Section A: Basics of Microscopy

1. What is the primary function of a microscope?

A) Measure objects

B) View large samples

C) Examine objects not visible to the naked eye

D) Weigh microscopic organisms

2. Which of the following is not a task a microscope must accomplish?

A) Magnify the image

B) Freeze the image

C) Separate details in the image

D) Render image details visible

3. Microscopy is best defined as:

A) The study of cells

B) The science of using microscopes

C) A branch of pathology

D) The study of microorganisms

4. What does the word "microscope" originate from?

A) Latin

B) Hebrew

C) Greek

D) Arabic
Answer: C

5. The resolution of a microscope refers to:

A) The brightness of the image

B) The magnifying power

C) The ability to distinguish two close points

D) The number of lenses used

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Section B: Types of Microscopy

6. Which of the following uses a beam of electrons for imaging?

A) Light Microscopy

B) Fluorescence Microscopy

C) Electron Microscopy

D) Confocal Microscopy
Answer: C

7. Confocal Microscopy primarily uses:

A) X-rays

B) Lasers

C) Magnetic fields

D) Sound waves
Answer: B

8. Which technique uses fluorescent dyes to observe structures in cells?

B) Electron Microscopy

C) Fluorescence Microscopy

D) Phase Contrast Microscopy

9. What is the principle of Phase Contrast Microscopy?

A) Reflecting light

B) Electron deflection

C) Converting phase shifts into brightness changes

D) Magnetic alignment
Answer: C

10. Which type of microscopy is best for visualizing unstained living cells?

A) SEM

B) TEM

C) Phase Contrast

D) Polarized Light
Answer: C

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Section C: Specialized Microscopy

11. Which microscope uses polarized light for imaging?

A) Darkfield microscope

B) Brightfield microscope

C) Polarizing microscope
D) Phase contrast microscope
Answer: C

12. Which of the following is used in immunofluorescence?

A) Enzymes only

B) Dyes only

C) Antibodies labeled with fluorochromes

D) Blood samples
Answer: C

13. Fluorescence involves light re-emission at:

A) A shorter wavelength

B) A longer wavelength

C) The same wavelength

D) Zero wavelength
Answer: B

14. What is the function of a fluorochrome?

A) Measure DNA content

B) Stain nuclei

C) Emit fluorescence when excited

D) Fix tissues
Answer: C

15. A dark background with a bright sample is observed in:

A) Phase contrast

B) Brightfield

C) Darkfield
D) Fluorescence
Answer: C

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Section D: Electron & Probe Microscopy

16. Which microscope uses a beam of electrons to scan the surface of a specimen?

A) TEM

B) SEM

C) AFM

D) STM
Answer: B

17. What is the resolution of a typical Electron Microscope?

A) 0.2 µm

B) 0.02–0.002 nm

C) 2 nm

D) 10 µm
Answer: B

18. Which of the following gives a 3D view of the sample's surface?

A) TEM

B) SEM

C) Confocal

D) Brightfield
Answer: B
19. Probe Microscopy includes:

A) Brightfield and Darkfield

B) TEM and SEM

C) STM and AFM

D) Confocal and Fluorescence

20. In STM, the current maintained is known as:

A) Optical current

B) Tunneling current

C) Electron flow

D) Voltage stream
Answer: B

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Section E: Application & Limitations

21. Which is not an application of microscopy?

A) Studying cell structures

B) Diagnosing diseases

C) Treating diseases

D) Forensic analysis
Answer: C

22. Which field does not commonly use microscopy?

A) Metallurgy

B) Ceramics
C) Astronomy

D) Biology
Answer: C

23. Which is a limitation of light microscopy?

A) Excess magnification

B) Color distortion

C) Resolution limited by light wavelength

D) Digital noise
Answer: C

24. What improves resolution in Super-resolution microscopy?

A) X-ray exposure

B) STORM and STED techniques

C) High temperature

D) Enhanced lenses only

25. Multimodal microscopy aims to:

A) Use one technique at a time

B) Improve contrast only

C) Combine multiple imaging techniques

D) Eliminate the need for staining

26. When focusing a light microscope, which objective lens should be used first?

A) High power
B) Oil immersion

C) Lowest power

D) Any objective
Answer: C

27. When adjusting focus under higher power, you should:

A) Use coarse adjustment

B) Adjust the stage height

C) Use fine adjustment only

D) Restart with low power

28. Keeping both eyes open when viewing through a microscope helps prevent:

A) Blurry vision

B) Eye fatigue

C) Headache

D) Tears
Answer: B

29. Why should eyeglasses be removed during microscope use?

A) To see better

B) To avoid lens scratches

C) To focus more clearly

D) To align the eyes

30. If your eyelashes touch the ocular lens, it means:

B) You are not close enough

C) You are too close

D) You have short lashes

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Section G: Special Types of Microscopy

31. Inverted microscopes have the condenser:

A) Below the stage

B) Above the stage

C) Inside the eyepiece

D) Not included
Answer: B

32. Dissecting microscopes are best used for:

A) Internal cell imaging

B) Electron imaging

C) Studying fungi plates and insects

D) Viewing bacteria
Answer: C

33. Polarizing microscopy is helpful in detecting:

A) Bacteria
B) Viruses

C) Amyloid and urates

D) RBCs
Answer: C

34. Fluorescein and Rhodamine are examples of:

A) Electron dyes

B) Fluorochromes

C) Radioactive stains

D) Oil stains
Answer: B

35. What is autofluorescence?

A) Fluorescence seen after staining

B) Fluorescence from natural compounds

C) Fluorescence using X-ray

D) Fluorescence caused by bacteria

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Section H: Histology & Staining

36. What is the most routine histological stain?

A) PAS

B) Immunohistochemistry

C) H&E
D) Silver stain
Answer: C

37. Which technique is used to detect specific antigens in tissues?

A) PAS staining

B) Immunohistochemistry

C) Oil Red O staining

D) Gram staining
Answer: B

38. Which tissue is examined for striations?

A) Epithelial

B) Connective

C) Nervous

D) Muscle
Answer: D

39. Neoplastic lesions are assessed for:

A) Myelination

B) Collagen content

C) Grade and stage

D) Cell height
Answer: C

40. Degenerative changes are usually examined for:

B) Striations and nuclei

C) Type, severity, and distribution

D) Microbial colonies
Answer: C

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Section I: Advanced Microscopy Techniques

41. Which microscope magnifies over 100,000,000 times?

A) SEM

B) TEM

C) Light microscope

D) Probe microscope
Answer: D

42. AFM detects movement of the probe to create:

A) Light beams

B) Temperature changes

C) Surface image

D) Microbial colonies
Answer: C

43. STM works by:

A) Absorbing ultraviolet light

B) Using phase rings

D) Emitting magnetic fields

44. Cryo-electron microscopy is used for:

A) Viewing live cells in color

B) Viewing frozen biological samples

C) X-ray analysis

D) Viewing chemical reactions

45. STED microscopy helps:

A) Visualize atoms

B) Improve resolution

C) Stain nuclei

D) Cut tissue
Answer: B

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Section J: Review of Applications & Innovations

46. Which is a benefit of automated microscopy?

A) Higher staining quality

B) Improved efficiency and accuracy

C) Manual image analysis

D) Bigger microscope size

A) Drug administration

B) Fingerprint detection

C) Analyzing microscopic evidence like forgery

D) Identifying smell of substances

48. Quality control departments use microscopy to:

A) Design tools

B) Inspect products

C) Track employees

D) Label materials
Answer: B

49. Correlative Light and Electron Microscopy (CLEM) is:

A) A way of analyzing urine samples

B) A histopathological technique

C) A combination of light and electron microscopy

D) Only used in bacteria studies

50. One major limitation of microscopy is:

A) No need for electricity

B) Unlimited depth of field

D) High cost of glass slides