verbs

Preuniversitario Lengua Inglesa

Parts of
adverbs

Speech
nouns
 Parts of Speech
Understanding the different parts of speech is essential for building strong
sentences.
Word classes, also known as parts of speech, categorize words based on
their function in a sentence.
Two main types: Lexical or content words and Function or structural words.
 Lexical or content words
These are content words that carry meaning. They are the main carriers of
information in a text.
1. Nouns – Name people, places, things, or ideas. (e.g., book, London,
happiness)
2. Verbs – Express actions, states, or occurrences. (e.g., run, be, think)
3. Adjectives – Describe or modify nouns. (e.g., beautiful, fast, intelligent)
4. Adverbs – Modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. (e.g., quickly, very,
well)
 Function or structural words
These are structural words that provide grammatical relationships.
1. Auxiliary Verbs – Help the main verb express tense, mood, or voice. (e.g.,
is, have, can)
2. Prepositions – Show relationships in time, place, or direction. (e.g., in, on,
under)
3. Pronouns – Replace nouns. (e.g., he, it, ours)
4. Determiners – Specify which noun is being referred to. (e.g., the, some,
my)
5. Conjunctions – Link words, phrases, or clauses. (e.g., and, but, because)
6. Interjections – Express emotions or reactions. (e.g., wow, oh, ouch)
 A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea. Nouns
may be classified into countable (chair, desk, Peter

table, pen, book, etc.), uncountable (sugar, water,

money, information, advice, etc.), collective
(forest, constellation, army, choir, etc.), proper
nouns
(Martin, Stella, London, Argentina, etc.).
For example, in the sentence “The dog barked
loudly,” the word “dog” is a noun because it is a
CN.

A verb shows action or a state a being.

Him
Lexical verbs get different forms to show
tense, aspect and voice.

verbs For example, in the sentence “She ran

to the store,” the word “ran” is a verb
because it shows action.
 quickly

An adverb modifies a verb, adjective, or

another adverb.

In the sentence “The bird sang beautifully,“ the

adverbs word “beautifully” is an adverb describing how
the bird sang.

below An adjective modifies a noun or pronoun. It

describes or denotes the quality of people,
things or abstractions.

For example, in the sentence “The blue

adjectives sky is beautiful,” the word “blue”
describes the noun “sky.”
 Personal pronouns: Refer to the speaker, listener, or
others (he, she, they).
Demonstrative pronouns: Indicate proximity or
distance (this, that, these, those).
Reflexive pronouns: Refer back to the subject (himself,
pronouns
herself, themselves).
Reciprocal pronouns: Show mutual relationships (each
A pronoun replaces a noun. It fills the other, one another).
position of a noun or a whole noun Possessive pronouns: Replace a noun to indicate
phrase in a text. possession (his, hers, theirs).
Indefinite pronouns: Refer to nonspecific entities
For example, in the sentence “She loves to (some, everything, nothing).
read,” the word “she” is a personal pronoun
Relative pronouns: Introduce relative clauses (that,
that replaces a specific person’s name.
which, who).
Interrogative pronouns: Used in questions (who, what,
which, whose).
 There are two kinds of auxiliary verbs:
Primary auxiliaries (be, have, do); they have inflections like
lexical verbs, but are normally unstressed.
Modal auxiliaries (can, could, may, might, will, would, shall,
should, must); they are largely concerned with expressing
“modality,” such as possibility, probability, prohibition,
auxiliary necessity, prediction, expectation, etc.
verbs Auxiliary verbs are added to main verbs to help them build
verb phrases. They precede the main or lexical verb in a verb
phrase.
 Determiners are words that are used before a noun which
acts as head of the noun phrase.
Definite article ("the"): Refers to something known to
both speaker and listener.
The Indefinite article ("a/an"): Refers to any single
member of a group.
Demonstrative determiners ("this, that, such"):
determiners Indicate proximity or distance.
Possessive determiners ("my, your, his, her"): Show
ownership.
Quantifiers ("many, few, little, a lot of"): Indicate
quantity.
Numerals: Cardinals (how many: one, two) and
ordinals (order: first, second).
 Prepositions connect words to other
parts of a sentence and have a close Wow!

relationship with the word that follows,

which is usually a noun.
prepositions
In the sentence “The bug is under the table,”
the word “under” is the preposition showing
where the bug is in relation to the table.

An interjection is a word or Ouch!

phrase used to express emotion.

interjections For example, in the sentence “Wow! I

can’t believe I won the race,” the word
“wow” is an interjection because it
expresses sudden emotion.
 A conjunction connects words, phrases, or clauses. F or
Coordinating conjunctions: Link equal elements
(phrases/clauses). Examples: And (adds
A nd
information), But (shows contrast), Or (presents
alternatives), So (indicates consequence)
Subordinating conjunctions: Link a dependent
N or
clause to a main clause, making it reliant on the
main idea. They show the relationship between B ut
conjunctions
clauses (e.g., because, although, while).
O r
For example, in the sentence “I wanted ice
cream, but I had cake instead,” the word “but” is Y et
a conjunction connecting two clauses.
S o
verbs

Let’s Practice
Identify the parts of speech of each underlined word.

1. Oh, that is a surprise.

2. My uncle’s car is in the shop, so can your mom pick me up?
3. The campfire blazed brightly.
4. Theo left his history book on his desk.
5. A pretty dog was running through the park.
6. She bought a new jacket at the store.
adverbs
7. The volleyball team won their match.
8. My favorite place to visit is the bookstore.
9. The dog hid behind the girl.
10. Jill quickly swam to shore.