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HOW TO USE THIS GUIDEBOOK
RESIST RUSHING IN!
APPROACH INCIDENT FROM UPWIND, AND UPHILL OR UPSTREAM
STAY CLEAR OF ALL SPILLS, VAPORS, FUMES, SMOKE, AND POTENTIAL HAZARDS
WARNING: DO NOT USE THIS FLOWCHART if more than one hazardous material/dangerous
good is involved. Immediately call the appropriate emergency response agency telephone number
listed on the inside back cover of this guidebook.
Do you see
an explosive YES For Divisions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, or 1.5 Use GUIDE 112
placard or For Divisions 1.4 or 1.6 Use GUIDE 114
label?
NO
Do you know NO Do you know NO Do you see NO Do you see NO Use
the UN/NA the name of a placard or a railcar or GUIDE
ID number? the material? label? road trailer? 111
YES YES YES YES
Search for the
Search for the
ID number Refer to Refer to
material in the
in the Pages 8-9 Pages 10-13
Blue Pages
Yellow Pages
Determine the Guide Number
Redo the flowchart once the name of the material
or the accurate UN/NA ID number is identified
If the Guide Number has a “P” Is the material
NO Use the appropriate
next to it, the material may suffer highlighted in
Orange Guide
a violent polymerization green?
YES
Is the material on fire?
YES NO
USE the appropriate USE TABLE 1 for
Orange Guide for isolation and protective
EVACUATION distances, THEN action distances, AND
PROTECT in downwind CONSULT the appropriate
direction according to TABLE 1 Orange Guide
for residual material release
If product includes the reference “(when spilled in water)”,
consult TABLE 2 for a list of the generated gases (for information
purposes only), AND do not use water as extinguishing agent.
BEFORE AN EMERGENCY - BECOME FAMILIAR WITH THIS GUIDEBOOK!
First responders must be trained in the use of this guidebook.
Page 1
LocaL EmErgEncy TELEphonE numbErs
please populate this page with emergency telephone numbers
for local assistance:
hazmaT conTracTors
raiL companiEs
FEdEraL/sTaTE/provinciaL agEnciEs
oThErs
Page 2
TabLE oF conTEnTs
Shipping Documents (Papers) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inside front cover
How to Use this Guidebook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Local Emergency Telephone Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Notification and Request for Technical Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Hazard Classification System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Introduction to the Table of Markings, Labels and Placards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Table of Markings, Labels and Placards and Initial Response Guide to Use On-scene . . . 8
Rail Car Identification Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Road Trailer Identification Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) . . . . . . 14
Hazard Identification Numbers Displayed on Some Intermodal Containers . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Pipeline Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
ID Number Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Name of Material Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92
Guides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159
Introduction to Green Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .289
Protective Action Decision Factors to Consider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291
Protective Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292
Background on Table 1 – Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances . . . . 293
Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Table 2 - Water-Reactive Materials which Produce Toxic Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
Table 3 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Large Spills for Different
Quantities of Six Common TIH (PIH in the US) Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
ERG 2016 User's Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358
Guidebook Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359
Toxic Inhalation Hazard (TIH) materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .360
Isolation and Evacuation Distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .361
Protective Clothing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .363
Fire and Spill Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .365
BLEVE - Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .368
Criminal/Terrorist use of Chemical/Biological/Radiological Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
Improvised Explosive Device Safe Stand Off Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .376
Canada and United States National Response Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
Emergency Response Assistance Plans (ERAP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391
Emergency Response Telephone Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .396
Page 3
saFETy prEcauTions
rEsisT rushing in!
approach cauTiousLy From UPWIND, UPHILL or UPSTREAM:
• Stay clear of Vapor, Fumes, Smoke and Spills
• Keep vehicle at a safe distance from the scene
sEcurE ThE scEnE:
• Isolate the area and protect yourself and others
idEnTiFy ThE hazards using any oF ThE FoLLoWing:
• Placards
• Container labels
• Shipping documents
• Rail Car and Road Trailer Identification Chart
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
• Knowledge of persons on scene
• Consult applicable guide page
assEss ThE siTuaTion:
• Is there a fire, a spill or a leak?
• What are the weather conditions?
• What is the terrain like?
• Who/what is at risk: people, property or the environment?
• What actions should be taken – evacuation, shelter in-place or dike?
• What resources (human and equipment) are required?
• What can be done immediately?
obTain hELp:
• Advise your headquarters to notify responsible agencies and call for assistance from
qualified personnel
rEspond:
• Enter only when wearing appropriate protective gear
• Rescue attempts and protecting property must be weighed against you becoming
part of the problem
• Establish a command post and lines of communication
• Continually reassess the situation and modify response accordingly
• Consider safety of people in the immediate area first, including your own safety
abovE aLL: Do not assume that gases or vapors are harmless because of lack of a
smell – odorless gases or vapors may be harmful . Use cauTion when handling empty
containers because they may still present hazards until they are cleaned and purged of
all residues .
Page 4
noTiFicaTion and rEQuEsT For TEchnicaL inFormaTion
Follow the steps outlined in your organization’s standard operating procedures and/or local
emergency response plan for obtaining qualified assistance . Generally, the notification
sequence and requests for technical information beyond what is available in this guidebook
should occur in the following order:
1. noTiFy your organizaTion/agEncy
• Based on information provided, this will set in motion a series of events
• Actions may range from dispatching additional trained personnel to the scene, to
activating the local emergency response plan
• Ensure that local fire and police departments have been notified
2. caLL ThE EmErgEncy rEsponsE TELEphonE numbEr on ThE
shipping documEnT
• If shipping paper is not available, use guidance under next section “naTionaL
assisTancE”
3. naTionaL assisTancE
• Contact the appropriate emergency response agency listed on the inside back cover
of this guidebook
• Provide as much information about the hazardous material and the nature of the
incident
• The agency will provide immediate advice on handling the early stages of the incident
• The agency will also contact the shipper or manufacturer of the material for more
detailed information if necessary
• The agency will request on-scene assistance when necessary
4. providE as much oF ThE FoLLoWing inFormaTion as possibLE:
• Your name, call-back telephone number, fax number
• Location and nature of problem (spill, fire, etc .)
• Name and identification number of material(s) involved
• Shipper/consignee/point-of-origin
• Carrier name, rail car or truck number
• Container type and size
• Quantity of material transported/released
• Local conditions (weather, terrain)
• Proximity to schools, hospitals, waterways, etc .
• Injuries and exposures
• Local emergency services that have been notified
Page 5
hazard cLassiFicaTion sysTEm
The hazard class of dangerous goods is indicated either by its class (or division) number or name .
Placards are used to identify the class or division of a material . The hazard class or division number
must be displayed in the lower corner of a placard and is required for both primary and subsidiary
hazard classes and divisions, if applicable . For other than Class 7 placards, text indicating a hazard
(for example, “CORROSIVE”) is not required . Text is shown only in the U .S . The hazard class or division
number and subsidiary hazard classes or division numbers placed in parentheses (when applicable),
must appear on the shipping document after each proper shipping name .
class 1 - Explosives
Division 1 .1 Explosives which have a mass explosion hazard
Division 1 .2 Explosives which have a projection hazard but not a mass
explosion hazard
Division 1 .3 Explosives which have a fire hazard and either a minor blast
hazard or a minor projection hazard or both, but not a mass
explosion hazard
Division 1 .4 Explosives which present no significant blast hazard
Division 1 .5 Very insensitive explosives with a mass explosion hazard
Division 1 .6 Extremely insensitive articles which do not have a mass
explosion hazard
class 2 - gases
Division 2 .1 Flammable gases
Division 2 .2 Non-flammable, non-toxic* gases
Division 2 .3 Toxic* gases
class 3 - Flammable liquids (and combustible liquids [U .S .])
class 4 - Flammable solids; substances liable to spontaneous combustion;
substances which, on contact with water, emit flammable gases
Division 4 .1 Flammable solids, self-reactive substances and solid
desensitized explosives
Division 4 .2 Substances liable to spontaneous combustion
Division 4 .3 Substances which in contact with water emit flammable gases
class 5 - oxidizing substances and organic peroxides
Division 5 .1 Oxidizing substances
Division 5 .2 Organic peroxides
class 6 - Toxic* substances and infectious substances
Division 6 .1 Toxic*substances
Division 6 .2 Infectious substances
class 7 - radioactive materials
class 8 - corrosive substances
class 9 - miscellaneous dangerous goods/hazardous materials and articles
* The words “poison” or “poisonous” are synonymous with the word “toxic” .
Page 6
inTroducTion To ThE TabLE oF marKings, LabELs and pLacards
usE This TabLE onLy WhEn ThE id numbEr or propEr shipping namE is
noT avaiLabLE.
The next two pages display the placards used on transport vehicles carrying dangerous
goods with the applicable reference GUIDE circled . Follow these steps:
1. approach scene from upwind, uphill or upstream at a safe distance to safely
identify and/or read the placard or orange panel. use binoculars if available.
2. match the vehicle placard(s) with one of the placards displayed on the next
two pages.
3. consult the circled guide number associated with the placard. use that guide
information for now. For example:
• Use GUIDE 127 for a FLAMMABLE (Class 3) placard
• Use GUIDE 153 for a CORROSIVE (Class 8) placard
• Use GUIDE 111 when the DANGER/DANGEROUS placard is displayed or the
nature of the spilled, leaking or burning material is not known . Also use this GUIDE
when the presence of dangerous goods is suspected but no placards can be seen .
If multiple placards point to more than one guide, initially use the most conservative
guide (i .e ., the guide requiring the greatest degree of protective actions) .
4. guides associated with the placards provide the most significant risk and/or
hazard information.
5. When specific information, such as id number or proper shipping name, becomes
available, the more specific guide recommended for that material must be
consulted.
6. a single asterisk (*) on orange placards represent an explosive's compatibility
group letter. The asterisk must be replaced with the appropriate compatibility
group letter. refer to the glossary (page 376).
7. double asterisks (**) on orange placards represent the division of the explosive.
The double asterisks must be replaced with the appropriate division number.
Page 7
TabLE oF marKings, LabELs, and pLacards
USE THIS TABLE ONLY IF MATERIALS CANNOT BE SPECIFICALLY IDENTIFIED BY
111
112
nly
rO
Ai
For Divisions 1.1,
1.2, 1.3 and 1.5, enter
division number (**) and
compatibility group letter(*),
de er
Mo l Oth
s
when required.
Al
114 118
For Divisions
1.4 and 1.6,
enter compatibility
group letter(*), when
required. 123
121 122
127
125 128
Page 8
AND INITIAL RESPONSE GUIDE TO USE ON-SCENE
USING THE SHIPPING DOCUMENT, NUMBERED PLACARD, OR ORANGE PANEL NUMBER
134 136 139
143 148 153
158
153
163 171
Page 9
Rail caR identification chaRt*
117 Pressure tank car
• For flammable, non-flammable,
toxic and/or liquefied
compressed gases
• Protective housing
• No bottom fittings
• Pressures usually above 40 psi
131 General service tank car (low pressure)
• For variety of hazardous and
non-hazardous materials
• Fittings and valves normally
visible at the top of the tank
• Some may have bottom
outlet valve
• Pressures usually below 25 psi
128 low pressure tank car (tc117, dot117)
• For flammable liquids (e.g.,
Petroleum crude oil, ethanol)
• Protective housing separate
from manway
• Bottom outlet valve
• Pressures usually below 25 psi
(Image provided as a courtesy of
The Greenbrier Companies, Inc.)
Page 10
raiL car idEnTiFicaTion charT*
111 box car
• For general freight that carry bulk
or non-bulk packages
• May transport hazardous
materials in small packages or
"tote bins"
• Single or double sliding door
140 hopper car
• For bulk commodities and bulk
cargo (e .g ., coal, ore, cement
and solid granular materials)
• Bulk lading discharged by gravity
through the hopper bottom doors
when doors opened
cauTion: Emergency response personnel must be aware that rail tank cars vary widely
in construction, fittings and purpose . Tank cars could transport products that may be solids,
liquids or gases . The products may be under pressure . It is essential that products be identified
by consulting shipping documents or train consist or contacting dispatch centers before
emergency response is initiated .
The information stenciled on the sides or ends of tank cars, as illustrated above, may be used
to identify the product utilizing:
a . the commodity name shown; or
b . the other information shown, especially reporting marks and car number which, when
supplied to a dispatch center, will facilitate the identification of the product .
* The recommended guides should be considered as last resort if the material
cannot be identified by any other means.
Page 11
road TraiLEr idEnTiFicaTion charT*
Warning: Road trailers may be jacketed, the cross-section may look different than shown
and external ring stiffeners would be invisible .
noTE: An emergency shut-off valve is commonly found at the front of the tank, near the
driver door .
117 mc331, Tc331, scT331 • For liquefied compressed gases
(e .g ., LPG, ammonia)
• Rounded heads
• Design pressure between 100-500 psi**
117 mc338, Tc338, scT338, Tc341, cga341 • For refrigerated liquefied gases
(cryogenic liquids)
• Similar to a "giant thermo-bottle"
• Fitting compartments located in a
cabinet at the rear of the tank
• MAWP between 25-500 psi**
131 doT406, Tc406, scT306, mc306, Tc306 • For flammable liquids
(e .g ., gasoline, diesel)
• Elliptical cross-section
• Rollover protection at the top
• Bottom outlet valves
• MAWP between 3-15 psi**
112 Tc423 • For emulsion and water-gel explosives
• Hopper-style configuration
• MAWP between 5-15 psi**
137 doT407, Tc407, scT307, mc307, Tc307 • For toxic, corrosive, and
flammable liquids
• Circular cross-section
• May have external ring stiffeners
• MAWP of at least 25 psi**
Page 12
road TraiLEr idEnTiFicaTion charT*
137 doT412, Tc412, scT312, mc312, Tc312 • Usually for corrosive liquids
• Circular cross-section
• External ring stiffeners
• Tank diameter is relatively small
• MAWP of at least 15 psi**
117 compressed gas/Tube Trailer 111 mixed cargo
134 dry bulk cargo Trailer 117 intermodal Tank
137 vacuum Tanker
cauTion: This chart depicts only the most general shapes of road trailers . Emergency
response personnel must be aware that there are many variations of road trailers, not
illustrated above, that are used for shipping chemical products . The suggested guides are
for the most hazardous products that may be transported in these trailer types .
* The recommended guides should be considered as last resort if the material
cannot be identified by any other means.
** maWp: maximum allowable Working pressure.
Page 13
Globally Harmonized SyStem of ClaSSifiCation
and labelinG of CHemiCalS (GHS)
(may be found on means of containment during transport)
The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) is an
international guideline published by the United Nations. The GHS aims to harmonize the
classification and labeling systems for all sectors involved in the life cycle of a chemical
(production, storage, transport, workplace use, consumer use and presence in the
environment).
The GHS has nine symbols used to convey specific physical, health and environmental
hazard information. These symbols are part of a pictogram that is diamond shaped and
includes the GHS symbol in black on a white background with a red frame. The pictogram is
part of the GHS label, which also includes the following information:
• Signal word
• Hazard statement
• Precautionary statements
• Product identifier
• Supplier identification
GHS pictograms are similar in shape to transport labels; however, transport labels have
backgrounds of different colors.
The elements of the GHS that address signal words and hazard statements are not
expected to be adopted in the transport sector. For substances and mixtures covered by
the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model Regulations, the
transport labels for physical hazards will have precedence. In transport, a GHS pictogram
for the same (or lesser) hazard as the one reflected by the transport label or placard should
not be present, but it could exist on the package.
examples of GHS labeling:
outer Packaging: Box inner Packaging: Plastic Single Packaging: 200 L
with flammable liquid bottle with GHS hazard (55 US gallons) drum with
transport label warning label a flammable liquid transport
label combined with GHS
hazard warning label
Page 14
In some cases, such as on drums or international bulk containers (IBCs), which must
address information for all sectors, the GHS label may be found in addition to the required
transport labels and placards . Both types of labels (GHS and transport) will differ in a way
that will make them easy to identify during an emergency .
ghs ghs health and
physical hazards
pictograms pictograms Environmental hazards
Explosive; Skin corrosion;
Self-reactive; Serious eye damage
Organic peroxide
Flammable; Acute toxicity (harmful);
Pyrophoric; Skin sensitizer;
Self-reactive; Irritant (skin and eye);
Organic peroxide; Narcotic effect;
Self-heating; Respiratory tract irritant;
Emits flammable gases Hazardous to ozone layer
when in contact with water (environment)
Oxidizer Respiratory sensitizer;
Mutagen;
Carcinogen;
Reproductive toxicity;
Target organ toxicity;
Aspiration hazard
Gas under pressure Hazardous to aquatic
environment
Corrosive to metals Acute toxicity (fatal or toxic)
Page 15
