Volume 10, Issue 3, March – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25mar604

To Compare the Effectiveness of Jacobson’s

Relaxation Techniques and Mitchell’s Relaxation
Techniques along with Diaphragmatic Breathing
on Insomnia in Elderly Individuals
Vishnupriyanga.P1; Dr. Kumaresan A2*
1
Under Graduate Student, Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
2*
Professor, Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Corresponding Author: Dr. Kumaresan A2*

2*
Professor, Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, SIMATS, Chennai,Tamil Nadu. Pin code- 600128
Address: 22G8+5XC, Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu -602105

Zip code: 602105

ORCiD: 0000-0002-5424-5463

Publication Date: 2025/04/26

Abstract:

 Background of the Study:

The inability to get enough or quality sleep, along with trouble falling or staying asleep and frequent early morning
awakenings, is known as insomnia. The causes of insomnia include disrupted sleep cycles, bad sleeping habits, physical and mental
health conditions, pain, drug side effects, neurological issues, and stressful life events. Relaxation treatments, such as Jacobson's
progressive therapy and Mitchell's physiological approach, can reduce stress and calm the entire body. Jacobson's therapy involves
sequentially tightening and relaxing specific muscle groups, whereas Mitchell's method controls autonomic nerve activity via
reciprocal inhibition and diaphragmatic breathing.

 Method:
A Comparative study done with a total number of 70 subjects using convenient sampling technique with inclusion criteria age
above 50 years, patients having primary insomnia. Subjects who had sleep disorder other than insomnia should be excluded. The
sampling size of the study (n= 70) subjects for a period of 2 weeks.

 Result:
The results revealed significant improvement among Insomnia patient in the Elderly individuals. According to this study, the
p-value is less than 0.0001, which is statistically significant.

 Conclusion:
This study found that among elderly patients with insomnia, Jacobson's relaxation technique and diaphragmatic breathing
proved to be more beneficial than Mitchell's relaxation approach and diaphragmatic breathing.

Keywords: Insomnia, Relaxation Techniques, Insomnia Severity Index, Elderly People.

How to Cite: Vishnupriyanga.P; Dr. Kumaresan A*(2025) To Compare the Effectiveness of Jacobson’s Relaxation Techniques and
Mitchell’s Relaxation Techniques Along with Diaphragmatic Breathing on Insomnia in Elderly Individuals Interaction
International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 10(3), 3298-3306. https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25mar604

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I. INTRODUCTION insomnia among elderly individuals. As the global
demographic shifts towards an aging population,
In general, insomnia is defined as not feeling satisfied personalized and evidence-based interventions become
with the amount or quality of sleep. One or more of the paramount. By scrutinizing these techniques within a
following are often present in conjunction with this: trouble randomized controlled trial, we aspire to unveil insights that
getting asleep, trouble staying asleep, trouble falling back guide healthcare practitioners and individuals towards
asleep after awakenings, trouble falling asleep in the morning tailored, effective solutions for managing insomnia in the
and trouble sleeping again.1 The causes of insomnia include elderly.
disrupted sleep cycles, bad sleeping habits, physical and
mental health conditions, pain, drug side effects, neurological Anxiety, pain, and depression are common in older
issues, and stressful life events. 2 adults with insomnia symptoms. Thus, early therapies
targeting moderate sleep complaints may be able to postpone
Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder among elderly the onset of several morbidities in older persons, as well as
individuals, often associated with broad health outcomes and the clinical insomnia in the population most at risk. In order
reduced QOL. With the aging population on the rise, to help people, relaxation techniques are therapeutic
addressing effective interventions for insomnia becomes exercises that aim to reduce stress
imperative. The Jacobson Relaxation Technique, Mitchell's anxiety. People who use relaxationtechniques can better ma
Relaxation Technique, and diaphragmatic breathing have nage their daily stress as well asstress caused by a variety of
shown promise in promoting relaxation and alleviating medical conditions, such asheart disease and pain. 7
insomnia. Comparing how well these methods work to
improve sleep quality in senior citizens is the goal of this In the early 20th century, Dr. Edmund Jacobson
randomized controlled experiment (RCT). established the Jacobson Relaxation Technique, stands as a
foundational method in the realm of progressive muscle
Non-pharmacological approaches, particularly relaxation. This technique revolves around the premise that
relaxation techniques, have garnered attention as safer physical relaxation can positively impact mental well-being.
alternatives. Among these techniques, the Jacobson The Jacobson Relaxation Technique is widely employed as a
Relaxation Technique, Mitchell's Relaxation Technique, and stress management tool. By systematically releasing tension
diaphragmatic breathing have shown promise in promoting from different muscle groups, individuals can experience a
relaxation and improving sleep outcomes. This randomized profound sense of relaxation, helping to counteract the
controlled trial (RCT) seeks to address this gap by physiological and psychological effects of stress. Regular
systematically comparing the efficacy of Jacobson practice has been shown to reduce symptoms of anxiety by
Relaxation Technique, Mitchell's Relaxation Technique, and promoting a calmer physical and mental state. The heightened
diaphragmatic breathing in improving sleep quality and awareness of muscle tension allows individuals to intervene
related outcomes in the elderly population. at the early signs of anxiety, preventing its escalations.

At least occasionally, one-third of the general Mitchell's Relaxation Technique, developed by

population exhibits signs of sleeplessness. Insomnia is psychologist Dr. Roger Mitchell, represents a distinct
defined as difficulty sleeping or maintaining asleep after approach to achieving relaxation by combining elements of
getting up during the night or earlier than desired or guided imagery and autogenic training. In Mitchell's
necessary. These concerns are referred as difficulty in technique, guided imagery is employed to evoke mental
sleeping, difficulty falling asleep, and early morning images that facilitate relaxation and tranquility. Mitchell's
awaking.3 Sleep disruption is a frequent and distressing Relaxation Technique, with its incorporation of guided
problem in terminally ill patients. Restless nights can imagery and autogenic training, is particularly effective in
exacerbate symptoms such as pain, despair, or anxiety and reducing anxiety and stress. Mitchell's technique's ability to
have a negative effect on life satisfaction. Males were less induce a relaxed state makes it beneficial for improving sleep
likely than females to suffer from sleeplessness.4 This quality. Guided imagery promotes a mental environment
is supported by the literature, which also notes that being a conducive to sleep, while autogenic training contributes to
woman is thought to be a risk factor for the development of physiological relaxation, aiding those with sleep difficulties.
insomnia. For terminally sick patients, insomnia has multiple By fostering a positive mental state through guided imagery,
causes, and it is believed that a combination of psychological Mitchell's Relaxation Technique contributes to overall
and physical elements play a major role in its etiology. 5 emotional well-being. The technique has applications in
managing performance anxiety, such as public speaking or
Over 50% of elderly persons report trouble starting or athletic performances. The relaxation induced by the method
staying asleep. Insomnia is more common in the elderly than can help individuals cope with the physical and mental
in the younger population. In the elderly, the total incidence challenges associated with performance-related stress.
of insomnia symptoms ranges from 30% to
48%,whereas the prevalence of insomnia problem ranges Both the Jacobson Relaxation Technique and Mitchell's
from 12% to 20%. 6 Addressing this concern, our study delves Relaxation Technique, while distinct in their approaches,
into the comparative efficacy of three relaxation techniques— share a common goal of promoting relaxation and well-being.
Jacobson, Mitchell's, and diaphragmatic breathing—aiming The choice between them may depend on individual
to illuminate their unique contributions in alleviating

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ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25mar604
preferences, therapeutic goals, or the specific context in significant health concern among the elderly. By
which they are applied. systematically comparing the Jacobson Relaxation
Technique, Mitchell's Relaxation Technique, and
Jacobson's relaxation technique is aform of treatment t diaphragmatic breathing, the research aims to provide
hat involves sequentially tightening and releasing of specific actionable insights that contribute to the development of
muscle groups. Progressive relaxation therapy is another targeted and effective non-pharmacological interventions,
name for it. Focusing on certain places and tensing and then thereby advancing the overall well-being of the aging
relaxing them. 8 Mitchell's method of physiological population.
relaxation is based on reciprocal inhibition and incorporates
controlled isotonic contractions together with diaphragmatic II. METHODS:
breathing. 9 The aging population represents a demographic
shift with profound implications for healthcare systems Total of 70 participants were selected according to the
worldwide. Globally, there will be 2 billion people over the inclusion and exclusion criteria and the participants were
age of 60 by 2050, according to World Health Organization recruited from orphanage and they were explained about
predictions, highlighting the urgency of addressing health treatment safety and simplicity of theprocedure and written
concerns specific to this age group. Among these concerns, consent were filled and they were randomly allocated into
sleep disturbances, particularly insomnia, present a two groups.
considerable challenge. Insomnia prevalence increases with
age, affecting a substantial proportion of the elderly  Group A
population, and its consequences extend beyond mere sleep With 35 participants received Jacobson relaxation
deprivation, encompassing cognitive decline, compromised technique given for 15 mins ,2times a day for 2 weeks along
immune function, and an elevated risk of chronic diseases. with Diaphragmatic breathing.
Among these approaches, relaxation techniques have gained
attention for their potential to address the multifaceted nature  Group B
of insomnia by targeting both physiological and With 35 participants received Mitchell’s relaxation
psychological aspects of sleep disturbances. technique given for 15 mins, 2 a day for 2 weeks along with
Diaphragmatic breathing. All subjects completed a pre-test
Diaphragmatic breathing is characterized as breathing in measurement with the Insomnia Severity Index
deeply and slowly through the nostrils while moving the chest questionnaire, which was then repeated at the end of two
as little as possible with one hand on the chest and the other weeks.
on the abdomen. It helps to strengthen the diaphragm muscle
and relaxes the body, allowing people to fall asleep more III. INTERVENTION:
quickly. It influences the brain, cardiovascular, pulmonary,
and gastrointestinal systems via autonomic nerve function  Jacobson Relaxation Technique:
modulation.
 Step 1:
To assess the degree of insomnia throughout the day and Take a comfortable seat or lie down. There should
at night, the simple Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) was ideally be few outside distractions in the area.
developed. The various forms, degrees, and effects of
insomnia are assessed using the seven-item ISI self-report  Step 2:
questionnaire. A 5-point scale was used to gauge how Starting with the feet, tense the muscles there and curl
seriously the participant felt their insomnia the toes beneath. Hold for five seconds, then release gradually
problem had gotten during the previous two weeks, both over a ten-second period. As you let go, pay special attention
during the day and at night12. to how you feel relaxed and like tension is being released.

Despite the growing interest in non-pharmacological  Step 3:

interventions, there exists a notable gap in understanding the Squeeze the muscles in your lower legs. Give a gentle
relative effectiveness of specific relaxation techniques in the squeeze for ten seconds, then hold for five more. Observe
context of elderly insomnia. The Jacobson Relaxation closely how you feel when you let go of stress and how you
Technique, founded on progressive muscle relaxation, and feel relaxed.
Mitchell's Relaxation Technique, incorporating guided
imagery and autogenic training, represent distinct  Step 4:
approaches. Additionally, diaphragmatic breathing, Tighten the muscles in your hips and buttocks. Hold for
characterized by deep, controlled breathing, has shown five seconds, then release slowly for 10. As you release, pay
promise in promoting relaxation. This study, therefore, particular attention to how you feel relaxed and free of
undertakes a rigorous examination through a randomized tension.
controlled trial, aiming to contribute evidence that informs
healthcare practices, improves patient care, and ultimately  Step 5:
addresses the burgeoning health challenge of insomnia in the
Tighten your muscles in your chest and stomach. Five
aging population. In summary, this study is embedded in the seconds of holding, then 10 seconds of carefully releasing. As
broader narrative of global aging, recognizing insomnia as a

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you release, pay particular attention to how you feel relaxed  Instructions:
and free of tension.
 Step 1:
 Step 6: patients should lie on supine position and one pillow
Make sure your shoulder muscles are tight. After under the head and otherunder the knees.
holding for five seconds, then 10 seconds of carefully
releasing. As you release, pay particular attention to how you  Step 2:
feel relaxed and free of tension. SHOULDER - Make your neck longer by pulling your
shoulders "toward your feet" and away from your ears. Take
 Step 7: hold of Consider how much more room there is between your
Squeeze your eyelids tight and tense your face muscles. shoulders and your ears now that they are lower down.
After holding for five seconds, release carefully for 10 Unwind.
seconds.. Pay attention to how the tension is released and how
you are feeling relaxed during the release.  Step 3:
Elbows - With your arms supported, move them slightly
 Step 8: away from your sides to extend your elbow joints. This is
clench your hand's muscles into a fist. Five seconds of known as "elbows out and open." Take hold of Using the
holding, then 10 seconds of carefully releasing. As you tactile sense of your skin, feel where your elbows are and how
release, pay particular attention to how you feel relaxed and much pressure your arms are applying on them. unwind
free of tension.
 Step 4:
Hands - Stretch out your fingers and thumbs while
supporting your wrists with them "Fingers and Thumbs Long
and Supported." Take hold of Allow your thumbs and fingers
to return to their supporting position. unwind

 Step 5:
Hips - “Turn your hips outwards” - feel yourthighs and
legs roll outwards. Hold
Feel that your legs haverolled outwards. Relax

 Step 6:
Knees - Gently move and straighten your knees till you
are comfortable. Hold Feel the relaxation in your knees.
Relax

 Step 7:
Feet - Point your toes lightly and bend your ankles
downward to push your feet away from your face. Take hold
of with all of the lower leg muscles relaxed, notice how much
softer the ankle joints are in your feet. unwind

 Step 8:
Press your body gentlytowards the bed Hold
Feel the pressure ofthe body Relax

 Step 9:
Feel how your neck moves as you "press your head into
the pillow or chair." pause Feel your head's weight in the void
you've created. Unwind.

 Step 10:
Inhale deeply; when you exhale, feel your stomach
expand; then, exhale comfortably twice.

Fig 1 Jacobson Relaxation Technique  Step 11:

Jaw - "Drag your jaw down" means to loosen your teeth
 Mitchell's Relaxation Technique: inside your mouth and slowly lower it; do not open your
Antagonist group of muscles relax reciprocally and mouth. Relax by feeling the spaciousness.
equally to the contraction of agonistgroup of muscles.

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 Step 12:  Step 6: Mindful Awareness
Eyes- " Keep your eyes closed." Be mindful of the Maintain mindfulness of your breath, concentrating on
darkness while your eyes are closed. Relax. the rise and fall of your abdomen. If you notice chest
movement, redirect the breath to originate from the
diaphragm, optimizing the diaphragmatic breathing
experience.

 Step 7: Practice Regularly

Engage in diaphragmatic breathing for 5-10 minutes
initially, gradually extending the duration as comfort and
familiarity with the technique grow. Regular practice
enhances mastery and the integration of diaphragmatic
breathing into daily life.

This comprehensive guide unveils the intricate

procedures of the Jacobson Relaxation Technique, Mitchell's
Relaxation Technique, and Diaphragmatic Breathing. Each
method, with its distinct characteristics, contributes to the
evolving landscape of non-pharmacological interventions for
stress and sleep disorders. Regular practice, mindfulness, and
the integration of these techniques into daily routines
empower individuals to harness the profound benefits of
relaxation for both mind and body.

The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), a simple measure,

was developed to assess the severity of insomnia throughout
the day and at night. The various forms, severity levels, and
consequences of insomnia are assessed using the seven-item
ISI self-report questionnaire. Typically, the "last month" is
the recall period. The severity of sleep issues related to start,
maintenance, and early morning awakenings is evaluated, as
Fig 2 Mitchell’s Relaxation Technique is sleep dissatisfaction, how much sleep problems interfere
with daytime performance, how noticeable the sleep
 Diaphragmatic Breathing: problems are to others, and the anguish the problems
cause. The ISI is a seven-item, scored questionnaire. The
 Step 1: Posture participant's perception of how bad their insomnia had been
Adopt a comfortable seated or lying position with during the past two weeks—during the day and at night—was
proper posture—a straight back promotes effective measured using a 5-point Likert scale.
diaphragmatic breathing.
In many different therapeutic contexts, the ISI has been
 Step 2: Hand Placement widely utilized, including sleep clinics, mental health
Place one hand on your chest and the other on your facilities, and primary care, contributing to a standardized and
abdomen, just below the ribcage. This tactile feedback efficient means of assessing insomnia symptoms. Its
enhances awareness of breathing patterns. psychometric properties, including reliability and validity,
have been well-established, further solidifying its status as a
 Step 3: Inhalation key instrument in the evaluation of insomnia severity.
Inhale slowly and deeply through your nose. Direct the
breath downward, allowing your diaphragm to move and your IV. DATA ANALYSIS & RESULTS:
abdomen to expand. Focus on creating a full and controlled
inhalation. The data obtained is tabulated and analyzed. Mean and
Standard Deviation (SD) are the parameters used. The
 Step 4: Exhalation significant changes between pre-test and post-test values
Exhale slowly and completely through your mouth or were assessed using unpaired t- test through SPSS software.
nose. Feel your abdomen fall as you expel air, emphasizing a
steady and controlled release.  The Pre-test mean of Insomnia Severity Index Group A
(Jacobson relaxation technique along with diaphragmatic
 Step 5: Rhythm breathing) showed 13.83, the standard deviation 4.50
Establish a rhythmic breathing pattern, aiming for a whereas the Post-test mean value of Insomnia Severity
cycle of approximately 4 seconds for inhalation and 4 seconds Index Group A (Jacobson relaxation technique along with
for exhalation. Consistency in rhythm fosters a sense of calm diaphragmatic breathing) showed 5.89, the standard
and relaxation. deviation 3.49.

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 This showed statistically significant in p-value of less than appears to have a strong therapeutic impact, as evidenced by
0.0001 the statistically significant and persistent decreases in
 The Pre-test mean of Insomnia Severity Index Group B insomnia severity scores among participants. while the
(Mitchell’s relaxation technique along with Jacobson Relaxation Technique may emerge as a favorable
diaphragmatic breathing) showed 13.63, the standard option, it is essential for healthcare practitioners to consider
deviation 5.05 whereas the Post-test mean of Insomnia the unique needs and preferences of each individual.
Severity Index Group B (Mitchell’s relaxation technique
along with diaphragmatic breathing) showed 10.34, the  Rasha Alsayed Ahamed et.al. (2023)
standard deviation 4.81. Stated that there was a statistically significant
 This showed statistically significant in p-value of less than difference in pain scores based on age and education level.
0.0001. According to the researcher, this discovery can be related to
 Post intervention of Insomnia Severity Index Group A the fact that patients can realise the necessity of engaging in
who received (Jacobson relaxation technique along with health-promoting behaviors with education. He also stated
diaphragmatic breathing) for 2 weeks Mean (5.89), the that the outcome that there is a relationship between pain and
standard deviation (4.50) showed better results when the other study factors is logical since when the participant
compared to Group B who received (Mitchell’s relaxation experiences pain and finds it difficult to fall asleep, reducing
technique along with diaphragmatic breathing) for 2 their quality of sleep.
weeks Mean (10.34), the standard deviation (4.81).
 This showed statistically significant in p-value of less than  Vignesh Srinivasan et.al. (2023)
0.0001. Concluded that Both yoga and Jacobson's relaxation
approach were found to be effective in increasing sleep-in
V. DISCUSSION: nurse having insomnia, while yoga proved to be more
effective than Jacobson's relaxation approach. Anxiety
The objectives of this study are multifaceted, with the contributes to the pathophysiology of insomnia, according to
purpose of addressing critical factors connected to the a study that looked at a variety of physiologic arousal
comparative effectiveness of Jacobson relaxation technique indicators in insomniacs. Both the peripheral (autonomic) and
with diaphragmatic breathing, as well as Mitchell's relaxation central (cortical) nerve systems can be affected by
technique with diaphragmatic breathing on elderly peoples physiological conditions. Several theories contend that
who suffering from insomnia. anxiety during insomnia involves both mental as well as
psychological activities.
 Aida Jasour et.al. (2023)
Stated that the current study compared the effects of  Patel Margi et.al. (2020)
Benson’s technique and Mitchell's technique on the QOL of Concluded that Jacobson progressive relaxation
elderly nursing home residents. To date, no study comparable technique is effective to improve sleep quality among elders.
to the current one has been undertaken. The current study's The sleep quality was significantly improved with Jacobson
findings suggested that implementing MRT and BRT in the progressive relaxation technique among elderly.
intervention groups increased QOL. He stated that there is
limited evidence that relaxation techniques improve the QOL  Wedad Saber Shafek Abdelkhalek et.al. (2023)
of the elderly, and no comparative research has specifically Stated that Burn treatment, as well as its effect on
explored this population. It is advised that the effectiveness patients, increases their degree of anxiety and sleep
of relaxation therapy on quality of life be studied throughout disturbance prior to Jacobson's relaxation Method. The
time of 3 to 6 months. anxiety level was lowered and sleep quality increased
following the adoption of Jacobson's Relaxation Technique,
According to Amirova et al., the Mitchell relaxation demonstrating the technique's success and effectiveness
intervention was successful in lowering pain, exhaustion, and through before and post-Jacobson's Relaxation Technique
sleep issues while also improving QOL of the fibromyalgia intervention.
patients. Relaxation methods are used to release muscle
tension, which reduces physical pain, improves physical  Dyah G.R Kareri et.al.(2020)
performance and mental health, and so improves quality of Concluded that the PSQI questionnaire was used to
life. By stabilising the autonomic nervous system and assess sleep quality in the elderly and consisted of seven
managing one's emotions in tense and stressful situations, components: specific quality of sleep, sleep latency, Sleep
relaxation exercises increase an individual's perception of duration, sleep efficiency, sleep disruptions, sleeping pill use,
health. She also stated that Relaxation is the creation of a and activity disruption. The JPMR exercise improved
condition of general sleep, which is the inverse of tension, subjective sleep quality as well.
stress, and depression.
 Mitra Habibollahpur et.al. (2019)
 Olivia Reynolds et.al. (2019) According to the results of the present study, Benson's
Stated that the comparative effectiveness of relaxation relaxation method can raise the overall and some of
techniques on insomnia in elderly individuals, the outcomes the subscales measuring sleep quality (Individual factors:
of this study offer meaningful implications for both research sleep hygiene, insomnia latency, duration of sleep, habitual
and clinical practice. The Jacobson Relaxation Technique

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sleep efficiency, and dysfunction during the day) among older observed suggest that, in the context of this study, the
persons who reside in the community. Jacobson Relaxation Technique along with diaphragmatic
breathing emerges as a preferential option for addressing
 Dhawal Patel et.al. (2018) insomnia in the elderly.
Stated that Insomnia is particularly common among
older people. Clinicians can evaluate and treat insomnia in ACKNOWLEDGMENT:
our rapidly ageing population by using the history and
physical examination, as well as insomnia scales population. Heart full thanks to Dr. A. KUMARESAN, MPT
When compared to hypnotic drugs, behavioural and cognitive (NEURO)., D.Pharm., PhD (PROFESSOR) SCPT,
behavioural therapies provide very effective longer-term SIMATS in guiding and supporting me in completing my
treatment and are suggested as first-line treatment alternatives research work.
for insomnia in older persons.
Conflict of Interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest
Based on the collective findings from the mentioned to declare.
studies, the effectiveness of relaxation techniques,
particularly It is an important endeavor to use both Mitchell's Funding Sources: There is no funding source.
and Jacobson's relaxation techniques along
with diaphragmatic breathing on older patients. As our aging Disclaimers: None
population grapples with various health challenges, including
insomnia, non-pharmacological interventions gain Source(s) of support: None
prominence. Jacobson's method, rooted in systematic muscle
tension and release, Mitchell's technique incorporating Disclosure of relationships and activities: None
guided imagery, and diaphragmatic breathing offer diverse
approaches. Understanding their relative effectiveness in ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
mitigating insomnia can significantly impact the well-being
of older individuals. This study holds the promise of not only Heart full thanks to Dr. A. KUMARESAN, MPT
contributing to scientific knowledge but also offering (NEURO)., D.Pharm., PhD (PROFESSOR) Saveetha
practical insights for healthcare providers and individuals College of Physiotherapy, SIMATS in guiding and
seeking tailored strategies to enhance sleep quality in the supporting me in completing my research work.
elderly. By delving into these relaxation techniques, we aspire
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ILLUSTRATIONS:

Table 1 Comparison of Pre Test and Post Test Values of Insomnia Severity Index Group a Jacobson Relaxation Technique Along
with Diaphragmatic Breathing
NPRS MEANVALUE SD VALUE SEMVALUE T VALUE P VALUE
Pretest 13.83 4.50 0.76 5.0705 <0.0001
Post test 5.89 3.49 0.58

Graph 1 Comparison of Pre Test and Post Test Values of Insomnia Severity Indexgroup a Jacobson Relaxation Technique Along
with Diaphragmatic Breathing

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Volume 10, Issue 3, March – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25mar604

Table 2 Comparison of Pre-Test and Post- Test Values of Insomnia Severity Index Group B Mitchell’s Relaxation Technique
Along with Diaphragmatic Breathing
NPRS MEANVALUE SD VALUE SEMVALUE T VALUE P VALUE
Pretest 13.63 5.05 0.85 2.7869 <0.0001
Post test 10.34 4.81 0.81

Graph 2 Comparison of Pre-Test and Post-Test Values of Insomnia Severity Index Group B Mitchell’s Relaxation Technique
Along with Diaphragmatic Breathing

Table 3 Comparison of Post-Test Values of Group a and Group B for Insomnia Severity Index
NPRS MEANVALUE SD VALUE SEMVALUE T VALUE P VALUE
Pretest 10.34 4.81 0.81 4.4300 <0.0001
Post test 5.89 3.49 0.58

Graph 3 Comparison of Post-Test Values of Group a and Group B for Insomnia Severity Index

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