1 2 0 24 IC 3 AN NU A L R EP ORT

2 F ED E RA L BU R EAU OF I NV ES TIG ATION

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 3
2024 BY THE NUMBERS ......................................................................................................................... 4
IC3’s ROLE IN COMBATTING CYBER CRIME ......................................................................................... 5
IC3 CORE FUNCTIONS .......................................................................................................................... 6
IC3 COMPLAINT STATISTICS ................................................................................................................. 7
PAST FIVE YEARS .................................................................................................................................. 7
2024 COMPLAINTS BY AGE GROUP ................................................................................................... 8
2024 CRIME TYPES ............................................................................................................................... 9
CYBER-ENABLED FRAUD................................................................................................................... 11
CYBER THREATS ................................................................................................................................. 12
IC3 RECOVERY ASSET TEAM ……….................................................................................................... 13
POSITIVE IMPACT ............................................................................................................................... 14
INTERNATIONAL COMPLAINT COUNTRIES....................................................................................... 16
TOP 10 STATES ................................................................................................................................... 17
THREE YEAR COMPLAINT COUNT COMPARISON ............................................................................ 18
OVERALL STATE STATISTICS .............................................................................................................. 20
CRIME TYPES BY AGE GROUPS ......................................................................................................... 24
2024 IC3 ELDER FRAUD....................................................................................................................... 26
COMPLAINTS FILED BY INDIVIDUALS 60+ ........................................................................................ 27
CRIME TYPES REPORTED BY 60+ ...................................................................................................... 28
THREE YEAR COMPARISON ............................................................................................................... 30
OVERALL STATE STATISTICS .............................................................................................................. 32
2024 IC3 CRYPTOCURRENCY FRAUD ................................................................................................ 34
2024 IC3 CRYPTOCURRENCY FRAUD ............................................................................................... 35
CRIME TYPES WITH CRYPTOCURRENCY NEXUS ............................................................................. 37
OVERALL STATE STATISTICS .............................................................................................................. 39
APPENDIX A: ABOUT IC3 .......................................................................................................................... 41
APPENDIX B: DEFINITIONS ...................................................................................................................... 42
APPENDIX C: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT IC3 DATA ............................................................... 44
APPENDIX D: PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUCEMENTS PUBLISHED ........................................................... 45
APPENDIX E: EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS PUBLISHED .......................................................................... 47
3 2 0 24 IC 3 AN NU A L R EP ORT

Dear Reader:
This year marks the 25th anniversary of the FBI’s Internet Crime Complaint Center, or IC3. Originally
intended to serve the law enforcement community, IC3 has evolved to become the primary
destination for the public to report cyber-enabled crime and fraud as well as a key source for
information on scams and cyber threats. Since its founding, IC3 has received over 9 million
complaints of malicious activity. During its infancy, IC3 received roughly 2,000 complaints every
month. For the past five years, IC3 has averaged more than 2,000 complaints every day.

As nearly all aspects of our lives have become digitally connected, the attack surface for cyber actors
has grown exponentially. Scammers are increasingly using the Internet to steal Americans’ hard-
earned savings. And with today’s technology, it can take mere taps on a keyboard to hijack networks,
cripple water systems, or even rob virtual exchanges. Cryptocurrency has become an enticing means
to cheat investors, launder proceeds, and engage in other illicit schemes.

Last year saw a new record for losses reported to IC3, totaling a staggering $16.6 billion. Fraud
represented the bulk of reported losses in 2024, and ransomware was again the most pervasive
threat to critical infrastructure, with complaints rising 9% from 2023. As a group, those over the age
of 60 suffered the most losses and submitted the most complaints.

These rising losses are even more concerning because last year, the FBI took significant actions to
make it harder, and more costly, for malicious actors to succeed. We dealt a serious blow to LockBit,
one of the world’s most active ransomware groups. Since 2022, we have offered up thousands of
decryption keys to victims of ransomware, avoiding over $800 million in payments.

Also in 2024, we worked proactively to prevent losses and minimize victim harm through private
sector collaboration and initiatives like Operation Level Up. We disbanded fraud and laundering
syndicates, shut down scam call centers, shuttered illicit marketplaces, dissolved nefarious
“botnets,” and put hundreds of other actors behind bars. Our partnerships across the intelligence,
law enforcement, and private sector communities have never been stronger.

The criminals Americans face today may look different than in years past, but they still want the same
thing: to harm Americans for their own benefit. This brings me back to IC3’s quarter-century
milestone. While the top threats facing our country have certainly shifted over the decades,
protecting American citizens—whether that means your safety, your money, or your data—remains a
cornerstone of the FBI’s mission.

And in the fight against increasingly savvy criminals, the FBI also relies on you. Without the
information you report to us through IC3 or your local FBI Field Office, we simply cannot piece
together the puzzle of this ever-shifting threat landscape. If ever you suspect you’re a victim of cyber-
enabled crime, do not hesitate to let us know. We want to be there for you, and what you report will
help us help others.

B. Chad Yarbrough
Operations Director for Criminal and Cyber
Federal Bureau of Investigation
4 F ED E RA L BU R EAU OF I NV ES TIG ATION

2024 BY THE NUMBERS 1

1
Accessibility description: Image depicts key statistics regarding complaints and losses. In 2024, complaints totaled 859,532, with
losses of $16.6 billion, representing a 33 percent increase from 2023. 256,256 complaints reported an actual loss. For complaints,
the average reported loss was $19,372.
5 2 0 24 IC 3 AN NU A L R EP ORT

IC3’s ROLE IN COMBATTING CYBER CRIME2

2
Accessibility description: Image lists IC3’s primary functions including partnering with private sector and with local, state, federal,
and international agencies: hosting a reporting portal at www.ic3.gov; providing a central hub to alert the public to threats; Perform
Analysis, Complaint Referrals, and Asset Recovery; and hosting a remote access database for all law enforcement via FBI’s LEEP
website.
6 F ED E RA L BU R EAU OF I NV ES TIG ATION

IC3 CORE FUNCTIONS3

3
Accessibility description: Image contains icons with the core functions. Core functions - Collection, Analysis, Public Awareness,
and Referrals - are listed in individual blocks as components of an ongoing process.
7 2 0 24 IC 3 AN NU A L R EP ORT

IC3 COMPLAINT STATISTICS

PA S T FIVE YEA RS
IC3 has received an average of 836,000 complaints per year. These complaints address a wide array
of Internet scams affecting individuals around the globe.
4

Complaint and Loss Trends since 2020

900,000 Complaints Losses $18,000,000,000

880,000 $16,000,000,000

$14,000,000,000
860,000

$12,000,000,000
840,000
$10,000,000,000
820,000
$8,000,000,000
800,000
$6,000,000,000

780,000
$4,000,000,000

760,000 $2,000,000,000

740,000 $0
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
5

IC3 COMPLAINTS - PAST FIVE YEARS

4.2 Million $50.5 Billion

836,000 Average
Complaints in Losses

Since 2000, the IC3 has received more than 9 million complaints.

4
Accessibility description: Chart describes complaint counts and losses over a 5-year period.
5
Accessibility description: Chart includes yearly and aggregate data for complaints and losses over the years 2020 to 2024. Over
this time, IC3 received a total of 4.2 million complaints, a reported loss of $50.5 billion, and an average of 836,000 complaints
received per year. Since 2000, IC3 has received more than 9 million complaints. * Please see Appendix C for more information
regarding IC3 data.
8 F ED E RA L BU R EAU OF I NV ES TIG ATION

2024 COMP LAINTS BY AG E G ROU P 6

6
Not all complaints include an associated age range—those without this information are excluded from this table. Please see
Appendix C for more information regarding IC3 data. Accessibility description: Chart shows number of complaints and losses by
age group. Under 20: 17,993 complaints, $22.5 million in losses; 20-29: 71,399 complaints, $540.1 million in losses; 30-39:
108,899 complaints, $1.4 billion in losses; 40-49: 112,755 complaints, $2.2 billion in losses; 50-59: 84,540 complaints, $2.5 billion
in losses; 60+: 147,127 complaints, $4.8 billion in losses.
9 2 0 24 IC 3 AN NU A L R EP ORT

2024 CRIME TYP ES

BY COMPLAINT COUNT

Crime Type Complaints Crime Type Complaints

Phishing/Spoofing 193,407 Harassment/Stalking 11,672

Extortion 86,415 Real Estate 9,359

Personal Data Breach 64,882 Advanced Fee 7,097

Non-Payment/
49,572 Crimes Against Children 4,472
Non-Delivery
Lottery/Sweepstakes/
Investment 47,919 3,690
Inheritance

Tech Support 36,002 Data Breach 3,204

Business Email
21,442 Ransomware 3,156
Compromise

Identity Theft 21,403 Overpayment 2,705

IPR*/Copyright and
Employment 20,044 1,583
Counterfeit

Confidence/Romance 17,910 Threats of Violence 1,360

Government
17,367 SIM Swap 982
Impersonation

Credit Card/Check Fraud 12,876 Botnet 587

Other 12,318 Malware 441

Descriptor**
Cryptocurrency 149,686
*IPR: Intellectual Property Rights
** This descriptor relates to the medium or tool used to facilitate the crime and used by IC3 for tracking purposes only. It
is available as a descriptor only after a crime type has been selected.
Please see Appendix C for more information regarding IC3 data.
10 F ED E RA L BU R EAU OF I NV ES TIG ATION

2024 CRIME TYP ES continued

BY COMPLAINT LOSS

Crime Type Loss Crime Type Loss

Investment $6,570,639,864 Extortion $143,185,736

Lottery/Sweepstakes/
Business Email Compromise $2,770,151,146 $102,212,250
Inheritance

Tech Support $1,464,755,976 Advanced Fee $102,074,512

Personal Data Breach $1,453,296,303 Phishing/Spoofing $70,013,036

Non-Payment/Non-Delivery $785,436,888 SIM Swap $25,983,946

Confidence/Romance $672,009,052 Overpayment $21,452,521

Government Impersonation $405,624,084 Ransomware * $12,473,156

Data Breach $364,855,818 Harassment/Stalking $10,611,223

Other $280,278,325 Botnet $8,860,202

IPR/Copyright and
Employment $264,223,271 $8,715,512
Counterfeit

Credit Card/Check Fraud $199,889,841 Threats of Violence $1,842,186

Identity Theft $174,354,745 Malware $1,365,945

Real Estate $173,586,820 Crimes Against Children $519,424

Descriptor**

Cryptocurrency $9,322,335,911
* Regarding ransomware adjusted losses, this number does not include estimates of lost business, time, wages, files,
or equipment, or any third-party remediation services acquired by an entity. In some cases, entities do not report any
loss amount to FBI, thereby creating an artificially low overall ransomware loss rate. Lastly, the number only
represents what entities report to FBI via IC3 and does not account for the entity directly reporting to FBI field
offices/agents.

** This descriptor relates to the medium or tool used to facilitate the crime and is used by IC3 for tracking purposes
only. It is available as a descriptor only after a crime type has been selected.

Please see Appendix C for more information regarding IC3 data.

11 2 0 24 IC 3 AN NU A L R EP ORT

CYBER-ENA BLED FRAU D

Cyber-enabled fraud includes complaints where criminals use the Internet or other technology to
commit fraudulent activities, often involving the theft of money, data, or identity, or the creation of
counterfeit goods or services. Cyber-enabled fraud is responsible for almost 83% of all losses
reported to IC3 in 2024. 7

CYBER-ENABLED FRAUD in 2024

333,981 $13.7 Billion 38% of 2024 83% of 2024

Complaints Losses Complaints Losses

100,000 Complaint Loss Complaint Count $7,000,000,000

90,000
$6,000,000,000
80,000
70,000 $5,000,000,000
60,000 $4,000,000,000
50,000
40,000 $3,000,000,000
30,000 $2,000,000,000
20,000
$1,000,000,000
10,000
0 $0
8

TRENDS
Call Center Scams Emergency Scams
53,369 complaints; $1.9 billion in losses 357 complaints; $2.7 million in losses
FBI Warns of Scammers Impersonating FBI Warns of Scammers Targeting Senior
Cryptocurrency Exchanges Citizens in Grandparent Scams...
Increase in Tech Support Scams Targeting Telephone Scam Alleging a Relative is in a
Older Adults and Directing Victims to Send Financial or Legal Crisis
Cash...
Toll Scams Gold Courier Scams
59,271 complaints; $129,624 in losses 525 complaints; $219 million in losses
Smishing Scam Regarding Debt for Road Toll Scammers Use Couriers to Retrieve Cash and
Services Precious Metals...

7
Accessibility description: Chart describes totals for crime types generally considered to be cyber-enabled fraud: 333,981
complaints; $13.7 billion in losses; 38% of 2024 complaints received; 83% of 2024 losses. * Please see Appendix C for more
information regarding IC3 data.
8
Accessibility description: Chart describes counts and losses for crime types generally considered to be cyber-enabled
fraud.
12 F ED E RA L BU R EAU OF I NV ES TIG ATION

CYBER THREAT S
A cyber or cybersecurity threat is a malicious act that seeks to damage data, steal data, or disrupt
digital life in general. Cyber threats include ransomware, viruses and malware, data breaches,
Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, and other attack vectors. IC3 received more than 4,800 complaints
from organizations belonging to a critical infrastructure sector that were affected by a cyber threat.
The most reported cyber threats among critical infrastructure organizations were ransomware and
data breaches.
9

CYBER THREATS in 2024

263,455 $1.571 billion Critical Infrastructure

Complaints in Losses 4,878 Complaints

Top Five Ransomware Variants by IC3 Complaints

1. Akira 2. LockBit 3. RansomHub 4. FOG 5. PLAY
10

Cyber Threats to Critical Infrastructure

258
Ransomware Data Breach
238
220

190
206
196
176 180
138

111

81

57
68 71
35 38 62
50
17
11
3 6 27 22 23
1 14 10

9
Accessibility description: This chart outlines cyber threat complaints in 2024: 263,455 complaints; $1.571 billion in losses;
4,878 complaints from critical infrastructure. The five most reported ransomware variants: Akira, LockBit, RansomHub, FOG, and
PLAY.
10
Accessibility description: This chart outlines the number of ransomware and data breach complaints filed by the critical
infrastructure sectors.
13 2 0 24 IC 3 AN NU A L R EP ORT

IC3 RECOVERY A SS ET TEA M

FINANCIAL FRAUD KILL CHAIN in 2024

Domestic International
3,020 Complaints
2,651 Complaints 369 Complaints 66%
$848.4 Million Success Rate
Attempted Theft $469.1 Million $92.5 Million
Frozen Frozen

11

Established in 2018, the IC3 Recovery Asset Team streamlines communications with financial
institutions and FBI field offices to assist in the freezing of funds for victims of fraudulent domestic
and international transactions via the Financial Fraud Kill Chain. Most Financial Fraud Kill Chain
incidents initiated by the IC3 RAT are Business Email Compromise (BEC). The Financial Fraud Kill
Chain can also be initiated for Tech Support Fraud, Romance Scams, and Data Breaches.
The Recovery Asset Team assumed responsibility for domestic-to-international transactions in
April 2024. The International Financial Fraud Kill Chain is a partnership between federal law
enforcement and financial entities whose purpose is to freeze fraudulent funds wired by victims.
International requests are coordinated through the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network Rapid
Response Team and law enforcement entities, including FBI LEGAT offices and international law
enforcement partners. 12

Financial Fraud Kill Chain - 5 Years Domestic Loss Domestic Frozen

International Loss International Frozen
$800,000,000

$700,000,000

$600,000,000

$500,000,000

$400,000,000

$300,000,000

$200,000,000

$100,000,000

$0
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

11
Accessibility description: Chart describes FFKC activity in 2024: 3,020 complaints attempted for $848.4 million. Domestic:
2,651 complaints, $469.1 million frozen; International: 369 complaints, $92.5 million frozen; 66% success rate.
12
Accessibility description: Chart describes FFKC domestic and international frozen and loss amounts from 2020 to 2024.
14 F ED E RA L BU R EAU OF I NV ES TIG ATION

PTI VE IMPACT POSITIVE IMPA CT

Operation Level Up
Launched in January 2024, Operation Level Success Stories
identified victims of cryptocurrency Utilizing IC3 complaint data, Operation Level Up
investment fraud and notified them of the reported:
scam. The operation was initiated with the • 4,323 victims of cryptocurrency investment
support of agents from FBI and the U.S. fraud were notified.
Secret Service. Cryptocurrency investment • 76% of those victims were unaware they were
fraud, also known as "pig butchering," is a being scammed.
confidence-based scam. Subjects target • Estimated savings to victims of $285,639,989.
victims online and develop a relationship • 42 victims referred to an FBI victim specialist
before introducing a fraudulent investment for suicide intervention.
opportunity in cryptocurrency. Victims are
coached to invest more and more money
into what appears to be an extremely
profitable platform, only to be unable to Read More About It
withdraw their funds. Operation Level-Up: How the FBI Is Saving Victims
from Cryptocurrency Investment Fraud
Operation Level Up — FBI

Call Center Fraud

Illegal call centers defraud thousands of victims each year. Two categories of call center fraud
reported to the IC3 are Tech/Customer Support and Government Impersonation.
DOJ, FBI, and Central Bureau of Success Stories
Investigation: FBI responded to over 38 requests from law
Since 2022, the DOJ, FBI, and IC3 have enforcement in India and provided
collaborated with law enforcement in approximately 60 actionable leads.
India, such as the Central Bureau of FBI enabled over 215 arrests through 11 joint
Investigation (CBI) in New Delhi and local operations with the CBI and other local law
Indian states, to combat cyber-enabled enforcement in 2024. This represented a 700%
financial crimes and transnational call increase in arrests from 2023, the first full year
center fraud. of the collaboration.
In 2024, law enforcement in India FBI conducted hundreds of interviews and
conducted multiple call center raids, continues to support Indian law enforcement
disruptions, seizures, and arrests of the efforts and prosecution of call centers
individuals alleged to be involved in perpetrating these frauds.
perpetrating these crimes.
FBI Washington Field Office participated in Read More About It
two media series aimed at bringing Tech/Customer Support and Government
awareness to call center fraud. Impersonation
15 2 0 24 IC 3 AN NU A L R EP ORT

POSITIVE IMPA CT

Ransomware
IC3 recognized 67 new ransomware variants Success Story
in 2024. The most reported of these new FBI Boston, February 2024: Authorities seized
variants were: www.warzone.ws and three related domains,
• FOG which together offered for sale the Warzone RAT
• Lynx malware — a sophisticated remote access trojan
• Cicada 3301 capable of enabling cybercriminals to
• Dragonforce surreptitiously connect to victims’ computers for
• Frag malicious purposes. The Warzone RAT provided
cybercriminals the ability to browse victim file
IC3 provides this information to FBI Field systems, take screenshots, record keystrokes,
Offices to help identify new ransomware steal victim usernames and passwords, and watch
variants, discover the enterprises the threat victims through web cameras, all without the
actors are targeting, and determine whether victims’ knowledge or permission.
critical infrastructure is being targeted.

Read More About It

International Cybercrime Malware Service Dismantled by Federal Authorities: Key Malware Sales
and Support Actors in Malta and Nigeria Charged in Federal Indictments | United States
Department of JusticeCharged in Federal Indictments

Financial Fraud Kill Chain

The IC3 Recovery Asset Team streamlines communications with financial institutions and FBI
field offices to assist in the freezing of funds for victims of fraudulent domestic and international
transactions.
FBI Denver, March 2024: The Recovery Success Story
Asset Team received a complaint reporting LEGAT Singapore, September 2024: The
a BEC involving a real estate transaction. Recovery Asset Team received a request from
The individuals were in the process of LEGAT Singapore regarding a transaction sent
purchasing property and received a spoofed to a U.S. domestic recipient bank in the
email from their supposed real estate amount of $6,661,650 due to a BEC incident.
agents requesting that they wire $956,342 to The Recovery Asset Team initiated the
a U.S. domestic bank to finalize the closing. Financial Fraud Kill Chain request to the
Two days after the wire was initiated, the domestic recipient bank, who blocked the
victims realized the instructions came from account and froze a total of $5,100,000 for
a spoofed email. Upon notification, the recovery. Funds not available were wired out
Recovery Asset Team immediately initiated immediately upon deposit to accounts located
the process to freeze the fraudulent in Spain and China. Efforts by the domestic
recipient bank account. The transfer of recipient bank were made to potentially
$955,060 was stopped and the money was recover those wires as well.
returned to the individuals.
Read More About It
SPF | International Cooperation Leading To The Interception Of Over USD 5 Million Linked To
Business Email Compromise Scam
16 F ED E RA L BU R EAU OF I NV ES TIG ATION

INTERNA TIONA L COMP LA INT COU NTRIES 13

IC3 received complaints from more than 200 countries in 2024.

TOP 20 FOREIGN COUNTRIES WITH CITIZENS SUBMITTING COMPLAINTS TO IC3

Country Complaints Country Complaints
United Kingdom 102,692 Mexico 1,116
Canada 6,951 South Africa 1,075

India 4,189 Pakistan 979

France 2,223 Indonesia 895

Philippines 1,790 Italy 761

Australia 1,533 Sweden 732

Germany 1,524 China 651

Japan 1,492 Turkey 649
Brazil 1,472 Spain 639

Honduras 1,352 Netherlands 598

Transactional information provided in IC3 complaints also helps identify where funds are going
when victims are directed to send funds overseas.
14

Top International Destinations for

Fraudulent Wire Transactions in 2024
3,043
2,629

1,498 1,421 1,322 1,270

Hong Kong Vietnam Mexico Philippines India China

13
Accessibility description: Charts list the top 20 countries by number of total complaints submitted to IC3, aside from the U.S.
Please see Appendix C for more information regarding IC3 data.
14
Accessibility description: Chart shows the countries with the highest number of reported fraudulent wire transactions in 2024.
17 2 0 24 IC 3 AN NU A L R EP ORT

TOP REP ORTED TRA NSACTION TYP ES 15

Transaction information provided in IC3 complaints helps FBI understand how victims are losing funds to
fraud and assists the Recovery Asset Team Financial Fraud Kill Chain process when complaints are filed
as quickly as possible. This chart identifies the top ways complainants reported financial loss in fraud.

Top Ways Funds Are Lost in Fraud

Cryptocurrency Wire transfer/ACH Debit/Credit Card

Peer-to-Peer Transfer Gift/Prepaid Card Check/Cashier's Check

Cash

California 96,265
T OP 1 0 S T A T E S
Texas 62,347
BY NUMBER
Florida 52,191
OF
New York 36,468
C O M P L A IN T S 16
Pennsylvania 27,838
Illinois 25,446
Ohio 24,915
Indiana 23,659
North Carolina 22,021
Arizona 20,101

T OP 1 0 S T A T E S California $2,539
B Y L OS S (IN MILLIONS) 17 Texas $1,352
Florida $1,072
New York $904
Illinois $479
New Jersey $435
Georgia $420
Pennsylvania $400
Arizona $392
Washington $368

15
Accessibility description: Chart depicts the top reported transaction types: Cryptocurrency, Wire transfer/ACH, Debit/Credit
Card, Peer-to-Peer, Check/Cashier’s Check, Gift/Prepaid Card, and Cash.
16
Accessibility description: Chart depicts the top 10 states based on number of complaints. These include California, Texas,
Florida, New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Ohio, Indiana, North Carolina, and Arizona. Please see Appendix C for more information
regarding IC3 data.
17
Accessibility description: Chart depicts the top 10 states based on reported losses are labeled. These include California, Texas,
Florida, New York, Illinois, New Jersey, Georgia, Pennsylvania, Arizona, and Washington. Please see Appendix C for more
information regarding IC3 data.
18 F ED E RA L BU R EAU OF I NV ES TIG ATION

THREE YEA R COMP LA INT COU NT COMP A RIS ON

BY COMPLAINT COUNT
Crime Type 2024 2023 2022
Advanced Fee 7,097 8,045 11,264
Business Email Compromise 21,442 21,489 21,832
Botnet 587 540 568
Confidence Fraud/Romance 17,910 17,823 19,021
Credit Card/Check Fraud 12,876 13,718 22,985
Crimes Against Children 4,472 2,361 2,587
Data Breach 3,204 3,727 2,795
Employment 20,044 15,443 14,946
Extortion 86,415 48,223 39,416
Government Impersonation 17,367 14,190 11,554
Harassment/Stalking 11,672 9,587 11,779
Identity Theft 21,403 19,778 27,922
Investment 47,919 39,570 30,529
IPR/Copyright and Counterfeit 1,583 1,498 2,183
Lottery/Sweepstakes/Inheritance 3,690 4,168 5,650
Malware 441 659 762
Non-Payment/Non-Delivery 49,572 50,523 51,679
Other 12,318 8,808 9,966
Overpayment 2,705 4,144 6,183
Personal Data Breach 64,882 55,851 58,859
Phishing/Spoofing 193,407 298,878 321,136
Ransomware 3,156 2,825 2,385
Real Estate 9,359 9,521 11,727
SIM Swap 982 1,075 2,026
Tech Support 36,002 37,560 32,538
Threats of Violence 1,360 1,697 2,224
19 2 0 24 IC 3 AN NU A L R EP ORT

THREE YEA R COMP LA INT LOS S COMPA RISON

BY COMPLAINT LOSS

Crime Type 2024 2023 2022

Advanced Fee $102,074,512 $134,516,577 $104,325,444
Business Email Compromise $2,770,151,146 $2,946,830,270 $2,742,354,049
Botnet $8,860,202 $22,422,708 $17,099,378
Confidence Fraud/Romance $672,009,052 $652,544,805 $735,882,192
Credit Card/Check Fraud $199,889,841 $173,627,614 264,148,905
Crimes Against Children $519,424 $2,031,485 $577,464
Data Breach $364,855,818 $534,397,222 $459,321,859
Employment $264,223,271 $70,234,079 $52,204,269
Extortion $143,185,736 $74,821,835 $54,335,128
Government Impersonation $405,624,084 $394,050,518 $240,553,091
Harassment/Stalking $10,611,223 $9,677,332 $5,621,402
Identity Theft $174,354,745 $126,203,809 189,205,793
Investment $6,570,639,864 $4,570,275,683 $3,311,742,206
IPR/Copyright and Counterfeit $8,715,512 $7,555,329 $4,591,177
Lottery/Sweepstakes/Inheritance $102,212,250 $94,502,836 $83,602,376
Malware $1,365,945 $1,213,317 $9,326,482
Non-Payment/Non-Delivery $785,436,888 $309,648,416 $281,770,073
Other $280,278,325 $240,053,059 $117,686,789
Overpayment $21,452,521 $27,955,195 $38,335,772
Personal Data Breach $1,453,296,303 $744,219,879 $742,438,136
Phishing/Spoofing $70,013,036 $18,728,550 $160,015,411
Ransomware $12,473,156 $59,641,384 $34,353,237
Real Estate $173,586,820 $145,243,348 $396,932,821
SIM Swap $25,983,946 $48,798,103 $72,652,571
Tech Support $1,464,755,976 $924,512,658 $806,551,993
Threats of Violence $1,842,186 $13,531,178 $4,972,099
20 F ED E RA L BU R EAU OF I NV ES TIG ATION

OVERALL S TATE S TA TISTICS

COMPLAINTS BY STATE*

Rank State Complaints Rank State Complaints

1 California 96,265 30 Alaska 6,770
2 Texas 62,347 31 Louisiana 6,455
3 Florida 52,191 32 Kentucky 6,165
4 New York 36,468 33 Connecticut 5,695
5 Pennsylvania 27,838 34 Kansas 4,797
6 Illinois 25,446 35 Arkansas 4,240
7 Ohio 24,915 36 New Mexico 3,884
8 Indiana 23,659 37 District of Columbia 3,856
9 North Carolina 22,021 38 Idaho 3,081
10 Arizona 20,101 39 Mississippi 3,068
11 Georgia 19,797 40 Delaware 2,806
12 Washington 18,009 41 Hawaii 2,603
13 Virginia 17,466 42 Nebraska 2,603
14 Michigan 16,302 43 West Virginia 2,594
15 New Jersey 15,701 44 New Hampshire 2,340
16 Maryland 14,996 45 Puerto Rico 2,241
17 Colorado 14,848 46 Maine 2,137
18 Massachusetts 14,254 47 Montana 1,854
19 Tennessee 11,411 48 Rhode Island 1,642
20 Nevada 10,716 49 Wyoming 1,377
21 Missouri 10,028 50 South Dakota 1,298
22 South Carolina 9,661 51 Vermont 937
23 Wisconsin 9,619 52 North Dakota 885
U.S. Minor Outlying
24 Minnesota 9,264 53 170
Islands
25 Oregon 9,011 54 Guam 96
26 Alabama 7,840 55 American Samoa 91
27 Oklahoma 7,479 56 Virgin Islands, U.S. 87
28 Iowa 7,193 57 Northern Mariana Islands 21
29 Utah 6,877

* Note: This information is based on the total number of complaints from each state, American Territory, and the District
of Columbia for which the complainant provided state information. Please see Appendix C for more information regarding
IC3 data.
21 2 0 24 IC 3 AN NU A L R EP ORT

OVERALL S TATE S TA T ISTICS CONTINUED

LOSSES BY STATE*

Rank State Loss Rank State Loss

1 California $2,539,041,635 30 Alabama $103,771,880
2 Texas $1,351,598,183 31 Puerto Rico $91,363,707
3 Florida $1,071,909,632 32 Louisiana $87,411,457
4 New York $903,975,003 33 Kansas $80,300,908
5 Illinois $479,054,271 34 New Mexico $76,621,670
6 New Jersey $434,856,424 35 Kentucky $73,919,940
7 Georgia $420,454,472 36 Iowa $72,860,333
8 Pennsylvania $400,082,312 37 Mississippi $65,613,936
9 Arizona $392,441,717 38 Idaho $63,035,342
10 Washington $368,203,209 39 Hawaii $55,180,901
11 Massachusetts $338,872,378 40 New Hampshire $52,811,455
12 North Carolina $324,287,947 41 Arkansas $51,714,039
13 Virginia $317,406,595 42 Nebraska $46,730,894
14 District of Columbia $291,531,458 43 Wyoming $43,502,744
15 Ohio $278,038,028 44 Delaware $37,611,598
16 Nevada $268,769,310 45 Montana $31,603,407
17 Colorado $243,517,403 46 Maine $31,455,797
18 Michigan $241,737,979 47 Alaska $26,296,803
19 Maryland $238,976,904 48 South Dakota $24,957,446
20 Minnesota $203,352,530 49 West Virginia $24,196,661
21 Tennessee $190,271,310 50 Rhode Island $23,597,036
22 Missouri $183,751,987 51 North Dakota $21,831,953
23 Wisconsin $169,942,495 52 Vermont $11,285,112
24 South Carolina $146,468,765 53 Guam $2,532,544
25 Oregon $144,160,344 54 Virgin Islands, U.S. $1,441,830
U.S. Minor Outlying
26 Connecticut $143,884,002 55 $1,107,380
Islands
27 Utah $129,414,310 56 American Samoa $195,182
Northern Mariana
28 Indiana $125,093,323 57 $121,874
Islands
29 Oklahoma $113,724,886

* Note: This information is based on the total losses from complaints in each state, American Territory, and the District
of Columbia for which the complainant provided state information. Please see Appendix C for more information
regarding IC3 data.
22 F ED E RA L BU R EAU OF I NV ES TIG ATION

OVERALL S TATE S TA TISTICS CONTINUED

COMPLAINTS PER 100K CITIZENS*

Rank State Count Rank State Count

1 Alaska 914.7 27 Georgia 177.1
2 District of Columbia 549.1 28 South Carolina 176.3
New
3 Indiana 341.7 29 166.1
Hampshire
4 Nevada 328.0 30 New Jersey 165.3
5 Delaware 266.8 31 Montana 163.0
6 Arizona 265.1 32 Kansas 161.5
7 Colorado 249.2 33 Wisconsin 161.4
8 California 244.1 34 Michigan 160.8
9 Maryland 239.4 35 Missouri 160.6
10 Wyoming 234.3 36 Minnesota 159.9
11 Washington 226.3 37 Tennessee 157.9
12 Florida 223.3 38 Connecticut 155.0
13 Iowa 221.9 39 Idaho 153.9
14 Pennsylvania 212.8 40 Maine 152.1
15 Oregon 210.9 41 Alabama 152.0
16 Ohio 209.7 42 Rhode Island 147.6
17 Illinois 200.2 43 West Virginia 146.6
18 Massachusetts 199.7 44 Vermont 144.5
19 North Carolina 199.4 45 Louisiana 140.4
20 Texas 199.3 46 South Dakota 140.4
21 Virginia 198.2 47 Arkansas 137.3
22 Utah 196.3 48 Kentucky 134.4
23 New York 183.6 49 Nebraska 129.8
24 Oklahoma 182.6 50 North Dakota 111.1
25 New Mexico 182.3 51 Mississippi 104.2
26 Hawaii 180.0 52 Puerto Rico 70.0

* Note: This information is based on the estimated 2024 Census estimated data and the total number of complaints
from each state, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico for which the complainant provided state information.
Please see Appendix C for more information regarding IC3 data. https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-
series/demo/popest/2020s-state-total.html#v2024
23 2 0 24 IC 3 AN NU A L R EP ORT

OVERALL S TATE S TA TISTICS CONTINUED

LOSSES PER 100K CITIZENS*

Rank State Loss Rank State Loss

1 District of Columbia $41,513,914 27 Pennsylvania $3,059,025
2 Nevada $8,225,617 28 Missouri $2,942,166
3 Wyoming $7,403,235 29 North Carolina $2,935,789
4 California $6,439,159 30 Puerto Rico $2,852,179
5 Arizona $5,175,704 31 Wisconsin $2,850,918
6 Massachusetts $4,748,658 32 Montana $2,778,974
7 Washington $4,626,726 33 Oklahoma $2,776,898
8 Florida $4,586,256 34 North Dakota $2,740,752
9 New Jersey $4,577,026 35 Kansas $2,703,183
10 New York $4,550,077 36 South Dakota $2,699,068
11 Texas $4,319,470 37 South Carolina $2,673,358
12 Colorado $4,087,582 38 Tennessee $2,632,511
13 Connecticut $3,915,137 39 Michigan $2,383,896
14 Hawaii $3,815,721 40 Ohio $2,339,737
15 Maryland $3,815,560 41 Nebraska $2,330,178
16 Illinois $3,769,066 42 Iowa $2,247,743
17 Georgia $3,760,478 43 Maine $2,238,828
18 New Hampshire $3,748,066 44 Mississippi $2,229,457
19 Utah $3,693,739 45 Rhode Island $2,121,448
20 Virginia $3,602,310 46 Alabama $2,011,980
21 New Mexico $3,596,829 47 Louisiana $1,901,183
22 Delaware $3,575,529 48 Indiana $1,806,591
23 Alaska $3,552,983 49 Vermont $1,740,206
24 Minnesota $3,510,223 50 Arkansas $1,674,485
25 Oregon $3,374,247 51 Kentucky $1,611,028
26 Idaho $3,149,218 52 West Virginia $1,367,059

* Note: This information is based on the estimated 2024 Census estimated data and the total number of complaints
from each state, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico for which the complainant provided state information.
Please see Appendix C for more information regarding IC3 data. https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-
series/demo/popest/2020s-state-total.html#v2024
24 F ED E RA L BU R EAU OF I NV ES TIG ATION

CRIME TYP ES BY A G E G ROUPS

COUNTS UNDER 20 20 - 29 30 – 39 40 – 49 50 - 59

Advanced Fee 220 971 1,102 968 1,009

Business Email Compromise 90 800 2,058 2,934 3,047
Botnet 74 99 79 55 42
Confidence/Romance 272 1,219 1,814 2,056 2,365
Credit Card/Check Fraud 295 1,206 1,690 1,641 1,642
Crimes Against Children 1,367 140 73 58 28
Data Breach 33 147 358 523 402
Employment 604 3,674 2,916 2,003 1,516
Extortion 6,540 13,811 6,180 4,305 3,620
Government Impersonation 161 1,462 1,894 1,818 1,711
Harassment/Stalking 548 1,667 1,998 1,619 990
Identity Theft 288 1,922 3,550 3,163 2,688
Investment 399 3,453 6,822 6,873 5,797
IPR/Copyright and 24 146 216 198 168
Counterfeit
Lottery/Sweepstakes/ 31 168 298 343 708
Inheritance
Malware 47 86 113 89 66
Non-Payment/ 1,691 7,644 8,436 7,466 5,848
Non-Delivery
Other 318 883 1,375 1,187 909
Overpayment 314 776 507 456 449
Personal Data Breach 1,335 6,312 10,756 9,870 7,008
Phishing/Spoofing 203 1,088 1,532 1,701 2,060
Ransomware 12 62 120 211 253
Real Estate 150 1,749 1,407 1,088 1,011
SIM Swap 7 58 185 213 172
Spoofing 127 615 955 902 1,045
Tech Support 279 1,928 2,537 2,794 3,584
Threats of Violence 118 254 326 249 168

Cryptocurrency 858 6,277 10,885 10,338 8,953

* 60+ crime type information is available in the 2024 IC3 Elder Fraud Report.
 25 2 0 24 IC 3 AN NU A L R EP ORT

CRIME TYP ES BY A G E G ROUPS

LOSSES UNDER 20 20 - 29 30 – 39 40 – 49 50 - 59
Advanced Fee $289,546 $4,479,321 $9,638,362 $16,770,456 $12,970,490
Business Email $11,067,986 $30,611,039 $207,186,022 $302,370,195 $361,651,832
Compromise
Botnet $60 $30,718 $2,691 $17,303,168 $2,001
Confidence/ $759,616 $11,016,901 $31,008,972 $46,027,157 $82,466,829
Romance
Credit Card/ $687,043 $4,581,387 $9,861,167 $25,602,871 $21,660,432
Check Fraud
Crimes Against $95,862 $4,292 $45,366 $29,655 $499,469
Children
Data Breach $970,279 $3,251,108 $64,898,844 $43,983,317 $15,586,514
Employment $1,971,457 $13,138,194 $15,419,807 $9,874,429 $10,102,359
Extortion $2,080,479 $11,799,104 $8,777,342 $8,984,024 $7,784,643
Government $2,008,033 $34,354,239 $30,281,258 $20,880,418 $18,727,179
Impersonation
Harassment/ $51,719 $676,809 $2,185,563 $2,699,273 $649,797
Stalking
Identity Theft $269,690 $4,522,239 $13,036,661 $17,427,975 $12,879,363
Investment $13,571,240 $154,183,205 $540,646,646 $616,072,673 $871,842,750
IPR/Copyright and $4,302 $61,107 $780,863 $1,662,760 $2,851,670
Counterfeit
Lottery/Sweep- $28,558 $732,222 $2,118,356 $3,512,077 $3,856,993
stakes/Inheritance
Malware $18,056 $43,693 $59,168 $202,908 $135,302
Non-Payment/ $1,578,742 $19,895,195 $40,383,092 $54,348,415 $49,535,571
Non-Delivery
Other $1,366,980 $11,369,781 $22,380,525 $15,665,583 $16,411,270
Overpayment $1,006,792 $2,055,986 $2,799,535 $2,737,512 $2,570,057
Personal Data $635,038 $20,180,645 $115,301,927 $224,444,555 $108,826,649
Breach

Phishing/Spoofing $35,368 $1,229,413 $2,726,832 $2,612,598 $2,751,552

Ransomware $0 $12,548 $37,660 $187,680 $517,222
Real Estate $413,752 $4,784,750 $6,623,054 $9,331,733 $22,466,504
SIM Swap $0 $800,617 $6,752,902 $6,250,788 $5,080,192
Spoofing $780,878 $876,082 $2,624,922 $3,054,743 $3,665,661
Tech Support $1,007,672 $14,019,656 $25,573,715 $48,163,755 $48,548,923
Threats of Violence $4,181 $7,908 $6,063,974 $65,817 $331,395

Cryptocurrency $14,745,598 $169,240,044 $695,761,773 $851,201,069 $904,569,789

* 60+ crime type information is available in the 2024 IC3 Elder Fraud Report.
26 F ED E RA L BU R EAU OF I NV ES TIG ATION

2024 IC3 ELDER FRAUD

27 2 0 24 IC 3 AN NU A L R EP ORT

COMPLAINTS FILED BY INDIVIDUALS 60 +

18

60+ COMPLAINTS - 2024

46% Increase 43% Increase

147,127 $4.885 Billion
in Complaints in Losses from
Complaints in Losses
from 2023 2023

7,500 Complainants Lost

$83,000 Average Loss
>$100K

19

Complainants 60+ Reporting to IC3

160,000 Losses Victims $5,000,000,000

$4,500,000,000
140,000

$4,000,000,000
120,000
$3,500,000,000

100,000
$3,000,000,000

80,000 $2,500,000,000

$2,000,000,000
60,000

$1,500,000,000
40,000
$1,000,000,000

20,000
$500,000,000

0 $0
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

18
Charts describe count and loss trends for those 60+ from 2018 to 2024.
19
Accessibility Description: Chart describes counts and losses for those reporting as 60+ from 2018 to 2024.
28 F ED E RA L BU R EAU OF I NV ES TIG ATION

CRIME TYP ES REP ORTED BY 60+

COMPLAINANTS 60+

Crime Type Count Crime Type Count

Phishing/Spoofing 23,252 Advanced Fee 1,897

Tech Support 16,777 Real Estate 1,765

Extortion 12,618 Lottery/Sweepstakes/Inheritance 1,711

Personal Data Breach 9,827 Harassment/Stalking 696

Investment 9,448 Overpayment 527

Non-Payment/Non-Delivery 7,646 Data Breach 300

Confidence/Romance 7,626 Ransomware 208

Government Impersonation 4,521 SIM Swap 205

Identity Theft 4,064 IPR/Copyright and Counterfeit 163

Business Email Compromise* 3,300 Threats of Violence 111

Credit Card/Check Fraud 3,226 Malware 45

Other 2,017 Crimes Against Children 25

Employment 1,928 Botnet 23

Descriptor**

Cryptocurrency 33,369

*Regarding Business Email Compromise counts: A whole number is given to depict the overall complaint count and
includes when a 60+ complainant may be reporting on behalf of a business or personally.

** This descriptor relates to the medium or tool used to facilitate the crime and are used by IC3 for tracking purposes
only. It is available only after a crime type has been selected. Please see Appendix C for more information regarding IC3
data.
29 2 0 24 IC 3 AN NU A L R EP ORT

CRIME TYP ES REP ORTED BY 60+ Continued

COMPLAINANTS 60+ LOSSES

Crime Type Loss Crime Type Loss

Investment $1,834,242,515 Data Breach $28,546,213

Tech Support $982,440,006 Identity Theft $28,463,106

Confidence/Romance $389,312,356 Extortion $24,901,693

Business Email
$385,001,099 Phishing/Spoofing $20,202,521
Compromise*

Personal Data Breach $254,187,196 SIM Swap $6,342,329

Government Impersonation $208,096,366 Overpayment $5,900,921

IPR/Copyright and
Other $111,300,637 $1,076,710
Counterfeit
Non-Payment/Non-Delivery $76,794,753 Harassment/Stalking $713,693

Real Estate $76,324,236 Threats of Violence $300,488

Lottery/Sweepstakes/
$75,897,926 Crimes Against Children $231,600
Inheritance

Advanced Fee $41,622,868 Malware $187,911

Employment $37,882,347 Ransomware** $43,199

Credit Card/Check Fraud $33,813,267 Botnet $14,852

Descriptor***

Cryptocurrency $2,839,333,197

* Regarding Business Email Compromise losses: A whole number is given to depict the overall complaint count and
includes when a 60+ complainant may be reporting on behalf of a business or personally.
** Regarding ransomware adjusted losses, this number does not include estimates of lost business, time, wages, files, or
equipment, or any third-party remediation services acquired by an entity. In some cases, entities do not report any loss
amount to FBI, thereby creating an artificially low overall ransomware loss rate. Lastly, the number only represents what
entities report to FBI via IC3 and does not account for the entity directly reporting to FBI field offices/agents.
*** This descriptor relates to the medium or tool used to facilitate the crime and used by IC3 for tracking purposes only. It
is available only after a crime type has been selected. Please see Appendix C for more information regarding IC3 data.
30 F ED E RA L BU R EAU OF I NV ES TIG ATION

THREE YEA R COMPA RIS ON

60+ COMPLAINT COUNT

Crime Type 2024 2023 2022

Advanced Fee 1,897 1,951 3,153
Business Email Compromise 3,300 3,080 3,938
Botnet 23 17 33
Confidence Fraud/Romance 7,626 6,740 7,166
Credit Card/Check Fraud 3,226 3,182 4,956
Crimes Against Children 25 26 84
Data Breach 300 336 333
Employment 1,928 1,079 1,286
Extortion 12,618 5,396 4,285
Government Impersonation 4,521 3,517 3,425
Harassment/Stalking 696 568 754
IPR/Copyright and Counterfeit 163 152 235
Identity Theft 4,064 3,010 4,825
Investment 9,448 6,443 4,661
Lottery/Sweepstakes/Inheritance 1,711 1,771 2,388
Malware 45 67 125
Non-Payment/Non-Delivery 7,646 6,693 7,985
Other 2,017 1,447 2,016
Overpayment 527 698 1,183
Personal Data Breach 9,827 7,333 7,849
Phishing/Spoofing 23,252 2,856 8,369
Ransomware 208 175 215
Real Estate 1,765 1,498 1,862
SIM Swap 205 174 301
Tech Support 16,777 17,696 17,810
Threats of Violence 111 115 166

Cryptocurrency 33,369 16,968 9,991

31 2 0 24 IC 3 AN NU A L R EP ORT

THREE YEA R COMPA RIS ON , Continued

60+ COMPLAINT LOSSES

Crime Type 2024 2023 2022

Advanced Fee $41,622,868 $67,923,263 $49,322,099
Business Email Compromise $385,001,099 $382,372,731 $477,342,728
Botnet $14,852 $23,142 $120,621
Confidence Fraud/Romance $389,312,356 $356,888,968 $419,768,142
Credit Card/Check Fraud $33,813,267 $37,862,023 $61,649,198
Crimes Against Children $231,600 $1,159,939 $48,373
Data Breach $28,546,213 $23,913,130 $17,681,749
Employment $37,882,347 $6,835,684 $6,403,021
Extortion $24,901,693 $23,093,451 $15,555,047
Government Impersonation $208,096,366 $179,646,103 $136,500,338
Harassment/Stalking $713,693 $1,930,347 $254,659
IPR/Copyright and Counterfeit $1,076,710 $183,169 $203,140
Identity Theft $28,463,106 $34,551,900 $42,653,578
Investment $1,834,242,515 $1,243,010,600 $990,235,119
Lottery/Sweepstakes/Inheritance $75,897,926 $67,396,206 $69,845,106
Malware $187,911 $261,144 $1,851,421
Non-Payment/Non-Delivery $76,794,753 $59,018,965 $51,531,615
Other $111,300,637 $72,707,042 $31,410,237
Overpayment $5,900,921 $7,496,049 $10,977,231
Personal Data Breach $254,187,196 $109,724,027 $127,736,607
Phishing/Spoofing $20,202,521 $3,355,436 $36,715,205
Ransomware $43,199 $635,548 $210,052
Real Estate $76,324,236 $65,634,851 $135,239,020
SIM Swap $6,342,329 $15,148,072 $19,515,629
Tech Support $982,440,006 $589,759,770 $587,831,698
Threats of Violence $300,488 $5,128,768 $376,458

Cryptocurrency $2,839,333,197 $1,653,484,444 $1,088,330,051

32 F ED E RA L BU R EAU OF I NV ES TIG ATION

OVERALL S TATE S TA TISTICS

COUNTS BY STATE FROM COMPLAINTS FILED BY INDIVIDUALS 60+*

Rank State Count Rank State Count

1 California 18,091 30 Kentucky 1,336
2 Florida 11,902 31 Connecticut 1,209
3 Texas 9,473 32 New Mexico 1,150
4 Arizona 6,683 33 Kansas 1,129
5 Pennsylvania 6,353 34 Arkansas 1,063
6 New York 6,225 35 Iowa 803
7 Illinois 6,064 36 Idaho 775
8 Ohio 5,388 37 Hawaii 647
9 Indiana 5,324 38 New Hampshire 633
10 North Carolina 5,031 39 Maine 608
11 Virginia 3,841 40 Mississippi 604
12 Washington 3,692 41 West Virginia 594
13 Georgia 3,622 42 Nebraska 551
14 Maryland 3,231 43 Delaware 514
15 Massachusetts 3,224 44 Alaska 466
16 Michigan 3,148 45 Montana 438
17 Colorado 3,128 46 Rhode Island 324
18 New Jersey 2,918 47 Puerto Rico 285
19 Tennessee 2,543 48 District of Columbia 267
20 Nevada 2,299 49 Wyoming 267
21 South Carolina 2,293 50 South Dakota 259
22 Oregon 2,288 51 Vermont 243
23 Missouri 2,199 52 North Dakota 174
24 Oklahoma 1,858 53 U.S. Minor Outlying Islands 39
25 Minnesota 1,836 54 Guam 20
26 Wisconsin 1,785 55 Virgin Islands, U.S. 17
27 Utah 1,762 56 Northern Mariana Islands 2
28 Alabama 1,567 57 American Samoa 1
29 Louisiana 1,372
* Note: This information is based on the total number of complaints from each state, American Territory, and the District
of Columbia for which the complainant provided state information. Please see Appendix C for more information regarding
IC3 data.
33 2 0 24 IC 3 AN NU A L R EP ORT

OVERALL S TATE S TA TISTICS , Continued

LOSSES BY STATE FROM COMPLAINTS FILED BY INDIVIDUALS 60+*

Rank State Loss Rank State Loss

1 California $832,710,048 30 Iowa $34,991,114
2 Texas $489,790,386 31 Alabama $33,200,314
3 Florida $388,436,198 32 Connecticut $30,918,559
4 New York $257,658,301 33 New Mexico $30,034,919
5 District of $251,454,544 34 Mississippi $28,870,444
6 Columbia
Arizona $190,686,835 35 Arkansas $27,253,501
7 Georgia $174,744,201 36 Kentucky $26,139,251
8 Pennsylvania $151,096,514 37 Kansas $23,511,153
9 Illinois $133,794,241 38 Nebraska $21,414,248
10 New Jersey $133,397,512 39 Puerto Rico $20,183,422
11 Washington $107,052,160 40 Hawaii $18,851,052
12 Virginia $106,575,141 41 Idaho $18,663,392
13 Massachusetts $99,804,762 42 New Hampshire $15,840,854
14 Ohio $95,441,773 43 Maine $12,980,616
15 Michigan $92,378,793 44 Delaware $12,293,619
16 North Carolina $87,449,567 45 Montana $12,056,193
17 Nevada $81,400,930 46 South Dakota $8,975,829
18 Maryland $80,128,654 47 Wyoming $8,648,675
19 Colorado $74,760,501 48 Alaska $8,173,395
20 Missouri $63,530,750 49 Rhode Island $6,309,411
21 Tennessee $61,882,884 50 West Virginia $5,790,489
22 South Carolina $58,581,997 51 North Dakota $5,781,845
23 Minnesota $52,262,721 52 Vermont $4,177,269
24 Wisconsin $50,525,457 53 U.S. Minor Outlying $670,314
25 Oklahoma $50,203,394 54 Islands
Guam $592,965
26 Oregon $48,116,839 55 Virgin Islands, U.S. $163,884
27 Utah $44,155,961 56 American Samoa $3,000
28 Louisiana $37,512,993 57 Northern Mariana Islands $120
29 Indiana $37,209,947
* Note: This information is based on the total losses in each state, American Territory, and the District of Columbia for
which the complainant provided state information. Please see Appendix C for more information regarding IC3 data.
34 F ED E RA L BU R EAU OF I NV ES TIG ATION

2024 IC3 CRYPTOCURRENCY FRAUD

35 2 0 24 IC 3 AN NU A L R EP ORT

2024 IC3 CRYP TOCU RRENCY FRA U D

20

CRYPTOCURRENCY FRAUD - 2024

149,686 $9.3 Billion in 66% Increase Largest Age

Complaints Losses in Losses Group: 60+

COMPLAINTS REFERENCING CRYPTOCURRENCY

AGE RANGE21 COUNT LOSS

Under 20 1,819 $7,778,157
20 - 29 13,591 $370,443,345
30 - 39 22,218 $1,006,382,458
40 - 49 22,555 $1,462,040,974
50 - 59 19,317 $1,184,912,854
Over 60 33,369 $2,839,333,197
22

IC3 Complaints with Reference to Cryptocurrency

160,000 $10,000,000,000
$ Losses # of Complaints
$9,000,000,000
140,000
$8,000,000,000
120,000
$7,000,000,000
100,000
$6,000,000,000

80,000 $5,000,000,000

$4,000,000,000
60,000
$3,000,000,000
40,000
$2,000,000,000
20,000
$1,000,000,000

0 $0
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

20
Accessibility description: Chart outlines cryptocurrency complaints in 2024: 149,686 complaints; $9.3 billion in losses;
66% increase in loss; largest age group to report is 60+.
21
Not all complaints include an associated age range—those without this information are excluded from this table.
Please see Appendix C for more information regarding IC3 data.
22
Chart outlines the number of cryptocurrency related complaints from 2017 to 2024.
36 F ED E RA L BU R EAU OF I NV ES TIG ATION

CRYPTOCURRENCY in FRAUD TRENDS

CRYPTO INVESTMENT FRAUD

Cryptocurrency Investment by AGE GROUP
Age Group Count Losses
41,557 Complaints; $5.8 Billion in Losses
Under 20 303 $3,307,216
-----
29% Increase in Complaints from 2023 20 - 29 2,906 $273,447,400
47% Increase in Losses from 2023 30 - 39 6,217 $373,696,736
-----
40 - 49 7,145 $1,053,964,645
The FBI Warns of a Spike in Cryptocurrency
Investment Schemes 50 - 59 6,364 $811,298,119
Over 60 8,043 $1,600,353,509

REPORTS of CRYPTO ATM/KIOSK USE

Cryptocurrency ATMs/Kiosks by AGE GROUP
Age Group Count Losses
10,956 Complaints; $246.7 Million in Losses
Under 20 7 $51,913
------
99% Increase in Complaints from 2023 20 - 29 280 $3,739,620
31% Increase in Losses from 2023 30 - 39 361 $4,241,387
------
40 - 49 319 $3,621,774
The FBI Warns of Fraudulent Schemes
Leveraging Cryptocurrency ATMs and QR 50 – 59 349 $5,523,230
Codes to Facilitate Payment Over 60 2,674 $107,206,251
CRIME TYPES MOST ASSOCIATED WITH CRYPTO ATM USE

Count Losses Count Losses

Government
Extortion 4,189 $5,601,953 1,786 $44,587,335
Impersonation
Tech Support 3,037 $107,429,709 Investment 606 $38,090,269

Extortion/Sextortion EXTORTION / SEXTORTION by AGE GROUP

Age Group Count Losses

54,936 Complaints; $33.5 Million in Losses
Under 20 7,463 $3,720,078
-----
59% Increase in Complaints from 2023 20 - 29 20,279 $39,863,422
9% Increase in Losses from 2023 30 - 39 18,617 $102,445,015
-----
40 - 49 17,577 $160,993,499
Malicious Actors Manipulating Photos and
Videos to Create Explicit Content and 50 - 59 12,946 $255,512,960
Sextortion Schemes Over 60 20,445 $724,288,735
37 2 0 24 IC 3 AN NU A L R EP ORT

C R IM E T Y P E S W I T H C RY P T OC U R RE N C Y N E X U S
COMPLAINTS

Crime Type Count Crime Type Count

Extortion 47,054 Identity Theft 527

Investment 41,557 Credit Card/Check Fraud 389
Personal Data Breach 11,644 Ransomware 389
Tech Support 11,129 Lottery/Sweepstakes/Inheritance 329
Employment 6,533 Business Email Compromise 256
Phishing/Spoofing 3,938 Real Estate 256
Confidence/Romance 3,811 SIM Swap 215
Government Impersonation 3,585 Harassment/Stalking 211
Non-Payment/Non-Delivery 2,492 Overpayment 186
Advanced Fee 1,537 Malware 53
Other 1,315 Botnet 44
Data Breach 846 Crimes Against Children 42

Descriptor*

Cryptocurrency 149,686

* This descriptor relates to the medium or tool used to facilitate the crime and are used by IC3 for tracking purposes only.
It is available only after a crime type has been selected. Please see Appendix C for more information regarding IC3 data.
38 F ED E RA L BU R EAU OF I NV ES TIG ATION

C R IM E T Y P E S W I T H C RY P T OC U R RE N C Y N E X U S Continued
LOSSES

Crime Type Loss Crime Type Loss

Investment $5,819,531,069 SIM Swap $28,463,106
Personal Data Breach $1,120,793,009 Credit Card/Check Fraud $24,901,693
Tech Support $961,998,313 Identity Theft $20,202,521
Confidence/Romance $237,151,771 Lottery/Sweepstakes/ $6,342,329
Inheritance
Employment $197,224,612 Real Estate $5,900,921
Data Breach $167,874,424 Ransomware* $1,076,710
Government Impersonation $146,057,054 Botnet $713,693
Extortion $96,072,767 Overpayment $300,488
Business Email Compromise $63,882,699 Harassment/Stalking $231,600

Other $63,516,319 Malware $187,911

Non-Payment/Non-Delivery $55,139,529 IPR/Copyright and $43,199
Counterfeit
Advanced Fee $36,436,824 Threats of Violence $289,288
Phishing/Spoofing $28,546,213 Crimes Against Children $19,174
Descriptor**
Cryptocurrency $9,322,335,911

* Regarding Ransomware adjusted losses, this number does not include estimates of lost business, time, wages, files,
equipment, or any third-party remediation services acquired by a complainant. In some cases, complainants do not report
any loss amount to FBI, thereby creating an artificially low overall ransomware loss rate. Lastly, the number only represents
what complainants report to FBI via IC3 and does not account for complainants directly reporting to FBI field
offices/agents.
** This descriptor relates to the medium or tool used to facilitate the crime and are used by IC3 for tracking purposes only.
It is available only after a crime type has been selected. Please see Appendix C for more information regarding IC3 data.
39 2 0 24 IC 3 AN NU A L R EP ORT

O VE RA L L S T A T E S T A T IS T IC S
CRYPTOCURRENCY COMPLAINTS BY STATE*
Rank State Count Rank State Count
1 California 19,508 30 Kentucky 1,196
2 Texas 11,270 31 Louisiana 1,165
3 Florida 10,698 32 New Mexico 885
4 New York 8,053 33 Kansas 862
5 Pennsylvania 4,355 34 Idaho 835
6 Illinois 4,319 35 Arkansas 775
7 New Jersey 4,259 36 Hawaii 709
8 Washington 4,169 37 Iowa 668
9 Arizona 4,145 38 Mississippi 582
10 Virginia 4,016 39 New Hampshire 547
11 North Carolina 3,684 40 Nebraska 541
12 Georgia 3,533 41 District of Columbia 534
13 Ohio 3,371 42 Alaska 453
14 Colorado 3,218 43 Maine 429
15 Maryland 3,158 44 Montana 421
16 Massachusetts 3,015 45 Delaware 406
17 Michigan 3,009 46 West Virginia 406
18 Tennessee 2,354 47 Rhode Island 329
19 Nevada 2,153 48 Puerto Rico 278
20 Oregon 2,070 49 South Dakota 254
21 Wisconsin 1,973 50 Wyoming 250
22 Missouri 1,951 51 Vermont 207
23 South Carolina 1,944 52 North Dakota 184
24 Indiana 1,880 53 U.S. Minor Outlying Islands 28
25 Minnesota 1,852 54 Guam 15
26 Utah 1,658 55 Virgin Islands, U.S. 13
27 Connecticut 1,361 56 American Samoa 5
28 Alabama 1,313 57 Northern Mariana Islands 3
29 Oklahoma 1,208

* Note: This information is based on the total number of complaints from each state, American Territory, and the District
of Columbia when the complainant provided state information. Please see Appendix C for more information regarding
IC3 data.
40 F ED E RA L BU R EAU OF I NV ES TIG ATION

O VE RA L L S T A T E S T A T IS T IC S , Continued
CRYPTOCURRENCY LOSSES BY STATE*
Rank State Loss Rank State Loss
1 California $1,393,628,996 30 Louisiana $49,306,020
2 Texas $738,583,341 31 Kansas $49,045,398
3 Florida $584,746,970 32 Indiana $48,009,883
4 New York $375,087,857 33 New Mexico $43,269,446
5 Illinois $272,633,678 34 Oklahoma $37,752,198
6 District of $262,640,821 35 Wyoming $36,386,737
Columbia
7 New Jersey $236,721,074 36 Idaho $35,149,916
8 Pennsylvania $218,642,276 37 Kentucky $32,907,797
9 Washington $204,694,032 38 Hawaii $24,893,821
10 Massachusetts $201,530,349 39 Nebraska $23,094,744
11 Georgia $197,647,537 40 New Hampshire $22,699,416
12 Nevada $185,521,892 41 Arkansas $20,654,583
13 Arizona $177,578,809 42 Iowa $20,350,712
14 North Carolina $174,411,615 43 Delaware $19,973,180
15 Virginia $158,769,093 44 Maine $17,137,660
16 Maryland $132,730,401 45 Mississippi $14,505,794
17 Colorado $130,631,488 46 South Dakota $13,811,508
18 Michigan $126,330,606 47 Montana $12,900,561
19 Ohio $123,379,667 48 Rhode Island $12,556,877
20 Missouri $93,029,140 49 Alaska $11,780,664
21 Minnesota $91,614,693 50 North Dakota $7,700,246
22 Tennessee $82,748,140 51 West Virginia $7,686,156
23 Puerto Rico $71,185,851 52 Vermont $4,265,121
24 Oregon $68,159,115 53 U.S. Minor Outlying $874,714
Islands
25 Utah $68,133,250 54 Guam $751,009
26 Wisconsin $67,513,795 55 Virgin Islands, U.S. $324,580
27 South Carolina $60,529,485 56 American Samoa $145,182
28 Connecticut $59,749,544 57 Northern Mariana Islands $16,946
29 Alabama $51,273,598
* Note: This information is based on the total number of complaints from each state, American Territory, and the District
of Columbia when the complainant provided state information. Please see Appendix C for more information regarding
IC3 data.
41 2 0 24 IC 3 AN NU A L R EP ORT

A P P E N D I X A : A B OU T IC 3
Today’s FBI is an intelligence-driven and threat focused national security organization with both intelligence
and law enforcement responsibilities. FBI is focused on protecting the American people from terrorism,
espionage, cyber-attacks, and major criminal threats, which are increasingly emanating from our digitally
connected world. To do that, FBI leverages IC3 as a mechanism to gather intelligence on cybercrime so that
we can provide the public and our many partners with information, services, support, training, and
leadership to stay ahead of the threat.

Every day, IC3 receives thousands of complaints reporting a wide array of scams, many of them targeting
our most vulnerable populations. The information submitted to IC3 can be impactful in the individual
complaints, but it is most impactful in the aggregate. That is, when the individual complaints are combined
with other data, it allows FBI to connect complaints, investigate reported crimes, track trends and threats,
and, in some cases, even freeze stolen funds. Just as importantly, IC3 shares reports of crime throughout
its vast network of FBI field offices and law enforcement partners, strengthening our nation’s collective
response both locally and nationally.

IC3 was established in May 2000 to receive complaints crossing the spectrum of cyber matters, to include
cyber threats and cyber-enabled fraud in their many forms including ransomware, intrusions (hacking),
extortion, international money laundering, investment fraud, and a growing list of crimes. As of publication,
IC3 has received over 9 million complaints. IC3’s mission is to provide the public and our partners with a
reliable and convenient reporting mechanism to submit information concerning suspected cyber-enabled
criminal activity and to develop effective alliances with law enforcement and industry partners to help those
who report. Information is analyzed and disseminated for investigative and intelligence purposes for law
enforcement and public awareness.

To promote public awareness and as part of its prevention mission, IC3 aggregates the submitted data and
produces an annual report on the trends impacting the public as well as routinely providing intelligence
reports about trends. The success of these efforts is directly related to the quality of the data submitted by
the public through the IC3.gov interface. Their efforts help IC3 and FBI better protect their fellow citizens.

Frauds and scams will continue to evolve, but many characteristics of these schemes remain the same
even as new trends develop. Review previous IC3 Annual Reports and Public Service Announcements
(PSAs) to further educate and protect yourself, as well as your family, friends, and community.
42 F ED E RA L BU R EAU OF I NV ES TIG ATION

A P P E N D I X B : D E F IN IT I ON S
Advanced Fee Fraud: An individual pays money to someone in anticipation of receiving something of
greater value in return, but instead, receives significantly less than expected or nothing.
Business Email Compromise (BEC): BEC is a scam targeting businesses or individuals working with
suppliers and/or businesses regularly performing wire transfer payments. These sophisticated scams are
carried out by fraudsters by compromising email accounts and other forms of communication such as
phone numbers and virtual meeting applications, through social engineering or computer intrusion
techniques to conduct unauthorized transfer of funds.
Botnet: A botnet is a group of two or more computers controlled and updated remotely for an illegal
purchase such as a Distributed Denial of Service or Telephony Denial of Service attack or other nefarious
activity.
Confidence/Romance Fraud: An individual believes they are in a relationship (family, friendly, or
romantic) and are tricked into sending money, personal and financial information, or items of value to the
perpetrator or to launder money or items to assist the perpetrator. This includes the Grandparent’s
Scheme and any scheme in which the perpetrator preys on the targeted individual’s “heartstrings.”
Credit Card Fraud/Check Fraud: Credit card fraud is a wide-ranging term for theft and fraud committed
using a credit card or any similar payment mechanism (ACH, EFT, recurring charge, etc.) as a fraudulent
source of funds in a transaction.
Crimes Against Children: Anything related to the exploitation of children, including child abuse.
Data Breach: A data breach in the cyber context is the use of a computer intrusion to acquire confidential
or secured information. This does not include computer intrusions targeting personally owned computers,
systems, devices, or personal accounts such as social media or financial accounts.
Employment Fraud: An individual believes they are legitimately employed and loses money, or launders
money/items during their employment.
Extortion: Unlawful extraction of money or property through intimidation or undue exercise of authority. It
may include threats of physical harm, criminal prosecution, or public exposure.
Government Impersonation: A government official is impersonated to collect or extort money.
Harassment/Stalking: Repeated words, conduct, and/or action that serve no legitimate purpose and are
directed at a specific person to annoy, alarm, or distress that person. Engaging in a course of conduct
directed at a specific person that would cause a reasonable person to fear for his/her safety or the safety
of others or suffer substantial emotional distress.
Identity Theft: Someone wrongfully obtains and uses personally identifiable information in some way that
involves fraud or deception, typically for economic gain.
Investment Fraud: Deceptive practice that induces investors to make purchases based on false
information. These scams usually offer those targeted large returns with minimal risk. (Retirement, 401K,
Ponzi, Pyramid, etc.).
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)/Copyright and Counterfeit: The illegal theft and use of others’ ideas,
inventions, and creative expressions – what’s called intellectual property – everything from trade secrets
and proprietary products and parts to movies, music, and software.
Lottery/Sweepstakes/Inheritance Fraud: An individual is contacted about winning a lottery or
sweepstakes they never entered, or to collect on an inheritance from an unknown relative.
43 2 0 24 IC 3 AN NU A L R EP ORT

Malware: Software or code intended to damage, disable, or capable of copying itself onto a computer
and/or computer systems to have a detrimental effect or destroy data.
Non-Payment/Non-Delivery Fraud: Goods or services are shipped, and payment is never rendered (non-
payment). Payment is sent, and goods or services are never received, or are of lesser quality (non-
delivery).
Other: Criminal or civil matters not currently designated as an IC3 crime type.
Overpayment: An individual is sent a payment/commission and is instructed to keep a portion of the
payment and send the remainder to another individual or business.
Personal Data Breach: A leak/spill of personal data which is released from a secure location to an
untrusted environment. Also, a security incident in which an individual’s sensitive, protected, or
confidential data is copied, transmitted, viewed, stolen, or used by an unauthorized individual.
Phishing/Spoofing: The use of unsolicited email, text messages, and telephone calls purportedly from a
legitimate company requesting personal, financial, and/or login credentials.
Ransomware: A type of malicious software designed to block access to a computer system until money
is paid.
Real Estate Fraud: Loss of funds from a real estate investment or fraud involving rental or timeshare
property.
SIM Swap: The use of unsophisticated social engineering techniques against mobile service providers to
transfer a victim’s phone service to a mobile device in the criminal’s possession.
Tech Support Fraud: Subject posing as technical or customer support/service.
Threats of Violence: An expression of an intention to inflict pain, injury, self-harm, or death not in the
context of extortion.
44 F ED E RA L BU R EAU OF I NV ES TIG ATION

A P P E N D I X C : A D D IT I ON A L IN F O RM A T I ON A B OU T IC 3 D A T A
• As appropriate, complaints are reviewed by IC3 analysts, who apply descriptive data, such as crime
type and adjusted loss.
• Descriptive data for complaints, such as crime type or loss, is variable and can evolve based upon
investigative or analytical proceedings. Statistics are an assessment taken at a point in time, which
may change.
• Complainants are not required to provide an age range.
• Each complaint will only have one crime type.
• Complainant is identified as the individual filing a complaint.
• Some complainants may have filed more than once, creating a possible duplicate complaint.
• All location-based reports are generated from information entered when known/provided by the
complainant.
• Losses reported in foreign currencies are converted to U.S. dollars when possible.
• Complaint counts represent the number of individual complaints received from each state and do not
represent the number of individuals filing a complaint.
 45 2 0 24 IC 3 AN NU A L R EP ORT

A P P E N D I X D : P U B L IC S E RV IC E A N N OU C E M E N T S P U BL IS HE D
Title Date

Chinese Police Imposters Incorporate Aggressive Tactics to Target U.S.-Based Chinese 1/3/2024
Community
Malicious Actors Threaten U.S. Synagogues, Schools, Hospitals, and Other Institutions 1/12/2024
with Bomb Threats
Scammers Use Couriers to Retrieve Cash and Precious Metals from Victims of Tech 1/29/2024
Support and Government Impersonation Scams
IC3 Annual Report and Fraud Flyer 3/18/2024

Child Sexual Abuse Material Created by Generative AI and Similar Online Tools is Illegal 3/29/2024

Cyber Criminals Target Victims Using Social Engineering Techniques 4/11/2024

Smishing Scam Regarding Debt for Road Toll Services 4/12/2024

Alert on Cryptocurrency Money Services Businesses 4/25/2024

New Verification Schemes Target Users of Online Dating Platforms 4/26/2024

Foreign Terrorist Organizations and their Supporters Likely Heighten Threat 5/10/2024
Environment during 2024 Pride Month
Democratic People's Republic of Korea Leverages U.S.-Based Individuals to Defraud 5/16/2024
U.S. Businesses and Generate Revenue
Guidance on the 911 S5 Residential Proxy Service 5/29/2024

Scammers Defraud Individuals via Work-From-Home Scams 6/4/2024

Fictitious Law Firms Targeting Cryptocurrency Scam Victims Offering to Recover Funds 6/24/2024

Scammers Falsely Promise Significant Profit to Victims in Collectible Coin Scams 6/25/2024

DDoS Attacks: Could Hinder Access to Election Information, Would Not Prevent Voting 7/31/2024

FBI Warns of Scammers Impersonating Cryptocurrency Exchanges 8/1/2024

Safety Concern Related to Recent Trend in Financial Institution Customer Fraud 8/2/2024
Scheme
Just So You Know: Ransomware Disruptions during Voting Periods Will Not Impact the 8/15/2024
Security and Resiliency of Vote Casting or Counting
North Korea Aggressively Targeting Crypto Industry with Well-Disguised Social 9/3/2024
Engineering Attacks
Business Email Compromise: The $55 Billion Scam 9/11/2024
 46 F ED E RA L BU R EAU OF I NV ES TIG ATION

Just So You Know: False Claims of Hacked Voter Information Likely Intended to Sow 9/12/2024
Distrust of U.S. Elections
Anniversary of October 7, 2023, HAMAS Attacks May Motivate Individuals to Violence in 10/4/2024
the United States
Counterfeit Check Scam Targets Law Firms Via Debt Collection Scheme 10/8/2024

Just So You Know: Foreign Threat Actors Likely to Use a Variety of Tactics to Develop 10/18/2024
and Spread Disinformation During 2024 U.S. General Election Cycle
Scammers Exploit 2024 US General Election to Perpetrate Multiple Fraud Schemes 10/29/2024

Criminals Use Generative Artificial Intelligence to Facilitate Financial Fraud 12/3/2024

47 2 0 24 IC 3 AN NU A L R EP ORT

AP P ENDIX E: EDU CA TIONAL MA TERIA LS P U BLIS HED

Check – Call – Wait

Avoid falling to a BEC scam.

IC3 Fraud Flyer