The Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva
Abhiyan (PMSMA) aims to provide
comprehensive and quality antenatal care to
pregnant women, ensuring safe motherhood.
Describe the objectives and implementation
Launched to enhance institutional delivery, it
strategies of the Pradhan Mantri Surakshit
works alongside JSY, which eliminates out-of-
Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA) and how it
pocket expenses for such deliveries.
integrates with existing maternal health
Additionally, JSSK extends entitlements for
programs like Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY)
the treatment of infants, ensuring that all
and Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakaram
antenatal and post-natal care is accessible.
(JSSK).
The PMSMA is implemented on the 9th of
every month, promoting regular check-ups
and health services for mothers and
newborns.
The National Programme for Family Planning,
under the Mission Pariwar Vikas, plays a
crucial role in stabilizing population growth
and enhancing reproductive health in India.
Its strategic focus is on improving access to
Explain the significance of the National
contraceptives, ensuring commodity security,
Programme for Family Planning and its
and delivering high-quality family planning
strategic focus on improving access to
services. By addressing the needs of various
contraceptives and reproductive health
demographics, the program aims to reduce
services in India.
infant and child mortality and morbidity rates,
thereby promoting healthier families and
communities. This initiative is vital for
empowering individuals to make informed
choices about family planning.
The Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP)
is a cornerstone of public health in India,
aiming to provide essential vaccines to
infants, children, and pregnant women to
prevent various infectious diseases. The UIP
How does the Universal Immunisation
includes vaccines such as BCG, OPV, Hepatitis
Programme (UIP) contribute to public health
B, Pentavalent, Rotavirus, Pneumococcal
in India, and what specific vaccines are
Conjugate Vaccine, Measles/MR, and DPT
included in its schedule for infants, children,
boosters, among others. By ensuring
and pregnant women?
widespread vaccination, the UIP significantly
reduces morbidity and mortality rates
associated with vaccine-preventable diseases,
thereby enhancing community health and
safeguarding future generations.
Mission Indradhanush aims to achieve full
immunization coverage for all children up to
two years of age and pregnant women in
India. The initiative focuses on reaching every
child, especially in underserved areas, by
Discuss the goals and strategies of the enhancing the delivery of vaccines and
Mission Indradhanush in ensuring full addressing barriers to access. Strategies
immunization coverage for children and include targeted vaccination campaigns,
pregnant women in India. community engagement, and strengthening
health infrastructure. By ensuring that all
children receive the necessary vaccinations,
the mission seeks to reduce the incidence of
preventable diseases and improve overall
public health outcomes.
The Navjaat Shishu Suraksha Karyakram
(NSSK) is designed to tackle critical care at
birth issues, focusing on the prevention of
hypothermia, early initiation of breastfeeding,
and basic newborn resuscitation. Its
objectives include training health personnel in
Define the objectives of the Navjaat Shishu
essential newborn care practices to ensure
Suraksha Karyakram (NSSK) and its role in
the health and survival of newborns. By
addressing care at birth issues in India.
equipping healthcare providers with the
necessary skills and knowledge, NSSK aims to
reduce neonatal mortality rates and improve
the overall health of infants in India, thereby
contributing to better maternal and child
health outcomes.
The Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) is a
government initiative aimed at promoting
institutional deliveries among pregnant
women in India. By providing financial
incentives, JSY eliminates out-of-pocket
expenses for mothers, encouraging them to
Elaborate on the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) seek care in health facilities. This program
and its impact on institutional deliveries and has significantly increased the rate of
maternal health in India. institutional deliveries, thereby improving
maternal health outcomes. The JSY also
emphasizes the importance of skilled
attendance during childbirth, which is crucial
for reducing maternal and infant mortality
rates, ultimately contributing to safer
motherhood.
The Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakaram
(JSSK) plays a vital role in enhancing
healthcare access for mothers and newborns
by providing free treatment and services
during antenatal, delivery, and postnatal
periods. JSSK ensures that all sick newborns
Describe the role of the Janani Shishu
receive necessary medical attention without
Suraksha Karyakaram (JSSK) in enhancing
financial burden, thereby promoting
healthcare access for mothers and newborns
institutional care. The program also includes
in India.
provisions for transportation, meals, and
diagnostics, ensuring comprehensive support
for mothers and infants. By facilitating access
to quality healthcare, JSSK aims to improve
maternal and child health indicators across
the country.
The comprehensive antenatal care (ANC)
framework is essential for ensuring the health
of mothers and infants in India. It
encompasses regular health check-ups,
nutritional counseling, screening for
complications, and education on safe delivery
How does the comprehensive antenatal care
practices. Key components include monitoring
(ANC) framework contribute to the overall
the mother's health, providing necessary
health of mothers and infants in India, and
vaccinations, and promoting healthy lifestyle
what are its key components?
choices. By addressing potential health issues
early and providing continuous support, ANC
significantly reduces risks associated with
pregnancy and childbirth, ultimately leading
to better health outcomes for both mothers
and their newborns.
Training health personnel in basic newborn
care and resuscitation is a critical component
of the Navjaat Shishu Suraksha Karyakram
(NSSK). This training equips healthcare
providers with the skills necessary to manage
newborns effectively, particularly in the first
Explain the importance of training health
few hours after birth when they are most
personnel in basic newborn care and
vulnerable. Key areas of focus include
resuscitation as part of the Navjaat Shishu
preventing hypothermia, ensuring proper
Suraksha Karyakram (NSSK).
breastfeeding initiation, and performing basic
resuscitation techniques. By enhancing the
capabilities of health workers, NSSK aims to
reduce neonatal mortality rates and improve
the overall health and survival of newborns in
India.
The strategic focus on commodity security
within the National Programme for Family
Planning is crucial for ensuring that
individuals have consistent access to
contraceptives and reproductive health
Discuss the significance of the strategic focus services. This focus addresses the supply
on commodity security in the National chain management of contraceptive methods,
Programme for Family Planning and its ensuring that a variety of options are
implications for reproductive health services available to meet diverse needs. By securing
in India. the availability of high-quality contraceptives,
the program empowers individuals to make
informed choices about family planning,
ultimately leading to improved reproductive
health outcomes and a reduction in
unintended pregnancies.
The Ayushman Bharat Yojana is designed to
shift from a fragmented health service
delivery model to a comprehensive, need-
based approach. It aims to provide holistic
health care that includes prevention,
promotion, and ambulatory care across
Describe the objectives and components of
primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. The
the Ayushman Bharat Yojana, particularly
initiative comprises two key components: the
focusing on how it aims to transform health
establishment of 1,50,000 Health and
service delivery in India. What are the two
Wellness Centres to bring healthcare closer to
main components of this initiative, and how
communities, and the Pradhan Mantri Jan
do they contribute to achieving Universal
Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY), which seeks to
Health Coverage?
ensure significant Universal Health Coverage
(UHC) and contribute to Sustainable
Development Goal 3 (SDG3). Together, these
components aim to enhance accessibility and
affordability of healthcare services for all
citizens.
The Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI) is a
crucial initiative aimed at enhancing
immunization coverage among children under
two years of age and pregnant women who
have been left uncovered by the routine
Explain the significance of the Intensified
immunization program. This mission focuses
Mission Indradhanush (IMI) in the context of
on reaching out to the most vulnerable
immunization for children and pregnant
populations, ensuring that they receive
women in India. What are the target
essential vaccinations that protect against
demographics, and how does this initiative
preventable diseases. By intensifying efforts
aim to improve vaccination coverage?
in areas with low coverage, IMI seeks to
bridge gaps in immunization, thereby
improving overall public health outcomes and
reducing morbidity and mortality rates
associated with vaccine-preventable diseases.
The Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha
Yojana (PMSSY) is aimed at correcting
imbalances in the availability of affordable
healthcare across different regions of India,
particularly focusing on underserved states.
How does the Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Its primary objectives include the
Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY) address healthcare establishment of new medical institutions
disparities in India? Discuss its objectives and akin to AIIMS and the upgrading of existing
the specific measures it implements to medical colleges to improve the quality of
enhance healthcare facilities, particularly in healthcare services. By enhancing
underserved regions. infrastructure and resources in these areas,
PMSSY seeks to ensure that all citizens have
access to quality healthcare, thereby
promoting equity in health service delivery
and addressing the disparities that exist in
the healthcare system.
The National Health Mission (NHM), launched
in 2013, plays a pivotal role in strengthening
health systems across India by subsuming
various health initiatives. Its main
components include Health System
Strengthening for Reproductive-Maternal-
Discuss the role of the National Health Neonatal-Child and Adolescent Health, as well
Mission (NHM) in strengthening health as addressing both Communicable and Non-
systems in India. What are its main Communicable Diseases. NHM aims to
components, and how does it aim to achieve achieve universal access to equitable and
universal access to healthcare services? affordable healthcare services that are
responsive to the needs of the population. By
focusing on comprehensive health care and
community engagement, NHM strives to
ensure that all individuals, regardless of their
socio-economic status, can access quality
health services.
The 'LaQshya' programme is an initiative
aimed at improving the quality of care in
labor rooms and maternity operation theatres
across India. Its primary objectives include
enhancing the standards of maternal
healthcare by implementing quality
Explain the objectives of the 'LaQshya'
improvement initiatives that focus on safety,
programme and its significance in improving
efficiency, and patient-centered care. The
maternal healthcare in India. What specific
programme targets specific areas such as
areas does it target, and how does it aim to
infection control, proper management of
enhance the quality of care in labor rooms
complications, and ensuring respectful
and operation theatres?
maternity care. By establishing protocols and
training healthcare providers, 'LaQshya' seeks
to create a safer and more supportive
environment for women during childbirth,
ultimately leading to better maternal and
neonatal health outcomes.
The Ayushman Bharat initiative adopts a
continuum of care approach that integrates
various levels of healthcare services, ensuring
that individuals receive comprehensive care
throughout their health journey. This
approach encompasses preventive,
promotive, curative, and rehabilitative
How does the Ayushman Bharat initiative
services across primary, secondary, and
adopt a continuum of care approach in its
tertiary levels. By establishing Health and
health service delivery model? Discuss the
Wellness Centres and implementing the
implications of this approach for healthcare
Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY),
accessibility and quality in India.
the initiative aims to enhance accessibility to
healthcare services, particularly for
marginalized populations. The implications of
this approach include improved health
outcomes, reduced healthcare costs, and a
more efficient health system that is
responsive to the needs of the community.
Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs) are a
cornerstone of the Ayushman Bharat
initiative, designed to provide comprehensive
healthcare services at the community level.
These centres aim to bring healthcare closer
to people's homes, making it more accessible
Describe the key features of the Health and
and convenient. Key features of HWCs include
Wellness Centres established under the
the provision of essential health services such
Ayushman Bharat initiative. How do these
as maternal and child health care,
centres contribute to bringing healthcare
immunization, management of chronic
closer to the population, and what services do
diseases, and health education. By focusing
they typically offer?
on preventive and promotive health, HWCs
play a vital role in improving health
outcomes, reducing the burden on tertiary
care facilities, and fostering a healthier
community through early intervention and
continuous care.
Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and
Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG3) are
critical frameworks guiding India's healthcare
initiatives, including Ayushman Bharat. UHC
aims to ensure that all individuals have
access to quality health services without
Discuss the significance of Universal Health financial hardship, while SDG3 focuses on
Coverage (UHC) and Sustainable ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-
Development Goal 3 (SDG3) in the context of being for all at all ages. These goals influence
India's healthcare initiatives. How do these the design and implementation of health
goals influence the design and programs by emphasizing the need for
implementation of health programs like equitable access to healthcare, the
Ayushman Bharat? importance of preventive services, and the
necessity of addressing social determinants of
health. As a result, initiatives like Ayushman
Bharat are structured to enhance
accessibility, affordability, and quality of
healthcare services, ultimately striving to
achieve these global health objectives.
The National Urban Health Mission (NUHM)
operates within the broader framework of the
National Health Mission (NHM) to address the
unique health challenges faced by urban
populations in India. NUHM focuses on
improving healthcare access and quality in
urban slums and underserved areas, where
Explain the role of the National Urban Health
health disparities are often pronounced. It
Mission (NUHM) within the broader framework
aims to enhance health service delivery
of the National Health Mission. What specific
through community participation,
challenges does it address in urban areas,
strengthening urban health systems, and
and how does it aim to improve health
integrating services for maternal and child
outcomes for urban populations?
health, communicable diseases, and non-
communicable diseases. By targeting the
specific needs of urban populations, NUHM
seeks to improve health outcomes, reduce
morbidity and mortality rates, and promote
overall well-being in rapidly growing urban
environments.
Addressing both communicable and non-
communicable diseases (NCDs) within the
National Health Mission (NHM) framework is
crucial for achieving comprehensive
healthcare in India. Communicable diseases,
such as tuberculosis and malaria, continue to
Discuss the importance of addressing both pose significant public health challenges,
communicable and non-communicable while the rising burden of NCDs, including
diseases within the National Health Mission diabetes and cardiovascular diseases,
framework. How does this dual focus requires a robust response. By integrating
contribute to achieving comprehensive health strategies to combat both types of diseases,
care in India? NHM aims to provide holistic health services
that cater to the diverse health needs of the
population. This dual focus not only enhances
the effectiveness of health interventions but
also promotes a more resilient health system
capable of addressing the evolving health
landscape in India.
