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PAST PAPER
 NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 12

SEPTEMBER 2019

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1
MARKING GUIDELINE

MARKS: 150

The marking guidelines consists of 11 pages.

2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2019)

SECTION A

QUESTION 1

1.1 1.1.1 B 
1.1.2 C 
1.1.3 B 
1.1.4 A 
1.1.5 D 
1.1.6 A 
1.1.7 B 
1.1.8 C 
1.1.9 C 
1.1.10 D  (10 x 2) (20)

1.2 1.2.1 B only 

1.2.2 Both A and B 
1.2.3 None 
1.2.4 A only 
1.2.5 B only  (5 x 2) (10)

1.3 1.3.1 Biological Value/BV 

1.3.2 Drenching gun/Dosing gun 
1.3.3 Repeated Breeder Syndrome 
1.3.4 Prostate 
1.3.5 Hydrocephalus  (5 x 2) (10)

1.4 1.4.1 Maintenance 

1.4.2 Battery 
1.4.3 Super ovulation 
1.4.4 Acrosome 
1.4.5 Dry period  (5 x 1) (5)

TOTAL SECTION A: 45

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(EC/SEPTEMBER 2019) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 3

SECTION B

QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION

2.1 Alimentary canals of farm animals

2.1.1 Classification of farm animals

Diagram 1 – Non-ruminant 
Diagram 3 – Ruminant  (2)

2.1.2 Reason for each classification

Diagram 1 – It has a simple/monogastric stomach/ventriculus/
proventriculus 
Diagram 3 – It has a complex/compound stomach  (2)

2.1.3 Determination of the age of the animal in Diagram 3

Young ruminant/calf  (1)

2.1.4 ONE feature visible for the age

 Presence of oesophogal groove 
 Underdeveloped rumen/reticulum/omasum 
 Well-developed abomasum  (Any 1 x 1) (1)

2.1.5 Justification of animals not digesting crude fibre

Diagram 2 – There are no rumen micro-organisms to digest crude
fibre 
Diagram 3 – Rumen is still underdeveloped/not functioning  (2)

2.1.6 Identification of the letter where rennin is secreted

Diagram 1 – B 
Diagram 3 – E  (2)

2.2 Indication of animal feeds

(a) Oilcake meal  (1)

(b) Maize meal  (1)
(c) Sun dried hay  (1)
(d) Green lucerne  (1)

2.3 Feed composition

2.3.1 Classification of feeds

Feed A – Concentrates  (1)
Feed B – Roughage  (1)

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4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2019)

2.3.2 Reason for classification

Feed A Low percentage of crude fibre 
High percentage of Total Digestible Nutrients/TDN 
High percentage of protein  (Any 1)

Feed B High percentage of crude fibre 

Low percentage of Total Digestible Nutrients 
Low percentage of protein  (Any 1) (2)

2.3.3 Calculation of nutritive ratio of FEED A

Calculation of DNNE’s = TDN (12,5 + 6 + 60 + 1,5 = 80%)
80 – 12,5 = 67,5% 
% digestible non-nitrogen substances
Nutritive Ratio = 1 : 
% digestible protein

67,5
1: 
12,5

1 : 5,4 
OR
Calculation of DNNE’s = TDN (12,5 + 6 + 60 + 1,5 = 80%) 
TDN – DP
Nutritive Ratio = 1 : 
DP

80 – 12,5
1: 
12,5

1 : 5,4  (4)

2.3.4 Recommendation of FEED A

Recommended for growth purpose  (1)
Reason
NR is narrow/more protein for growth  (1)

2.4 Process in the alimentary canal

2.4.1 Identification of the process

Absorption of food  (1)

2.4.2 Name of the part where absorption occurs

Small intestine  (1)

2.4.3 Identification of the type of nutrient transport

A – Passive absorption 
B – Active transport  (2)

2.4.4 Reason for the type of transport

A/Passive absorption – Nutrients move along concentration gradient 
B/Active transport – Nutrients move against concentration gradient  (2)

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(EC/SEPTEMBER 2019) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 5

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6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2019)

2.5 Feed flow programme

2.5.1 Identification of the month for culling animals

Month 6  (1)

2.5.2 Reason
 Feed available is the lowest 
 Supplementary requirement is the highest  (Any 1 x 1) (1)

2.5.3 Calculation of feed available in tons during month 2

800 kg/ha x 14 ha 
11 200 kg

1 000

11,2 tons  (3)

[35]

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(EC/SEPTEMBER 2019) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 7

QUESTION 3: ANIMAL PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND CONTROL

3.1 Graph on temperature requirement of broiler chickens

3.1.1 Deduction of the trend of temperature requirement

 From week 1 to week 5 it decreases gradually
 From week 5 to week 7 it is constant  (2)

3.1.2 Line graph

Criteria/rubric/marking guideline
 Correct heading 
 X-axis: Correctly calibrated and labelled (Age) 
 Y-axis: Correctly calibrated and labelled (Temperature) 
 Line graph 
 Correct units (Weeks and °C) 
 Accuracy  (6)

3.1.3 Equipment that can be used if temperature drops below 10 °C

Heaters/Infrared lights/Air conditioner  (Any 1 x 1) (1)

3.2 Bull under stress

3.2.1 THREE visible signs showing distress
 Pawing 
 Raised hair 
 Snorting 
 Raised tail  (3)
 Feigned charging movements  (Any 3 x 1)

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8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2019)

3.2.2 Effect of the behaviour to handlers

Injury  (1)

3.2.3 Equipment to calm the bull

Electric prodder  (1)

3.2.4 THREE guidelines for handling large farm animals

 Avoid yelling at animals 
 Do not approach animals from a blind spot 
 Move animals through a chute that has minimal obstructions 
 Never prod animals if they have no place to go 
 Announce your presence by touching it  (Any 3 x 1) (3)

3.3 Production unit/ system

3.3.1 Identification of the production system

Intensive production system  (1)

3.3.2 Reason
Presence of facilities 
Animals are kept in an enclosure 
High capital investment  (Any 1) (1)

3.3.3 Identification of the letter

(a) C/D 
(b) B
(c) D/C  (3)

3.4 FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE/FMD

3.4.1 Naming the pathogen

Virus  (1)

3.4.2 Extraction of a term from scenario meaning FMD can be

transferred
Contagious  (1)

3.4.3 Key symptom of FMD

Blister-like lesions on the tongue/between the toes  (1)

3.4.4 TWO state actions from the scenario

 Impose trade regulation 
 Veterinary services 
 Quarantine  (Any 2 x 1) (2)

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(EC/SEPTEMBER 2019) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 9

3.5 Parasites
3.5.1 Choosing the parasite

(a) Nasal worm  (1)

(b) Liver fluke  (1)
(c) Bont tick  (1)
(d) Tape worm  (1)
(e) Blowfly  (1)

3.6 THREE basic principles of good health

 Sanitation 
 Controlling pests and parasites 
 Proper handling of manure 
 Isolation of sick animals 
 Vaccination of animals 
 Good management 
 Ensure that feeds are not contaminated 
 Waiting for a withdrawal period before using animal product 
 Application of correct dosage of medication 
 Burning carcass of infected animals  (Any 3 x 1) (3)
[35]

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10 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2019)

QUESTION 4: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION

4.1 Reproductive systems

4.1.1 Identification of the letter

(a) Diagram 1 – A 
Diagram 2 – D  (2)
(b) C (1)
(c) E (1)
(d) A (1)

4.1.2 Common congenital defect in bulls and cows causing sterility

Hypoplasia  (1)

4.1.3 TWO hormones responsible for ovulation

Luteinizing hormone 
Oestrogen hormone  (2)

4.2 TWO senses regulating mating behaviour in bull

 Smell 
 Sight 
 Touch/tactile/contact  (Any 2) (2)

4.3 Artificial Insemination

4.3.1 Arrangement of the steps during AI chronologically

 Semen harvesting 
 Semen examination 
 Semen dilution 
 Heat detention 
 Placing of semen into the reproductive tract of a cow  (5)

4.3.2 TWO economic benefits of AI for the farmer

 More female animals can be fertilised by superior male
animals 
 It is a quick and economic way of improving the herd 
 Commercial value of herd is improved 
 No need to buy an expensive bull 
 Higher conception rate  (Any 2 x 1) (2)

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(EC/SEPTEMBER 2019) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 11

4.4 Cloning

4.4.1 Identification of the process

Cloning/Nuclear transfer  (1)

4.4.2 Letter of the sheep that is identical to the cloned sheep

Sheep A  (1)

4.4.3 Letter of a sheep that will be a surrogate

Sheep E  (1)

4.4.4 Name of the processes in C

Enucleation  (1)

4.4.5 TWO aims of cloning

 To produce large number of genetically identical animals 
 To produce offspring from high quality animals 
 To preserve superior genetics 
 To increase the number of endangered species  (Any 2 x 1) (2)

4.5 Gestation stages

4.5.1 Identification of the process

Fertilisation  (1)

4.5.2 Indication of the stage of pregnancy labelled A

Ovum stage  (1)

4.5.3 Development that occurs at stage C

Rapid increase of the uterus (1)

4.5.4 TWO systems developing at stage B

 Respiratory system 
 Digestive system 
 Uro-genital and vascular system 
 Central nervous system  (Any 2 x 1) (2)

4.5.5 TWO reasons for abortion

 Hormonal or metabolic abnormalities 
 Malnutrition 
 Trauma and injuries 
 Poisoning 
 Infections 
 Allergies and twinning 
 Genetic/chromosomal defects  (Any 2 x 1) (2)

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12 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2019)

4.6 Parturition

4.6.1 Indication of the form of presentation

(a) Anterior presentation  (1)
(b) Posterior presentation  (1)

4.6.2 Presentation that will need vetenary assistance

 Posterior presentation  (1)

4.6.3 TWO problems causing difficult birth

 Deviation of head 
 Flection of the elbow 
 Retention of one or both forelegs 
 Congenital defects/deformities 
 Twins  (Any 2 x 1) (2)
[35]

TOTAL SECTION B: 105

GRAND TOTAL: 150

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