POWER

RESOURCES
HAMZA MIR
GEOGRAPHY 2059/2
 CONTENTS
❑ NUCLEAR ENERGY
❑ THERMAL ELECTRICITY
❑ HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER
❑ SOLAR POWER
❑ WIND POWER
❑ GEOTHERMAL POWER
❑ TIDAL POWER
❑ WAVE POWER
❑ BIOMASS
❑ BIOGASS
 NUCLEAR ENERGY
• NUCLEAR ENERGY ORIGINATES FROM THE
SPLITTING OF URANIUM ATOMS – A PROCESS BOTH FISSION AND FUSION ARE NUCLEAR
CALLED FISSION. THIS GENERATES HEAT TO REACTIONS THAT PRODUCE ENERGY, BUT THE

PRODUCE STEAM, WHICH IS USED BY A APPLICATIONS ARE NOT THE SAME. FISSION IS THE

TURBINE GENERATOR TO GENERATE SPLITTING OF A HEAVY, UNSTABLE NUCLEUS INTO

ELECTRICITY. BECAUSE NUCLEAR TWO LIGHTER NUCLEI, AND FUSION IS THE PROCESS

POWER PLANTS DO NOT BURN FUEL, THEY WHERE TWO LIGHT NUCLEI COMBINE TOGETHER

DO NOT PRODUCE GREENHOUSE GAS RELEASING VAST AMOUNTS OF ENERGY.

EMISSIONS.

• KARACHI NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

COMMISSIONED IN 1971 (137 MW)

• CHASHMA NUCLEAR POWER PLANT WAS

CONSTRUCTED WITH THE HELP OF CHINA
NATIONAL NUCLEAR CORPORATION IN
1999
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
1. Coal, Oil and Gas will be exhausted
one day, whereas Nuclear Energy 1. Fuel rods in reactors produce
can solve the energy problem. Less dangerous rays which can create
than half kg of uranium contains 3 cancer and children can be born
millions more time energy than the deformed.
same weight of Coal. 2. Nuclear waste can remain
2. Chances of accidents are very low. radioactive for many years

3. Nuclear Energy can speed up the 3. Pakistan doesn’t have enough

process of Industrialization. financial resources to build it.

4. It contributes less than 4. Other renewable resources like

conventional fuels to the water, sun and winds could be
green-house effect and acid rain relied upon.
 Thermal generation refers to the process of
generating electricity from heat. There are
THERMAL four thermal energy fuels: coal, natural gas,
ELECTRICI wood waste and geo-thermal. Strictly
speaking, nuclear power is also thermal
TY energy fuel, but it is set aside in a class of its
own because of it's unique traits.
 These fossil fuels are burned to produce steam that moves the turbine to generate electricity.
Transformers control the voltage and transfer electricity to pylons through transmission lines.
 HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER (HEP)

The most common type

of hydroelectric power
plant uses a dam on a river to
store water in a reservoir. Water
released from the reservoir flows
through a turbine, spinning it,
which in turn activates a
generator to produce electricity.
 REQUIRED IDEAL FACTORS FOR (HEP)
ECONOMIC PHYSICAL AND HUMAN
• Demand of Power (generation of electricity 1. Deep Valley can carry more water leading
should be easily utilized in nearby areas). A to more force. Water would have more time
densely populated area is more suitable. to speed up before it hits the turbine.
• Lack of other energy resources (Coal and 2. A narrow valley to make sure that
Oil would end up one day for electricity construction cost of dam remain low and
generation) project is faceable due to technical
difficulties.
• Capital investments (Initial and
Maintenance costs) 3. Solid Rock structure or Geological stability
for construction of Dams (Earthquakes &
Leakage)
4. Heavy Precipitation and river basins that is
fed by Glaciers
5. Suitable Climate (Temperature above
freezing point)
6. Presence of Lakes
7. River must pass through forested areas so
that it carries low amount of Silt.
 SOLAR POWER
Solar power is the conversion
of energy from sunlight
into electricity, either directly using
photovoltaics (PV), indirectly using
concentrated solar power, or a
combination. Concentrated solar
power systems use lenses or mirrors
and tracking systems to focus a large
area of sunlight into a small beam.
 USES
o Rural Electrification
o Water Heating
o Pumping water from wells
o Cooking purposes
o Highway emergency telephones
o Refrigeration of medicines
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
It’s a Renewable resource The initial and maintenance cost is
high
It doesn’t make any kind of a noise
Very little maintenance is required to keep Sun doesn’t shine consistently
it running Solar energy is a diffuse source
It may seem quite expensive when you It takes a lot of space to build
purchase it but in a longer run it would save
money
It produces zero emission (gasses and
smokes)
It creates employment opportunities.
 WIND
POWER
The speed of the wind rotates the blades
of a rotor (between 10 and 25 rpm),
producing kinetic energy. The rotor
then drives a generator that converts
the mechanical energy into electricity.
The power of modern onshore wind
turbines is in excess of 3 MW.
 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF
DEVELOPING WIND POWER
DISADVANTAGES
Expensive to build
ADVANTAGES Strength of the wind isn’t constant that’s why it
It’s a renewable resource doesn’t provide same amount of electricity
Environmental friendly Wind turbines can kill Birds and Bats effecting eco
system
Deployed locally in rural and remote areas
Burden on land resources which are scarce
Wind farms are interesting features of landscape
attracting tourism Only build in coastal and mountainous regions where
wind speed is high
Wind turbines are available in wide range
7500 turbines are needed to provide electricity equals
It can provide a source of income where job to one nuclear power stations
opportunities are limited
 GEOTHERMAL POWER
Geo means “Earth” and Thermal means
“Heat” is the energy derived from the
heat of the Earth’s Core. It is produced
from Earth’s heat absorbed in
underground water (hot springs). Holes
are drilled into land same like for Oil to
pump out hot water. This hot water or
steam is used to drive the turbines to
produce electricity.
 POTENTIAL OF GEOTHERMAL IN
PAKISTAN
•Plate margin passes through Pakistan and it lies in an earthquake zone.
•Himalaya region and Chagai area in Baluchistan plateau has the potential
of commercially exploitable sources of this energy.

•Large number of hot springs are also found in the country by some
survey teams.
 WAVE POWER
Wave Energy also known as Ocean Wave Energy,
is another type of ocean based renewable energy
source that uses the power of the waves to generate
electricity. Unlike tidal energy which uses the ebb
and flow of the tides, wave energy uses the vertical
movement of the surface water that produce tidal
waves.
1000 km long Makran Coastal Area have strong
waver energy.
 TIDAL POWER

Tidal power or tidal energy is a form of hydropower

that converts the energy obtained from tides into
useful forms of power, mainly electricity. Although
not yet widely used, tidal energy has potential for
future electricity generation. Tides are more
predictable than the wind and the sun.
Indus Deltaic Creek System is a great asset for future
energy supply in Sindh which extends over 170 km.
 BIOMASS
Biomass is organic material that comes from plants and animals, and it is a
renewable source of energy . Biomass contains stored energy from the sun. Plants
absorb the sun's energy in a process called photosynthesis. When biomass is
burned, the chemical energy in biomass is released as heat.
 BIOMASS IN
PAKISTAN
• Village Women make Patties of Cow
Dung, Straw and Clay to dry and use
as home cooking and fuel.
• It is relatively inefficient use of the
biomass and causes severe indoor air
pollution with adverse health effects
such as lung cancer and chest
infections.
 BIOGAS
It is produced from Animal and
Plant waste. Fermentation of
cow dung gives off methane
gas which is used for cooking,
heating and other purposes.
It is a cheap source of energy.
If it happens on a large scale it
will make the deficiency of a
soil having organic nutrients
even worse.
It will increase Air Pollution
because Methane is a
greenhouse gas.
THANK YOU