AS 2359.

7—1995
ISO 5053:1987

Australian Standard

Powered industrial trucks

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Part 7: Terminology

[ISO title: Powered industrial trucks—Terminology]

 This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee ME/26, Industrial Trucks. It was
approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 29 September 1994 and
published on 5 January 1995.

The following interests are represented on Committee ME/26:

Association of Employers of Waterside Labour

Australian Chamber of Commerce
Australian Industrial Truck Association
Department of Defence
Department of Occupational Health, Safety and Welfare, W.A.
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Metal Trades Industry Association of Australia

Occupational Health and Safety Authority, Vic.
Port of Melbourne Authority
WorkCover Authority of N.S.W.

Review of Australian Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Australian Standards are subject
to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editi ons as necessary. It is
important therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest edit ion, and any
amendments thereto.
Full detail s of all Australi an Standards and related publications wil l be found in the Standards Australia
Catalogue of Publications; this information is supplemented each month by the magazine ‘The Australi an
Standard’, which subscribing members receive, and which gives details of new publications, new editi ons
and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards.
Suggesti ons for improvements to Australian Standards, addressed to the head offi ce of Standards Australi a,
are welcomed. Noti fi cati on of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australi an Standard should be made
without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 94063.

 AS 2359.7—1995

Australian Standard

Powered industrial trucks

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Part 7: Terminology

First publi shed as AS B270—1968.

Revised and redesignated AS 2359.1—1980.
Second editi on 1985.
Revised and redesignated in part as AS 2359.7—1995.
Incorporating:
Amdt 1—1997

PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

(STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA)
1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140
ISBN 0 7262 9363 6
 ii

PREFACE

This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee on Industrial Trucks and is Part 7 in a series
of Standards dealing with the design, manufacture and operation of powered industrial trucks. It supersedes, in
part, AS 2359.1—1985, SAA Industrial Truck Code, Part 1: Design and manufacture.
Other Standards in this series are as follows:
Part 1: General
Part 2: Operation
Part 3: Counterbalanced fork-lift trucks—Stability tests
Part 4: Reach and straddle fork-lift trucks—Stability tests
Part 5: Control symbols
Part 6: Safety code
Part 8: Pallet stackers and high-lift platform trucks—Stability tests
Part 9: High-lift rider trucks—Overhead guards—Specification and testing
Part 10: Fork-lift trucks—Hook-on type fork arms—Vocabulary
Part 11: Fork-lift trucks—Hook-on type fork arms and fork carriers—Mounting dimensions
Part 12: Hazardous areas
This Standard is identical with and has been reproduced from ISO 5053:1987, Powered industrial
trucks—Terminology .
For the purpose of this Australian Standard, the ISO text should be modified as follows:
(a) Delete ‘restrainer’ from the title of Clause 7.3.3 and insert ‘back rest extension’.
(b) References to international Standards should be replaced by references, where appropriate, to the following
Australian Standards:
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Reference to International Standard Australian Standard

ISO AS
1084 Industrial tractors— —
Definition and nominal rating
2163 Industrial trucks—Wheels and castors— —
Vocabulary
2331 Fork lift trucks— 2359 Powered industrial trucks
Hook-on type fork arms—Vocabulary 2359.10 Part 10: Fork-lift trucks—
Hook-on type fork arms—Vocabulary
2710 Reciprocating internal combustion —
engines—Vocabulary

Under arrangements made between Standards Australia and the international Standards bodies, ISO and IEC, as
well as certain other Standards organizations, users of this Australian Standard are advised that the number of
this Standard is not reproduced on each page; its identity is shown only on the cover and title pages.
 iii

CONTENTS

Page

1 Scope and field of application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

3 Terms relating to industrial trucks by classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

4 Terms relating to components of industrial trucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

5 Terms relating to industrial truck data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

6 Terms relating to specific operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

7 Terms relating to safety features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Annex: Terms relating to industrial trailers and operating areas of industrial

trucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
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Alphabetical indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

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iv

NOTES
 1

AUSTRALIAN STANDARD

Powered industrial trucks

Part 7:
Terminology

1 Scope and field of application

This International Standard establishes the classifica-
tion and definitions of different powered industrial
trucks; terms and definitions of main components and
accessories are included.

Some terms are not defined, either because they are

self-evident or because they are also in general use
elsewhere.

Figures are added to clarify definitions where

appropriate. Figure 1
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The annex to this International Standard gives terms

and definitions relating to industrial trailers and to
operating areas where such trucks are expected to be
used.

2 References
ISO 1084, Industrial tractors — Definition and nominal
rating .

ISO 2163, Industrial trucks — Wheels and castors —

Vocabulary .
Figure 2
ISO 2331, Fork lift trucks — Hook-on type fork arms —
Vocabulary .

ISO 2710, Reciprocating internal combustion engines —

Vocabulary.

3 Terms relating to industrial trucks by

classification

3.1 Classification by mode of action

3.1.1 fixed height load-carrying truck (fixed

platform trucks) : Truck carrying its load on a non-
elevating platform.
Figure 3

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3.1.2 Towing and pushing tractor

3.1.2.1 towing tractor : Industrial truck, travelling on

the ground, fitted with coupling means and specially
designed to draw vehicles travelling on the ground.

Figure 6

Figure 4
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3.1.2.2 pushing tractor : Tractor fitted at the front end

with a buffer plate and which can also push vehicles
travelling on the ground or on railway tracks.

Figure 7

3.1.3.1.2 reach truck (with retractable mast or fork

arm carriage) : Stacking lift truck with outriggers where
Figure 5 the load can be repositioned by moving the mast or fork
arm carriage.

3.1.3 lift truck: Industrial truck which is capable of

loading, raising and transporting loads.

3.1.3.1 stacking high-lift truck: Truck fitted with a

platform, fork arms or other load-handling devices, able
to raise a load, either palletized or not, up to a
sufficient height to allow stacking and unstacking and
tiering and untiering.

3.1.3.1.1 counterbalanced lift truck: Stacking lift

truck fitted with fork arms (which can be replaced by
another device) on which the load, either palletized or
not, is put in a cantilever position in relation to the front
wheels and balanced by the mass of the truck. Figure 8

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3.1.3.1.5 platform truck: Stacking lift truck with a load
platform extending over the frame structure.

Figure 9
Figure 12
3.1.3.1.3 straddle truck : Stacking lift truck with
outriggers, fitted with a fork the arms of which are
located between the outriggers and where the load
centre of gravity is always within the stability polygon. 3.1.3.1.6 truck with elevatable operating position :
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Stacking lift truck, fitted with an operator’s platform

which can be raised with the load for tiering.

Figure 10

3.1.3.1.4 pallet-stacking truck: Stacking lift truck

where the fork arms extend over the frame structure.

Figure 13

3.1.3.1.7 side-loading truck (one side only): Lift

truck with mast structure or fork arm carriage which can
be extended and retracted between the axles and per-
pendicular to the longitudinal axis of the truck, allowing
it to pick up and raise a load in a counterbalanced
position in relation to one side of the truck and stack or
unstack alongside the truck.

Figure 11

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3.1.3.1.10 lateral and front stacking truck: High-lift
stacking truck capable of stacking and retrieving loads
ahead and on either or both sides of the direction of
travel.

Figure 14

3.1.3.1.8 rough terrain truck : Wheeled counter-

balanced trucks, intended primarily for operation on
unimproved natural terrain and on the disturbed terrain
of, for example, construction sites.
Figure 17
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3.1.3.1.11 stacking high-lift straddle carrier : Lift

truck where the frame and lift unit straddle the load to
raise, move and stack it.

Figure 15

3.1.3.1.9 lateral stacking truck (both sides): High-lift

stacking truck capable of stacking and retrieving loads
on both sides of the direction of travel.

Figure 18

3.1.3.2 non-stacking low-lift truck: Truck fitted with

a platform or fork arms and able to raise its load to a
height just sufficient to allow its transportation.

3.1.3.2.1 pallet truck: Pedestrian- or rider-controlled

Figure 16 non-stacking lift truck fitted with fork arms.

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3.1.3.3 order picking truck: Lift truck fitted with an
operator’s platform which can be raised with the
platform or fork arms, allowing the operator to load or
unload goods from racking to the load-carrying
attachment.

Figure 19

3.1.3.2.2 platform and stillage truck: Pedestrian- or

rider-controlled non-stacking lift truck fitted with a
load-carrying platform or structure.
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Figure 20

Figure 22
3.1.3.2.3 non-stacking low-lift straddle carrier : Lift
truck where the frame and lift unit straddle the load to
raise and move it.
3.2 Classification by power source

3.2.1 internal combustion truck

3.2.1.1 petrol (gasoline) truck

3.2.1.2 liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) truck

3.2.1.3 LPG/petrol (gasoline) truck

3.2.1.4 diesel truck

3.2.2 electric truck

3.2.2.1 storage battery truck

3.2.2.2 external source truck

Figure 21
3.2.3 internal combustion, electric truck

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3.3 Classification by type of wheel 4 Terms relating to components of

industrial trucks
3.3.1 wheels with pneumatic tyres

3.3.2 wheels with solid tyres for pneumatic tyre

rims

3.3.3 wheels with solid tyres

3.3.4 wheels with metal rims

3.4 Classification by mode of control

3.4.1 rider-control truck

3.4.1.1 sit-on truck

3.4.1.1.1 facing forward

3.4.1.1.2 other than direction of travel

3.4.1.2 stand-on truck

3.4.1.2.1 facing forward Figure 23

Components of industrial trucks
3.4.1.2.2 other than direction of travel
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Reference number
3.4.2 pedestrian-controlled truck 1)
➀ Chassis 4.1.1
3.4.3 driverless truck
➁ Counterweight 4.1.2
➂ Drive axle 4.2.1
3.5 Classification by height of lift ➃ Steer axle 4.2.2
3.5.1 non-lifting truck ➄ Mast 4.13.2.1
3.5.2 low-lift (non-stacking) truck ➅ Fork arm carriage 4.13.2.3.1

3.5.3 medium-lift (stacking and non-stacking) truck ➆ Fork arms 4.12.1

3.5.4 high-lift (stacking and non-stacking) truck ➇ Steering-wheel 4.10.1.1

➈ Overhead guard 7.3.2

3.6 Classification by mode of travel 4.1 Chassis and associated components

3.6.1 free travel 4.1.1 chassis: Main frame structure to which the
various units of the truck, i.e. engine, transmission,
3.6.1.1 uni-directional : Movement in either direction lifting gear, are fixed (see ➀ in figure 23).
on a line parallel with its longitudinal axis.
4.1.2 counterweight: mass fixed to the rear of the
3.6.1.2 bi-directional : Movement in either direction on chassis intended to counterbalance the load (see ➁ in
a line parallel with its longitudinal axis, or perpendicular figure 23).
to this axis.
4.1.3 ballast containers: Containers which, when
3.6.1.3 multi-directional : Movement in any direction filled with ballast, act as counterweights.
relative to its longitudinal axis.
4.1.4 auxiliary ballast weights: Additional masses
3.6.2 guided travel: Movement on a line defined by fixed to the chasis of the truck.
external means.
4.1.5 bodywork: Protective or styling panels fitted to
3.6.3 dual-purpose : Movement in any direction and the body.
optional guided travel.

1) Some trucks may have facilit ies for rider contr ol.

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4.1.6 operator’s position: Place for the operator and 4.4.1.1 drive wheels
the driving controls of the truck, and where appropriate,
load-handling operations. 4.4.1.2 steer wheels

4.1.7 stabilizers: Movable components, generally in 4.4.1.3 drive-steer wheels

pairs, for maintaining the stability of a truck during
stacking operations. 4.4.1.4 load wheels

4.2 Axles 4.4.1.5 stabilizer wheels: Auxiliary wheels or

castors, usually in pairs, solidly or resiliently mounted
4.2.1 drive axle (see ➂ in figure 23). to the chassis of an industrial truck, to assist in
maintaining stability.
4.2.2 steer axle (see ➃ in figure 23).
4.4.1.6 guide wheels
4.2.3 drive-steer axle
4.4.2 arrangement of wheels
4.2.4 load axle
4.4.2.1 number of wheels at any mounting
4.3 driving and steering unit: Driving unit pivoting
on the vertical axis, fitted with a single or dual wheel, 4.4.2.1.1 single (1) wheel
used for driving and steering the truck.
4.4.2.1.2 twin (2) wheels
4.4 Wheels1)
4.4.2.1.3 multiple (> 2) wheels
4.4.1 function of wheels
4.4.2.2 Mounting of wheels
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1) See ISO 2163.

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4.4.2.2.1 cantilever wheels 4.7.2 mechanical transmission : System in which the
torque from the power unit is transmitted by direct
4.4.2.2.2 fork wheels means, i.e. gear, chain or belt with or without a clutch.

4.4.3 Construction of wheels 4.7.3 electrical transmission : System in which the

torque from the power unit is transmitted by means of
4.4.3.1 wheel made from only one material an electric generator and one (or several) motor(s).
(monobloc, for example metal, plastics, rubber)

4.4.3.2 bonded tyre wheel 4.8 Electrical equipment

4.4.3.3 pressed-on tyre wheel 4.8.1 Electric trucks

4.4.3.4 split rim for removable solid tyres, flat base 4.8.1.1 traction battery

4.8.1 2 charging set (built-in or not)

4.4.3.5 split rim for removable solid tyres, conical
base 4.8.1.3 control devices (controllers, contactors,
resistances, electronic control systems)
4.4.3.6 wheels for pneumatic tyres and solid tyres 4.8.2 Engine-powered trucks
for pneumatic tyre rims
4.8.2.1 starter battery
4.4.4 Suspension mountings
4.8.2.2 charging equipment (dynamo, alternator,
4.4.4.1 articulated wheels etc.)
4.4.4.2 spring-loaded wheels
4.8.2.3 starter motor
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4.4.4.3 bogie wheels

4.8.3 Ancillary electrical equipment (for all types of
trucks)
4.4.4.4 tandem wheels
4.8.3.1 lighting
4.5 Other means of support
4.8.3.1.1 driving lights

4.6 Power units 4.8.3.1.2 working lights

4.6.1 electric motor 4.8.3.2 Instruments

4.6.2 internal combustion engine 1) 4.8.3.2.1 recording (ampere-hour meter, time

recorder, etc.)
4.6.2.1 petrol (gasoline) engine
4.8.3.2.2 indicating (fuel, temperature, battery
4.6.2.2 liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) engine discharge, etc.)

4.6.2.3 LPG/petrol (gasoline) engine 4.8.3.3 accessories (connectors, wires, etc.)

4.6.2.4 diesel engine

4.9 Fuel supply system for IC engine
4.6.3 dual-fuel engine
4.9.1 supply system for petrol (gasoline)

4.7 Transmission systems 4.9.2 supply system for liquefied petroleum gas
(LPG)
4.7.1 hydraulic transmission
4.9.2.1 removable container
4.7.1.1 hydrodynamic transmission : System in 4.9.2.2 fixed container with filling valve
which the torque from the power unit is transmitted by
a hydraulic impeller and turbine. 4.9.2.3 pressure reducer
4.7.1.2 hydrostatic transmission : System in which 4.9.2.4 gas-air mixer (vaporizer)
the torque from the power unit is transmitted by means
of positive displacement hydraulic pump(s) and one (or 4.9.2.5 valves
several) motor(s).

1) See ISO 2710.

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4.9.2.6 safety-valves 4.11.2.6 power reversal

4.9.2.7 piping 4.11.3 Types of control

4.9.3 supply system for diesel 4.11.3.1 mechanical (unassisted) control

4.11.3.2 power-assisted control

4.10 Steering system
4.11.3.3 fully powered control
4.10.1 Control elements
4.12 Load-bearing attachments
4.10.1.1 wheel (See 8 in figure 23)
4.12.1 fork arms (See 7 in figure 23)
4.10.1.2 lever
4.12.1.1 hook-mounted fork arms 1)
4.10.1.3 tiller
4.12.1.2 shaft-mounted fork arms
4.10.1.4 oscillating platform
4.12.1.3 bolted fork arms
4.10.2 Types of system
4.12.1.4 special (rotating, folding, etc.) fork arms
4.10.2.1 mechanical system
4.12.1.5 extension for the fork arms
4.10.2.2 hydraulic system
4.12.2 load platform
4.10.2.3 pneumatic system
4.12.2.1 fixed load platform
4.10.2.4 electric system
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4.12.2.2 elevating load platform

4.10.2.5 composite system
4.12.2.3 tipping load platform
4.10.3 Types of control
4.12.3 Other attachments
4.10.3.1 manual control
4.12.3.1 Types of attachments
4.10.3.2 power-assisted control
4.12.3.1.1 attachment fixed with respect to the fork
4.10.3.3 fully assisted control carriage (crane arm, boom, etc) or with respect to
the chassis (container, tank, etc.)
4.11 Braking system
4.12.3.1.2 load-bearing attachment or part,
4.11.1 Types of brakes movable with respect to the fork carriage (fork
truck) or with respect to the chassis (other trucks)
4.11.1.1 service brake
4.12.3.1.2.1 mechanical attachment (drop bottom
4.11.1.2 parking (or immobilizing) brake container, scoop, etc.)
4.11.1.3 emergency brake 4.12.3.1.2.2 hydraulic attachment (clamp, side shift,
rotating head, etc.)
4.11.2 Types of system
4.12.3.1.2.3 pneumatic attachment (vacuum, etc.)
4.11.2.1 mechanical system
4.12.3.1.2.4 electric attachment (electro-magnet,
4.11.2.2 hydraulic system etc.)
4.11.2.3 electric system 4.12.3.2 Modes of action of equipment
4.11.2.4 pneumatic system 4.12.3.2.1 simple clamping device for engaging the
load (for example stabilizer, squeeze clamp attach-
4.11.2.5 composite (or power-assisted) system ment)

1) See ISO 2331.

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4.12.3.2.2 simple equipment for engaging and
imparting movement to the load (for example side-
shift, push-pull, rotating head)

4.12.3.2.3 multiple equipment (rotating clamp, etc.)

4.13 Components associated with movement

of the load (excluding travel)

4.13.1 Common components

Figure 24
4.13.1.1 motor or engine (see 4.6)

4.13.1.2 hydraulic components (pump, control valve, 4.13.2.2.2 telescopic system : Lifting mechanism with
piping and accessories) a longitudinal telescopic and elevating arm, usually
activated by hydraulic jacks, to orientate the load
carrier.
4.13.2 Lifting assembly

4.13.2.1 mast: Fixed upright in which the load carriage

or one of several moving uprights slide. (See 5 in
figure 23.)
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4.13.2.1.1 non-telescopic (simple) mast: Mast

composed only of a single pair of uprights.

4.13.2.1.2 telescopic mast: Mast composed of a fixed

pair of uprights, and one (or more) moving uprights.

4.13.2.1.2.1 double mast (simple telescopic) : Mast

composed of one fixed and one moving upright.

4.13.2.1.2.2 triple mast: Mast composed of one fixed Figure 25

upright and two moving uprights.
4.13.2.2.3 control jacks
4.13.2.1.2.3 quadruple mast: Mast composed of one
fixed upright and three moving uprights.
4.13.2.3 Other components

4.13.2.1.3 lifting jack: One or more lifting jacks 4.13.2.3.1 fork arm carriage : Component sliding on
(hydraulic cylinders) lifting either through chains or
the fixed upright in the case of a non-telescopic mast or
cables, or directly on the load carriage (or load
on the last moving upright in the case of a telescopic
platform) on the moving uprights.
mast, and bearing the load-carrying means. (See 6 in
figure 23.)
4.13.2.1.3.1 simple lifting jack: Jack with single ram
used for the elevation of the load. 4.13.2.3.2 fork arm (or other attachments) (see
4.12.1)
4.13.2.1.3.2 compound lifting jack: Jack with more
than one ram arranged concentrically, which are raised 4.13.2.3.3 tilting system
one after the other.

4.13.2.3.4 reach system

4.13.2.1.4 lifting chain (or cable)

4.13.3 Other lifting systems (for example cranes on

4.13.2.2 articulated arms fixed height load-carrying trucks)

4.13.2.2.1 linkage system : Lifting mechanism with 4.13.3.1 screw lifting system
longitudinal articulating arms, usually actuated by
hydraulic jacks, to orientate the load carrier. 4.13.3.2 winch lifting system

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5 Terms relating to industrial truck data 5.12.1.3 height of overhead guard or over cab (See
7 in figure 26.)
5.1 service mass: Mass of a complete truck with its
accessories and attachments, and ready for use, i.e. 5.12.2 length without fork arms (See 16 in
full fuel tank for internal combustion engine trucks, figure 26.)
traction battery for electric storage battery trucks, the
truck being unladen and without driver. 5.12.3 width (See 8 in figure 26.)

5.2 shipping mass: Mass of the truck with its 5.13 free lift height : Maximum height of the fork
accessories and attachments, but with no source of
without extending the telescopic mast above the fixed
energy on the truck, i.e. without fuel or traction battery,
the truck being unladen and without driver. mast. (See 4 in figure 26.)

NOTE — The words “wit hout fuel” should be understood as 5.14 maximum lift height at rated load
follows:

a) for petrol, diesel or LPG trucks with a fixed container: 2

with empty container; 5.15 overall maximum lift height (See in
figure 26.)
b) for LPG tr ucks wit h a semi- fi xed container: wit h
empty container;
5.16 Overhang
c) for LPG tr ucks with a removable container: without
container.
5.16.1 front overhang (See 13 in figure 26.)

5.3 mass of the traction battery unit: Mass of the

battery unit, i.e. battery, container and ballast, if any. 5.16.2 rear overhang (See 15 in figure 26.)
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5.16.3 lateral overhang

5.4 load per axle (front, rear) of the truck in
working order, unladen 5.17 ground clearance under mast (See 5 in
figure 26.)
5.5 load per axle (front, rear) of the truck in
working order, with its rated load 5.18 ground clearance at centre of wheel-base
(See 6 in figure 26.)
5.6 load per wheel (front, rear) of the truck in
working order, unladen 5.19 ramp angle (See 18 in figure 26.)

5.7 load per wheel (front, rear) of the truck in

working order, with its rated load 5.20 minimum outside turning radius (See 23 in
figure 26.)

5.8 Track
5.21 width of theoretical minimum intersecting
5.8.1 front (See 10 in figure 26.) aisle (with and without load) (See 24 in figure 26.)

5.8.2 rear (See 11 in figure 26.) 5.22 width of theoretical minimum aisle for right-
angle stacking (with and without load) (for a given
pallet) (See 25 in figure 26.)
5.9 wheel-base (See 14 in figure 26.)

5.23 draw-bar pull 1)

5.10 rated capacity and load diagram
5.24 Maximum negotiable gradient
5.11 load centre distance (See 12 in figure 26.)
5.24.1 laden

5.12 Overall dimensions 5.24.2 unladen

5.12.1 Heights 5.25 Maximum tilt of the mast or fork carriage

5.12.1.1 height, mast retracted (See 3 in figure 26.) 5.25.1 maximum tilt forward (See 20 in figure 26.)

5.12.1.2 height, mast extended (See 1 in figure 26.) 5.25.2 maximum tilt backward (See 21 in figure 26.)

1) See ISO 1084.

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11

Figure 26

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Truck data and dimensions

Reference number

1 Overall maximum height 5.12.1.2

2 Maximum lift height 5.15

3 Height, mast closed 5.12.1.1

4 Free lift height 5.13

5 Ground clearance under mast 5.17

6 Ground clearance at centre of 5.18

wheel-base

7 Height over cab or of overhead 5.12.1.3

guard

8 Width 5.12.3

9 Outside spread of fork arms —

10 Track, front 5.8.1

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11 Track, rear 5.8.2

12 Load centre distance 5.11

13 Overhang, front 5.16.1

14 Wheel-base 5.9

15 Overhang, rear 5.16.2

16 Length without fork arms 5.12.2

17 Approach angle —

18 Ramp angle 5.19

19 Departure angle —

20 Forward tilt 5.25.1

21 Backward tilt 5.25.2

22 Minimum inside turning radius —

23 Minimum outside turning radius 5.20

24 Width of theoretical minimum 5.21

intersecting aisle

25 Width of theoretical minimum 5.22

aisle for right-angle stacking (for
a given pallet)

Figure 26 ( concluded )

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5.26 maximum travel speed on the level (with and 6.9 towing
without load)
6.10 Coupling — uncoupling
5.27 stopping distance
6.10.1 coupling
5.28 maximum lift speed (with and without load) 6.10.2 uncoupling

5.29 maximum lowering speed (with and without 6.11 rotating (attachments)
load)

6.12 pivoting (mast or attachments) : Rotation of the

entire lifting assembly or of a single load-carrying unit
6 Terms relating to specific operations about a vertical axis, to allow lateral changes to be
made from the frontal position or vice versa.
6.1 Engaging and disengaging the load
6.13 load push — load pull
6.1.1 engaging and raising the load
6.14 side-shifting
6.1.2 lowering and disengaging the load
6.15 spreading the fork arms
6.2 Lifting and lowering the load
6.16 rotating (fork arms)
6.2.1 lifting the load
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6.2.2 lowering the load 6.17 clamping — unclamping

6.3 Stacking — unstacking 6.18 load stabilization

6.3.1 stacking : Handling consisting of lifting a load, 6.19 scooping — emptying

and placing it on a stack composed of similar loads.

6.3.2 unstacking : Removing a load from the topmost 6.20 lowering stabilizers — raising stabilizers (for
position in a stack and lowering. side-loading fork trucks)

6.4 Tiering — untiering 6.21 tipping

6.4.1 tiering : Handling consisting of lifting a load and 6.22 order picking
placing it on a rack or shelf in a storage system.

6.4.2 untiering : Handling consisting of lifting a load 7 Terms relating to safety features
from a rack or shelf and lowering.

7.1 stability : Ability of a truck, either loaded or

6.5 Tilting the mast (or fork arms) unloaded, to resist overturning as a result of static or
dynamic forces arising in service.
6.5.1 forward tilt
7.1.1 static stability : Resistance to overturning of a
6.5.2 backward tilt stationary truck.

7.1.1.1 longitudinal static stability : Resistance to

6.6 Extension or retraction of the mast or fork overturning forward or backward.
arms
7.1.1.2 lateral static stability : Resistance to
6.6.1 forward extension or retraction overturning to right or left.

6.6.2 lateral extension or retraction 7.1.2 dynamic stability : Resistance to overturning of

a moving truck under the action of forces developed
6.7 travelling when travelling and/or handling the load.
6.8 inching : Small movements of a truck, to enable a 7.1.2.1 longitudinal dynamic stability : Resistance to
load to be positioned precisely during a handling overturning of a moving truck either forwards or
operation, e.g. in stacking. backwards.

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7.1.2.2 lateral dynamic stability : Resistance to 7.3.15 anti-collision device (remote-controlled
overturning to right or left of a moving truck. trucks): Safety device located ahead of a remote
control truck, activated mechanically, optically,
magnetically or by other means, which cuts off the
7.2 brakes supply current to the traction motor whilst applying the
brakes.

7.3 Safety equipment

7.3.16 operator restraining device : Means of
ensuring the safety of an operator on an order-picking
7.3.1 guards for driving position : Complete or truck; it may consist of safety rails to contain the
partial guards bordering the driving position, especially operator within an enclosed area or alternatively it may
at extreme points with the object of protecting the driver be a harness attached to the truck framework by a
frontally and/or laterally against contact with fixed short length of rope or chain.
obstacles or other vehicles.

7.3.17 warning lights (flashing beacon, rotating

7.3.2 overhead guard : Superstructure fixed on the flasher, etc.)
truck above the head of the driver, to protect him from
objects falling from the load or the stack on which loads
are being handled, or from adjacent stacks. (See 9 in
figure 23.)

7.3.3 load restrainer : Vertical screen usually mounted

on the fork arm carrier to prevent any part of the load
transported or handled from falling towards the
operator.
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7.3.4 spark-guard (internal combustion engine)

7.3.5 exhaust gas cooler

7.3.6 exhaust gas purifier (for example catalyser)

7.3.7 explosion-proof equipment

7.3.8 load indicator

7.3.9 horn

7.3.10 safety lock : Sw itch to immobilize the truck,

operated by a key or other means which is removed by
the driver when leaving the truck unattended.

7.3.11 safety switch (seat or pedal) : Switch to cut off

the power to a traction motor (sometimes also applying
the brake), as soon as the operator ceases to exert
pressure on the part actuating the switch; this may be
a seat or pedal on a driver-operated truck, or the tiller
of a pedestrian-controlled truck.

7.3.12 safety reverser : Device located at the end of

the tiller of a pedestrian-controlled truck, to reverse the
direction of motion when it strikes or approaches the
operator (or an obstacle).

7.3.13 rear-view mirror

7.3.14 electrical overload switch

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Annex A.2.2.5.1.2 signal : Visual or auditive warning of the

existence of an obstacle or hazard on the travel path.

Terms relating to industrial trailers A.2.2.5.2 barrier : Physical impediment to the passage
and operating areas of industrial of trucks or personnel.
trucks
A.2.2.5.2.1 permanent barrier : Barrier which is
(This annex forms an integral part of the Standard.) structurally secure in position.

A.2.2.5.2.1.1 fixed barrier : Permanent barrier which

NOTE — Some terms are not defi ned, either because
does not incorporate a means of passage.
they are self- evident or because they are also in general
use elsewhere.
A.2.2.5.2.1.2 opening barrier : Permanent barrier
which incorporates a means of passage such as gate
or elevating section.
A.1 Industrial trailers
A.2.2.5.2.2 portable barrier : Temporary free-standing
A.1.1 industrial trailer : Load-bearing wheeled vehicle barrier.
designed to be towed on the ground by an industrial
tractor or truck.
A.2.2.6 Doors
A.1.2 non-self-loading trailer: Trailer designed only
for carrying, and having no loading system. A.2.2.6.1 manually operated doors
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A.1.3 self-loading trailer: Industrial trailer equipped

with a device allowing loading and unloading without A.2.2.6.2 power operated doors: Doors operated by
the intervention of any lifting or handling equipment. means of electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic power.

A.2.2.6.2.1 manual control doors: Power operated

doors responding to manual operation of a control.
A.2 Operating areas of industrial trucks
A.2.2.6.2.2 automatic control doors : Power operated
A.2.1 working area: Area where the truck performs doors responding to the proximity of a truck.
loading, unloading, stacking, unstacking, tiering (in
racks), untiering and associated operations.
A.2.2.6.3 flexible doors : Doors constructed of a
material allowing opening or deformation by a
A.2.1.1 handling at ground level traversing truck.

A.2.1.2 handling above ground level A.2.2.6.3.1 hinged doors: Flexible doors suspended
on hinges.
A.2.2 Travel paths
A.2.2.6.3.2 suspended strip doors : Flexible doors
constructed of strips of flexible material suspended
A.2.2.1 tracks from the upper beam (or lintel).

A.2.2.2 aisles A.2.2.7 bridge plate and dockboard : Rigid movable

bearing plate ensuring continuity of a travel path
A.2.2.3 ramps between two operating areas (e.g. between a platform
and vehicle) or allowing passage over an obstacle.

A.2.2.4 Dimensions

A.2.2.4.1 minimum free width

A.2.2.4.2 minimum free height

A.2.2.5 Limits of travel paths

A.2.2.5.1 Marking and signals

A.2.2.5.1.1 marking

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Alphabetical index

A electr ic system (of control elements) . . . . . . . . 4.10.2.4

electr ic tr uck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.2
electr ic tr ucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8.1
accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ..... .. ... 4.8.3.3 electr ical overload swit ch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.14
aisles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. .. . A.2.2.2 electr ical tr ansmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7.3
ancillary electr ical equipment ... ..... .. ... 4.8.3 elevating load platf orm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12.2.2
anti-collision device . . . . . . . . .. ..... .. ... 7.3.15 emergency brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.11.1.3
articulated arms . . . . . . . . . . ... ..... .. ... 4.13.2.2 engaging and raising the load . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.1
articulated wheels . . . . . . . . . ... ... .. .. ... 4.4.4.1 engine-powered tr ucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8.2
automatic control doors . . . . . .. . ..... .. ... A.2.2.6.2.2 exhaust gas cooler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.5
auxiliary ballast weights . . . . ... . .. .. .. ... 4.1.4 exhaust gas puri fi er . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.6
explosion-proof equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.7
extension for the fork arms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12.1.5
B external source tr uck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.2.2

backward tilt (of the mast or fork arms) . . . . .. 6.5.2

ballast containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4.1.3 F
barr ier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. A.2.2.5.2
bi-dir ectional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3.6.1.2
bodywork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4.1.5 facing forward (sit -on truck) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4.1.1.1
bogie wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4.4.4.3 facing forward (stand-on truck) . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4.1.2.1
bolted or welded fork arms . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4.12.1.3 fixed barri er . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.2.2.5.2.1.1
bonded tyre wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4.4.3.2 fi xed container with fi lling valve . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9.2.2
brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7.2 fi xed height load-carrying truck (f ixed
bridge plate and dockboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. A.2.2.7 platform tr ucks) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.1
fixed load platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12.2.1
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fl exible doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.2.2.6.3

fork arm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13.2.3.2
C fork arm carr iage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13.2.3.1
fork arms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12.1
cantilever wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4.4.2.2.1 fork wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4.2.2.2
charging equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4.8.2.2 forward extension or retr acti on (of the mast
charging set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4.8.1.2 or fork arms) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6.1
chassis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4.1.1 forward tilt (of the mast or fork arms) . . . . . . . . 6.5.1
clamping — unclamping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6.17 fr ee lift height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.13
composite system (of contr ol elements) . . . . .. 4.10.2.5 fr ee tr avel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6.1
composite (or power- assisted) system (of fr ont overhang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.16.1
braking system) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4.11.2.5 fr ont (tr ack) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8.1
compound lifting jack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4.13.2.1.3.2 fully assisted contr ol (of contr ol elements) . . . . 4.10.3.3
control devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4.8.1.3 fully powered control (of braking system) . . . . . 4.11.3.3
control elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4.10.1
control jacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4.13.2.2.3
counterbalanced lift truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3.1.3.1.1 G
counterweight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4.1.2
coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6.10.1
gas-air mixer (vapori zer) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9.2.4
gasoline (see petr ol)
D ground clearance at centr e of wheel-base . .. . 5.18
ground clearance under mast . . . . . . . . . . .. . 5.17
guards for driving posit ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 7.3.1
diesel engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . .. . 4.6.2.4
diesel truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . .. . 3.2.1.4 guide wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 4.4.1.6
doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . .. . A.2.2.6 guided tr avel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 3.6.2
double mast (simple telescopic) . ...... . .. . 4.13.2.1.2.1
draw-bar pull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . .. . 5.23
drive axle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . .. . 4.2.1
drive wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . .. . 4.4.1.1 H
driverless truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. . .. . 3.4.3
drive-steer axle . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . .. . 4.2.3
drive-steer wheels . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . .. . 4.4.1.3 handling above ground level . . . . . . . . . . . .. . A.2.1.2
driving and steeri ng unit . . . . . . . . .. ... . .. . 4.3 handling at ground level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . A.2.1.1
driving lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . .. . 4.8.3.1.1 height of overhead guard or over cab . . . . .. . 5.12.1.3
dual-f uel engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . .. . 4.6.3 heights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 5.12.1
dual-purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . .. . 3.6.3 height, mast extended . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 5.12.1.2
dynamic stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... . . .. . 7.1.2 height, mast retr acted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 5.12.1.1
high-l if t (stacking and non-stacking) truck . .. . 3.5.4
hinged doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . A.2.2.6.3.1
hook-mounted fork arms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 4.12.1.1
E horn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 7.3.9
hydraulic components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 4.13.1.2
electr ic motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6.1 hydraulic system (of braking system) . . . . . .. . 4.11.2.2
electr ic system (of braking system) . . . . . . . . . 4.11.2.3 hydraulic system (of contr ol elements) . . . . .. . 4.10.2.2

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hydraulic transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7.1 mechanical control (of braking system) . . . . . . 4.11.3.1
hydrodynamic transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7.1.1 mechanical system (of braking system) . . . . . . 4.11.2.1
hydrostatic transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7.1.2 mechanical system (of control elements) . . . . . 4.10.2.1
mechanical tr ansmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7.2
medium-l if t (stacking and non-stacking) tr uck . . 3.5.3
I minimum free height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.2.2.4.2
minimum free width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.2.2.4.1
minimum outside turning radius . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.20
modes of acti on of equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12.3.2
inching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. . .. 6.8 motor or engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13.1.1
indicating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. . .. 4.8.3.2.2 mult iple wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4.2.1.3
industri al trailer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. . .. A.1.1 mult i- directional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6.1.3
internal combustion engine . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. 4.6.2
internal combustion truck . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. 3.2.1
internal combustion, electr ic truck . . ... .. . .. 3.2.3
N

L non-lift ing tr uck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 3.5.1

non-self -l oading tr ailer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . A.1.2
non-stacking (low-lift ) str addle carri er . . . . .. . 3.1.3.2.3
laden (maximum negoti able gradient) . . . . . . . 5.24.1 non-stacking (low-lift ) truck . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 3.1.3.2
lateral and front stacking tr uck . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.3.1.10 non-telescopic (simple) mast . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 4.13.2.1.1
lateral dynamic stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1.2.2
lateral extension or retr acti on (of the mast
or fork arms) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6.6.2 O
lateral overhang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5.16.3
lateral stacking tr uck (both sides) . . . . . . . . .. 3.1.3.1.9
lateral static stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7.1.1.2 opening barr ier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.2.2.5.2.1.2
length without fork arms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5.12.2 operator restraining device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.16
lever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4.10.1.2 operator’s positi on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.6
lift tr uck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3.1.3 order picking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.22
order picking truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.3.3
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lift ing chain (or cable) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4.13.2.1.4

lift ing jack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4.13.2.1.3 oscillating platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.10.1.4
lift ing the load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6.2.1 other than dir ecti on of tr avel (sit- on tr uck) . . . . 3.4.1.1.2
lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4.8.3.1 other than dir ecti on of tr avel (stand-on truck) . . 3.4.1.2.2
limits of travel paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. A.2.2.5 overall maximum lift height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.15
linkage system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4.13.2.2.1 overhead guard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.2
liquefied petr oleum gas (LPG) engine . . . . . .. 4.6.2.2
liquefied petr oleum gas (LPG) truck . . . . . . . . . 3.2.1.2
load axle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4.2.4 P
load centr e distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5.11
load indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7.3.8 pallet-stacking truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.3.1.4
load per axle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5.4 and 5.5 pallet tr uck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.3.2.1
load per wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5.6 and 5.7 parking (or immobilizing) brake . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.11.1.2
load platf orm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4.12.2 pedestri an-contr olled tr uck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4.2
load push — load pull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6.13 permanent barri er . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.2.2.5.2.1
load restr ainer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7.3.3 petr ol (gasoline) engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6.2.1
load stabilizati on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6.18 petr ol (gasoline) tr uck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.1.1
load wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4.4.1.4 piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9.2.7
longitudinal dynamic stability . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7.1.2.1 pivoti ng (mast or attachments) . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.12
longitudinal static stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7.1.1.1 platform and sti llage truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.3.2.2
loweri ng and disengaging the load . . . . . . . . .. 6.1.2 platform tr uck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.3.1.5
loweri ng stabilizers — raising stabilizers . . . .. 6.20 pneumati c system (of braking system) . . . . . . . 4.11.2.4
loweri ng the load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6.2.2 pneumati c system (of control elements) . . . . . . 4.10.2.3
low-lift (non-stacking) truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3.5.2 port able barr ier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.2.2.5.2.2
LPG/petr ol (gasoline) engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6.2.3 power- assisted control (of braking system) . . . 4.11.3.2
LPG/petr ol (gasoline) truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3.2.1.3 power- assisted control (of contr ol elements) . . 4.10.3.2
power operated doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.2.2.6.2
power reversal (of braking system) . . . . . . . . . 4.11.2.6
pressed-on tyre wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4.4.3
M pressure reducer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9.2.3
pushing tractor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.2.2
manual contr ol doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.2.2.6.2.1
manual contr ol (of control elements) . . . . . . . . 4.10.3.1
manually operated doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.2.2.6.1 Q
marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.2.2.5.1.1
mass of the traction battery unit . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 quadruple mast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13.2.1.2.3
mast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13.2.1
maximum lift height at rated load . . . . . . . . . . . 5.14
maximum lift speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.28
maximum loweri ng speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.29 R
maximum negotiable gradient . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.24
maximum tilt backward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.25.2 ramp angle . . .............. . . . . . . . . .. . 5.19
maximum tilt forward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.25.1 ramps . . . . . . .. .. ... . .. . .. . . . . . . . . .. . A.2.2.3
maximum tilt of the mast or load carri age . . . . . 5.25 rated capacity and load diagram . . . . . . . . .. . 5.10
maximum tr avel speed on the level . . . . . . . . . 5.26 reach system . .. . .. .. .. ... . . . . . . . . . .. . 4.13.2.3.4

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reach tr uck (with retr actable mast or fork arm T
carr iage) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3.1.3.1.2
rear overhang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5.16.2
rear (t rack) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5.8.2 tandem wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .. 4.4.4.4
rear-view mir ror . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7.3.13 telescopic mast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .. 4.13.2.1.2
recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4.8.3.2.1 telescopic system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .. 4.13.2.2.2
removable container . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4.9.2.1 tiering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .. 6.4.1
ri der- control tr uck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3.4.1 tiller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .. 4.10.1.3
rotati ng (attachments) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6.11 tilt ing system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .. 4.13.2.3.3
rotati ng (fork arms) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6.16 tipping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .. 6.21
rough terrain truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3.1.3.1.8 ti pping load platf orm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .. 4.12.2.3
towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .. 6.9
towing tr actor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .. 3.1.2.1
tr acks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . .. A.2.2.1
S tr action battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .. 4.8.1.1
tr avel paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .. A.2.2
safety equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 tr avelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .. 6.7
safety lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.10 tr iple mast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .. 4.13.2.1.2.2
safety reverser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.12 tr uck wit h elevatable operati ng positi on .... .. 3.1.3.1.6
safety switch (seat or pedal) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.11 twin wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .. 4.4.2.1.2
safety-valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9.2.6 types of attachment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .. 4.12.3.1
scooping — emptying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.19
screw lift ing system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13.3.1
self-l oading tr ailer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.1.3 U
service brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.11.1.1
service mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1
shaft- mounted fork arms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12.1.2 uncoupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.10.2
shipping mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 uni- directional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6.1.1
side-shift ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.14 unladen (maximum negoti able gradient) . . . . . . 5.24.2
side-l oading truck (one side only) . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.3.1.7 unstacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3.2
signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.2.2.5.1.2 untiering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4.2
simple lift ing jack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13.2.1.3.1
Accessed by EDITH COWAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on 06 May 2016 (Document currency not guaranteed when printed)

single wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4.2.1.1

sit- on tr uck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4.1.1
spark-guard (i nternal combusti on engine) . . . . 7.3.4 V
special fork arms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12.1.4
split ri m for removable solid tyres, conical valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9.2.5
base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4.3.5
split ri m for removable solid tyres, fl at base . . . 4.4.3.4
spreading the fork arms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.15
spri ng-l oaded wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4.4.2 W
stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1
stabilizer wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4.1.5
stabilizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.7 warning lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.17
stacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3.1 wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.10.1.1
stacking high-lift truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.3.1 wheel- base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9
stacking (high-l ift) str addle carr ier . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.3.1.11 wheel made from only one materi al . . . . . . . . . 4.4.3.1
stand-on tr uck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4.1.2 wheels for pneumati c tyres and solid tyres
starter battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8.2.1 for pneumatic tyre rims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4.3.6
starter motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8.2.3 wheels with metal ri ms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.4
static stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1.1 wheels with pneumati c tyres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.1
steer wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4.1.2 wheels with solid tyres for pneumatic tyre
steer (axle) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.2 ri ms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.2
stopping distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.27 wheels with solid tyres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.3
storage battery tr uck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.2.1 width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.12.3
straddle truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.3.1.3 width of theoreti cal minimum aisle for right-
supply system for diesel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9.3 angle stacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.22
supply system for liquefi ed petroleum width of theoreti cal minimum intersecting aisle . 5.21
gas (LPG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9.2 winch lift ing system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13.3.2
supply system for petrol (gasoline) . . . . . . . . . 4.9.1 working area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.2.1
suspended str ip doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.2.2.6.3.2 working lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8.3.1.2

COPYRIGHT
Accessed by EDITH COWAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on 06 May 2016 (Document currency not guaranteed when printed)

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