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Diabetes mellitus
(Definition,
Classification, Clinical
features)
Apr 18, 2014 • Download as PPTX, PDF
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Diabetes mellitus (Definition,

Classification, Clinical features)
1. DIABETES MELLITUS Definition, Classification, Risk
factors & Clinical Features MARYAM JAMILAH BINTI ABDUL
HAMID 082013100002 IMS BANGALORE
2. LEARNING OUTCOME • Definition • Classification • Risk
factors • Clinical features
3. DEFINITION Metabolic diseases characterized by
hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion,
insulin action, or both
5. CLASSIFICATION DIABETES MELLITUS Type 1 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes Other specific types of diabetes Gestational
diabetes mellitus (GDM)
6. TYPE 1 DIABETES • Also known as Juvenile Onset Diabetes
• Complete or near-total insulin deficiency • Occurs <14 years
old of age • Underweight patient
7. • Genetic factor – Uncommon – Develop antibodies against
β–cells of islet • Develop ketosis; if untreated • Insulin
secretion Low/absent due to –cell pathology (autoimmune
disease) • Sensitive to insulin
8. Type 1 diabetes (continuation)
9. • Most common • >40 years of age • Normal or overweight •
Genetic factor – Strongly positive TYPE 2 DIABETES
10. • Ketosis with infection (o!en absent) • Insulin secretion
Initially normal or but later β-cells are usually normal but
disturbance is *less active insulin production *less cellular
response to insulin due to deficiency of GLUT 4 in insulin
sensitive cells *presence of antibodies against insulin • Insulin
resistant
12. Genetic defects of β cell function characterized by
mutation Genetic defects in insulin action Disease of
exocrine pancreas Endocrinopathies Drug-or chemical-
induced Infections Uncommon forms of immune-mediated
diabetes Other genetic syndromes associated with diabetes
OTHER SPECIFIC TYPES OF DIABETES
13. • In pregnancy (glucose intolerance) • Insulin resistance –
metabolic changes of late pregnancy • Most women revert to
normal glucose tolerance post-partum but have substantial
risk (30-60%) of developing diabetes mellitus later in life
GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS (GDM)
14. RISK FACTORS Predisposing factors Hereditary Age
(increasing age) Obesity BMI Adipose tissues in obese
people are more resistant to insulin
15. Lifestyle high fat and cholesterol levels Smoking
Sedentary lifestyle
16. CLINICAL FEATURES • Hyperglycemia • Glycosuria •
Polyuria • Polydipsia • Polyphagia • Dehydration • Loss of
weight • Poor resistance to infections due to protein depletion
17. REFERENCES • AK JAIN, Volume II, 3rd edition • Harrison’s
Internal Medicine, Volume II, 17th edition •
http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/27/s uppl_1/s5.full

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