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Java_OOPs_Notes

The document provides a concise overview of key Java OOP concepts, including type conversion, program structure, string allocation, common string methods, bitwise operators, conditional statements, arrays, encapsulation, access modifiers, polymorphism, and abstraction. It includes examples for each concept to illustrate their usage. These notes serve as a quick revision guide for core Java OOP topics.

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ypraveenkumar8303
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2 views

Java_OOPs_Notes

The document provides a concise overview of key Java OOP concepts, including type conversion, program structure, string allocation, common string methods, bitwise operators, conditional statements, arrays, encapsulation, access modifiers, polymorphism, and abstraction. It includes examples for each concept to illustrate their usage. These notes serve as a quick revision guide for core Java OOP topics.

Uploaded by

ypraveenkumar8303
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Java OOPs Concepts - Notes for Quick Revision

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Type Conversion in Java

1. Widening Conversion (Implicit):

- Converts a smaller data type to a larger one.

- Example: int to long, float to double

int x = 10;

long y = x; // Implicit conversion

2. Narrowing Conversion (Explicit):

- Converts a larger data type to a smaller one using casting.

- Example: double to int

double a = 9.7;

int b = (int) a; // Explicit casting

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Basic Java Program Structure

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("Hello, World!");

- public class Main: Declares a public class named Main.


- public static void main(String[] args): Main method (entry point).

- System.out.println(): Prints text to the console.

String[] args:

- Accepts input from the command line.

public class Example {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("Argument: " + args[0]);

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String Allocation

String name = "Java"; // Allocated in String pool

String another = new String("Java"); // Allocated in heap memory

- String Pool: Saves memory by storing one copy of identical string literals.

Example:

String a = "Hello";

String b = "Hello";

System.out.println(a == b); // true (same reference from pool)

String c = new String("Hello");

System.out.println(a == c); // false (different object in heap)


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Common String Methods

String s = "Hello";

s.length(); // 5

s.charAt(1); // 'e'

s.contains("ell"); // true

s.indexOf("l"); // 2

s.substring(1, 4); // "ell"

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Bitwise Operators

Operator | Meaning | Example

-------- | ----------- | ---------------

& | AND |5&3=1

| | OR |5|3=7

^ | XOR |5^3=6

~ | NOT | ~5 = -6

<< | Left shift | 5 << 1 = 10

>> | Right shift | 5 >> 1 = 2

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Conditional Statements

if (condition) {

// code
} else if (otherCondition) {

// code

} else {

// code

// switch

switch (value) {

case 1: break;

case 2: break;

default: break;

// ternary

String result = (age > 18) ? "Adult" : "Minor";

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Arrays in Java

- Used to store multiple values of the same type.

int[] arr = new int[5];

arr[0] = 10;

int[] arr2 = {1, 2, 3, 4};

- Stored in heap memory.

Example:
for (int i = 0; i < arr2.length; i++) {

System.out.println(arr2[i]);

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Encapsulation

- Binding data and methods into a single unit (class).

- Achieved by:

- Making variables private

- Providing public getters and setters

Example:

class Person {

private String name;

public String getName() {

return name;

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

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Access Modifiers
Modifier | Class | Package | Subclass | World

---------- | ----- | ------- | -------- | ------

private | Yes | No | No | No

default | Yes | Yes | No | No

protected | Yes | Yes | Yes | No

public | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes

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Polymorphism

1. Method Overloading (Compile-time):

class Calculator {

int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }

int add(int a, int b, int c) { return a + b + c; }

2. Method Overriding (Runtime):

class Animal {

void sound() { System.out.println("Animal sound"); }

class Dog extends Animal {

void sound() { System.out.println("Dog barks"); }

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Abstraction

1. Abstract Class:

abstract class Shape {

abstract void draw();

void display() { System.out.println("Displaying shape"); }

2. Interface:

interface Drawable {

void draw();

interface Paintable {

void paint();

class Circle implements Drawable, Paintable {

public void draw() { System.out.println("Drawing Circle"); }

public void paint() { System.out.println("Painting Circle"); }

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These notes cover core Java OOP topics.

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