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Class Test 2020

The document outlines a class test for a Statistical Mechanics course, scheduled for December 2, 2020, with a total of 25 marks. It includes questions on a gas system in a micro-canonical ensemble and a system of non-interacting two-level atoms, requiring calculations of entropy, temperature, thermodynamic equations, and comparisons between microcanonical and canonical ensembles. Students are instructed to answer in their own words and are warned against similarities in responses.

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rakesh barman
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2 views

Class Test 2020

The document outlines a class test for a Statistical Mechanics course, scheduled for December 2, 2020, with a total of 25 marks. It includes questions on a gas system in a micro-canonical ensemble and a system of non-interacting two-level atoms, requiring calculations of entropy, temperature, thermodynamic equations, and comparisons between microcanonical and canonical ensembles. Students are instructed to answer in their own words and are warned against similarities in responses.

Uploaded by

rakesh barman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Statistical Mechanics Class Test – 02.12.

2020
Time – 11:30 to 1:30 including time required for scanning and emailing
Full marks – 25 email to: [email protected]
Answer to the point using your own words. Similarities in answers beyond certain
permissible limit will be penalized
1. Consider a gas system in micro-canonical ensemble, composed of 𝑁 relativistic,
non-interacting, distinguishable particles contained in a cubic box of linear size
𝐿. The energy-momentum relation of a single particle is 𝜀 = 𝑐|𝑝⃑|.
(a) Calculate the entropy of the gas as a function of total energy 𝐸 = ∑ 𝜀 .
(b) Calculate the temperature and the energy-temperature relation.
(c) Calculate the thermodynamic equation of state (relation between 𝑝, 𝑉 and 𝑇).
(d) Show that the ratio of the specific heats 𝐶 /𝐶 = 4⁄3 (and not 5/3 as in the
nonrelativistic case).
[Hint: A single particle quantum state is given by,
1 ´⃑ ∙ ⃑
𝜓 (𝑥⃑) = 𝑒
√𝐿
where 𝑘 = 2𝜋𝑛 ⁄𝐿 etc. and 𝜀 = 𝑐|p⃑| = 𝑐ℏ 𝑘 + 𝑘 + 𝑘 . Determine the no. of
states 𝛷(𝐸) with energy ≤ 𝐸 , differentiate 𝛷(𝐸) with respect to 𝐸 to obtain 𝛺(𝐸)
in the same way as we have done it for an ideal non-relativistic gas].
3×4
2. A system consists of 𝑁 non-interacting, distinguishable two-level atoms. Each
atom can be in one of two states with energies 𝐸 = 0 and 𝐸 = 𝜖.

(a) Microcanonical ensemble: The total internal energy 𝐸 = 𝑁 𝐸 + 𝑁 𝐸 is fixed.


(𝑁 is the number of atoms in state 𝐸 and 𝑁 is the number in state 𝐸 ).

(i) Calculate the entropy of the system as a function of 𝐸 . When is the


entropy minimal? When is it maximal?
(ii) Calculate the temperature as a function of energy and discuss its sign.
Calculate the specific heat.

(b) Canonical ensemble: The above system is in equilibrium with a heat bath at
temperature 𝑇.

(i) Find out the partition function and the Helmholtz free energy.
(ii) Calculate the internal energy, the entropy, and the heat capacity as
functions of temperature.

(c) Compare the results of the canonical and microcanonical ensembles and
show that both lead to the same thermodynamic relations.
(3 + 3) + (2 + 3) + 2

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