Complex Analysis - Solved Mid & Final Term Exam
Final Term Exam (Dated: 02-01-2023) - Paper: MATH-312
Q2: Prove that int(z - z)^n dz =
0 for n = 1, 2, ...
2pii for n = -1
0 for n = -2, -3, ...
in any simple closed contour C.
Solution: This is derived from Cauchy's Integral Theorem and Cauchy's Integral Formula.
- For n != -1, f(z) = (z - z)^n is analytic, so the integral is 0 by Cauchy's theorem.
- For n = -1, f(z) = 1/(z - z) has a simple pole at z. So,
int(z - z)^-1 dz = 2pii (by Cauchy's Integral Formula).
Q3: Prove that the zeros of an analytic function are always isolated.
Solution: Let f(z) be analytic and f(z) = 0. Then f has a Taylor expansion:
f(z) = sum a (z - z)^n
If all a = 0, then f == 0 in a neighborhood, contradicting isolated zero. So, there's a least m such that a_m != 0.
Then f(z) = (z - z)^m * g(z), with g(z) != 0 => z is isolated zero.
Q4: Evaluate int (sin z) / (z(z - i)^2) dz, |z| = 2
Solution: Poles at z = 0 (simple), z = i (order 2) inside |z| = 2.
Use Residue Theorem:
Res(f, 0) = lim z0 [z * sin(z)/(z(z - i)^2)] = 0
Res(f, i) = lim zi d/dz [sin z / z] = (i cos i - sin i)/i²
= -i (cosh 1 - sinh 1)
=> int = 2pii * [Res(f, i)] = 2pi (cosh 1 - sinh 1)
Q5: Evaluate int dz / (5 + 3 cos z) using residues.
Complex Analysis - Solved Mid & Final Term Exam
This requires substitution and mapping to complex exponentials.
Due to space, refer to substitution: cos z = (e^{iz} + e^{-iz})/2 and find poles.
Q6: For f = z dz / (1 + z), and C: z = Re^{itheta}, 0 <= theta <= pi
Use ML inequality:
|f(z)| <= |z| / |1 + z|, and |z| = R on contour.
Arc length L = Rpi, so:
|int f(z)| <= M * L where M = max |f(z)| on C.
Q7: If f(z) = A/(z - a) + ... + A/(z - a), prove residue at z = a is A.
Solution: Only term A/(z - a) has a pole at z = a; others are analytic there.
=> Res(f, a) = A.
Mid Term Exam (Dated: 31-10-2022) - Paper: MATH-309
Q2: Prove that |z - z| >= ||z| - |z||
Solution: This is the reverse triangle inequality:
||z| - |z|| <= |z - z|
Q3: If f(z) = u(z) + iv(z) defined in domain D except z,
Prove: lim f(z) = w = u + iv <=> lim u(z) = u and lim v(z) = v
Solution: Limit of complex function exists iff limits of real and imaginary parts exist.
Q4: Discuss differentiability of f(z) = x + 2iy
Here, u = x, v = 2y.
du/dx = 1, dv/dy = 2 != du/dy, dv/dx => C-R equations not satisfied.
Complex Analysis - Solved Mid & Final Term Exam
So, f is not differentiable anywhere.
Q5: Discuss continuity of f(z) = Arg(z)
Arg(z) is not continuous over entire C (complex plane) due to discontinuity along negative real axis (branch cut).