ROOM DATABASE

*Lab 1:
Creating a Android application for CRUD operations on a Course (Int id, String name,
and String description), using Room database.

Solution:
To create a Kotlin Android application that performs CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete)
operations on a Course entity using SQLiteOpenHelper, you'll follow these steps:
1. Set up your Android project and Add Room Dependencies
2. Create the Course Entity
3. Create the DAO (Data Access Object)

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 4. Set Up the Room Database
5. Adapter and RecyclerView Setup
6. Create CRUD Operations in MainActivity

Step 1: Set up your Android project

- File > New > New project > Empty Views Activity > Click Next
- Enter Project name, location, language (kotlin), min SDK, Groovy DSL > Click Finish
- Add Room Dependencies: build.gradle (module app)

apply plugin: 'kotlin-kapt'

dependencies {
// Room
implementation "androidx.room:room-runtime:2.6.1"
kapt "androidx.room:room-compiler:2.6.1" // Use kapt for
annotation processing
}

Step 2: Create the Course Entity

Right click on Package folder > New > Kotlin Class > Data Class: Course

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import androidx.room.Entity
import androidx.room.PrimaryKey

@Entity(tableName = "course_table")
data class Course(
@PrimaryKey(autoGenerate = true) val id: Int = 0,
val name: String,
val description: String
)

Step 3: Create the DAO (Data Access Object)

Right click on Package folder > New > Kotlin Class > Interface: CourseDao

import androidx.room.*

@Dao
interface CourseDao {
@Insert
fun insertCourse(course: Course)

@Update
fun updateCourse(course: Course)

@Delete
fun deleteCourse(course: Course)

@Query("SELECT * FROM course_table")

fun getAllCourses(): List<Course>
}

Step 4: Set Up the Room Database

Right click on Package folder > New > Kotlin Class > Class: AppDatabase

import androidx.room.Database
import androidx.room.Room
import androidx.room.RoomDatabase

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import android.content.Context

@Database(entities = [Course::class], version = 1, exportSchema =

false)
abstract class AppDatabase : RoomDatabase() {

abstract fun courseDao(): CourseDao

companion object {
@Volatile
private var INSTANCE: AppDatabase? = null

fun getDatabase(context: Context): AppDatabase {

val tempInstance = INSTANCE
if (tempInstance != null) {
return tempInstance
}
synchronized(this) {
val instance = Room.databaseBuilder(
context.applicationContext,
AppDatabase::class.java,
"course_database"
).build()
INSTANCE = instance
return instance
}
}
}
}

Step 5: Create a layout for RecyclerView Item

Right click on res/layout > New > Layout resources file > Name: item_course

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<androidx.cardview.widget.CardView
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
android:padding="16dp">

<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"

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android:orientation="horizontal"
android:gravity="center_vertical">

<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:orientation="vertical">

<TextView
android:id="@+id/textViewCourseName"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textStyle="bold"
android:textSize="18sp"/>

<TextView
android:id="@+id/textViewCourseDescription"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textSize="14sp"
android:layout_marginTop="4dp"
android:textColor="@android:color/darker_gray"/>
</LinearLayout>

<!-- Buttons Container -->

<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:layout_gravity="end">

<Button
android:id="@+id/buttonUpdate"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Update"
android:textColor="@android:color/white" />

<Button
android:id="@+id/buttonDelete"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Delete"
android:textColor="@android:color/white"
android:layout_marginStart="8dp" />
</LinearLayout>

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 </LinearLayout>

</androidx.cardview.widget.CardView>

Step 6: Create Adapter class for RecyclerView

Right click on Package folder > New > Kotlin Class > Class: CourseAdapter

import android.view.LayoutInflater
import android.view.View
import android.view.ViewGroup
import android.widget.Button
import android.widget.TextView
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView

class CourseAdapter(
var courses: MutableList<Course>, // Make 'courses' accessible
private val editClickListener: (Course) -> Unit,
private val deleteClickListener: (Course) -> Unit
) : RecyclerView.Adapter<CourseAdapter.CourseViewHolder>() {

inner class CourseViewHolder(itemView: View) :

RecyclerView.ViewHolder(itemView) {
private val courseName: TextView =
itemView.findViewById(R.id.textViewCourseName)
private val courseDescription: TextView =
itemView.findViewById(R.id.textViewCourseDescription)
private val buttonEdit: Button =
itemView.findViewById(R.id.buttonUpdate)
private val buttonDelete: Button =
itemView.findViewById(R.id.buttonDelete)

fun bind(course: Course, editClickListener: (Course) ->

Unit, deleteClickListener: (Course) -> Unit) {
courseName.text = course.name
courseDescription.text = course.description
buttonEdit.setOnClickListener {
editClickListener(course) }
buttonDelete.setOnClickListener {
deleteClickListener(course) }
}
}

init {
// Enable stable IDs
setHasStableIds(true)

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 }

override fun onCreateViewHolder(parent: ViewGroup, viewType:

Int): CourseViewHolder {
val view =
LayoutInflater.from(parent.context).inflate(R.layout.item_course,
parent, false)
return CourseViewHolder(view)
}

override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: CourseViewHolder,

position: Int) {
val course = courses[position]
holder.bind(course, editClickListener, deleteClickListener)
}

override fun getItemCount(): Int {

return courses.size
}

override fun getItemId(position: Int): Long {

// Return the unique ID of the course as the stable ID
return courses[position].id.toLong()
}

fun updateCourses(newCourses: List<Course>) {

courses.clear()
courses.addAll(newCourses)
notifyDataSetChanged()
}
}

Step7: MainActivity:
- Activity_Main.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:id="@+id/main"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context=".MainActivity">

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 <EditText
android:id="@+id/editTextCourseName"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="Course Name"/>

<EditText
android:id="@+id/editTextCourseDescription"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="Course Description"/>

<Button
android:id="@+id/buttonAddCourse"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:text="Add Course"/>

<androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
android:id="@+id/recyclerViewCourses"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="16dp"/>
</LinearLayout>
- MainActivity.kt
import android.os.Bundle
import android.widget.Button
import android.widget.EditText
import android.widget.Toast
import androidx.activity.enableEdgeToEdge
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import androidx.core.view.ViewCompat
import androidx.core.view.WindowInsetsCompat
import androidx.lifecycle.lifecycleScope
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

private lateinit var editTextCourseName: EditText

private lateinit var editTextCourseDescription: EditText
private lateinit var buttonAddCourse: Button

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 private lateinit var recyclerViewCourses: RecyclerView
private lateinit var courseAdapter: CourseAdapter
private lateinit var database: AppDatabase
private var selectedCourse: Course? = null
private var selectedPosition: Int = -1 // Keep track of
selected position for update

override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
enableEdgeToEdge()
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)

ViewCompat.setOnApplyWindowInsetsListener(findViewById(R.id.main)
) { v, insets ->
val systemBars =
insets.getInsets(WindowInsetsCompat.Type.systemBars())
v.setPadding(systemBars.left, systemBars.top,
systemBars.right, systemBars.bottom)
insets
}

// Initialize views
editTextCourseName =
findViewById(R.id.editTextCourseName)
editTextCourseDescription =
findViewById(R.id.editTextCourseDescription)
buttonAddCourse = findViewById(R.id.buttonAddCourse)
recyclerViewCourses =
findViewById(R.id.recyclerViewCourses)

// Initialize database
database = AppDatabase.getDatabase(this)

// Initialize RecyclerView
recyclerViewCourses.layoutManager =
LinearLayoutManager(this)
courseAdapter = CourseAdapter(mutableListOf(), { course -
> editCourse(course) }, { course -> deleteCourse(course) })
recyclerViewCourses.adapter = courseAdapter

// Load existing courses

loadCourses()

// Add or update course on button click

buttonAddCourse.setOnClickListener {
val name = editTextCourseName.text.toString().trim()
val description =

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editTextCourseDescription.text.toString().trim()

if (name.isEmpty() || description.isEmpty()) {
Toast.makeText(this, "Please enter both name and
description", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
return@setOnClickListener
}

lifecycleScope.launch(Dispatchers.IO) {
if (selectedCourse == null) {
// Insert new course
val course = Course(name = name, description
= description)
database.courseDao().insertCourse(course)
} else {
// Update existing course
val updatedCourse = Course(id =
selectedCourse!!.id, name = name, description = description)

database.courseDao().updateCourse(updatedCourse)

// Notify adapter about the change at the

specific position
withContext(Dispatchers.Main) {
selectedCourse = null
buttonAddCourse.text = "Add Course"

courseAdapter.notifyItemChanged(selectedPosition)
}
}
loadCourses()
}
clearInputFields()
}
}

private fun loadCourses() {

lifecycleScope.launch(Dispatchers.IO) {
val courses = database.courseDao().getAllCourses()
withContext(Dispatchers.Main) {
courseAdapter.updateCourses(courses)
}
}
}

private fun clearInputFields() {

editTextCourseName.text.clear()

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 editTextCourseDescription.text.clear()
}

private fun editCourse(course: Course) {

selectedCourse = course
selectedPosition = courseAdapter.courses.indexOf(course)
// Save the current position
editTextCourseName.setText(course.name)
editTextCourseDescription.setText(course.description)
buttonAddCourse.text = "Update Course"
}

private fun deleteCourse(course: Course) {

lifecycleScope.launch(Dispatchers.IO) {
database.courseDao().deleteCourse(course)
loadCourses()
}
}
}

* Lab 2: Create a Bus Schedule application by Room DB and Jetpack

Compose

https://developer.android.com/codelabs/basic-android-kotlin-compose-
practice-bus-schedule-
app?hl=vi&continue=https%3A%2F%2F2.zoppoz.workers.dev%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fdeveloper.android.com%2Fcourse
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https%3A%2F%2F2.zoppoz.workers.dev%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fdeveloper.android.com%2Fcodelabs%2Fbasic-android-
kotlin-compose-practice-bus-schedule-app#0

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