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Python

This document is a comprehensive guide to Python, covering topics from basic syntax and data types to advanced concepts like object-oriented programming and web development. It includes information on control flow, functions, exception handling, file handling, and popular libraries used in data science and AI. The guide also offers insights into Python's versatility across different programming paradigms and applications.

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my Udaipur
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2 views

Python

This document is a comprehensive guide to Python, covering topics from basic syntax and data types to advanced concepts like object-oriented programming and web development. It includes information on control flow, functions, exception handling, file handling, and popular libraries used in data science and AI. The guide also offers insights into Python's versatility across different programming paradigms and applications.

Uploaded by

my Udaipur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Here’s a detailed Python notes guide covering all major topics, from basics to

advanced concepts:

1. Introduction to Python

High-level, interpreted, and object-oriented programming language.

Designed for readability and easy syntax.

Supports multiple paradigms: procedural, object-oriented, and functional.

2. Basic Syntax

Print(“Hello, World!”)

Indentation is mandatory.

Comments: # Single line, ‘’’ or “”” Multi-line ‘’’


3. Data Types

Primitive Types

Int, float, bool, str, complex

Collection Types

List, tuple, set, dict

4. Variables and Constants

X = 10

PI = 3.14 # Constant by convention

Dynamically typed.

Multiple assignment: a, b = 5, 10

5. Operators
Arithmetic: + - * / % // **

Comparison: == != > < >= <=

Logical: and or not

Membership: in, not in

6. Control Flow

Conditional

If x > 0:

Print(“Positive”)

Elif x == 0:

Print(“Zero”)

Else:

Print(“Negative”)

Loops

For I in range(5):

Print(i)
While condition:

# do something

7. Functions

Def greet(name):

Return “Hello “ + name

Print(greet(“Alice”))

Supports default, keyword, variable-length arguments.

8. Lambda Functions

Add = lambda x, y: x + y

9. Object-Oriented Programming

Class Car:
Def __init__(self, color):

Self.color = color

Def drive(self):

Print(f”Driving {self.color} car”)

My_car = Car(“red”)

My_car.drive()

Supports inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation

10. Exception Handling

Try:

X = 10 / 0

Except ZeroDivisionError:

Print(“Cannot divide by zero”)

Finally:

Print(“End of try block”)

11. File Handling


With open(“file.txt”, “r”) as f:

Content = f.read()

Modes: “r”, “w”, “a”, “b”, “x”

12. Modules and Packages

Import math

Print(math.sqrt(16))

Create custom modules using .py files.

13. Built-in Functions

Examples: len(), type(), input(), str(), int(), list(), dir(), help()

14. Comprehensions

Squares = [x*x for x in range(10)]


15. Decorators

Def decorator_func(func):

Def wrapper():

Print(“Before”)

Func()

Print(“After”)

Return wrapper

@decorator_func

Def say_hello():

Print(“Hello”)

16. Generators

Def gen():

Yield 1

Yield 2

For val in gen():

Print(val)
17. File I/O

Reading/writing to text and binary files.

Using open(), read(), write(), with statement.

18. Python Libraries

NumPy: numerical computations

Pandas: data manipulation

Matplotlib: visualization

Requests: HTTP requests

Tkinter: GUI apps

OpenCV: computer vision


19. Data Science and AI

Libraries: sklearn, tensorflow, keras, seaborn, statsmodels

Data handling with Pandas and visualization with Matplotlib

20. Web Development

Flask, Django for backend development.

Jinja2, ORM, REST APIs

Would you like a PDF version, topic-wise printable notes, or exercises with
solutions for these sections?

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