapid-transit
games. Kaplan placed fourth, which only speaks of the strong competi-
tion in the tournament.
A total of 38 players took part. The preliminaries were played in six
groups.
282 The World Funior Championships

Le Zh. oS 56 7. PBA» SpalOneime

1 Karpov USSR x 4 1 Lo detail hls ee —

2 Adorjan AH % x 1 See suas he WE Mhini,

3 Urzica R Gr0 |x POT hon Pee eas i
a
4 Kaplan PR + 4 O i-U LOL Oe eS
5 Andersson S$ 0 4¢ $4 1-108 HLVESO1s.Visa WO
6 Neckar Cz Got £0 il &®.ONMAH at O10 Bee
7 Juhnke BRD On. Oss 4 200.2! xa-7 AG ot Rav
8 Vujatié Yr Us. OF 0 OME SBA OL POSITBe
9 Vogt DDR 0 4 $4 O LO ROM ae KR ALS Lae
10 Diaz C 0 4¢ O + .0 0,40 2, eee
11 McKay Scot Qed} t Din dy Wl uel wae nO ae
12 Castro Col 01/00 .0 Heh
XOO
OM
Om
eH O° 1 0 £ 0 tOehataenes

Final B:
13 Torre (Philippines) 9 19 Williams (England) 54
14 Bouaziz (Tunisia) 8 20 Kristiansen (Denmark) 5
15 Ermenkov (Bulgaria) 8 21 Krotki (Canada) 34
16 Rogoff (USA) 8 22 Craske (Australia) 34
17 Ogaard (Norway) 54 23 Payrhuber (Austria) 3
18 Ligterink (Holland) 54 24 Green (New Zealand) 14

Final C:
This section was run as an eleven-round Swiss tournament.
25 Sznapik (Poland) 8 32 Harandi (Iran) 5}
26 Sumiacher (Argentina) 8 33 Ristoja (Finland) 54
27 Bellon (Spain) 74 34 Meulders (Belgium) 54
28 Moles (Ireland) 74 35 Seret (France) 5
29 Hug (Switzerland) 64 36 Fridjonsson (Iceland) 24
30 Makropoulos (Greece) 64 37 Weber (Luxembourg) 2
31 Uddenfeldt (Sweden) 6 38 Silva (Portugal) 1

Results ofpreliminary groups were as follows :

Group A Kaplan 4}, Neckar 4, Craske 3, Williams 3, Moles 3,
Uddenfeldt 24, Silva 1.
Group B Karpov 44, McKay 4, Payruhber 34, Torre 34, Hug 3 ?
Sznapik 2, Fridjonsson 4.
Group C Andersson 44, Urzica 3}, Rogoff 3, Green 2, Bellon 1,
Meulders 1.
Group D Castro 44, Adorjan 34, Kristiansen 24, Krotki 2, Weber 14,
Sumiacher 1.
 Junior Championship, Athens, 1971 283

Group E Juhnke and Vuja¢ié 3, Ligterink 24, Bouaziz 24, Ristoja 2,

Harandi 2.
Group F Diaz and Vogt 34, Ogaard 24, Ermenkov 24, Seret 2, Makro-
poulos 1.

Juhnke-Karpov N-B5 P-Q4 10 BxN PxB 11 NxB+

Ruy Lopez
QxN 12 R-K1 R-K1 13 P-KB3 N-Q3
14 P-ON3 N-B4 15 B-R3 Q-N4
1 P-K4 P-K4 2 N-KB3 N-QB33B-N5 16 B-N2 N-R5 17 Q-K2 P-KB3 18
P-OR3 4 B-R4 N-B3 5 P-Q4 PxP6 Q-B2 B-R6 19 P-KN4 PxP 20 N-Q2
0-0 B-K2 7 P-K5 N-K58NxP0-09 QxN! 0-1

11 Junior Championship, Athens

July 25-August 14, 1971

Greece agreed to organize this championship and thus helped FIDE to

solve the problem at the last minute. A record number of participants
was set: 44 juniors from 43 countries. ‘The preliminaries were divided
into six groups, 4 composed of 7 players and 2 of 8 players.
The victory of the Swiss representative was unexpected, as was the
standing of Soviet Grandmaster Vaganian. The favourites were the
Hungarian Olympic-player Ribli and the eminent American chess-
player Rogoff.
It is interesting to note that at the previous championship in Stock-
holm, Werner Hug took only fifth place in the C-final group, and by
i}
4
1]
Athens he had become the World Champion!

L 2 Bh Sis?) Ste OV L7PQCBIE-G) OTP EE GI?

1 Hug CH & seknie dd tt edt! lok thaill 0 ards 04 CObie 8)
2 Ribli H See kk Ok ek LO ek eee O
3 Rogoff SOUR aD, ih ih eg Pe LTR TAU, Ue aa TOS Oe OyTe Fe
4 Torre PI 41B 0) tee oe cees FP al Pela UL wot
mevaganianm Coole) Oso ilecds Ko here” Of pie i} 64
6 Borngiasser BRD Opt PYOSDA 6& MOMTSEIOR woke PEE Se 1 RSS
7 Pinal fy) + 0.0 ¢ 1. "0... x. Deas Ii wibeiede V 5
8 Hausner Cz Ek ott boutHusa SoM bliba |Reid ochre death Lig gS tabs EeeaNe | 5
9 Ogaard WN OM KOs aay Os: LEO OO Se)’ OR eh et
10 Barle x Dee Aa weOy Od, YOM HE eyed vl 4
11 Poutiainen SF FORE O Oi Qi Oy OM OCF OKT 24
(
| 12 Haik F Omit onderk 10 de p kad, £0).4 0 e'0.4 x92
284 The World Junior Championships

Final B:
13 L. Leow (Singapore) 8 19 R. G. Dieks (Holland) 5
14S. Wach (Poland) 7% 20 P. M. Zabala (Spain) 5
15 J.O. Hansen (Denmark) 74 21 R. Jamieson (Australia) 44
16 J. Biriescu (Romania) 64 22 D. Cox (Ireland) 4
17 L. Piasetski (Canada) 6 23 A. Herzog (Austria) 34
18 C. de Villiers (S. Africa) 54 24 O. Castro Rojas (Colombia) 3
Final C:
25 A. Lev (Israel) 8 31 R. Bellin (England) 64
26 L. Weber (Luxembourg) 74 32 M. Rosenberg (Scotland) 54
27 K. Kaiszauri (Sweden) 7 33 J. Cruz (Portugal) 44
28 R. Capello (Italy) 7 34 K. G. Shirazi (Iran) 34
29 M. Roofthoofd (Belgium) 7 35 J. Buscio (Uruguay) 23
30 G. Haigh (Wales) 64 36 C. Vassiadis (Cyprus) 4
Final D:
37 G. Makropoulos (Greece) 7 41 R. Kwan (Hong Kong) 3
38 Karakasoglou (Greece) 44 42 A. Gatt (Malta) 2}
39 C. Adad (Argentina) 44 43 N. Gresh (Lebanon) 14
40 A. Ipek (Turkey) 4 44 V. Serrano (Venezuela) 1

The six preliminary groups — 4 of 7 and 2 of 8 players — resulted as

follows:
Group A Vaganian 5}, Ogaard 4, Jamieson 34, Cox 3, Bellin and
Kaiszauri 24, Adad 0.
Group B Rogoff 54, Hug 44, Biriescu and Rojas 4, Cruz and Rooft-
hoofd 14, Ipek 0.
Group C' Ribli 53, Poutiainen 44, Herzog 4, De Villiers 34, Haigh 34,
Rosenberg 3, Makropoulos 24, Gatt 1}.
Group D ‘Torre 5, Pinal 44, Dieks 4, Hansen 3, Lev 24, Shirazi 14,
Kwan 4.
Group E Barle 53, Haik 5, Piasetski and Wach 4}, Capello 44, Weber
24, Karakasoglou 14, Pena 0.
Group F Hausner 53, Borngasser 5, Leow 4, Zabala 3, Buscio 14,
Vassiadis 1, Gresh 1.

Hug-Vaganian 6 0-O KN-K2 7 R-K1 0-0 8 QN-Q2

rer al Q-B2 9 P-QR4 P-O4 10 PxP NxP
King’s Indian Attack 11 N-B4 P-N3 12 P-B3 B-N2 13 N-N5
1 P-K4 P-K3 2 P-Q3 P-QB4 3 N-KB3 QR-Ql 14 Q-N4 P-KR3 15 N-B3 7

N-QB3 4 P-KN3 P-KN3 5 B-N2 B-N2 P-K4 16 Q-R4 P-KN4 17 BxP PxB é
¢
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 Junior Championship, Teesside, 1973 285

18 NX KNP KR-KI 19 BxN RxB 20 R-K1 K-Q3 35 Q-N5 Q-BI 36 P-KB4

N-K3 Q-Q1 21 Q-R7+ K-BI1 22 Q-R5 PxP 37 RXR+ BxR 38 PxP N-B4
R-Q2 23 N-B5 R-B2 24 R-K4 B-Bl 25 39 RXP Q-KRI 40 P-R5 K-B3 41
N-R7+ K-N1 26 N-R6+ BXxN 27 Q-N6 N-Q5 42 PxN QxQP+ 43
QxB P-B4 28 N-B6+ K-B2 29NxR K-N2 QxNP+ 44 K-N3 K-Q3 45
KxN 30 R-R4 K-Q2 31 Q-N6 N-K2 R-R6 Q-Q5 46 Rx P+ K-B2 47 QxB
32 R-R7 R-B3 33 QxP+ R-K3 34 1-0

12 Fumor Championship, Teesside

July 16-August 4, 1973
After over two decades, England was again organizer of the world
youth championship. This especially pleased the hosts, for they had
hopes in two great talents who have appeared in Britain — Tony Miles
and Michael Stean. But, judging from the results he had had up to then,
Alexander Belyavsky (USSR) was the main favourite. A record number
of 50 young players from 48 countries (including two representatives of
the host country and two players from Scotland, whose second player
was included to make the number of players even) took part in the
tournament.
In the preliminaries the participants were divided into two groups,
playing seven rounds according to the Swiss system. The first six from
each group qualified for the final ‘A’ Group. Then the following six
(7th to 12th places) from each preliminary group qualified for the final
‘B’ Group, and the players who classified from 13th to 18th places quali-
fied for ‘C’ Group, the remaining players in final ‘D’ Group.
This was the new system of playing the youth championship which
had been adopted at the FIDE Congress.
No major surprises were forthcoming in the preliminaries, the finalists
being all the favourites: Belyavsky, the two Britons, Larry Christiansen,
(USA), and others. But, in the final ‘A’ Group, Miles fired a sensation
by beating Belyavsky, and the second English representative followed
suit four rounds later. Yugoslavia’s representative, Marjanovic, was in
the lead up to the penultimate round, and only his duel in the last
round with Belyavsky decided the new World Champion. Belyavsky
won the decisive game, winning five games running in the finish.
England’s representative, Tony Miles, won second place winning
four games running in the finish. This was the biggest success which
England had since the Youth World Championship in 1951.
286 The World Funior Championships
Final Group A
lq 293 8 9 101112 S-B
1 A. Belyavsky USSR x 0 0 1 394
2 A. J. Miles Eng byt 1
3 M. Stean Eng bywoux
4 L. Christiansen USA 0 4 4
5 S. Marjanovié !& 0 1 4
6 N. Bloch SA 04 1
7 L. Leow S + 0 0
8 J. Cooper W 0 4 0
9 R. Dieks Holl OO 0 0
10 I. Biriescu R 0 4 4
11 H. Momen Roudsari J 0 0 0
12 J. Freile E 040 -0 me
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In the final ‘B? Group, the players placed as follows :

13 Spacek (Czechoslovakia) 8} 19 Ehrenfeucht (Poland) 54
14 McPhail (Canada) 7 20 Seidler (Argentina) 54
15 Roervall (Sweden) 64 21 Muniz (Puerto Rico) 5
16 Akkary (Lebanon) 6 22 Gudmundsson (Iceland) 5
17 Scheichel (Austria) 54 23 Campos Ruiz (Mexico) 4
18 Podzielny (W. Germany) 54 24 Kernan (Ireland) 2
The placings in the final ‘C’ Group:
25 Sheinwald (Israel) 8 31 Semokoff (Norway) 54
26 G. Garcia (Colombia) 8 32 Pascual (Philippines) 5
27 Nieto (Spain) 74 33 Melrose (Australia) 5
28 Ammann (Switzerland) 64 34 Balmer (Scotland) 4
29 Weber (Luxembourg) 6 35 Tanner (Finland) 2%
30 Oney (Turkey) 54 36 Knochel (Denmark) 24
The remaining fourteen competed in the final ‘D’ Group, in which
eleven rounds were played according to the Swiss system. The placings
were as follows:

37 Sinclair (Scotland) 10 44 Yu Jun Hi (Jamaica) 5

38 Doucet (France) 8 45 Kwan Ka-Kin (Hong Kong) 44
39 Gavrilakis (Greece) 7} 46 Lauri (Malta) 44
40 Jonghe (Belgium) 64 47 Gibellato (Italy) 44
41 Brunings (Venezuela) 6 48 'T. Knight (Guernsey) 4
42 Santos (Portugal) 5 49 R. De Castro (Andorra) 34
43 R. Camps (Trinidad & 50 Strugo (Rhodesia) 3
Tobago) 5
In the preliminaries the participants were divided into two groups.
 Junior Championship, Teesside, 1973 287

Preliminary Group A:
Belyavsky 64, Miles 6, Leow 44, Cooper 4, Christiansen 4, Dieks 4,
Scheichel 4, Campos Ruiz 4, Spacek 4, Muniz 4, Ehrenfeucht 4,
Akkary 4, Tanner 34, Ammann 3, Nieto 3, Oney 3, Melrose 3,
Garcia 3, Gibellato 3, Gavrilakis 24, Ka-Kin 2, R. de Castro 2,
Campos 14, Yu Jun Hi 1.
Preliminary Group B:
Bloch 5, Stean 5, Biriescu 5, Marjanovié 44, Freile 44, Momen Roud-
sari 44, Podzielny 44, Kernan 44, Seidler 4, McPhail 4, Roervall 4,
Gudmundsson 4, Pascual 34, Knochel 34, Sheinwald 3, Weber 3,
Balmer 3, Semokoff 3, Jonghe 3, Doucet 3, Sinclair 24, Brunings 23,
Struge 24, Lauri 24, Santos 2, Knight 4.
Here are two interesting games from this competition.

A. Belyavsky-R. Dieks A. Belyavsky-A. Miles

Sicilian Sicilian
1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 P-Q3 3 P-Q4 1 P-K4 P-QB4 2 N-KB3 P-Q3 3 P-Q4
PxP 4NxP N-KB3 5 N-QB3 P-QR3 PxP4NxP N-KB3 5 N-QB3 P-KN3
6 P-QR4 P-K3 7 B-K2 B-K2 8 0-0 6 B~K3 B-N2 7 P-B3 0-0 8 Q-Q2 N-B3
Q-B2 9 P-B4 P-QN3 10 B-B3 B-N2 9 B-QB4 B-Q2 10 B-N3 NXN11BXxN
11 P-K5 PxP 12 Px PKN-Q2 13 BxB P-QN4 12 P-KR4 P-QR4 13 P-R4
QxB 14 Q-N4 B-B4 15 K-RI! BxXN PxP 14NxP P-K4 15 B-K3 B-K3 16
16 QxB N-QB3 17 Q-K4 N2xP N-N6 R-N1 17 N-B4 P-Q4 18 NxRP
18 B-B4 N-N3 19 B-Q6 R-QI1 20 P-Q5 19 B-N5 BxB 20 N xB Q-N3 21
QR-Q1 R-Q2 21 B-R3 N/B3-K2? 22 Q-Q3 N-R4 22 P-N4 N-B5 23 BxN
RxRQxXR 23 Q-R8+ Q-B1 24 Q-R7 PxB 24 P-R5 KR-BI 25 PxP RPxP
P-B4 25 QxNP K-B2 26 N-K4 QxP 26 R-KR2 R-B3 27 R-K2 Q-QI1 28
27 N-N5+ K-B3 28 BXN+ NxB 29 0-0-0 Q-N3 29 K-N1 B-K4 30 R-R2
QxKP+ KxN 30 QXN+ K-R3 31 Q-N5 31 Q-BI Q-R5 32 Q-R3 R-R1
Q-K3+ K-N3 32 Q-K6+ K-N4 33 33 R-Q3 R3-R3 34 Q-R7+ K-BI 35
P-R4+ Kx P34RxPR-K1 35 R-B4+ Q-R6+ B-N2 36 Q-R8+ BxQ 37
K-N4 36 Q-N4+ K-R3 37 Q-R4+ RXxB+ K-N2 38 RxRRxR39RXxP
K-N3 38 Q-N3+ 1-0 Q-N4 40 R-Q3 R-R1I 0-1
12 The Regional Competitions
The European Team Championships

The European Team Championships are held under the auspices of

FIDE, and were founded with the idea of filling the gap in the years
between the chess olympiads with team competition on ten boards. The
European Championships, in a certain sense, are a more interesting
and reliable criterion for judging the strength of certain teams than
the Olympiads which are played on only four boards.
The European Championship quickly gained prestige and affirma-
tion among FIDE’s competitions, so that the idea was adopted on the
American continent, where continental team and individual tourna-
ments have just been announced.
Qualification competitions according to groups are organized,
depending upon the number of participants, prior to the final section of
the European Team Championship.

Vienna-—Baden 1957 ] 2 3 4
1 USSR Xx 6 4 8} 64 74 8} 41
2 Yugoslavia 4.6 x 44 64 6 7 34
3 Czechoslovakia 14 34 54 34 Xx 5 5} 244
4 W Germany 24 14 4 3 5 4 x 204

The First European Championship was held in Baden and Vienna

from August 22 to 28, 1957. Only four teams took part in the final com-
petition, playing two-lap matches on ten boards. The victory of the
Yugoslav team in the second round against the Soviet Union by a score
of 6-4 created a sensation. The result was never again repeated by the
Yugoslav team.
 The European Team Championships 289

Oberhausen 1961
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 USSR Se hl a hate ON alta eeie Stes 7 PEED oes Dd 744
2 Yugoslavia ee oe ee Oe Be Or ae OLS Oba rie as 584
3 Hungary a a ok Rk, oe Se OF) OF OOF 53
4 Czechoslovakia 23 14 4 4 14 54 xk x 6 5 64 4 41
5 E Germany Sip234°3) SE 44k. 4 5 x x 4h OCU 374
6 Spain Lentbottand» 2ro3to 34) 6.54), 6 Sox 354

The Second European Championship was held in Oberhausen from

June 21 to July 3, 1961. It was also played in two laps, but six teams
entered the finals. As usual, there was no doubt about who would take
first place. The greatest suspense at the European Championship,
like at the Olympiads, centres on the struggle for second place. In the
last round the Hungarians started off with a half point advantage, but
the Yugoslav team overpowered them and easily took second place.

Hamburg 1965
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 USSR We rot Pith 4tenGt-a Gt 0bie Od lky Tisens 06
2 Yugoslavia Pri GusiOny TegOlger OB GIG, FoqglOgs Ns 657
3 Hungary 4 53 54 5k x 46 Sh 6 GE 6 6 57
4. W Germany BL Sebel Shit tian Ode Ab Bi GEY Fs007 46
5 Romania Po ch aN Pas WET eee Me Rt Oi se PE
6 Holland PCB TROL 4A) eS tiatelr do 5 334
The Third Championship was held in Hamburg from June 6 to 16,
1965. It was a bitter struggle for second place. Finally, Yugoslavia and
Hungary ended the competition with the same number of points. The
Yugoslavs took second place on the basis of point evaluation at
individual boards.

Kapfenberg 1970 1 2°, 3% 4”5 ‘“6o4aAge $

1 USSR x 6 8 64 7 7 8 QE 52h
2 Hungary 34 x 5k 44 64 74 74 7 41
3 E. Germany Pe eae oe SOD Bem Ora On Foose
4 Yugoslavia 34 53 5 x 44 44 «7 TE 37h
5 Czechoslovakia 3 Se es 5k ey SEB 8h, 87
6 Bulgaria 3 34 4 5h 44 x 53 8 34
7 Spain Peres eee 2 eee OX Os US
8 Denmark a6 ae le 2 ae KB

The Fourth Championship was held in Kapfenberg (Austria) from

May 9 to 19, 1970, with eight teams taking part. The final result meant
 290 The Regional Competitions

a fiasco for the Yugoslav team, one of the greatest failures in Yugoslav
chess in the postwar period. For the first time the Yugoslav team did not
win a single medal and took only fourth place.

Bath 1973 dt, 2t 3 4 39588 6 afievele

1 USSR xX 3 5S St SE 64 54 °°7> 404
2 Yugoslavia 23 x 44 6 64 44 44 5b 34
3 Hungary 3. 34 Xx 64 5$ 5h 5$ 34 33
4 Poland 2h Sut lteu Ob 4 wid aad os
5 W. Germany 2h, 1h, 244, 3.x. 744) 4h ee
6 England 1 33 24 4 34 x 44 44 24
7 Romania 24). 3k, 245.24. 34), .34. 3 5) ao
8 Switzerland 1s.) 2h: 144, 1944.26. 5SE ly bon BOE

The 5th European Team Championship was held at Bath from

July 6 to 13, 1973. For the first time England, Switzerland and Poland
qualified for the finals, which is a success in itself for these teams.
The Soviet team, with four former World Champions, triumphed
once again. To follow tradition, the battle for second place was
between Yugoslavia and Hungary. In the penultimate round Switzer-
land unleashed a surprise by beating Hungary, which only had to put
its hand on the silver medal. Only in the last round was the battle for
second place resolved in favour of the Yugoslav team.
The best players on the first board were Spassky and Gligorié with
9 points out of a possible 7; on the second Petrosian and Ivkov with 44
out of 7; on the third Ljubojevié with 5} out of 7; on the fourth Karpov
with 5 out of 6; on the fifth Csom with 54 out of 7; on the sixth Smyslov
with 4 out of 5; on the seventh Geller with 44 out of 5; on the eighth Sax
with 4 out of 6.
On the first board, Hartston scored a sound result by drawing all
seven games.

European Funior Championship

This competition was officially introduced at the FIDE Congress of
1970. The first championship was held from December 20, 1971 to
January 7, 1972 in the Dutch city of Groningen. There were 30 partici-
pants from 28 countries. At first seven preliminary rounds were played
 Pan-American Team Championship 291

under the Swiss System, then three times ten players were sliced off in
the Finals A, B, and C.
Results in the final were: Sax 7, Borngasser (W. Germany), Velikov
(Bulgaria), and Kaiszuri (Sweden) 6, Marjanovié (Yugoslavia) 43,
Gorchakov (USSR) 4, Pujol (Spain) 34, Hansen (Denmark) 3, Stean
(England) and Natalucci (Italy) 2.
Results of the 2nd European Junior Championship (Groningen, December 1972-
January 1973) were as follows: O. Romanishin (USSR) 74, A. Miles
(England) 64, S. Buchal (W. Germany) and A. Urzica (Romania) 5},
P. Spacek (Czechoslovakia) and QC. Ballon (Holland) 34, S.
Marjanovié (Yugoslavia) and R. Dieks (Holland) 3, B. Kernan
(Ireland) 24.
There were 30 participants from 28 countries.

Pan-American Team Championship

In 1971, the North and South American Federations began to
organize their own individual and team competitions for the American
continent. The first Team Championship was held in the Argentinian
town of Tucuman, from October 30 to November 9, 1971. Argentina
scored a superior victory as can be seen from the table.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 Argentina x A Ales At 4.09135 254
2 Cuba 0 Se Onn Pear ote SS 2 8340, #5 174
3 Brazil Roe 2:5) OX Z ty Madre! iis avs 16
4 Chile 0 1 2 5hey Sen ams are pe 4 16
5 Paraguay SeopeO-oa slg iso aX 3 3 2 114
6 Uruguay 0 Ppi-Sa Orda tcl x 2eoy OS 94
7 Ecuador O68 .0-5) d:5k& H 19° (5 Sex 3 84
8 Bolivia 05 1 2 0 2 ] ] x 73

In this tournament 8 teams competed, each with four players. Panno

and Quinteros (both Argentina) played 7 games each and won them
all.
 13 International Correspondence Chess Federation

The first International Federation for Correspondence Chess was

founded in 1927 under the name Internationaler Fernschachbund
(IFSB), but encompassed only correspondence chess players from
Europe. It was only in 1946 that the IFSB became a world organization
of correspondence chess under the name International Correspondence
Chess Federation (ICCF).
The President of the ICCF, who has held this post since 1960, is Hans
Werner von Massow, Hamburg 19, Ottersbekallee 21.
The ICCF Tournament Director-Treasurer since 1945, is Erik
Larsson, Avagen 4, S 29042 Nymdlla, Sweden.
A system of competition was established after World War II for the
world championship and titles were introduced to be awarded for
achievements at correspondence chess competitions.
The first Correspondence World Championship was held from
May 1, 1950 to March 31, 1953. The winner was the Australian C. J. S.
Purdy, who automatically earned the title of Grandmaster of Corres-
pondence Chess.

1 If2 3°04 5.6 77.8 9210 IT 12 Ione

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2 Malmgren S eX 1 FOSS OD 1 Sh ae
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10 Balogh H “F (OOO OUP rae: Pox) Ope Pe
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 International Correspondence Chess Federation 293

The second championship was held from January 1, 1956 to

February 30, 1958. The winner this time was Soviet Grandmaster
Vyacheslav Ragozin, renowned for his success in over-the-board chess.

2 ye 2 3 4°) 5° 617. & 9 10 11 12 18 14 15

PAP Ragokin ! Pgsei x§ ut hea) 1 PET epee 1)
P ifeddeding, 1Am® 1 uxt go a p11 PP 1, pee 0}
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4 A. Lundqvist S Had Of Pein yp 2 0%%01! PON er
5 S.Kjellander S$ GF pe te Sig o® 1 Mey) 1) peiguty he,
6 E. Arnlind S eo © bse. 4) 1d 381 4 peer As
7 Dr Napolitano J HON OF PP axe'h P0405 0. POR BL
6 DeyibainphsHx § 0 of OO x Ob OA & bo 1% hs POP a
9 B. Koch DOR! & OF OF O OPO) EF x 1: Pe OEP! 6
10 J. Jezek C2 OP CORE 1.0 6 281 CORT YG
11 F. Batik ch it 0.0) # # 041.3, 0 08x Pee eno 1 54
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15 A.Laustsn Dk 000000000%40001x

In the finals of the third championship (February 1, 1959 to

February 1, 1962), the winner was again a Grandmaster — the Belgian
Alberic O’Kelly, who also now had the title of Grandmaster in Cor-
respondence Chess.

3 pa

1 O’Kelly 2B
2 Dubinin USSR
3 Lundqvist S 53
7 Salm Aus 5
5 Napolitano J ou

6 Secchi Arg 5
7 Endzelins Aus
8 Kjellander S$
9 Balogh H
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 294 International Correspondence Chess Federation

The Soviet master Zagorovsky lost not a single game in winning the
fourth championship, held from February 1, 1962 to March 1,
1965.

& ly 25 Sp 4 5o 6 7 8 “9101120
1 V. Zagorovsky USSR Xio$) ted ls 45) lypbisl od pbeeloray Se
2 G. Borisenko USSR tx & & le 4; | da) dus ee
3 R. Arlauskas Aus tHtsx & lp that 0 Bedell ee
4 S. Nyman S O mae X HH 4+ £24 hivedbel FS
5 P. Dubinin USSR On On dd; eclgr 490 Le ee
6 J. Coolen B he die 9) hy Ope Xp-0) 2, Did Oe eee
7 A. Tolush USSR O. Of 45 2) .-0) 1, X $1.0 odode de BeBe
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11 Dr V. Bergraser F O, 0. 2, O) O Ip 4 gol 0 xgOalg &
12 N. Dalké H 0; .0).0) Oy d: dy Ond91 Qui Hee
13 M. C. Salm Aus +4+04%40%4%34030+%34 x 4

The American correspondence player Hans Berliner recorded a con-

vincing victory in the fifth world championship (April 1, 1965-
February 1, 1968), without a single defeat and with a three-point
advantage.

5 12 3 45 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
1 H. Berliner USA ee ee ee ee me Ce ere
2 J. Hybl Cz t4X 12Ge8, Jul. OFF tba ed aioe + 11
3 K. Husak Cz Ox 0° $¢ OL. 1 2 $8 2 eee
4 V. Zagorovsky USSR #igi*«t4ti12%41%3% 0 74h wp
5 H.de Carbonnel BRD © + it tx § 4 2 4 1 BS 1 he + 10
6 Dr M. Abramson USSR BON tt & 1 4. 404 le ee 94
7 L. Endzelins Aus $00 4¢°3°0 X ¢ FP 1°O "4S eee
8 J. Nielsen Dk o2°O 0F3°0 4 X 2 610s RY {Lone
9 Dr J. Richter Cz 02'0 440% x £13 1 & Peas 7t
10 Dr Y Rokhlin USSR 0 #8 £04 0% & x} O01 & O4foas 7t
11 R. Altschuler USSR 008 8424 1.0 4. 4.% Bal Ligne 7t
12 W. Stern DDR 0 4,0 £.0°O 4 $0 4 °2%0 407 tae
13 Y. Estrin USSR 0 0°0 270 9% 3 0 ¢ Of0 1% OORT se
14 K. C. Messere Eng 000 150 % 0 0 0 $4.0 8 x OFT 5t
15 A. Ericson AY 0010 400003 1 140 1 xen e
16 S. Nyman Ss 000tt FOF CO O0OO0001x1 4
17 G. Borisenko USSR 0 ¢ 0.0°%4 4.0.0 Dore D 6 Oar oF 2t
 International Correspondence Chess Federation 295

The sixth world championship, held between July 15, 1968 and
June 30, 1971, ended with the victory of Horst Rittner of East Germany.
6 In 2. 3 iyi —

1-H, Rittner DDR bias 2 ea |

2 V. Zagorovsky USSR 4 x 4
3 Y. Estrin USSR Quis, xX
4 E. Thiele DDR 0 0 0
5 G. K. Sanakoev USSR 4+ 4 4
6 J. V. Kellner Aus 0 41
7 D. Stern BRD 0 0 4
8 J. Hybl Cz + + 0
9 R. Kauranen SF + 0 0
10 S. Nyman Ss 0 0 4
11 H. de Carbonnel BRD 0 40
12 N. Karker BRD 0 0 0
13 J. Ljungdahl S 00 1
14 R. Sevecek Cz + 00
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There are also team championship competitions (Olympiads) in cor-

respondence chess. Like the individual tournaments, they are preceded
by preliminary qualification competitions.
The first Correspondence Chess Olympiad was held from 1949
to March 31, 1952. The Hungarian team won.
1 CC Olympiad 1 2 4
1 Hungary x 34 2.2
2 Czechoslovakia 24 xX 2
3 Sweden 2 32 on
OON
PO
ya
4 Portugal 24 4
5 Argentina lt = 4
6 Italy 1424 Ot
oo
7 Peru 0 x 74
The second Olympiad was played from May 1, 1952 to January
31, 1955. The Czechoslovak team were the winners.

2 CC Olympiad Id 2 5 4 5
1 Czechoslovakia oe 23 BH tS
2 Sweden a 4 4 42
3 W. Germany 34 2 x 3b 3}
4 USA 24 2 23 x 3h
5 Hungary 3 14h 23 241x
6 Norway 23 23 282
7 France 14 14 l Hi 3
8 India 0 4 0 ii. 1
296 International Correspondence Chess Federation

The Soviet team won in the finals of the third Olympiad, which
was played from January 1, 1958 to September 30, 1961.

3,CO Olvmpmad’ SE 2 2a ee ee Go) 7 oe

1 USSR X 62 43¢ 4h)x4 64) 3h n25s Simei 5d
2 Hungary 4 RS OP te 4) a ee eee
3 Yugoslavia 2614 5X 034% °44 3h o9l Vol eee
4 Sweden If 3¢ 53 UXOlS 62k) 4 9 Dee
0: W.Germanys 22 «20% udna% 14; 2 34 44 4 28
6 Argentina 1g £2 Oly S3d0° 2 «x? 321 4b oe
7 Australia 24 11$ 02¢ pQiph 24 & UBh BBA eed
8 Czechoslovakia 1 3 23 24 21 12 23 x 3 23 21
9 Norway L 32402 03¢,01f 2, 3. (Xeueeenae
10 USA 27 Pg So Clty’ 2 od, 85 Sk Cae
Once again the Soviet team excelled in the fourth Olympiad,
which was held from October 1, 1961 to May 31, 1964.
4 CC Olympiad ee ee ee gee ed
1 USSR x oe 4 3 oe Oe Vo ey eG
2 E. Germany SE ae ae a oe oe ere
3 Sweden 14 3 xX 2 5 3h 4, 34 44 273
4 W. Germany Is lp 3$4ex 32) 44 3 doeeuagor
5 Hungary Io, 3h 1 3d 4x: 34; BidevSlendeeee
6 Yugoslavia 2b 3. 23014 2h &k> 34) 3 Bi?
7 Spain lL. 2329 243448 , 23: Xo Sigehheele
8 Argentina Bb’ 2$¢ 235 2°58) 8 3) jieadeeore
9 Denmark bo 4) 14603 48, 2b, 12) Thy Sepa
Czechoslovakia regained the title in the fifth Olympiad, held from
April 1, 1965 to January 31, 1968.
3 CC Olympiad ly 260) €% Da 04 w Oo
1 Czechoslovakia x 4 2) 4) 3 44 Sniedgr5 O91g
2 USSR 2° XS 3h 3h 36 5» dblevblendomgo
3 W. Germany 3¢ 3) X 2h 3 «644 5k 644 3) 298
4 E. Germany 2 23 33 x 3 34 4 4 #4 262
5 Sweden | OX OY.38 SE x 8 23 eee
6 Great Britain lg: Ho 1g) 28 3 x 2) Siedeaizo
7 Australia a 1S 46 28 4 32 x 38 vag
8 USA I® li iff 2i 3 23 3 x eBpemis
9 Turkey 1: 2) 83) 20 1 If 3h 2) pebelos
 Titles for Correspondence Chess 297

The Soviet team were the winners of the sixth Olympiad, held
from August 1, 1968 to February 15, 1972.

6 CC Olympiad 1 A QsereBa hot wie Boke Fei ys ch

1 USSR x 44 5 5 44 5 44 5 44 38
2 Czechoslovakia 1} x 3h 34 4 3 +4 44 «44 «283
3 E. Germany 1 24x«K 3h 44 44524) 4 3 (253
4 Romania 1 24 23 x 3 34 34 3 2k 214
5 Australia IF) 2ubvhbvad 2 xKeORish2. (etek
6 Yugoslavia LD 3 volgn2$0 SEX eBo “Qh 13404204
7 Argentina 14 2 34 24 14 3 x 24 4 = 203
8 Iran I if, 2, 3 4. 3k 2b x{E 220820
9 W. Germany Pei) Tepsep |,SRCEL2) BOS OZ havo}

Titles for Correspondence Chess

The ICCF has established regulations for awarding the titles of Inter-
national Master and Grandmaster in Correspondence Chess. ‘The title
is awarded according to successes by players in the World Correspond-
ence Chess Championship and other ICCF competitions. At the
recommendation of the ICCF, FIDE registers these titles at its
congresses.
Here is a list of IGCF Grandmasters and international masters as of
the end of 1973.

International Correspondence Chess Grandmasters

Australia: Q. J. S. Purdy (1953), L. Endzelins (1959), R. Arlauskas
(1965).
Belgium: A. O’Kelly.
Czechoslovakia: K. Husak (1968),J.Hybl (1968).
E. Germany: H. Rittner (1961), Dr F. Baumbach (1973).
W. Germany: L. Schmid, Dr H. W. Diinhaupt (1973).
Italy: Dr M. Napolitano (1953).
Switzerland: J. Steiner (1973).
Sweden: A. Lundquist (1962), E. Arnlind (1968).
USA: H. Berliner (1968).
USSR: I. Bondarevsky (1961), P. Dubinin (1962), G. Borisenko
(1965). V. Zagorovsky (1965), Y. Estrin (1966), M. Yudovich
(1972), A. I. Hasin (1972), Morozov (1973).
 298 International Correspondence Chess Federation

International CC Grandmasters (Deceased): V. Ragozin (URS R MRE

Malmgren (Sweden), O. Barda (Norway).

International Correspondence Chess Masters :

Argentina: E. Secchi (1961), G. Bartis (1967).
Australia: M. QC. Salm (1962), J. V. Kellner (1968), G. Koshnitsky
(1972), K. Ozols (1972).
Austria: L. Watzl (1953),J.Giesenbrecht (1973).
Belgium: J. Coolen (1965).
Bulgaria: G. Popov (1970), P. Angelov (1973).
Canada: Dr F. Bohatirchuk (1967), A. Siklos (1968), Z. Vranesié
(1972/3).
Czechoslovakia: F. Batik (1959), J. Jezek (1959), Dr J. Richter (1967),
M. Weiner (1967), F. Smrcka (1968), J. Snajdr (1968), J. Sevetek
(1969),J.Zapletal (1969), M. Urbanec (1971),J.Nun (1971).
Denmark : M. Christensen (1963), J. Nielsen (1967),J. Sloth (1973).
England: G. Mitchell (1953), Dr C. S. Hunter (1967), K. C. Messere
(1968), K. B. Richardson (1968), C. H. O’D Alexander (1970), A. S.
Hollis (1970).
Finland: R. Kauranen (1970), U. Venalainen (1973).
France: Dr V. Bergraser (1959), G. Javelle (1971).
E. Germany: B. Koch (1959), H. Béttger (1967), W. Stern (1967), H.
Tiemann (1967), E. Thiele (1970), S. Landgraf (1971), L. Gaertig
(1971).
W. Germany :H. de Carbonnel (1965), K. Engel (1966), P. Heilemann
(1967), J. Priiss (1967), H. Karker (1968), M. Madler (1968), F
Grzeskowiak (1970), I. Schiitt (1970), D. Stern (1971), H. Heemsoth
(1972).
Hungary: DrJ.Balogh (1953), E. Haag (1961), M. Dalko (1965),G
Barcza (1966), I. Bottlik (1967), S. Brilla~Banfalvi (1967), L
Barczay (1973).
Indonesia: Lim Hong Gie (1965).
Mongolia: 'T. Uitumen (1973).
Netherlands: K. D. Mulder van Leens Dijkstra (1968), C. Groeneveld
(1970), A. den Ouden (1971).
Pakistan: Iqbal Ahmed (1965).
Romania: E. Costea (1971), S. Samarian (1973).
Sweden: S. Kjellander (1959), S. Isakson (1961), Z. Nilsson (1961),
A. Ericson (1964), E. G. Svensson (1964), S. mati! (1965), J.
Ljungdahl (1971), F. Ekstrém (1971).
 Titles for Correspondence Chess 299

Turkey: F. Atabek (1968).

USA: N. Preo (1967), W. Muir (1971).
USSR: L. Maseyev (1964), A. Konstatinopolsky (1966), Dr M.
Abramson (1967), R. Altschuler (1967), Y. Rokhlin (1967), J.
Klovans (1968), F. M. Filzer (1969), N. Kopilov (1969), D. Lapienis
(1970), V. Mikenas (1970), J. J. Murei (1970), A. Uogele (1970),
I, Vistanetskis (1970), Y. Krimer (1971), V. Milvydas (1971), Y. I.
Neistadt (1971), J. N. Sakharov (1971), G. K. Sanakoev (1971),
O. L. Moiseyev (1971), O. Rubtsova (1972), A. Silberger (1973).
Yugoslavia: S. Letié (1961), M. Vesovié (1961), M. Jovéié (1964),
M. Trajkovié (1967), M. Berta (1971),J.Kondali (1973).
International CC’ Masters (Deceased): V. Borsony (Czechosl.), C. H. O’D
Alexander, Dr S. Fazekas (England), V. Simagin and A. Tolush
(USSR).
 14 The Permanent FIDE Commission
for Chess Compositions

The Commission for Chess Compositions functions independently

within the framework of FIDE. According to established regulations,
it confers the titles of International Grandmaster for Chess Composi-
tions, International Master for Chess Compositions and International
Arbiter for Chess Compositions, which are registered by FIDE at its
congresses. The title of International Arbiter was introduced in 1956
and that of International Master in 1959. In 1972 the title of Grand-
master for Chess Compositions was introduced for the most outstanding
theoretician in chess.
The President of the Commission is Gerhard W. Jensch, Lieder-
bachstrasse 85, 623 Frankfurt 80 — West Germany. \

International Grandmasters for Chess Compositions, (honoris

causa)
Comins Mansfield — England; Genrikh Kasparian — USSR; Eeltje
Visserman — Holland; Lev Loshinsky — USSR.
These titles were awarded in 1972,

International Masters for Chess Compositions (honoris causa)

André Chéron — France.
tArnoldo Ellerman — Argentina.
Alexander Gerbstman — USSR.
Jan Hartong — Netherlands.
{Cyril S. Kipping — England.
Comins Mansfield — England.
All the above titles were awarded in 1959.

Austria: Dr H. Lepuschiitz (1966), Alois Johandl (1971).

Czechoslovakia: V. Pachman (1960), Dr J. Fritz (1966), I. Mikan (1971).
t Deceased.
 The Permanent FIDE Commission for Chess Compositions 301

Finland: P. Perkonoja (1969).

W. Germany: Dr K. Fabel (1967), Dr W. Speckmann (1967), H. P.
Rehm (1968).
Great Britain: R. C. O. Matthews (1965), B. P. Barnes (1967),J. Rice
(1969).
Hungary: Dr G. Paros (1965), G. Bakcsi (1967).
Italy: Dr A. Chicco (1967).
Netherlands : %.. Visserman (1961),J.Haring (1968), C. Samelius (1969),
C. Goldschmeding (1971).
Norway: N. G. G. van Dijk (1961).
Poland: W. Tura (1969).
Sweden: B. Lindgren (1965), A. Akerblom (1967).
USSR: Genrikh Kasparian (1960), Lev Loshinsky (1960), V. Rudenko
(1961), L. Zagoruyko (1961), V. Korolkov (1965), V. Bron (1966),
Y. Vladimirov (1967), T. Gorgiev (1969), Dr G. Nadareishvili
(1969), V. Shepizny, J. Krichely (1971), V. Tiavlovsky (1971),
E. Pogosiants (1969), E. Livshits (1971).
Yugoslavia: Ing. N. Petrovié (1965), Ing. V. Bartolovié (1967).

International Masters for Chess Compositions (Deceased)

Vitaly Chekhover (USSR), Dr Alois Wotawa (Austria), Dr Artur
Mandler (Czechoslovakia).

International Judges of Chess Compositions

Argentina: A. Ellerman (1956), Dr H. L. Muscante (1965).
Austria: {Dr St. Eberle (1957), Prof. J. Halumbirek (1957), Dr H.
Lepuschutz (1957), {Dr A. Wotawa (1957), A. Johandl (1966),
Dr K. Wenda (1968).
Brazil: G. J. Martin (1956), tJ. B. Santiago (1956). |
Bulgaria: V. P. Ranguelov (1956), A. Tanielian (1957), I. N. H.
Dimitrov (1967).
Czechoslovakia: +F. Dedrle (1956), Dr J. Fritz (1956), tM. Havel
(1956) ;I. F. Hladik (1956), L. Lacny (1956), Dr A. Mandler (1956),
V. Pachman (1956), A. Pituk (1956), Prof. L. Prokes (1956), F. J.
Prokop (1956), J. Wenda (1956), B. Soukop-Bardon (1957),
J. I. Mikan (1958), J. Sulc (1960), I. B. Formanek (1966).
Denmark: W. Jorgensen (1956), TK. A. K. Larsen (1956), O. G.
t Deceased.
302 The Permanent FIDE Commission for Chess Compositions

Lauritzen (1956), P. R. Nielsen (1956), W. Roepke (1956), L.

Larsen (1959), A. Madsen (1966), J. Mortensen (1966), R. Prytz
(1966).
Finland: A. Dunder (1957), J. Gunst (1957), J. Hannelius (1957),
V. Kivi (1957), O. I. Kaila (1958), M. Myllyniemi (1958), E. A.
Wirtanen (1958), A. Ojanen (1966).
France: P. Biscay (1957), A. Chéron (1957), D. Grossi (1957), V.
Halberstadt (1957), G. Leon-Martin (1957), G. Authier (1958),
R. Diot (1958), A. Grunenwald (1959), R. Lecomte (1959), J.
Oudot (1959), L. Scotti (1959), C. Seneca (1959), C. Wermelinger
(1959); P. Monreal (1965),J.Savournin (1965).
East Germany: ¢Dr G. Kaiser (1957), H. Grasemann (1957), H. Vetter
(1958), W. Weber (1958), Dr R. Leopold (1965).
West Germany: H. Albrecht (1957), J. Breuer (1957), W. Haguemann
(1958), G. Latzel (1958), Dr J. Niemann (1958), W. Unzicker
(1958), P. Kniest (1959), Dr W. Massmann (1959), Dr W. Speck-
mann (1959), H. Ahues (1962), Dr H. Staudte (1962), Dr K. Fabel
(1964), M. Schneider (1965), G. W. Jensch (1966), T. Steudel (1966)
W. Popp (1967).
Great Britain: }C. S. Kipping (1957), TE. Boswell (1957), G. W. Chand-
ler (1957), C. Mansfield (1957), Prof. R. C. O. Matthews (1957),
TE. H. Shaw (1957), Prof. E. E. Zepler (1957), H. Lommer (1958),
A. J. Roycroft (1959), G. F. Anderson (1960), H. F. Blandford
(1961), C. E. Kemp (1964), A. R. Gooderson (1966), D. Nixon
(1966), B. P. Barnes (1967).
Hungary: {R. Darvas (1956), F. Fleck (1956), Dr L. Lindner (1956),
tO. Nagy (1956), tProf. J. R. Neukomm (1956), Dr G. Paros (1956),
L. Schor (1956), Z. Zilahi (1956), F. Kovacs (1960), W. A. Foldeak
(1964).
India: Dr S. Subrahmanyam (1959).
Israel: Z. Hashavit (1959), M. Milescu (1964), J. Retter (1964), Dr
Y. Segenreich (1964).
Italy: Dr A. Chicco (1956), O. Stocchi (1956).
Netherlands: J. J. Burbach (1958), P. ten Cate (1958), G. H. Drese
(1958), C. J. de Feijter Jr. (1958), C. Goldschmeding (1958), A. M.
Koldijk (1958), Dr M. Niemeijer (1958), Dr J. Selman Jr. (1958),
E. Visserman (1958), G. Smit (1958),J.H. Marwitz (1959), I. W. J.
G. Mees (1959), J. Haring (1964), H. le Grand (1964), P. le Grand
(1964).
+ Deceased.
is
 The Permanent FIDE Commission for Chess Compositions 303

Norway: D. Hjelle (1957), N. G. G. van Dijk (1966).

Poland: 'T. Czarnecki (1956), S. Limbach (1956), tM. Wrobel (1956),
J. A. Rusek (1959), Dr G. Grzeban (1960), M. Pfeiffer (1960),
B. Ivanov (1967).
Romania: P. Farago (1956), fL. Lowenton (1956), P. Leibovici (1956),
E. Dobrescu (1958), A. F. Ianovic (1958), V. Nestorescu (1958),
R. Voia (1958).
Spain: A. F. Arguelles (1957), J. Mandil Pujado (1957), tJ. P. Peris
(1957), tE. Puig Ambros (1957), tJ. Z. Zaldo (1957), fDr C. R.
Lafora (1960), J. C. Lamas (1965), F. S. Lopez (1965), E. Petite
(1966), R. C. Sanz (1966).
Sweden: A. Akerblom (1956), A. Hildebrand (1956), H. Hultberg
(1956), G. Jonsson (1956), J. Knoppel (1956), B. Larsson (1956),
F. Lindgren (1956), H. Ternblad (1956), A. Werle (1956), B.
Lindgren (1966).
Switzerland: H. Ott (1957), A. Sutter (1957), tS. Isenegger (1959),
K. Flatt (1960).
USA: J. Buchwald (1956), ¢V. L. Eaton (1956), N. Gabor (1956),
E. M. Hassberg (1956), E. Holladay (1956), R. E. Burger (1957),
R. Cheney (1957), K. S. Howard (1957), W. Jacobs (1957), N
Guttman (1958), V. Wilson (1958), W. Korn (1964).
USSR: J. L. Averbakh (1956), M. M. Botvinnik (1956), V. A. Bron
(1956), fA. Ghekhover (1956), V. I. Chiff (1956), A. A. Dombrov-
skis (1956), A. I. Gerbstman (1956), T. B. Gorgiev (1956), 7A. S.
Gurvich (1956), A. P. Guljayev (1956), G. Kasparian (1956), A. P.
Kazantsev (1956), R. M. Kofman (1956), V. A. Korolkov (1956),
L. I. Loshinsky (1956), E. N. Rukhlis (1956), L. Zagorulko (1956),
Prof. Dr B. A. Sakarov (1956), E. I. Umnov (1956), P. Keres (1957),
V. Smyslov (1957), V. E. Gebelt (1959), A. G. Kopnin (1959),
G. N. Nadareishvili (1960), V. F. Rudenko (1960), A. A. Baturin
(1961), D. Bronstein (1961), V. I. Chepizni (1965), A. G. Kuznetsov
- (1965), A. N. Popandopulo (1965), J. G. Vladimirov (1965),
A. G. Kuznetsov (1966), F. Bondarenko (1966), V. Jakimshik (1967),
A. J. Kozlov (1968),
Yugoslavia: I. V. Bartolovié (1956), I. N. Peirce (1956), I. Z. Hernitz
(1958), Dr S. Zlatié (1958). |
T Deceased.
 15 International Braille Chess Association

The IBCA was founded in 1951 by R. W. Bonham, and became affili-

ated to FIDE in 1964.

IBC'A Olympiads
The forerunner of these events was a tournament for individuals held
in Rheinbreitbach nr. Honeff (BRD) in 1958. Twelve players from
seven countries competed: 1 Bonham (Eng) 4, 2 Hartig (A) 3, 3 Wiirtz
(BRD) 3, 4 F. Uekermann (BRD) 23, 5 Redeker (BRD) 2, 6 Pflume
(DDR) 2, 7 Reschwamm (BRD) 2, 8 H. Uekermann (BRD) 14, 9
Klausen (Dk) 1, 10 Wickter (S) 1, 11 Nelson (Eng) 1, 12 Saurel (F) 1.
1 Olympiad for the Blind, Meschede (BRD), April 1961. Seven
countries competed, the final placings being: 1 Yugoslavia, 2 Austria,
3 W. Germany, 4 E. Germany, 5 England (‘United Kingdom’), 6 W.
Germany II, 7 Denmark, 8 Switzerland.
2 Olympiad, Kuehlungsborn (DDR), 25 March-2 April 1964. The
event increased in size to nine nations: 1 Yugoslavia 304, 2 Hungary
203, 3 E. Germany 18, 4 Czechoslovakia 164, 5 England (‘United
Kingdom’) 15, 6 Denmark 134, 7 Poland 12}, 8 Eire 10}, 9 Sweden 7.
3 Olympiad, Weymouth (GB), 29 March-10 April 1968. The event
more than doubled in size to nineteen entries. An ‘Executive team’ was
included to make an even number as this event was played under the
Swiss System. Results were: 1 USSR 35, 2 Yugoslavia 33, 3 Romania
313, 4 E. Germany 28}, 5 Czechoslovakia 28, 6 Austria 254, 7-8
Hungary, W. Germany 234, 9 Spain 23, 10 Eire 224, 11 England
(“United Kingdom’) 22, 12 Poland 214, 13-14 Denmark, USA 21,
Executive Team 19, 15 Holland 184, 16 Israel 16, 17 Sweden 14, 18
Finland 10, 19 France 3.
The best individual result in this event, and in the Olympiads so far,
was achieved by the USSR fourth board, Turukin, with 11/11.
4 Olympiad, Pula (Y), 6-18 April 1972. Three more teams than in
 IBCA Individual Championships 305

1968 competed and, tor the first time, preliminary groups were held to
decide the composition of the final groups. The USSR were again
victorious, but their margin of success was much narrower. The results
of the final groups: |
A: 1 USSR 21, 2 Yugoslavia 204, 3 Romania 154, 4 E. Germany
144, 5 Spain 11, 6 England 103, 7 USA 94, 8 Hungary 94.
B: 9 Austria 174, 10 Poland 174, 11 W. Germany 164, 12 Czecho-
slovakia 16, 13 Bulgaria 16, 14 Holland 13, 15 Israel 84, 16 Eire 7.
C: 17 Switzerland 154, 18 Denmark 144, 19 Sweden 11, 20 Finland
7%, 21 France 5, 22 Belgium 34.

IBCA Correspondence World Championships

1 1955-7. R. W. Bonham 2 1957-9 R. W. Bonham
3 1959-61 R. W. Bonham 4 1961-3 R. W. Bonham
5 1963-4 R.W. Bonham and A. Kristensen (Dk)
6 1965-6 R. W. Bonham 7 1966-8 A. Kristensen
8 1969-70 A. Kristensen 9 1971-2 H. Zeitler (BRD)
During the Pula Olympiad R. W. Bonham was awarded the title of
Correspondence Grandmaster of the Blind, for having won this event
more than three times.

IBCA Indiwidual Championships

The first of these events took place at Timmendorfer Strand
(BRD), 3-11 April 1966. 22 players from 17 countries competed:
1 Cabarkapa (Y) 74, 2 Djukanovié (Y) 74, 3 Zeitler (BRD) 64, 4 Erés
(H) 6, 5 Kristensen (Dk) 54, 6 Craciun (R) 5, 7 Bonham (Eng) 5,
8 Pokorny (Cz) 5, 9 Mickeleit (DDR) 44, 10 Krajewski (PL) 44,
11 Winkelmann (CH) 44, 12 Pasteiner (A) 44, 13 Bestman (NL) 44,
14 Horrocks (Eng) 44, 15 Blom (S) 44, 16 Keating (Eire) 44, 17 Labin
(E) 4, 18 Mertens (BRD) 34, 19 Milotzki (BRD) 34, 20 Cohn (Eng) 2,
21 Bertrand (F) 1, 22 Miettinen (SF) 1.
2 Individual Championship, Ermelo (NL), April-May 1970. The
number of competitors remained the same as in 1966, but this time
nineteen countries were represented. The event was again a triumph
for the Yugoslav representatives: 1 Cabarkapa 8}, 2 Dragun (Y) 8, 3
Novak (Cz) 74, 4 Kristensen (Dk) 7, 5 Erés (H) 64, 6 Tiefenbacher
306 International Braille Chess Association

(A) 63, 7 Bibas (IL) 64, 8 Sand (BRD) 64, 9 Mitev (BG) 643, 10 Al.
Sandrin (USA) 6, 11 Traczyk (PL) 6, 12 Bestman (NL) 53, 13 Viken
(N) 53, 14 van Driest (NL) 54, 15 Carlin (Eng) 5, 16 Cohn (Eng) 5, 17
Willy (CH) 43, 18 Luoma (SF) 44, 19 Labin (E) 44, 20 Svenson (S) 3,
21 Linardatos (GR) 14, 22 Kniebihli (F) 1.
16 International Chess Title-holders

FIDE awards the titles of Grandmaster, International Master and

International Woman’s Master for performance at international chess
tournaments. FIDE awarded the first official titles at its 1950 Congress.
Regulations were introduced prescribing the conditions under which
the titles are conferred.
According to the regulations, the title of International Master is
automatically conferred on women World Champions. FIDE also
awards the title of International Chess Referee. On the recommenda-
tion of the appropriate bodies, the FIDE Congress also approves titles
for Chess Compositions and for Correspondence Chess.
We enclose a list of grandmasters and international masters. We
have also supplied the addresses of grandmasters. This list gives the
situation as of 1973.
 International Grandmasters

(The following gives name, date of birth and year title won)

Argentina Austria
Eliskases Erich Robatsch Karl
13.1.1913 (1952) 14.10.1928 (1961)
Ramada, Barrio Alto, Viktringerring 49,
Verde Sucursaal 9, Klagenfurt
Cordoba/Argentina
Guimard Carlos Belgium
6.4.1913 (1960) O’Kelly de Galway Alberic
Buenos Aires 17.5.1911 (1956) |
Rue Ant. Dansaert 15,
Najdorf Miguel
Bruxelles
15.4.1910 (1950)
Jose Hernandez 1789, Brazil
Buenos Aires Mecking Henrique da Costa
Panno Oscar 23.1.1952 (1972)
17.3.1935 (1955) R. Tarme de Amoedo 77,
M. Acha 4824, Apt. 204,
Buenos Aires Ipanema — G.B.
Pilnik Herman Rio de Janeiro
8.1.1914 (1952)
Bulgaria
Paraguay 1858,
Bobotsov Milko
Buenos Aires
30.9.1931 (1961)
Quinteros Miguel Angel
UI. Rezbarska 12, blok 3,
28.12.1947 (1973) Sofia
Pavon 1955 — Piso 10,
Padevski Nicola
Apt. 2, Buenos Aires 29.5.1933 (1964)
Rossetto Hector Decio Ul. Darvin 21,
8.9.1922 (1960) Plovdiv
Curapaligue 833, 1 dep 62, Radulov Ivan
Buenos Aires 7.1.1939 (1972)
 International Grandmasters 309

Ul. Zdanov 84, Edificio ‘Santa Fe’,

Sofia Los Boliches,
Tringov Georgi Malaga
7.3.1937 (1963)
‘Moskva 103’ East Germany
Plovdiv Pietzsch Wolfgang
21.12.1930 (1965)
Canada Buergerstr. 3
Suttles Duncan 703 Leipzig S 36
21.12.1945 (1973) Uhlmann Wolfgang
Pendrell St. 1666, 291321955)(1959)
Apt. 406, Vancouver B.C. Herbert-Blockwitz Str. 18,
Yanofsky Daniel Abraham Dresden 80
26.3.1925 (1964)
Ansbury Bay, West Germany
Winnipeg 2-Manitoba Darga Klaus
24.2.1934 (1964)
Czechoslovakia
Seestr. 27,
Filip Dr Miroslav
7036 Schoenaich
27.10.1928 (1955)
Hecht Hans Joachim
Cernokostelcka 54d,
29;131939) (1973)
Prague X
Weisestrasse 7,
Hort Vlastimil
Berlin 44
12.1.1944 (1965)
Hiibner Robert
Krc, Blok 6/1164,
6.11.1948 (1970)
Prague IV
Holunderweg 18,
Smejkal Jan
Porz-Heumar
22.3.1946 (1972)
Saimisch Friedrich
Namest: 6,
20.9.1896 (1950)
Lanskroun
Nonnenstieg |,
Denmark 2 Hamburg 13
Larsen Bent Schmid Lothar
4.3.1935 (1956) 10.5.1928 (1959)
Romségade 8, E.T.A.—Hoffmann Strasse 2,
Dk-—2100 Copenhagen © 8600 Bamberg
Unzicker Wolfgang
France 26.6.1925 (1954)
Rossolimo Nicolas Ober-Reg.-Rat.-
12.7.1910 (1953) Melssheimer Str. 11,
Jose Enrique Club, Munich-Obermenzing
 310 International Grandmasters

Hungary 26.1.1935 (1958)

Adorjan Andras Hjadarhagi 15,
31.3.1950 (1973) Reykjavik
Buday L. u. 2,
1024 Budapest II Israel
Barcza Gedeon Liberzon Vladimir
21.8.1911 (1954) 23.3.1937 (1965)
Thok6ly ut. 170, c/o Israeli Chess Federation
Budapest XIV
Barczay Laszlé The Netherlands
21.5.1936 (1967) Donner Jan Hein
Kisérleti 1t.S/3 A lepcs., 6.7.1927 (1959)
Budapest XXII Wolvenstraat 21,
Bilek Istvan Amsterdam C
11.8.1932 (1962) Euwe Dr Maghielis
Varga Gy. Andras Park 14a, 20.5.1901 (1950)
Budapest XIV Mensinge 40,
Csom Istvan Amsterdam Buitenveldert
2.6.1940 (1973)
Vorosvari ut 1, Romania
Budapest ITI Gheorghiu Florin
Lengyel Levente 6.4.1944 (1965)
13.6.1933 (1964) Str. Lt Lemnea 26. sect 1
Bartfai u. 45, Bucarest
Budapest XI
Portisch Lajos Spain
4.4.1937 (1961) Pomar Salamanc Arturo
Bartfai u. 45, 1.9.1931 (1962) |
Budapest XI Plaza Canovas del Castillo 2,
Ribli Zoltan San Cugat del Valles
6.9.1951 (1973) (Barcelona)
Hengermalom u. S-2 ‘A’ 1,
1116 Budapest IX Sweden
Szabé6 Laszl6 Andersson Ulf
19.3.1917 (1950) 27.1.1951 (1972)
Hermann O. u. 3, Ekvagen 11E
Budapest II 73200 Arboga

Iceland USA
Olafsson Fridrik Benko Pal
 International Grandmasters 31]

15.7.1928 (1958) 4.12.1937 (1960)

Box 313, Gracie Station, 962-B Banta PI.,
New York 10028 Ridgefield, NJ 07657
Bisguier Arthur Reshevsky Samuel
8.10.1929 (1957) 26.11.1911 (1950)
Box 371, Rock Hill, 5, Hadassah Lane,
NY 12775 Spring Valley,
Browne Walter Shawn New York 10977
12.10.1946 (1970)
2309 Blake, Apt. 401, USSR
Berkeley, CA 94704 Antoshin Vladimir
Byrne Robert 14,5,1929 (1963)
20.4.1928 (1964) UI. Panferova 8, kv. 143
81 Charter Circle No 6G, Moscow
Ossining, New York 10562 Averbakh Yuri
Evans Larry 8.2.1922 (1952)
22.3.1932 (1957) Bereikovskaya Nabereinaya 12,
Box 1182 — Reno, Nevada 89504 kv. 126, Moscow
Fine Dr Reuben Balashov Yuri
11.10.1914 (1950) 12.5.1949 (1973)
225 West 86th Street, UI. Karl Marx 25, kv. 36,
New York, NY 10024 Moscow
Fischer Robert J Boleslavsky Isaak
9.3.1943 (1958) 17.5.1919 (1950)
c/o US Chess Federation, Prospekt Lenina 13, kv. 68,
479 Broadway, Minsk
Newburgh, NY 12550 Bondarevsky Igor
or: 12,.5.1913 (1950)
c/o Rader and Helge, UI. Fuchika 4, kv. 87,
6505 Wilshire Blvd., Piatigorsk
Los Angeles, CA 90048 Botvinnik Dr Mikhail
Kashdan Isaac 17.8.1911 (1950)
19.11.1905 (1954) 3—Frunzeskaya ul. 7, kv. 154,
2231 Overland Avenue, Moscow
W. Los Angeles, Calif. 90064 Bronstein David
Kavalek Lubomir 19.2.1924 (1950)
9.8.1943 (1965) Kutozovskii Prospekt 9, kv. 54,
1100 6th Street SW, Apt. 710, Moscow
Washington D.C. 20024 Flohr Salo
Lombardy Rev. William 21.11.1908 (1950)
 312 International Grandmasters

2-Frunzeskaya ul. 9, kv. 74, 12.8.1913 (1950)

Moscow Bolishaya ee 21;
Furman Semyen kv. 69,
1.12.1920 (1966) Moscow
Prospekt Karpinskovo 40, kv. 15, Krogius Nikolai
Leningrad 22.7.1930 (1964)
Geller Efim Ul. Sakko u Vancetti 23, kv. 2,
8.3.1925 Saratov
Smolensky Bul. 6/8, kv. 60, Kuzmin Gennady
Moscow
19.1.1946 (1973)
Gipslis Aivar
Bogdanovsky p. No. 40,
8.2.1937 (1967) Voroshilovgrad
Melnsila 16, kv. 60
Lein Anatoly
Riga
19.3.1936 (1968)
Gufeld Eduard
Tverskoi Bul. 15,
19.3.1936 (1967)
Moscow
Atskurskaya ul. 3a,
Lilienthal Andrei
Tbilisi
5.5.1911 (1950)
Gurgenidze Bukhuti
Kutuzovsky Prospekt 10/9, kv. 182,
13.11.1933 (1970)
Moscow
Ul. Ordzhonikidze 122, kv. 37,
Tbilisi Petrosian Tigran
Holmovy Ratmir 17.6.1929 (1952)
13.5.1925 (1960) Pyatnitskaya ul. 59, kv. 12,
UI. Gorkovo 41, kv. 44, Moscow
Moscow Polugayevsky Lev
Karpov Anatoly 20.11.1934 (1962)
23.5.1951 (1970) Arbatu 20, kv. 38,
University—-Obsheyitie economi- Moscow G-2
cheskovo fakulteta, Savon Vladimir
Leningrad 26.9.1940 (1973)
Keres Paul Ul. 23 Avgusta,
7.1.1916 (1950) dom 6, kv. 96,
Ul. Oie 51, Harkov
Tallinn 12 Shamkovich Leonid
Korchnoi Victor 1.6.1923 (1965)
23.7.1931 (1956) UI. Cheluskintzev kv. 225,
Gavanskaya ul. 19/12, kv. 44 Moscow
Leningrad Smyslov Vasily
Kotov Alexander 24.3.1921 (1950)
 International Grandmasters SIZ

Ploschchad Vostanya 1, kv. 216, Gligorié Svetozar

Moscow 2:231923/(1951)
Spassky Boris Trg Marksa i Engelsa 9,
$0.1.1937 (1955) Belgrade
UI. Vesnina 30, kv. 11, Ivkov Borislav
Moscow 12.11.1933: (1955)
Suetin Alexei Otona Zupantiéa 2,
16.11.1926 (1965) Novi Beograd 11070
Vavilova 86, kv. 56, JanoSevié Dragoljub
Moscow 8.7.1923 (1965)
Taimanov Mark M. Pijade 4,
7.2.1926 (1952) Belgrade
Moskovsky Prospekt 75, kv. 172 Ljubojevié Ljubomir
Leningrad 2.11.1950 (1971)
Tal Mikhail Otona Zupanciéa 10,
9.11.1936 (1957) Novi Beograd 11070
Ul. Gorkovo 34, kv. 4, Matanovié Aleksandar
Riga 23.5.1930 (1955)
Tukmakov Vladimir Porecka 4,
25.3.1946 (1972) Belgrade
UI. Cheluskintzev 44, kv. 11, Matulovié Milan
Odessa 10.6.1935 (1965)
Vaganian Rafael Radnicka 5,
15.10.1951 (1971) Belgrade
UI. Komitasa 8, kv. 12, Parma Bruno
Erevan 30.12.1941 (1963)
Vasyukov Evgenny Rozna Dolina ul. X, St. 2,
9133193371196) Ljubljana
Prospekt mira 184, kv. 64, Pire Vasja
Moscow 19.12.1907 (1953)
Erjavéeva 6,
Yugoslavia Ljubljana
Cirié Dragoljub Planinc Albin
12.11.1935 (1965) 18.4.1944 (1972)
Uéitelja Marinoviéa 22 Vodovodna 84,
Caéak 32000 Ljubljana
Damjanovié Mato Trifunovié Dr Petar
23.3.1927 (1964) S131 251910) (1953)
Zaprude 17-c, Maévanska 32,
Zagreb Belgrade
314 International Grandmasters

Udoviié Mijo Stateless

11.9.1920 (1962) Pachman Ludek
Kozaréeva 14 11.5.1924 (1954)
Zagreb 565 Solingen,
Velimirovié Dragoljub Nevenhofer Strasse 55,
12151942 (1973) Postfach 170154,
Dusanova 6, West Germany
Belgrade

Deceased International Grandmasters

Austria Sweden
Griinfeld Ernst (1950) Stahlberg Gideon (1950)
21.9.1893-3.4.1962 26.1.1908-26.5.1967
Belgium Stoltz Gésta (1954)
Rubinstein Akiba (1950) 9.5.1904—26.7.1963
12.10,1882-15.4.1961
USSR
Czechoslovakia Levenfish Grigory (1950)
Duras Oldrich (1950) 9.3.1889-9.2.1961
30.10.1882-5.1.1957 Ragozin Vyacheslav (1950)
England 8.10.1908-11.3.1962
Mieses Jaques (1950) Simagin Vladimir (1962)
27.2.1865-23.2.1957 21.6.1919-25.9.1968
Stein Leonid (1962)
France 12.11.1934—4.7.1973
Bernstein Dr Osip (1950) Tolush Alexander (1953)
20.9.1882-30.11.1962 1.5.1910-3.3.1969
Tartakower Dr Xavier (1950) Zaitzev Alexander (1967)
9.2.1897—-5.2.1956 15.6.1935-8.11.1971
German F R
Bogoljubow Ewfim (1951) Yugoslavia
14,.4.1889-18.6.1952 Kostié Bora (1950)
24.2.1887-3.11.1963
Hungary Vidmar Dr Milan (1950)
Maréczy Geza (1950) 22.6.1886-9.10.1962
3.3.1889-29.5.1951
International Masters

Argentina Purdy C. J. S.
Becker Albert i jereyl bo BRS hy |
5.9.1896 (1953) Steiner Lajos
Bielicki Carlos 14.3.1903 (1950)
15.5.1940 (1959)
Bolbochan Jacobo Austria
26.12.1906 (1965) Beni Alfred
Bolbochan Julio 3.6.1923 (1951)
20.3.1920 (1950) Diickstein Andreas
Foguelman Alberto 2.8.1927 (1956)
13.10.1923 (1963) Lokvenc Josef
Frydman Paulino 1.5.1899 (1951)
26.5.1905 (1955)
Garcia Raimundo
Belgium
27.5.1926 (1964)
Boey Jozef
Michel Pablo
16.5.1934 (1973)
27.11.1905 (1956)
Dunkelblum Arthur
Pelikan Jiri
23.4.1906 (1957)
23.4.1906 (1965)
Pleci Isaias
21.10.1907 (1965) Brazil
Rubinetti Jorge Camara Helder
31.3.1945 (1969) 7.2.1937 (1972)
Sanguinetti Raul © German Eugenio
3.2.19523 (1957) 24.10.1930 (1952)
Schweber Samuel
16.7.1936 (1961) Bulgaria
Wexler Bernando Kirov (Ivanov) Nino
1.4.1925 (1959) 11.9.1945 (1972)
Kolarov Atanas
Australia 2.3.1934 (1957)
Berger Bela Peev Peicho
12.8.1931 (1963) 2.4.1940 (1973)
 316 International Masters

Milev Zdravko de Greiff Boris

25.10.1929 (1952) 13.2.1930 (1957)
Minev Nikolai Gutierrez José Antonio
8.1.1931 (1960) 26.9.1943 (1972)
Neikirch Oleg Sanchez Luis
8.3.1914 (1957) 1917 (1951)
Popov Luben
28.1.1936 (1965) Cuba
Spassov Luben Cobo Arteago Eldis
22.3.1943 (1972) 3.9.1929 (1967}
Spiridonov Nikolai Estevez Guillermo Morales
28.2.1938 (1970) 1947 (1972)
Tsvetkov Alexandre Garcia Silvino
7.10.1914 (1950) 4.7.1944 (1969)
Jimenez Zeroquera Eleazar
Canada 25.6.1928 (1963)
Amos Bruce Pérez Francisco José
30.12.1946 (1969) 8.9.1920 (1959)
Anderson Frank Ross Rodriguez Jesus Gonzalez
3.1.1928 (1954) 1937 (1972)
Biyiasas Peter
19.11.1950 (1972) Czechoslovakia
Bohatirchuk Fedor Fichtl Jiri
14.12.1892 (1954) 16.2.1921 (1959)
Day Lawrence Jansa Viastimil
1.2.1949 (1972) 27.11.1942 (1965)
Fiister Géza Katetov Dr Miroslav
2.2.1910 (1969) 7.3.1918 (1950)
Kupreianov George Kozma Julius
6.3.1938 (1972) 1.6.1929 (1957)
Vaitonis Pavilas Mista Ladislav
15.8.1911 (1952) 31.10.1943 (1971)
Vranesié Zvonko Opoéensky Karel
4.10.1938 (1967) 7.2.1892 (1954)
Witt Leslie Plachetka Jan
2.4.1933 (1969) 18.2.1945 (1973)
Pribyl Josef
Colombia 12.10.1947 (1972)
Cuellar Gacharna Miguel Sajtar Jaroslav
18.11.1916 (1957) 3.12.1921 (1950)
 International Masters 317

Ujtelky Maximilian France

20.4.1915 (1961) Muffang André
Zita Frantisek 25.7.1897 (1951)
29.11.1909 (1950)
Finland
Book Eero
Chile 9.2.1910 (1950)
Letelier Martner René Kaila Osma
21.2.1915 (1960) 11.5.1910 (1952)
Ojanen Kaarle
Denmark 14.12.1918 (1952)
Andersen Borge Westerinen Heikki
19.3.1934 (1964) 28.4.1944 (1967)
Enevoldsen Jens
23.9.1907 (1950) East Germany
Espig Lutz
Hamann Sven
5.1.1949 (1972)
8.10.1940 (1965)
Fuchs Reinhart
Jakobsen Ole
28.9.1934 (1962)
19.10.1942 (1973) Hennings Artur
11.7.1940 (1965)
Ecuador Keller Rudolf
Yepez Olavo 16.6.1917 (1950)
8.8.1937 (1969) Knaak Rainer
16.3.1953 (1973)
England Koch Berthold
Golombek Harry 22.2.1899 (1950)
1.3.1911 (1950) Liebert Heinz
Hartston William R. 24.5.1936 (1966)
12.8.1947 (1973) Malich Burkhard
Keene Raymond D. 29.11.1936 (1962)
29.1.1948 (1972) Vogt Lothar
KGnig Imre 17.1.1952 (1973)
9.2.1901 (1951) Zinn Lothar
19.3.1938 (1965)
Kottnauer Cenek
24.2.1910 (1950) West Germany
Penrose Dr Jonathan Capelan Guenther
7.10.1933 (1961) 28.7.1932 (1968)
Wade Robert G. Dueball Jurgen
10.4.1921 (1950) 17.4.1943 (1973)
 318 International Masters

Gerusel Mathias Haag Ervin

5.2.1938 (1968) 11.1.1933 (1961)
Gilg Karl Honfi Karoly
20.1.1901 (1953) 25.10.1930 (1962)
Heinicke Herbert Kluger Gyula
14.3.1905 (1953) 15.1.1914 (1954)
Kieninger Georg Kovacs Laszlé M.
5.6.1902 (1950) 5.10.1938 (1965)
Lehhmann Heinz Navarovszky Laszl6
20.10.1921 (1961) 3.4.1933 (1965)
Mohrlock Dieter Sandor Béla
4.11.1938 (1969) 14.12.1919 (1964)
Pfeiffer Gerhard Sax Gyula
14.6.1923 (1957) 18.6.1951 (1972)
Pfleger Helmut Szilagyi Gyorgy
6.8.1943 (1965) 4.7.1921 (1956)
Rellstab Ludwig Szily Dr Jozsef
23.11.1904 (1950) 2.10.1913 (1950)
Schmidt Paul
India
20.8.1916 (1950)
Aaron Manuel
Teschner Rudolf
16.2.1922 (1957)
1935 (1961)
Wagner Heinrich Indonesia
9.8.1888 (1953) Ardijansjah
1952 (1969)
Greece Hoang Liong Tan
Siaperas Triantafyllos 20.8.1938 (1963)
1.8.1932 (1968) Wotulo Max
Vizantiades Lazaros 5.8.1932 (1969)
2.4.1938 (1968)
Iceland
Hungary
Johannsson Ingi R.
5.12.1936 (1963)
Dely Péter
Sigurjonsson Gudmundur
5.7. 1934 (1962)
Flesch Janos
25.9.1947 (1970)
30.9.1933 (1963) Israel
Florian Tibor Bleiman Jacov
2.3.1919 (1950) 7.9.1947 (1971)
Forintos Gy6z6 Czerniak Moshe
30.7.1935 (1963) 3.2.1910 (1952)
 International Masters 319

Kagan Shimon Cortlever Nicolas

1942 (1969) 14.6.1915 (1950)
Kraidman Yair Enklaar Bertus Frans
1.11.1932 (1965) 1.12.1943 (1973)
Porath Josef Hartoch Rob
7.6.1909 (1952) 24.3.1947 (1971)
Henneberke Franciscus W.
Italy AS DLoeO NOL)
Giustolisi Alberto Kramer Haije
17.3.1928 (1962) 24.11.1917 (1954)
Mariotti Sergio Kuijpers Franciscus Antonius
10.8.1946 (1969) 27.2.1941 (1964)
Monticelli Mario Langeweg Kristian
16.3.1902 (1950) 7.3.1937 (1962)
Paoli Dr Enrico Miihring Willem Jan
13.1.1908 (1951) 17.8.1913 (1951)
Porreca Giorgio Prins Lodewijk
30.8.1927 (1957) 27.1.1913' (1950)
Scafarelli Francesco Ree Hans
23.10.1933 (1957) 15.9.1944 (1968)
Szabados Eugenio Timman Jan
3.7.1898 (1951) 14.12.1951 (1971)
Tatai Stefano Van Geet Dirk Daniel
23.3.1938 (1966) 1.3.1932 (1965)
Van Scheltinga Tjeerd Damel
Mexico 6.3.1914 (1950)
Torre Carlos Zuidema Coenrad
28.11.1907 (1963) 29.8.1942 (1964)

Mongolia New Kealand

Miagmarsuren Lhamsuren Sarapu Ortvin
10.8.1938 (1966) 20.1.1924 (1966)
Uitumen Tudev
27.8.1939 (1965) Norway
Johannessen Svein
The Netherlands 17.10.1937 (1961)
Barendregt J. T.
16.2.1924 (1962) Peru
Boumeester Hans Canal Esteban
16.9.1929 (1954) 19.4.1896 (1950) -
 320 International Masters

Quinones Oscar Carrillo Ciocaltea Victor

14,1.1941 (1963) 16.1.1932 (1957)
Rodriguez Orestes Drimer Dolfi
4.7.1943 (1972) 18.10.1934 (1961)
Erdelyi Stefan
Philippines 17.11.1905 (1950)
Cardoso Rodolfo Tan Ghitescu Teodor
25.12.1937 (1957) 24.1.1934 (1961)
Naranja Renato Ghizdavu Dimitri
24.9.1940 (1969) 21.5.1949 (1972)
Torre Eugenio Radovici Corvin
4.11.1951 (1972) 19.12.1931 (1968)
Troianescu Octav
Poland 4.2.1916 (1950)
Bednarski Boguslaw Jacek
12.3.1939 (1964) Scotland
Doda Zbigniew Fairhurst William Arthur
22.2.1931 (1964) 21.8.1903 (1951)
Grabszewski Roman Levy David N. L.
February, 1932 (1972) 14.3.1945 (1969)
Kostro Jerzy
15.1.1937 (1968) Singapore
Makarczyk Kazimierz Tan Lian Ann
1.1.1901 (1950) 8.9.1947 (1973)
Plater Kazimierz
3.3.1915 (1950) Spain
Schmidt Wladzimierz Calvo Minguez Ricardo
10.4.1943 (1968) 22.10.1943 (1973)
Sliwa Bogdan Diez del Corral Jesus
4.2.1922 (1953) 6.4.1933 (1967)
Sydor Anzey Farré Mallofre Miguel
3.1.1937 (1970) 23.2.1936 (1959)
Medina Garcia Antonio
Puerto Rico 2.10.1919 (1950)
Kaplan Julio Toran Alberto Roman
25.7.1950 (1967) 8.10.1931 (1954)

Romania Sweden
Balanel Ion Ekstrém Folke
7.6.1926 (1954) 12.10.1906 (1950)
 International Masters 321

Lundin Erik Weinstein Raymond

2.7.1904 (1950) 1941 (1961)
Whitaker Norman
Switzerland 9.4.1890 (1965)
Bhend Edwin Zuckerman Bernard
9.9.1931 (1960) 31.3.1943 (1970)
Blau Max
19.12.1918 (1953)
Christoffel Martin USSR
2.9.1922:41952) Alatortsev Vladimir
Gereben Erné 14.5.1909 (1950)
18.6.1907 (1950) Aronin Lev
Grob Henry 20.7.1920 (1950)
4.6.1904 (1950) Bagirov Vladimir
Hug Werner 16.8.1936 (1963)
10,9.1952 (1971) Belyavsky Alexander
Johner Hans 19.12.1953 (1973)
7.1.1889 (1950) Bikova Elisaveta
Keller Dieter 4.11,1913 (1953) =
19.7.1936 (1961) Dubinin Peter
Kupper Josef 30.6.1909 (1950)
10.321932 (1955) Dzhindzhikhashvili Roman
5.5.1944 (1970)
USA Gaprindashvili Nona
Addison William 3.5.1941 (1962)
28.11.1933 (1967)
Hasin Abram
Byrne Donald
15.2.1923 (1964)
12.6.1930 (1962)
llivitsky Georgy
Dake Arthur
30.4.1921 (1955)
8.4.1910 (1954)
Denker Arnold Kan Ilya
20.2.1914 (1950) 4.5.1909 (1950)
Koltanowski George Kasparian Genrik
17.9.1903 (1950) 27.2.1919 (1950)
Lasker Edward Konstantinopolsky Alexander
3.12.1885 (1963) 19.2.1910 (1950)
Saidy Dr Anthony Lutikov Anatoly
16.5.1937 (1969) 5.2.1933 (1967)
Sherwin James Makagonov Vladimir
25.10.1933 (1958) 27.8.1904 (1950)
 322 Iniernational Masters

Mikenas Vladas Bogdanovié Rajko

17.4.1910 (1950) 15.11.1931 (1963)
Moiseyev Oleg Bukié Enver
6.5.1925 (1970) 2.12.1937 (1964)
Nei Ivo Djurasevié Bozidar
31.10.1931 (1964) 26.4:1959'(1957)
Nezhmetdinov Rashid
Fuderer Andrija
15.12.1912 (1954)
13.5.1931 (1952)
Novotelnov Nikolai
Gliksman Darko |
9.12.1911 (1950)
3.10.1939 (1969)
Osnos Viacheslav
24.7.1935 (1965) Karaklajié Nikola
Podgaets Mikhail © 24.2.1926 (1955)
23.7.1947 (1972) Kovaéevié Vladimir
Razuvaev Yuri 26.3.1942 (1970)
10.10.1945 (1973) Kozomara Vlado
Romanishin Oleg 1.11.1922 (1964)
9.121952 (1973) Kurajica Bojan
Rubtsova Olga 15.11.1947 (1965)
20.8.1909 (1956) Marangunié Srdjan
Rudenko Ludmila 31.10.1943 (1971)
27.7.1904 (1950) Marié Rudolf
Sergievsky Vladimir 13.5.1927 (1964)
3.10.1936 (1966)
Marovié Drazen
Tseshkovsky Vitali
14.1.1938 (1965)
25.9.1944 (1973)
Masié Ljubomir
Veresov Gavril
5.7.1936 (1969)
8.7.1912 (1950)
Vliadimirov Boris Messing Hrvoje
17.5.1929 (1963) 26.4.1940 (1972)
Yudovich Mikhail MeStrovié Zvonko
8.6.1911 (1950) 17.10.1944 (1966)
Zaitsev Igor Mihaljtisin Mihailo
27.5.1939 (1970) 23.2.1933 (1963) -
Zhukhovitsky Samuil Milié Borislav
12.12.1916 (1967) 20.10.1925 (1951)
Minié Dragoljub
Yugoslavia 5.3.1937 (1964)
Bertok Mario Musil Vojko
2.9.1929 (1957) 18.8.1945 (1967)
 International Masters 323

Nedeljkovié Dr Sercko Sofrevski Jovan

4,12.1923 (1950) 17.8.1935 (1972)
Nikolié Stanimir — Vidmar ing. Milan jun.
26.1.1935 (1967) 16.12.1909 (1950)
Ostojié Predrag Vukié Milan
22.2.1938 (1968) 1.4.1942 (1967)
Puc Stoian Vukovié Vladimir
9.4.1921 (1950) 26.8.1898 (1951)
Rukavina Josip
29.10.1942 (1972) Stateless
Smederevac Petar Soos Bela
26.8.1922 (1965) 6.2.1930 (1967)

International Masters (Deceased)

Ahues Carl (1950) Castaldi Vicenzo (1950)
26.12.1883—31.12.1968 15.5.1916-6.1.1970
West Germany Italy
Alexander C. Hugh O’D (1950) Chekhover Vitaly (1950)
19.4,1909-14.2.1974 22.12.1908-11.2.1965
England USSR
Aztalos Dr Lajos (1950) Duz-Hotimirsky Fedor (1950)
29.7.1889-1.11.1956 26.9.1879-6.11.1965
Hungary USSR
Atkins Henry Ernest (1950) Fazekas Dr Stefan (1953)
20.8.1873-31.1.1955 23.3.1898-30.5.1967
England England
Barda Olaf (1952) Foltys Jan (1950)
17.8.1909-1970 13.10.1908-11.3.1952
Norway Czechoslovakia
Bely Dr Miklos (1956) Goglidze Viktor (1950)
9.8.1913-27.9.1971 7.11.1905~?.9.1964
Hungary USSR
Brinckmann Alfred (1953) Horowitz Israel Albert (1950)
3.1.1891-30.5.1967 15.11.1907-18.1.1973
West Germany USA
Carls Carl (1951) Kmoch Hans (1950)
16.9.1880-11.9.1958 25.7.1894—14.2.1973
West Germany USA
 324 International Masters

Lisitzin Georgy (1950) 24.11.1900-29.12.1969

11.10.1910-20.3.1972 East Germany
USSR RGédl Dr Ludwig (1953)
Miller Hans (1950) 30.4.1907-1970
1,12.1896-28.2.1971 West Germany
Austria Romanovsky Peter (1950)
Nagy Geza (1950) 30.7.1892—1.3.1966
29.12.1892-13.8.1953 USSR
Hungary Sacconi Comte Antonio (1951)
Nenarokov Vladimir (1950) 5.10.1895—22.12.1963
1880-18.12.1953 Italy
USSR Steiner Herman (1950)
Palau Luis (1965) 15.4.1905-25.11.1955
11.9.1896-8.2.1971 USA
Argentina Thomas Sir George A. (1950)
Panov Vasily (1950) 14.6.1881-—23.7.1972
1.11.1906—?.1.1973 England
USSR Vajda Dr Arpad (1950)
2.5.1896—25.10.1967
Rabar Braslav (1950)
Hungary
27.9.1919-6.12.1973
Van den Berg Carel B. (1963)
Yugoslavia
12.2.1924—30.6.1971
Rejfir Josef (1956) Netherlands
22.9.1909-4.5.1962 Verlinsky Boris (1950)
Czechoslovakia 1888-1950
Richter Emil (1951) USSR
14.1.1894—16.3.1971 Winter William (1950)
Czechoslovakia 11.9.1889-17.12.1955
Richter Kurt (1950) England
International Women Masters

Argentina Hrushkova-Belska Nina

Huguet Soledad Gonzales de 5.5.1925 (1950)
24.9.1934 (1957) Sucha Ruzena
Montero Berea de 19.10.1907 (1954)
13.4.1914 (1952) Vokralova Stepanka
Moschini Celia Baudot de 8.7.1949 (1970)
5.10.1910 (1954)
Chile
Australia Carrasco de Budinich B.
Maddern Lynda 19.12.1919 (1954)
16.10.1947 (1972)
Cuba
Austria
Mora Maria Teresa
Reischer Salome
15.10.1907 (1950)
19.2.1899 (1952)
Denmark
Brazil
Larsen Ingrid
Cardoso Ruth
1.7.1909 (1950)
9.2.1934 (1970)
Bulgaria England
Assenova Venka Bruce Rowena Mary
17.10.1930 (1965) 15.5.1919 (1951)
Gheorghieva Antonina Hartston (née Malypetrova)
25.3.1948 (1972) Jana 9.12.1947 (1969)
Ivanova Antonia Pritchard Elaine (née Saunders)
6.6.1927 (1954) 7120.1 199),)
Schikova Vesmina Sunnucks Anne
3.10,1951 (1971) 21 .2.tg2/ (lode)
Troianska Evelina Tranmer Eileen
15.11.1929 (1972) 16.5.1909 (1950)
Czechoslovakia France
Eretova Kveta Chaudé de Silans Chantal
21.10.1926 (1957) 9.3.1919 (1950)
 326 International Women Masters

East Germany Netherlands

Keller-Hermann Edit Heemskerk Fenny
17.11.1921 (1950) 3.12.1919 (1950)
Nowara Waltraud Vreeken-Bouwman Maria
14.11.1940 (1966) Cornelia
22.12.1928 (1968)
West Germany Poland
Axt Helga Erenska-Radzewska Hanna
27.8.1937 (1961) 12.11.1946 (1973)
Rinder Fried] Herman Roza Maria
20.11.1905 (1957) 16.1.1902 (1950)
Holuj-Radzikowska Krystyna
Hungary 9.2.1931 (1954)
Bilek Edit Litmanowicz Maria
24.1.1938 (1965) 6.9.1928 (1967)
Honfi Karolyne Romania
16.4.1933 (1969)
Baumstark Getruda
Ivanka Maria
21.5.1941 (1970)
23.2.1950 (1968) Makai Suzana
Karakas Kertesz Belane 3.9.1945 (1970)
15.2.1922 (1955)
Nicolau Alexandra
Langos Josza
22.7.1940 (1960)
28.8.1911 (1950)
Perevoznic Maria
Porubski Maria
10.9.1936 (1967)
11.11.1946 (1971)
Pogorevici Maria
Veréci Zsuzsa
10.6.1932 (1957)
19.2.1949 (1969)
Polihroniade Elisabeta
24.4.1935 (1960)
Israel Reicher Rodica
Friedman Clara 4.12.1934 (1970)
13.4.1920 (1966) Teodorescu Margareta
13.4.1932 (1964)
Italy
USA
Benini Clarice
Aronson Karolina Eva
8.1.1905 (1950)
2.3.1908 (1972)
Braun Marilyn May
Mongolia 25.8.1948 (1972)
Handsuren Sandagdorj Gresser Gisela Kahn
5.5.1940 (1972) 1910 (1950)
 International Women Masters 327

Karff Mona Ranniku Maya

20.10.1914 (1950) 1.3.1941 (1964)
Lane Lisa Rootare Salme
1938 (1959) Bisa, LOTS (LO57)
Rubtsova Elena
USSR 4,10.1947 (1970)
Alexandria Nana Rubtsova Olga
13.12.1949 (1966) 20.8.1909 (1950)
Andreieva Olga Rudenko Ludmila
23.4.1937 (1967) 27.7.1904 (1950)
Bikova Elisaveta Saunina Ludmila
4.11.1913 (1950) 9.71902) (1973)
Bilunova Rimma Shul Marta
21.8.1941 (1968) 25.3.1949 (1972)
Borisenko-Belova Valentina Skegina Klara
28.1.1920 (1950) 2.8.1937 (1971)
Chaikovskaya Alla Volpert Larisa
21.6.1934 (1962) 30.3.1926 (1954)
Epstein Esfere Zatulovskaya Tatiana
10.5.1954 (1972) 8.12.1935 (1961)
Gaprindashvili Nona Zvorikina Kira
3.5.1941 (1961) 29.9.1920 (1952)
Gurfinkel Josefa
2.5.1919 (1954)
Ignatieva Olga Yugoslavia
16.10.1920 (1952) Belamarié Tania
Kislova Alexandra 16.7.1946 (1967)
20.12.1946 (1966) Jocié-Zivkovié Ljubica
Konopleva Natalia 25.9.1936 (1966)
23.11.1944 (1970) Jovanovié Katarina
Kozlovskaya Valentina 13.11.1943 (1964)
18.4.1938 (1965) Jovanovié RuZica
Kushnir Alla 29.4.1946 (1971)
11.10.1941 (1962) Konarkowska-Sokolov
Lemachko Tatiana Henryka
16.3.1948 (1971) 14.12.1938 (1961)
Levitina Irena Lazarevié Milunka
8.6.1954 (1972) 1,12.1932 (1954)
Medyanikova Nina Ljiljak Milka
27.1.1936 (1970) 6.4.1942 (1967)
328 International Women Masters

Nedeljkovié-Jovanovié Vera Stadler Tereza

16.9.1929 (1954) 29.9.1936 (1966)

International Women Masters (Deceased)

Bain Mary Graf-Stevenson Sonja
8.6.1904—26.10.1972 (1952) 15.5.1912-6.3.1965 (1950)

International Judges

The title of International Judge, created in 1951, is awarded by the

FIDE Qualification Committee. Candidates for the title must have:
a perfect knowledge of the rules of play and of all FIDE regulations;
absolute objectivity in directing; sufficient knowledge of two FIDE
languages (English, French, German, Russian and Spanish); experi-
ence of controlling at least four important chess events, of which at least
two must have been international. Title-holders are:

Name Country
1951 V. Almirall Castells Spain
TL. Asztalos Hungary
F. Andersson Sweden
L. Balogh Hungary
M. Berman France
tJ. T. Boyd England
A. Brinckmann West Germany
R. de Ory y Barat de Spain
Monte Coro
TL. G. Eggink Netherlands
F. Elek Hungary
M. Euwe Netherlands
M. Golmayo de la Spain
Torriente
Tt Deceased
 International Fudges 329

J. Hanacik Argentina
tI. Horhammer Finland
I, A. Horowitz USA
A. Ilmakunnas Finland
H. Kmoch USA
C. Kottnauer England
A. Kotov USSR
tJ. Mieses England
G. Miliani Italy
K. Opocensky Czechoslovakia
W. H. Pratten England
A. Prorvitch USSR
TV. Ragozin USSR
L. Rellstab West Germany
tA. A. Rider England
W. R. Ritson-Morry England
TP. Romanovsky USSR
F. Rogard Sweden
TA. Rueb Netherlands
J. Sanguinetti Argentina
M. Simm Canada
H. J. J. Slavekoorde Netherlands
1G. Stahlberg Sweden
E. Szabados Italy
V. Chudova USSR
G. Van Harten Netherlands
1M. Vidmar (senior) Yugoslavia
1M. Wertheim USA
M. Yubovich USSR
TG. W. J. Zittersteyn Netherlands
TN. Zubarev USSR
1952 A. Bajec Yugoslavia
TO. Bernstein France
P. Biscay France
G. Ferrantes Italy
E. Heilimo Finland
M. Kantardjiev Bulgaria.
J. Le Bey-Taillis France
{E. Lancel Belgium
T Deceased.
330 International Fudges

P. Lihtonen Finland
TJ. Louma Czechoslovakia
E. Malciu Romania
H. Meyer Switzerland
tH. Meek England
P. A. Monasterio Argentina
O. Nedeljkovié Yugoslavia
Sir George Thomas England
V. Vukovié Yugoslavia
J. K. Willumsen Denmark
1953 V. Alatortsev USSR
L. Gabrovsek Yugoslavia
F. K. Kristensen Denmark
C. Skalicka Argentina
V. Tikhomirova USSR
1954 I. Bondarevsky USSR
H. Golombek England
TH. Helms USA
S. Herseth Norway
A. Nagler Switzerland
TL. Penco Italy
L. Szabo Hungary
A. Vajda Hungary
1955 D. Djaja Yugoslavia
G. Heynen Belgium
J. G. Masia Argentina
J. Sajtar Czechoslovakia
D. Timet Yugoslavia
J. H. Van Meurs England
1956 H. J. Fassbander East Germany
N. Fotino Romania
L. Garkunov USSR
N. Hruskova-Belska Czechoslovakia
O. Kaila Finland
I. Kan USSR
U. Langhaus Romania
Ed Lasker USA
Z. Miller Poland
A. Poisl Czechoslovakia
T Deceased.
 International Judges 331

L. Radzikowski Poland
J. Rokhlin USSR
T. Strandstroem USSR
W. Witkowski Poland
tM. Wrobel Poland
1957 L. Abramov USSR
B. Chamero Cano Spain
H. De Graaf Netherlands
I. Ivanco Czechoslovakia
A. I. Nikolov Bulgaria
G. Ravinsky USSR
Z. P. Stantchev Bulgaria
TR. Strauss East Germany
R. Toran Albero Spain
N. A. Utchormanski Bulgaria
1958 M. Acosta Silva Venezuela
IF. Campomanes Philippines
V. I. Garcia-Serrano Spain
B. Kazic Yugoslavia
V. Mach Czechoslovakia
M. Molerovic Yugoslavia
M. Petronic Yugoslavia
Z. Popovic Yugoslavia
P. Szabados Italy
TS. Vukovic Yugoslavia
R. G. Wade New Zealand
1959 E. Da Cunha Brazil
W. Dorazil Austria
J. N. Fishlock-Lomax England
W. Fohl West Germany
L. Weltjens Belgium
1960 A. R. Avellon Argentina
D. Cabrero Argentina
J. Enevoldsen Denmark
I. Kashdan USA
G. Koltanowski USA
P. Muller-Breil Switzerland
L. Prins Netherlands
H. Toffano Argentina
Tt Deceased.
332 International Judges

1961 N. V. Bakharov Bulgaria

L. I. Boneva Bulgaria
K. Gogiava USSR
W. Heymann Argentina
C. Orbaan Netherlands
TV. Vinogradov USSR
E. Zaks Argentina
1962 S. J. Claros de Corpas Spain
T. Cohnen Austria
B. Friedl Czechoslovakia
G. Gatchechiladze USSR
EK. Kapus Yugoslavia
H. Lommer Great Britain
B. Naglis USSR
A. O’Kelly de Galway Belgium
M. Peljin Yugoslavia
A. Philipp Austria
G. A. Todorov Bulgaria
1963 J. L. Barreras Merino Cuba
A. Bogatin USSR
S. Flohr USSR
S. Furs Poland
A Garcia Cuba
S. Ivkovic Yugoslavia
A. A. Kiprov Bulgaria
C. A. Palacio Cuba
R. Sorribes Torra Spain
1964 A. Becher East Germany
E. Bonsch East Germany
G. Cani Italy
L. M. Demora Brazil
T. Florian Hungary
A. Grischkan Argentina
J. T. Guasch Spain
H. Leuzinger Switzerland
A. Pace Italy
E. Paoli Italy
G. Piccinin Italy
O. Rubtsova USSR
Tt Deceased.
 International Fudges 333

V. Soultanbeieff Belgium
J. G. Spann USA
A. F. Stammwitz England
J. Szily Hungary
M. Volkovisky USSR
E. Volta Italy
Y. Zarubin USSR
1965 A. Akopian USSR
R. Bak Poland
P. Balcaen France
P. Diaconescu Romania
N. Donev Bulgaria
N. Firth Israel
P. Fredouille France
G. Fridstein USSR
G. Goldberg USSR
I. Gudju Romania
F. Hartman Romania
K. Koenigstein Czechoslovakia
B. Krapile USSR
T. Krukova USSR
L. Mohacsi Hungary
A. Osmanbegovic Yugoslavia
J. Paulus France
J. Prokop Yugoslavia
B. Rabar Yugoslavia
F. Suboticonec Yugoslavia
A. Tshakarov Bulgaria
R. B. Vasquez Cuba
I. Zorec Yugoslavia
M. Iskierko Poland
1966 J. Acketa Yugoslavia
S. Ayal Indonesia
P. Carev Yugoslavia
L. Chapiro USSR
G. Moldoveanu Romania
N. Namjil Mongolia
N. Oviekin USSR
K. Popescu Romania
M. Cherkes USSR
334 International Judges

1967 B. Baranov USSR

L. Betbeder-Matibet France
E. Pereiro Spain
E. Samir Tunisia
J. Srom Czechoslovakia
K. Wagner Austria
1968 S. Andjelkovic Yugoslavia
F. P. Azuar Puerto Rico
L. Backstrom Sweden
D. Didjicki Yugoslavia
P. Franic Yugoslavia
Z. Gurevitz Israel
E. Kesselmann USSR
K. Kuszewski Poland
K. A. Lim Singapore
W. Limanowicz Poland
V. Malcoci Romania
V. Mikenas USSR
V. Mahel Czechoslovakia
B. Ravkin USSR
G. H. Simmons England
L. Tserodze USSR
K. Wasilewski Poland
1969 Y. Averbakh USSR
F. Brglez Yugoslavia
R. Cherubim W. Germany
A. Eikrem Norway
Y. Karakchan USSR
P. Klein Ecuador
E. Kupka E. Germany
L. Levant USSR
V. Lippai Yugoslavia
F. Macek Czechoslovakia
H. Seeger Switzerland
L. Vachessar USSR
1970 L. Camara Argentine
K. Rattmann W. Germany
E. Amerongen Israel
M. Anghel Romania
T. Nicoara Romania
 International Fudges 335

TW. Kiihnle-Woods Switzerland

E. Nouz USSR
R. Tudela Venezuela
B. Zarié Yugoslavia
B. Lazarevié Yugoslavia
197] Gurvich, Arkady USSR
Gonzales, Jose Maria Spain
Melis, Rudolph Czechoslovakia
1972 A. Malchev Bulgaria
A. Bobotsova Bulgaria
A. Fabris Yugoslavia
J. Berezin USSR
T. Georgadze USSR
O. Ignatieva USSR
E. Georgoullakes Greece
C. Harvatis Greece
T. Siaperas Greece
J. Hudson USA
F. Skoff USA
S. Gjaltema Holland
G. Arnlaugsson Iceland
V. Owensy Austria
A. Yosha Israel
N. Yungreiz Israel
W. Lookwood Australia
B. Harkin Australia
R. Camara Brazil
N. Nikolevski Yugoslavia
L. Jancev Yugoslavia
F. Brady USA
M. Morrison USA
G. Wagner Austria
M. Grzeskowiak, W. Germany
H. Nottger W. Germany
J. Hoffmann E. Germany
1973 T. Abdelmalek Morocco
S. N. Kadri Tunisia
R. Lhoste France
J. Puig Spain
Tt Deceased.
336 International Judges

G. di Prisa Italy
S. Nobile Italy
R. Palombi Italy
L. Hren Yugoslavia
V. Pirc Yugoslavia
F. Konarkowski Poland
T. Pieprzowski Poland
L. Ostrovsky USSR
A. Heintze E. Germany
P. Haley Canada
W. Lukowiak USA
P. Mann USA
A. R. Francia Argentine
P. G. Bakker Holland
17 The World Chess Federation
(Federation Internationale Des Echecs-FIDE)

Founded in Paris on July 20, 1924. Founder: Pierre Vincent, Paris,

+ 1956. Honorary President: Folke Rogard (6.7.1899-11.6.1973).
President 1924-1949: Alexander Rueb, The Hague, + 1959. President
1949-1970: Folke Rogard. President 1970: Max Euwe, Amsterdam.

Address-List

President
Max Euwe Mensinge 40, Amsterdam-Buitenveldert
Tel.: 020-441340 Netherlands

Deputy-President
Narciso Rabell Méndez Apartado 3845 San Juan,
Tel.: 767-7522, Puerto Rico 00936
Cables: FIDAJEDREZ

Secretary
Ineke Bakker 32, Passerdersgracht Amsterdam-C.,
Tel.: 020-238788 Netherlands
Cables: FIDECHECS-AMSTERDAM

Treasurer

P. Smit De Rougemont-Nes 7, Bergen N. H.,

Tel.: 02208-2942 Netherlands
Auditor
Gian Carlo dal Verme 1, Via Puccini, 20121 Milan,
Tel.: 891121 Italy

Vice-Presidents

Kone 1 (West European Zone)

H. J. Schudel Brigglistrasse 32 4104 Oberwil BL
Switzerland
 338 The World Chess Federation

Xone 2 (Central European Zone)

Wilfried Dorazil Lindenweg 11, A-2380 Perchtoldsdorf,
(Tirolerhofsiedlung) Austria
Kone 3 (East European Zone)
Jaroslav Sajtar Hermanova 45 Prague 7,
Czechoslovakia
Kone 4 (Zone of the USSR)
Boris Rodionov B. Bronnaia, 21-40, Moscow,
Tel.: 299-76-75 USSR

Kone 5 (Zone of the USA)

Fred Cramer 11557 N. Parkview Drive Mequon,
Wisconsin 53092,
USA
Kone 6 (Canadian Zone)
J. G. Prentice 1537 Matthews Ave., Vancouver 9, B.C.
Tel.: (604)738-6332 Canada
Kone 7 (Central American and Caribbean Zone)
José Luis Barreras Comité Olimpico Havana 4,
Merino Hotel Habana Libre Cuba
Kone 8 (South American Zone)
Manuel Velasco Clark Union 1011-2° piso, Of. 4, Lima,
P.O. Box 10063 Peru
Kone 9 (West Asian Zone)
N. Namjil Baga Toirog 55, Ulan Bator,
P.O. Box 236 Mongolia
Kone 10 (East Asian and Australian Zone)
H. M. Hasan 57 Perkins Road, Hong Kong
Jardine’s Lookout

Bureau

The President, the Deputy President, the Secretary

Elected members :
E. B. Edmondson The United States Chess Newburgh, N.Y. 12550,
Federation, USA
479, Broadway,
Tel.: (914)-562-8350
B. Kazié Generala Zdanova 21 V, Belgrade,
Tel.: 335-320 Yugoslavia
Boris Rodionov B. Bronnaia, 21-40, Moscow,
Tel.: 299-76-75 USSR
Jaroslav Sajtar Hermanova 45, Prague 7,
Tel.: 37-58-18 Czechoslovakia,
O. Schgller Larsen Byvej 254 2650 Hvidovre,
Denmark
 Address-List 339

Central Committee

The President, the Deputy President, the Vice-President (delegates of the zones), the Secretary, the
Treasurer, the Auditor, the five elected members of the Bureau, the Administrator of the Permanent
Fund, the Men’s World Champion, the Ladies’ World Champion.

Elected members :
Tibor Florian To6m6-u. P/3, Budapest VIII,
Tel.: 347-056 Hungary
H. Golombek ‘Albury’, Chalfont St Giles,
Albion Crescent Bucks,
Great Britain
Armin Heintze Gubitzstrasse 35 1055 Berlin,
DDR
G. Koshnitsky 139 Fisher Street, Malvern,
Tel.: 71-8009 South Australia 5061
K.-P. Reiber Harvestehuderweg 24 2-Hamburg 13,
German Fed. Republic
Zakhari Petrov Kompex Lenin, Sofia,
Stantchev Block 10a Bulgaria
Rafael Tudela Apartado 59021 Caracas,
Reverter Venezuela
Dr N. Zapler P.O. Box 1989, Haifa,
Tel.: 04-63551 Israel
Prof. I. Gudju (Romanian Chess Federation)

Qualification Committee
President:
Wilfried Dorazil Lindenweg 11, A-2380 Perchtoldsdorf,
(Tirolerhofsiedlung) Austria
Secretary:
Arpad Elo 3945 North Fiebrantz Drive Brookfield, Wisc. 53005,
USA
Members:
1. The Vice-Presidents
2. The elected experts:
Tibor Florian Toém6-u. P/3, Budapest VIII,
Tel.: 347-056 Hungary
Ion Gudju Bd. Ana. Ipatescu 24, Bucarest-22,
sector 1 Romania
Felix Heras Fernandez Alcalde Sainz de Baranda, Madrid 9,
46—2°-A Spain
Tel.: 273-7513
Braslav Rabar Makanceva 13, Zagreb,
Tel.: 414-129 Yugoslavia
Zakhari Petrov Kompex Lenin, Block 10a_ Sofia,
Stantchev Bulgaria
 340 The World Chess Federation

Friedrich Stock Hotel Minerva, Poststr. 6-8, 78 F reiburg/Breisgau,

Tel.: 0761-31450 German Fed. Republic
Gian Carlo dal Verme 1 Via Puccini, 20121 Milan,
Tel.: 891121 Italy

Permanent Commission for the Rules of Play

President :
Max Euwe Mensinge 40, Amsterdam-Btv.,
Tel.: 020-441340 Netherlands
Chairman:
H. J. J. Slavekoorde Goudreinetstraat 125, The Hague,
Tel.: 070-689582 Netherlands
Members:
José Luis Barreras Comité Olimpico, Havana 4,
Merino Hotel Habana Libre Cuba
H. Golombek ‘Albury’,
Chalfont St Giles,
Albion Crescent Bucks,
Great Britain
Ion Gudju Bd. Ana Ipatescu 24, Bucarest-22,
sector 1 Romania
Armin Heintze Gubitzstrasse 35 1055 Berlin,
DDR
Wladyslaw Litmanowicz Flory 1 m. 5 Warsaw,
Poland
Zakhari Petrov Kompex Lenin, Sofia,
Stantchev Block 10a Bulgaria

Permanent Fund

Managing Administrator :
Jean Bricola c/o Copriger SA, 1204 Geneva,
8 rue de la Rétisserie Switzerland
Assistant Administrators:
E. Szabados Dorsoduro 299 I 30123, Venice,
Italy
V. J. Soanes 7 Dacre Close Chigwell, Essex
Great Britain

Statistics
Statistician :
Robert Wiget Boul. Dr Ernest Feltgen 38 Luxembourg
Luxembourg
Assistant Statisticians :
Stefan Furs ul. Jaracza 100/51, Lodz,
Tel.: 856-40 Poland
Hans Seeger Salvemattweg 1 6340-Baar,
Switzerland
 Address-List 341

Affiliated Federations
Country and federation FIDE-delegate Official publication

gone 1 (West European Zone)

Andorra

_ Federacio d’Escacs, Francesc Costa Vinyals,

Valls d’Andorra, Avda Co-De Gaulle 19,
Av. Carlemany, 71-ler, Les Escaldes/Pté d’Andorre
Les Escaldes/Pté d’Andorre Tel. : 20452
Tel. 20.700

Belgium
Féderation Royale des G. Heynen, Bulletin d’Knformation de la
Echecs de Belgique, Cogelslei 17, FREB,
c/o M. Paul Mauquoy, B 2510 Mortsel c/o A. Vermandel,
Martelaarslaan 447, Tel.: 03.49.3244 de Horionlaan 25,
B-9000-Gent B-3814-Ordingen
Tel.: 09.25.1710

England
British Chess Federation, H. Golombek, News-Flash,
Juniper Cottage, ‘Albury’, Albion Crescent, G. H. Simmons,
South Park Crescent, Chalfont St Giles, Scunthorpe, DN 15-8LY
Gerrards Cross Bucks
Bucks. SL 9 8HJ

France

Fédération Frangaise Raoul Bertolo, Bulletin Circulaire

des Echecs, 50 D, Rue de Dole, d’Information,
105, Bvd de Sébastopol, 25-Besangon c/o S. Zinser,
75002 PARIS Tel.: 837015 47 Av. Kennedy,
Tel.: 236-32-55 68 Mulhouse Ol

Guernsey
The Guernsey Chess J. Bisson,
Federation, La Caprice,
c/o Mr LL. M. Jones, Albecq, Castel
Cambria House, Tel.: 56848
15 New Street,
St Peter Port
Guernsey
Tel.: 22830
 342 The World Chess Federation

Country and federation FIDE-delegate Official publication

Ireland

The Irish Chess Union, M. M. Poppin, ICU Newsletter,

Lisnamae, Kill Lane, 50 UPR Leeson Street, c/o W. Lewis,
Foxrock, Dublin 4 14 Anglesa Road,
Co. Dublin Tel.: 65045 Dublin 4
Tel.: 893650

Italy

Federazione Scacchistica Gian Carlo dal Verme, L’Italia Scacchistica,

Italiana, Via Puccini 1, Via Passeroni 6,
Via Metastasio 3, 20121 Milan 20135 Milan
20123 Milan Tel: 891121
Tel.: 874646

Luxembourg
Fédération Donné Haas, Letzeburger Schachspieler,
Luxembourgeoise des 9 Rue D. Schlechter, 5 rue Gaffelt,
Echecs, Luxembourg Dudelange
Address: See Delegate Tel.: 48-14-25

Monaco

Fédération Monégasque, Roger Jusforgues,

des Echecs, Address: See federation
Les Dauphins,
Bd. du Ténao,
Monte Carlo
Tel.: 305113
Telegr.: FEMONEC

Morocco

Fédération Royale, Tber Abdelmalek,

Marocaine des Echecs, Address: See federation
1 rue de Dinant,
Casablanca
Tel.: 430-62

Netherlands

Koninklijke Nederlandse G. Kapsenberg, Schakend Nederland,

Schaakbond, Fred. van Eedenplein 29, c/o H. J. J. Slavekoorde,
Lijnbaansgracht 231 Heemstede Goudreinetstraat 125,
Amsterdam-C. Tel.: 023-283863 The Hague
Tel. :020-238788
 Address-List 33

Country and federation FIDE-delegate Official publication

Portugal
Federacao Portuguesa Joaquim Durao,
de Xadrez, Rua Luciano Cordeiro,
Rua Sociedade 19-r/c E
Farmaceutica 56-2°, Lisboa 1
Lisboa-1 Tel.: 55517/782422
Tel.: 539027

Rhodesia

Rhodesian Chess J. Willis,

Association, 28 Southey Road,
Address: See Delegate Hillside,
Salisbury
Tel.: 84269

Scotland

Scottish Chess Association H. D. Holmes, Scottish Chess,

Address: See Delegate 18 Summer Brae, W. P. Watson,
Newmachar, 64 Rockall Drive,
Aberdeenshire Glasgow, 8.4
Tel.: Newmachar 412
Telegr.: EGCOCHECS
NEWMACHAR

South Africa

Chess Federation for j. L. A. Pfundt, South African Chess Player,

Southern Africa, Address: See federation P.O. Box 4513,
c/o P.O. Box 11266, Cape Town
Johannesburg
Transvaal
Tel.: 838-1653

Spain
Federacién Espanola de Felix Heras Fernandez,
Ajedrez, Alcalde Sainz de Baranda
Coslada 10 4° drch?, 46 2° A,
Madrid 28 Madrid 9
Tel. :255.69.63 eur atosL oko
Telegr.: FEDAJEDREZ
 344 The World Chess Federation

Country and federation FIDE-delegate Official publication

Switzerland

Fédération Suisse d’Echecs Dr H. J. Schudel, Schweizerische Schachzeitung,

c/o Henri Le Comte Briigglistrasse 32, c/o W. Kihnle-Woods,
Av. des Bergierés 22, 4104 Oberwil BL Honggerstrasse 80
1004 LAUSANNE Tel.: 061-541914 8037 Ziirich
Tel. 021-246191

Tunisia

Fédération Tunisienne R. Belkadi, La Revue des Echecs,

des Echecs, Address: See federation M. Bechin Kchouk,
13 Rue Dar El-Djeld, 22 Rue El Karshani
Tunis 1 Tunis

Wales
Welsh Chess Union, R. K. Clues, Y Draig,
c/o F. G. Hatto, Station Chambers, c/o T. LL. Jones,
Llangennech Park, Aberystwyth, Ty’r Ysgol,
Llangennech Cards. Maesllyn
Llanelli, Carms Tel.: Aberystwyth 7600 Llandysul, Cards.
Tel.: Llangennech 565

Kone 2 (Central European Zone)

Austria
Osterreichischer Prof. K. Jungwirth,
Schachbund, Address: See federation
Herrengasse 16, Landhaus
A-8010 Graz
Tel.: (03122)76311

Denmark

Dansk Skak Union, O. Scholler Larsen, Skakbladet,

Address: See Delegate Byvej 254, c/o Hans Rasmussen,
2650 Hvidovre Egebjergvej 34,
Tel.: 01-788128 8220 Braband

Faroe Islands

Talvsamband Feroya, Samson Hojgaard,

c/o Thomsen, 3860 Vestmanna
Rasmussargota 7
3800 Torshavn
Tel.: 1588
 Address-List 345

Country and federation FIDE-delegate Official publication

Finland
Central Chess Federation Eero Helme, Suomen Shakki,
of Finland (Suomen Kulosaaren puistotie 42, c/o Matti Nukari,
Keskushakkiliitto r.y.) as. 37 Kasavuorentie 12 D 6,
Address: See Delegate 00570 Helsinki Kauniainen
Telegr.: INPLAN

German Democratic Republic

Deutscher Schachverband, Armin Heintze, Schach,
Storkower Strasse 118, Gubitzstrasse 35, Neustadtische
1055 Berlin 1055-Berlin Kirchstrasse 15,
Tel.: 5384-363 Tel.: 566.37.04 108 Berlin
Telegr:
SCHACHVERBAND DDR
1055 BERLIN

German Federal Republic

Deutscher Schachbund e.V., Ludwig Schneider, Deutsche Schachblatter,
Address: See Delegate Wilhelm-Busch-Str. 10, Robert-Koch-Str. 21,
8 Miinchen 71 6451 Grosskrotzenburg,
Tel.: 0811/797977 Deutsche Schachzeitung,
Wilseder Strasse 2,
1 Berlin-41
Schach-Echo,
Wiesbadenerstrasse 26,
6240 K6nigstein/Taunus

Iceland
Skaksamband Islands Gudmundur G.
P.O. Box 674 Thorarinsson,
Reykjavik Langholtsvegur 167a,
Reykjavik
elie 38579

Norway
Norges Sjakkforbund Arnold J. Eikrem, Norsk Tidsskrift for Sjakk
P.O. Box 795 Sverdrups vei 47, P.O. Box 121
Trondhjem Trondhjem 1346 Gjettum/Oslo
Tel.: 24387 Tel.: 26154
Telex: 55.192
 346 The World Chess Federation

Country and federation FIDE-delegate Official publication

Sweden

Sveriges Schackforbund Birger Ohman, Tidskrift for Schack,

Brannkyrkagatan 71 Valhallavagen 98, P.O. Box 7123
117.23 Stockholm 114.27 Stockholm 402.32 Géteborg
Tel.: 08-684840 08-694807 Tel.: 08-215043
Telegr.: SUEDECHECS

Kone 3 (East European Zone)

Albania

Commission Centrale des Prof. Bujar Hoxha,

Echecs de la Rép. Populaire Address: See federation
d’Albanie,
Rruga Kongresi i
Permetit 41,
Tirana
Tel.: 24-26, 54-06
Telegr.: ALBSPORT

Bulgaria
Bulgarischer Schachverband Wladimir Rangelov, Shakhmatna Missal,
Boul. Tolbuchin 18, ‘Jakubitza’ Str. 2, Boul. Saimov 54,
Sofia Sofia Sofia
Tel.: 86-51 Tel.: 883702

Cyprus
The Cyprus Chess Andreas Lantias,
Association, P.O. Box 3603,
43 Themest. Dervis Street, Nicosia
Nicosia Tel.: 4485
Tel.: 44485

Czechoslovakia

Ceskoslovensky Sachovy Ing. Jaroslav Sajtar, Ceskoslovensky Sach,

Svaz, Hermanova 45, Jiri Podgorny,
Na Porici 12, Prague 7 Klimentské 1
Prague | Tel.: 375818 Prague 1
Tel.: 249841
Telegr.: SPORTSVAZ
 Address-List 347

Country and federation FIDE-delegate Official publication

Greece

Greek Chess Federation, S. T. Hassiotis, Ellinika Skakistika Chronika,

72 Akademias Street, Address: See federation Address: See federation
Athens-142
Tel.: 631-187, 618-652
Telegr.: CHESSFED

Hungary
Hungarian Chess Federation Tibor Florian, Magyar Sakkélet
(Magyar Sakkszévetseg), Tomé-u. P/3 Address: See federation
Néphadsereg u.10 Budapest- VIII
Budapest-V Tel.: 347-056
Tel.: 116-616

Lebanon

Fédération Libanaise Mohamed Mourad Succar,

des Echecs, B.P. 1655,
B.P. 4055, Beyrouth
Beyrouth Tel.: 305912/300621
Tel.: 300.621
Telegr.: SUCCARMO

Malta
Malta Chess Federation, A. Gouder, Malta Chess Magazine,
5/5 Merchants Street, Address: See federation c/o A. Casha,
Valletta 119 L, Kapikwa Road
Tel.: 27743

Poland

Polski Zwiazek Szachowy, Stefan Furs, Szachy,

ul. Czerniakowska 126A ul. Jaracza 100/51, Wspolna 61,
Warsaw Lodz Warsaw
Tel.: 414192 Tel.: 856-40
Telegr.: PZX-SZACH

Romania

Federatia Romana de Sah, F. Hartman, Revista de Sah,

Str. Vasile Conta 16, Address: See federation P.O. Box 34,
Bucarest Bucarest
Teast tatoo
Telegr.: SPORTROM
Telex: 180
 348 The World Chess Federation

Country and federation FIDE-delegate Official publication

Turkey

Turkish Chess Federation, Orhan Giinsav,

Tokatliyan Is Hani Kat, 4, Address: See federation
No. 13
Beyoglu-Istanbul
Tel.: 492742

Yugoslavia
Sahovski Savez Jugoslavije, Bozidar Kazié, Sahovsky Glasnik,
Nusiéeva 25/II, Generala Zdanova 21/V, Zrinjski trg 3,
Postfah 504, Belgrade Zagreb.
Belgrade Tel.: 335-320 Mat,
Tel.: 334-642 7 Jula 30
Telegr.: YUGOCHESS Belgrade

Kone 4 (Kone of the USSR)

USSR Chess Federation Boris Rodionov, Shakhmaty v SSR,
4 Scatertnyi Pereulok, B. Bronnaia, 21-40, Gogolevsky Bulvar 14,
Moscow G-69, Moscow Moscow G.19
Tel.: 2902490 Tel. :299-76-75 Shakhmainy Bulleten,
Telegr.: Gogolevsky Bulvar 14,
SPORTKOMITET SSSR Moscow G.19

Kone 5 (Kone of the USA)

The United States Chess E. B. Edmondson, Chess Life & Review,
Federation, Address: See federation Address: See federation
479 Broadway
Newburgh, N.Y. 12550

Kone 6 (Canadian Zone)

The Chess Federation J. G. Prentice, Canadian Chess Chat,
of Canada, Address: See federation c/o Dr N. J. Divinisky,
1337 The Crescent, Dept of Mathematics,
Vancouver 9, B.C. Un. of British Columbia,
Tel.: (604)738-1848 Vancouver 8, B.C.
Telegr.: WOODCOT Chess Canada,
c/o W. Dobrich,
13 Fulton Ave,
Toronto 355, Ontario
 Address-List 349

Country and federation FIDE-delegate Official publication

Rone 7 (Central American and Caribbean one)

Colombia

Federacién Colombiana Dr Carlos Holguin, Ajedrez de Colombia,

de Ajedrez, Pelaez, Address: See federation
Calle 15 No. 13-82, Apartado Aéreo No. 27571,
Apartado Aéreo 53.75, Bogota
Bogota, D.E.
Tel.: 429289
Telegr.: FECODAZ

Costa Rica

Asociacién Costarricense Carlos Villalobos,

de Ajedrez, Address: See federation
Casa Espana,
San José

Cuba

Federacién Cuban de Oscar Cuesta Torres, Jaque Mate,

Ajedrez Address: See federation Address: See federation
Hotel Habana Libre,
Havana 4
Tel.: 328441
Telegr.: OLIMPICUBA

Dominican Republic
Federacién Dominicana Rafael Damirén Dickson, Ajedrez Dominicano
de Ajedrez, Calle ‘I’? Sur No. 2, Address: See federation
Apartado No. 7, Los Prados,
Santo Domingo Santo Domingo
Tel.: 68.95.909 Tel.: 56.54.020
Telegr.: ARGOMANIZ

Ecuador

Federacién Deportiva, Paul Klein,

Nacional del Ecuador, Casilla 155,
Casilla 3409, Guayaquil
Guayaquil
Tel.: 512-416
Telegr.: FEDENADOR
 350 The World Chess Federation

Country and federation FIDE-delegate Official publication

Guatemala

Federacién Nacional de
Ajedrez,
Apartado Postal 1452,
Guatemala, C.A.

Jamaica

The Jamaican Chess Chess Bulletin of Jamaica,

Federation 39 University Close,
43 University Crescent, Kingston 7
Kingston G
Tel.: 927-8179

Mexico

Federacién Nacional de Ing. Raul Reza Delon,

_Ajedrez de Mexico, A.C., Humbolt No. 300,
Apartado Postal 5-359 San Luis Potosi, §.L.P.
MEXICO 5, D.F. Tel.: 2-68-19

Netherlands Antilles

Ned.-Ant. Schaakbond, Miguel A. Pourier,

c/o J. Celso Plaate, Matancia z/n,
Schonegevelstraat 32, Curacao, N.A.
Willemstad, Curacao N.A.
Tel.: 81132

Nicaragua

Federacién Nacional de Manuel Jarquin Arguello,

Ajedrez de Nicaragua, P.O. Box 1162,
P.O. Box 3736, Managua
Managua
Tel.: 2-4262
Telegr.: FENANIC

Panama

Federacién Nacional de Juan Ramon Martinez,

Ajedrez de Panama, Address: See federation
Apartado 8394
Zona 7, Panama, R.P.
Tel.: 62.53.46
 Address-List 351

Country and federation FIDE-delegate Official publication

Puerto Rico

Federacién de Ajedrez, Mr Colon, Ajedrez,

de Puerto Rico, Address: See federation Address: See federation
Apartado 3182,
San Juan
Puerto Rico 00904

Salvador

Federacién Nacional de Dr Ramén Lucio

Ajedrez de El Salvador, Fernandez,
Primera Avenida Norte 1013, Address: See federation
San Salvador
Telegr.: FENADES

Trinidad and Tobago

Trinidad and Tobago Chess
Association,
c/o Mr Kenneth Philip,
Auzonville Road,
St Augustine,
Trinidad W.I.

Venezuela
Federacién Venezolana Rafael Tudela Reverter,
de Ajedrez, Apartado 59021,
Apartado 61009, Los Chaguaramos,
Caracas Caracas
Telegr.: FEVECA Tel.: 615128
Telegr.: HIDROCA

Virgin Islands
Virgin Islands Chess Julio Francis Edwards, Chessnews,
Federation, Address: See federation § Hospital grounds 310
P.O. Box 2412, Apt. 2-A
St Thomas, V.I. 00801 St Thomas, V.I. 00801
Tel.: 774-0904
Telegr.: CHESSFED
 352 The World Chess Federation

Country and federation FIDE-delegate Official publication

Kone 8 (South American Zone)

Argentina
Federacién Argentina Emilio Daniel Rosso,
de Ajedrez, Soldado de la
San Juan 3971, Independencia 1490,
Buenos Aires Buenos Aires
Tel.: 40-4718
Telegr.: FAJEDREZ

Bolivia
Federacién Boliviana Jorge Sanguineti,
de Ajedrez, Congreso 572-Bernal Pica
Yanacocha 599 (Edificio, de Buenos Aires,
Iglesias) 3er piso Of. 8 Buenos Aires,
La Paz Argentina

Brazil

Confederagao Brasileira Ronald Camara, Boletim Informativo da C.B.X.

de Xadrez, Address: See federation Palacio Progrosso,
P.O. Box 1266, Tel.: 21-2659 10° Salaldo,
60.000 Fortaleza-Ceara,
60.000 Fortaleza-Ceara
Tel.: 26-3519
Telegr.: XEQUEMATE

Chili
Federacién de Ajedrez
de Chile,
Serrano 14, Of. 102,
Santiago

Paraguay
Circulo Paraguayo de Dr Eduardo Saguier,
Aiedrez, Iturburu,
Calle Alberdi No. 320-3er Address: See federation
Piso, Of. 302/3,
Asuncién
Tel.: 44-434
 Address-List 353

Country and federation FIDE-delegate Official publication

Peru

Federacién Peruana de Manuel Velasco, Tablero de Ajedrez,

Ajedrez, P.O. Box 10275, Address: See federation
P.O. Box 10063, Lima
Lima Tel.: 279556
Telegr.: FEPEJEDREZ

Uruguay

Federacién Uruguaya de Bolivar Escudero,

Ajedrez, Address: See federation
Casa de los Deportes Artigas
Canelones 978,
Montevideo

Kone 9 (West Asian Kone)

India

All India Chess Federation, S. D. Sakhalkar,

16 Sri Dhootpapeshwar, Address: See federation
Prasad,
Mangalwadi, Girgaum
Bombay 4
Tel.: 355659

Iran

Iranian Chess Federation, M. Savodkooni,

P.O. Box 3263 Address: See federation
Teheran
Tel.: 643.77
Telegr.: IRANSHATRANG

Iraq
Iraqi Chess Federation
P.O. Box 384
Baghdad
Tel.: 518064
 354 The World Chess Federation

Country and federation FIDE-delegate Official publication

Israel

Israel Chess Federation, Yoseph Porat, Shachmat

P.O. Box 21143, Ramot Hashavim Address: See federation
Tel Aviv Tel.: 03-926069
Tel.: 03-258102
Telegr.: ISRACHESS

Mongolia
Mongolian Chess Federation, N. Namijil,
Baga toirog 55, Address: See federation
P.O. Box 236,
Ulan Bator
Telegr.: MONGOLCHESS

Syria
Syrian Chess Federation, |Husam Manakly,
P.O. Box 421, Address: See federation
Damascus
Tel.: 331511

Kone 10 (East Asian and Australian Zone)

Australia

Australian Chess Federation, G. Koshnitsky,

G. Hartland, 139 Fisher Street,
6 Andrew Street, Malvern,
Forest Hill, South Australia 5061
Victoria 313] Tel.: Adelaide 718009
Melbourne

Hong Kong
Hong Kong Chess H. M. Hasan,
Association, 57 Perkins Road,
Mr R. L. Hobson, Jardine’s Lookout,
5a Macdonnell Road Hong Kong
4th Floor,
Hong Kong
 Address-List 355

Country and federation FIDE-delegate Official publication

Indonesia
Pertjasi, Rear Admiral F. Sumanti, Bulletin Pertjasi,
Djl. Sriwidjaja No. 11, Djl. Galuh 1/21, Djl. H. A. Salim 19 atas,
Djakarta Kebajoran, Djakarta
Tel.: 71316 Djakarta
Tel: 71316

Japan
Japan Chess Association, |§Hidenori Takahashi, The Chess Salon,
c/o Hidenori Takahashi, Kamisoshigaya 2—6—17, Address: See federation
Hikariso 1-C,
Setagayaku,
Tokyo-157
Tel.: 307-2767

Malaysia
Chess Association of Malaya, E. C. Fang,
76 Pudu Road, Address: See federation
Kuala Lumpur,
Tel.: 823.84
Telegr.: HALUAR

New Zealand

New Zealand Chess A. S. Hollander, NCA Bulletin,

Association, P.O. Box 2434, 41 Nancy Avenue,
Address: See Delegate Christchurch Christchurch 5
Tel.: 517-469

Philippines
Philippine Chess Federation, Florencio Campomanes, Philippine Chess
P.O. Box 111 P.O. Box 111, Review
Manila Manila 1718 Dian Street,
Telegi: PHILCHESSFED Makati Rizal

Singapore

Singapore Chess Federation, Dr K. A. Lim, Singapore Chess Bulletin,

P.O. Box 190, c/o Faculty of Medicine, 3 Leyden Hill,
Killiney Road, University of Singapore, Singapore 11
Singapore 9 Singapore 3
Tel.: 92681
Telegr.: UNIVIRUS
 356 The World Chess Federation
Country and federation FIDE-delegate Official publication

Thailand

The Royal Bangkok Sports

Club,
1 Henry Dunant Road,
Bangkok
Tel.: 57051
Telegr.: SPORTSCLUB

Commission for the Activities of Ladies’ Chess

President : :
Mrs M. Lazarevic Ranka Tajsica 7/II * 110.40 Belgrade,
Tel.: 466-151 Yugoslavia
Secretary
Sergiu Samarian Str. Galati 79, Ap. 2 Bucarest
Tel.: 125888 Romania

Delegate for the Activities of Junior Chess

Jaroslav Sajtar Hermanova 45, Prague 7,
Tel.: 375818 Czechoslovakia

International Braille Chess Association

A. Bestman, Roerdompstraat 17, Baarn, Netherlands

Association of Chess Journalists

President: Jorge Puig, 32 Travesera de Dalt, Barcelona, Spain

Chess Informant
Alexander Matanovié, ul. 7. Juli 30, POB 739, Belgrade, Yugoslavia

Permanent Commission for Chess Compositions

President: Gerhard W. Jonsch, Liederbacher Str. 85, 623 Frankfurt 80, German FR

International Correspondence Chess Federation

President: Hans Werner v. Massow, Ottersbekallee 21, Hamburg 19
Index of Games and Positions

Bold indicates that the first-named player

yy is White. p after a number indicates ‘position’.

ABRAMAVICIUS-Richter 17 CAPABLANCA-Alekhine 220, Czerniak

AGUSTSSON-Barcza 59 39, Lasker 218
ALEKHINE-Bogoljubow 221, 221, CARDOSO-Rossetto 166p
Capablanca 220, Eliskases 39, Euwe CASTALDI-Myhre 48, Reshevsky 47,
222, 223, Mattison 22, Stahlberg 17 Tartakower 32
ALEXANDER-Kashdan 31 CHIGORIN-Steinitz 210, 211
ANDERSEN B-Uhlmann 88 CIOCALTEA-Korchnoi 119, Tringov
ANDERSEN E-B66k 29, Hilse 14 103
ANGOS-Rojahn 71p CIRIC-Spassky 145
APSCHENEEK-Cruz 40p, Maréczy 25, CLARKE-Petrosian 71p
A. Steiner 13, Trifunovié 32 COBO-Karpov 119
ASZTALOS-Yates 8 COMBE-Hassenfuss 26
AVERBAKH-Kotov 154 CONSTANTINOU-Rossolimo 121p
CRUZ-—Apscheneek 40p
CZERNIAK-Capablanca 39
BACHMANN-R. Byrne 52
BARCZA-Agustsson 59, Kotov 164,
DANIELSSON-Reed 40, Rethy 29
Smyslov 53, 65
DARGA-Spassky 82
BARDA-Keller 66
DIEKS-Belyavsky 287
BARKER-Ivkov 270 DOMNITZ-—Pfleger 87
BASMAN-Levy 156, Savon 151 DONNER-Filip 59, Portisch 101
BEDNARSKI-Fischer 96, Geller 110
DUCHAMP-H. Miller 13
BELYAVSKY-Dieks 287, Miles 287
DUCIC-—Hartston 96
BENKO-Fischer 187
DUCKSTEIN-Kottnauer 88, Kramer
BEUTUM-Reca 12 63, Matanovié 64, Pachman 83
BIELICKI-—Rumens 275
DUEBALL-Gereben 12I1p
BIKOVA-Gaprindashvil 266 DULANTO-Yanofsky 39
BILEK~-Keres 77 DUNKELBLUM-Flohr 33
BLUMICH-Grau 14 DWORZYNSKI-Keres 65
BOBOTSOV-Portisch 120, Tal 140
BOGOLJUBOW-Alekhine 221, JH4 ELISKASES-Alekhine 39, Lopez 40,
Flohr 22 Muffang 28
BOLESLAVSKY-Smyslov 182 EMMA-Ljubojevié 120
BONDAREVSKY-Trifunovié 162 ENDZELINS-—Pleci 38
BOOK-E. Andersen 29, Euwe 48, ENEVOLDSEN-Wexler 63
Najdorf 32, O’Kelly 47 ERETOVA-Lazarevié 255, Rubtsova
BOTVINNIK-Bronstein 226, Euwe 225, 253
Petrosian 230, Salo 59, Smyslov 226, EUWE-Alekhine 222, 223, Boék 48,
227, Tal 228, 229, Unzicker 56 Botvinnik 225, Fischer 76, Griinfeld 9,
BRONSTEIN-Botvinnik 226, Keres 165, Keres 32, Lilienthal 33p, Mastichiadis
182, Ljubojevié 178, Rojahn 64,
46
Stoltz 53
EVANS-Spassky 82
BROWNE-Sarapu 122p
BYRNE R.-Bachmann 52, Fischer 171, FACTOR-Regedzinski 12
Taimanov 178 FAIRHURST-Larsen 65
FILIP—Donner 59, Korchnoi 110
CALVO-Korchnoi 95 FINE-Reilly 29
 358 Index of Games and Positions
FISCHER-Bednarski, 96, Benko 187, KAPLAN-Timman 281
R. Byrne 171, Euwe 76, Gligorié¢ 82,
KARFF-Keller-Hermann 252
Korchnoi 190, Larsen 172, Mufioz 76, KARPOV-Cobo 119, Juhnke 283, Witt-
Petrosian 202, Portisch 95, 110, mann 157
Smyslov 173, Spassky 109, 241, KASHDAN-Alexander 31, Flohr 17, 25,
Taimanov 201, Uhlmann 109 Mikenas 21, Rubinstein 21, Stahlberg
FLOHR-Bogoljubow 22, Dunkelblum
18, A. Steiner 33, Taube 13
33, Kashdan 17, 25, Sultan Khan 21 :
KAVALEK-Gligorié 120, Hodos 149
Yates 19 KEENE-Ghizdavu 281
KELLER-Barda 66
GAPRINDASHVILI-Bikova 266, KELLER-HERMANN-Karff 252
Kushnir 267 KERES-Bilek 77, Bronstein 165, 182,
GELLER-Bednarski 110, Lombardy Dworzynski 65, Euwe 32, Sajtar 57,
11lp, Panno 185, Smyslov 185, Szabo 52, Winter 28
193, Spassky 197 KINZEL-—Wade 82
GEREBEN-Dueball 121p KONIG-Lundin 22
GERUSEL-Lombardy 274 KORCHNOI-Calvo 95, Ciocaltea 119,
GHEORGHIU-Janata 278, Savon 150 Filip 110, Fischer 190, Larsen 177,
GHITESCU-Reshevsky 88 Petrosian 190, Spassky 197
GHIZDAVU-Keene 281 KOSTJOERIN-Lantsias 96
GIBBS-Schmid 102 KOTOV-Averbakh 184, Barcza
GILFER-Penrose 51 164,
Prins 58
GIPSLIS-Larsen 171 KOTTNAUER-Diickstein 88
GLIGORIC-Fischer 82, Kavalek 120, KRAMER-Diickstein 63
Larsen 63, Lombardy 70, Portisch KROGIUS-Olafsson 135
112p, Unzicker 47 KURAJICA-Hiibner 280
GOLOMBEK-~-Popa 29p KUSHNIR-Gaprindashvili 267
GRAF-Menchik 262
GRAU-Bliimich 14, Petrov 39 LANTSIAS-Kostjoerin 96
GRUNFELD-Euwe 9 LARSEN-Fairhurst 65, Fischer 172,
GULBRANDSEN-Parma 277 Gipslis 171, Gligori¢é 63, Korchnoi 177,
GUNSBERG-Steinitz 210 Lombardy 139, Najdorf 102, Petrosian
95, Reshevsky, 102, Tal 193
HANNINEN-Milner-Barry 65 LASKER-Capablanca 218, Janowski
HARTSTON-Ducic 96
216, 217, Marshall 214, Schlechter
HASSENFUSS-Combe 26 216, Steinitz 212, 213, Tarrasch 215
HAVASI-Sacconi 25 LAZAREVIC-Eretova 255
HEIKKILA-Scafarelli 271 LEE-Minié 147, Radulov 149
HEYNS-Siaperas 103 LEV Y-Basman 156
HILSE-E. Andersen 14 LILIENTHAL-Euwe 33p, Najdorf 162
HODOS-Kavalek 149 LJUBOJEVIC-Bronstein 178, Emma
HONLINGER-Jacobson 14 120
HORT-Hug 121 LOFTI-Reid 70
HUBNER-Kurajica 280, Petrosian 121 LOMBARDY-Geller 111p, Gerusel 274,
HUG-Hort 121, Vaganian 284 Gligori¢ 70, Larsen 139, Spassky 142,
Vranesic 112p
INGERSLEV-Ivkov 64 LOPEZ-Eliskases 40
WEA tae | 270, Ingerslev 64, Tal LUNDIN-K6Gnig 22, Silva-Rocha 40
138
JACOBSON-H6nlinger 14 MARKLAND-Stoica 159
JAKOBSEN-Tal 119 MAROCZY-Apscheneek
JANATA-Gheorghiu 278 25, Réti 9,
JANOWSKI-Lasker 216, 217 Rubinstein 18, Vukovié 10
MARSHALL-Lasker 214, Treybal 19p,
JOHANNESSEN-Schweber 273
25
JOHANSSON I. R.~Z. Nilsson 58
JOHANNSON M.-Pomar 95 MASTICHIADIS—Euwe 46
MATANOVIC-Diickstein 64
JUHNKE-Karpov 283 MATTISON-Alekhine 22
MATULOVIC-Tringov 111, Witt 88
KAGAN-Westerinen -153 Bierrina heh
KALABAR-Palau 6
178, Unzicker
1
 Index of Games and Positions 359
MENCHIK-Graf 262 REILLY-Fine 29
MIKENAS-Kashdan 21 RESHEVSKY-Castaldi 47, Ghitescu
MILES-Belyavsky 287 88, Larsen 102, Mecking 178, Najdorf
MILEV-Tal 69 52, Schmid 110, Tarnowski 53,
MILNER-BARRY-Hanninen 65 Tartakower 47, Unzicker 70
MINIC-Lee 147 RETHY-Danielsson 29
MONTICELLI-Najdorf 28, Thomas 24 RETI-Maréczy 9
MORA-Taimanov 136 RICHTER-Abramavicius 17
MORCKEN-Porreca 48 ROJAHN-Angos 71p, Bronstein 64
MUFFANG~Eliskases 28, Naegeli 13 ROSSELLI DEL TURCO-Sultan Khan
MULLER H.—Duchamp 13 26
MUNOZ-Fischer 76 ROSSETTO-Cardoso 166
MYHRE-Castaldi 48 ROSSOLIMO-Constantinou 121
RUBINSTEIN-Kashdan 21, Maréczy
NAEGELI-—Muffang 13, Yates 9 18
NAJDORF-Bo6k 32, Larsen 102, RUBTSOVA-Eretova 253
Lilienthal 162, Monticelli 28, Portisch RUMENS-Bielicki 275, Tomson 275
81, Reshevsky 52, Tal 76
NILSSON Z.-I. R. Johansson 58 SACCONI-Havasi 25, Vajda 13
NOTEBOOM-Voisin 17 SAJTAR-Keres 57
SALO-Botvinnik 59
SARAPU-Browne 122p
O’KELLY-B66k 47
SAVON-Basman 151, Gheorghiu 150
OLAFSSON-Krogius 135
SAX-Tukmakov 158
OZOLS-Reid 33 SCAFARELLI-Heikkila 271p
SCHLECHTER-Lasker 216
PACHMAN-Diickstein 82, Stahlberg SCHMID-Gibbs 102, Reshevsky 110,
57, Uhlmann 96 Smyslov 53
PALAU-Kalabar 6, Strautmanis 14 SCHWEBER- Johannessen 273
Sep sae 185, Sherwin 271, Tal SHERWIN-Panno 271
6 SIAPERAS-Heyns 103
PARMA-Gulbrandsen 277, Tringov 146 SILVA-ROCHA-Lundin 40
PENROSE-Gilfer 51, Smyslov 70, SMYSLOV-Barcza 53, 65, Boleslavsky
Sdéderborg 141, Tal 76, Ulvestad 111p 182, Botvinnik 226, 227, Fischer 173,
PETROSIAN-Botvinnik 230, Clarke Geller 185, 193, Penrose 70, Pytlakow-
7lp, Fischer 202, Hubner 121, ski 51, Schmid 53, Tal 186, Unzicker
Korchnoi 190, Larsen 95, Spassky 87
231, 231, Taimanov 184, Wade 77 SODERBORG-~Penrose 141
PETROV-Grau 39 SPASSKY-Cirié 145, Darga 82, Evans
PFLEGER-Domnitz 87 82, Fischer 109, 241, Geller 197,
PIRC-van Scheltinga 48 Korchnoi 197, Lombardy 142, Petro-
PLACHETKA-Spassov 155 sian 231, 231, Van Oosterom 273
PLECI-Endzelins 38 SPASSOV-Plachetka 155
POMAR-M. Johansson 95 SPIELMANN-L. Steiner 22
POPA-Golombek 29p STAHLBERG-Alekhine 17, Kashdan
PORRECA-Morcken 48 18, Pachman 57, Szabo 53
PORTISCH-Bobotsov 120, Donner 101, STEIN-—Portisch 167, Zinn 144
Fischer 95, 110, Gligori¢é 112p, STEINER A.—Apscheneek 13, Kashdan
Najdorf 81, Stein 167, Yanofsky 71 33
PRIMAVERA-Rabar 46 STEINER H.-Stoltz 163
PRINS-Kotov 58 STEINER L.-Spielmann 22
PRITCHETT-Wright 156 STEINITZ-Chigorin 210, 211, Gunsberg
PYTLAKOWSKI-Smyslov 51 210, Lasker 212, 213, Zukertort 208
STOICA-Markland 159
RABAR-Primavera 46 STOLTZ-Bronstein 53, H. Steiner 163
RADULOV-Lee 149 STRAUTMANIS-Palau 14
RECA-Beutum 12 SULTAN KHAN-Flohr 21, Rosselli del
REED-Danielsson 40 Turco 26
REGEDZINSKI-Factor 12 SZABO-Keres 52, Stahlberg 53,
REID-Lofti 70, Ozols 33 Unzicker 58
360 Index of Games and Positions
TAIMANOV-R. Byrne 178, Fischer 201, UNZICKER-Botvinnik 56, Gligorié 47,
Mora 136, Petrosian 184 Mecking 102, Reshevsky 70, Smyslov
TAL-Bobotsov 140, Botvinnik 228, 229, 87, Szabo 58
Ivkov 138, Jakobsen 119, Larsen 193,
Miler 69, Najdorf 76, Panno 166, VAGANIAN-Hug 284 .
Penrose 76, Smyslov 186, Tringov VAJDA-Sacconi 13
168 VAN OOSTEROM-Spassky 273
TARNOWSKI-Reshevsky 53 VAN SCHELTINGA-Pirc 48
TARRASCH-Lasker 215 VOISIN-Noteboom 17
TARTAKOWER-Castaldi 32, Resh- VRANESIC-Lombardy 112p
evsky 47 VUKOVIC-Maréczy 10
TAUBE-Kashdan 13
THOMAS-Monticelli 24 WADE-Kinzel 82, Petrosian 77
TIMMAN-Kaplan 281 WESTERINEN-Kagan 153
TOMSON-Rumens 275 WEXLER-Enevoldsen 63
TREYBAL-Marshall 19p, 25 WINTER-Keres 28
TRIFUNOVIC-—Apscheneek 32, Bonda- WITT-Matulovié 88
revsky 162 WITTMANN-Karpov 157
TRINGOV-Ciocaltea 103, Matulovié WRIGHT-Pritchett 156
lllp, Parma 146, Tal 168
TUKMAKOV-Sax 158 YANOFSKY-Dulanto 39, Portisch 71
YATES-Asztalos 8, Flohr 19, Naegeli 9
UHLMANN-B. Andersen 88, Fischer
109, Pachman 96 ZINN-Stein 144
ULVESTAD-Penrose 111p ZUKERTORT:-Steinitz 208
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Note on the author

Bozidar M. KaZi¢ is a prominent Yugoslav

chess official, an international chess referee,
member of the FIDE Bureau and a journalist.
He is the Secretary-General of the Yugoslav
Chess Federation, and as of 1960 a perma-
nent delegate to FIDE. He took part in the
first Yugoslav Chess Championship in 1945.
He was the winner of the 1954 Yugoslav
Correspondence Championship.

Mr. Kazicé was on-the-spot reporter for

Tanjug, the Yugoslav news agency, at the
Fischer-Spassky match in Reykjavik. Tanjug
was the first news agency in the world to
announce that Fischer had become the new
world champion. Its reporter was the first to
call in that Spassky had resigned the 2lst
game of the match.
 The activities of the International Chess Federation (FIDE)
started in 1924 at Paris, and since then have been extended
regularly. Since the second world war they have increased in such
a way that it becomes difficult to keep control of everything...
At Paris in 1924 a team tournament was held between more than
ten countries and at the same time a tournament for the amateur
world championship took place. This last-mentioned event was
only repeated in 1928 and after that FIDE rightly abandoned this
kind of competition, as it became clear that in chess the line
between amateur and professional could not be drawn in a fair
and proper way.

In the years between the two world wars the team tournaments
were held at intervals of one or two years, depending upon
circumstances, such as the organization of other activities in the
chess world. The number of participating teams was gradually
growing, and in Buenos Aires, 1939, a record of 27 was reached.

After the war FIDE took over the regulation of the individual
world championship — the highest honour in chess — and then
continually developed new activities. To mention a few: the
ladies’ world championship, ladies’ team world championship,
junior world championship, students’ team world championship,
etc., and the end is still not in sight.

A complete documentation of all these events and much much

more (273 selected games and positions from all FIDE competi-
tions and details about related fields such as correspondence chess
and chess competitions) -is found in International Championship
Chess. Moreover lists of grandmasters, masters, presidents, vice-
presidents, etc.

... from the foreword by

Prof. Dr. M. Euwe
President of FIDE

7078