CLUSTER UNIVERSITY SRINAGAR
SYLLABUS (FYUP UNDERNEP 2020)
Offered by Department of Mathematics
Semester 6th (Major Course-CT2)
Course Title: Differential Equations
Course Code: UGMTH22J602 Max. Marks:150
Credits: 6 (Theory: 4, Internal: 2) Theory External:100; Min Marks: 40
Contact Hrs: 90 (Theory:60, Internal:30) Theory Internal (Continuous Assessment):50 Marks,Min.20
Course Objectives: To develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental concepts of differential equations
and to familiarize the students with various methods of solving differential equations.
Course Outcomes: After completion of this course the students shall be able to handle and solve differential equations
using various analytic methods.
UNIT 1: (15 Hrs)
Review of first order non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODE): Solvable for 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑝, Clairaut’s form.
Envelope of one-parameter family of curves, Singular solution: 𝑝-discriminant, 𝑐- discriminant, node, cusp and tac-
locus.
UNIT2: (15 Hrs)
Method of variation of parameters for solving linear differential equations of the form 𝑦′ + 𝑃(𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑄(𝑥) and 𝑦′′ + 𝑃(𝑥)𝑦′
+ 𝑄(𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑅(𝑥). Solution in series: trial solution, indicial equation, solution of second order differential equations based
on the behaviour of the roots of the indicial equation.
UNIT 3: (15 Hrs)
Simultaneous differential equations 𝑑𝑥/𝑃 = 𝑑𝑦/𝑄 = 𝑑𝑧/𝑅, use of multipliers, differential equations of the form 𝑃𝑑𝑥
+ 𝑄𝑑𝑦 + 𝑅𝑑𝑧 = 0, Geometrical interpretations of 𝑃𝑑𝑥 + 𝑄𝑑𝑦 + 𝑅𝑑𝑧 = 0, condition necessary for 𝑃𝑑𝑥 + 𝑄𝑑𝑦 + 𝑅𝑑𝑧
= 0 to be integrable.
System of linear differential equations: Two equations in two unknown functions, operator method for linear
system with constant coefficients, homogeneous linear system, linearly independent solutions, Wronskian,
Homogeneous linear systems with constant coefficients, characteristic equation
UNIT 4: (15 Hrs)
Partial differential equation (PDE), formation of PDE by elimination of arbitrary constant and arbitrary functions,
Lagrange’s linear PDE, first order non-linear PDE, Standard forms: Only 𝑝 and 𝑞 are present, only
𝑝, 𝑞 and 𝑧 are present, 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑝) = 𝑞(𝑦, 𝑞) and Clairaut’s form. Charpit’s methods for the solution of linear and non-linear
PDE.
TUTORIALS- (2 Credits, 60 Hrs.)
Teacher-selected problems from the following exercises from the recommended textbook:
Exercises on page (Recommended textbook 1) (ODE) 64, 70, 76, 90, 111, 114, 116, 136,
138, 139, 140. (PDE) 50, 51, 148, 153, 154, 155, 165.
Exercises on page (Recommended textbook 2) 309
Recommended textbooks:
1. Differential Equations by HTH Piaggio, CBS Publishers & Distributors
2. Differential Equations by Shepley L. Ross, Third Edition, Wiley India
Suggested Readings:
1. Differential equations with Applications and Historical Notes by George F. Simmons, CRC Press, 3rd edition (2023)
2. Partial Differential equations: An Introduction by Walter A. Strauss, John Wiley & Sons
