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History
Higher level
Paper 3 – history of the Americas
Thursday 3 November 2022 (morning)
1 hour 45 minutes
Instructions to candidates
y Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.
y Answer two questions, each chosen from a different section.
y Each question is worth [15 marks].
y The maximum mark for this examination paper is [30 marks].
8822 – 5307
5 pages © International Baccalaureate Organization 2022
–2– 8822 – 5307
Section 1: Indigenous societies and cultures in the Americas (c750–1500)
1. Examine the role of state authorities in the political organization of indigenous societies.
2. Examine the contributions of two indigenous societies to scientific development and the arts.
Section 2: European explorations and conquests in the Americas (c1492–c1600)
3. Examine the impact of Pizarro’s conquest of the Incas on Spanish exploration in Latin America.
4. “The conquest of indigenous populations led to significant multiracial issues.” Discuss.
Section 3: Colonial government in the New World (1500–1800)
5. Evaluate the economic and social impact of yanaconaje in Spanish America.
6. “Resistance to authority in Colonial America was mainly due to economic factors.” To what
extent do you agree with this statement?
Section 4: Religion in the New World (1500–1800)
7. Compare and contrast the role of Franciscans and Dominicans in the New World.
8. “Considerable religious intolerance existed in British North America.” To what extent do you
agree with this statement?
Section 5: Slavery and the New World (1500–1800)
9. Compare and contrast the role of two colonial powers in the establishment of slavery in
the Americas.
10. Discuss the reasons for, and effects of, abolitionist ideas in British America up to 1800.
–3– 8822 – 5307
Section 6: Independence movements (1763–1830)
11. Evaluate the impact of military campaigns/battles on the outcome of one independence
movement in the Americas.
12. “Independence had a significant impact on the establishment of new trading relations.”
Discuss with reference to two countries in the Americas.
Section 7: Nation-building and challenges (c1780–c1870)
13. To what extent were major compromises necessary for the 1787 US Constitution to be written?
14. Evaluate the effects of the Mexican-American War (1846–1848) on the region.
Section 8: US Civil War: causes, course and effects (1840–1877)
15. Evaluate the impact of the abolitionist movement on the United States.
16. Evaluate the effectiveness of the terms of the Compromise of 1850.
Section 9: The development of modern nations (1865–1929)
17. Discuss the economic effects of urbanization in two countries of the Americas.
18. To what extent did the economic and legal conditions of African Americans improve between
1865 and 1929?
Section 10: Emergence of the Americas in global affairs (1880–1929)
19. Compare and contrast the foreign policies of two US presidents in the affairs of Latin America.
20. Discuss the reasons for, and the nature of, the involvement of one country of the Americas
(except the US) in the First World War.
Turn over
–4– 8822 – 5307
Section 11: The Mexican Revolution (1884–1940)
21. Compare and contrast the aims of Zapata and Carranza during the Mexican Revolution.
22. “Foreign powers had a limited impact on the outbreak and development of the Mexican
Revolution.” Discuss.
Section 12: The Great Depression and the Americas (mid 1920s–1939)
23. Discuss the causes and impact of the Great Depression in one country in the Americas.
24. Examine the impact of the Great Depression on the arts and culture in one country of the Americas.
Section 13: The Second World War and the Americas (1933–1945)
25. “Diplomatic tensions were the main reason for involvement in the Second World War.”
Discuss with reference to two countries of the Americas.
26. Evaluate the social impact of the Second World War on women and minorities up to 1945.
Section 14: Political developments in Latin America (1945–1980)
27. “The economic policies of populist leaders had limited success.” Discuss with reference to
two Latin American countries.
28. Evaluate the impact of guerrilla movements in one Latin American country.
Section 15: Political developments in the United States (1945–1980) and Canada (1945–1982)
29. Evaluate the effectiveness of President Johnson’s Great Society policies.
30. “Carter’s domestic policies were a complete failure.” To what extent do you agree with
this statement?
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Section 16: The Cold War and the Americas (1945–1981)
31. To what extent can US participation in the Korean War be considered successful?
32. Examine the response of Canada and Latin America to US involvement in Vietnam.
Section 17: Civil rights and social movements in the Americas post-1945
33. “The civil rights movement was largely successful in ending segregation in the South
between 1955 and 1980.” Discuss.
34. “The impact of feminist movements in the Americas was limited.” To what extent do you
agree with this statement?
Section 18: The Americas (1980–2005)
35. Examine the continuities and changes in US foreign policy towards Latin America up to 2005.
36. “The economy and debt were the most significant challenges faced after the transition to
democracy.” Discuss with reference to two Latin American countries.
