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Editors
Nilanjan Dey Vishal Bhatnagar
Department of Information Technology Department of Computer Science
Techno India College of Technology and Engineering
Kolkata, West Bengal Ambedkar Institute of Advanced
India Communication Technologies
and Research
Rosalina Babo New Delhi
Department of Information Systems, India
ISCAP
Porto Polytechnic Med Salim Bouhlel
Porto Research Lab Sciences and Technologies
Portugal of Image and Telecommunication
Sfax University
Amira S. Ashour Sfax
Department of Electronics and Electrical Tunisia
Communications Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering
Tanta University
Tanta
Egypt

ISBN 978-3-319-90058-2 ISBN 978-3-319-90059-9 (eBook)

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90059-9
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018942160

© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018

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Preface

Social network analysis is a process of quantitative and qualitative analysis of vast

amount of data using different analytical techniques. It measures and maps the flow
of relationships and relationship changes between knowledge-possessing entities.
Online social networks are rapidly changing our lives. Their growing perva-
siveness and the trust that we develop in online identities provide us with a new
platform for security applications. Additionally, the integration of various sensors
and mobile devices on social networks has shortened the separation between one’s
physical and virtual (i.e., Web) presences. We envisage that social networks will
serve as the portal between the physical world and the digital world. However,
challenges arise when using social networks in security applications; for example,
how can one prove to a friend (or Friend) that your Facebook page belongs to you
and not a man in the middle? Once you have proved this, how can you use it to
create a secure channel between any device belonging to you and one belonging to
your friend?
The book is a collection of the eight chapters which are written by eminent
professors, researchers, and Industry people from different countries. The chapters
were initially peer-reviewed by the editorial board members, reviewers, and
industry people who themselves span over many countries. The whole book is
divided into three parts, namely Part I Social Network Design and Implementation:
An Overview, Part II Social Network Application: An Introduction, and Part III
Social Network Security and Challenges.
Chapter 1 by Md. Lizur Rahman, Md. Golam Sarowar, and Md. Sarwar
Kamal revolves around the sentiment classification. Nowadays social networks
generate a huge data from user’s view, emotions, thoughts, opinions, suggestions
regarding different products, events, places, brands, politics, etc. Those data play an
important role in different ways. Technically, in the interval of every 60 s in a social
network like Facebook, lots of comments and statuses are updated which are
associated with thousands of contexts. However, realization of different ways in
which texts are seems to be appeared on Facebook can help us to improve our
products. In general, different organizations such as text organization used senti-
mental analysis for successful classification. They transpired feelings, emotions in

v
vi Preface

different forms like positive, negative, friendly, and unfriendly. To solve this
problem, authors have concentrated on different techniques of deep learning. In this
paper, authors highlighted few deep learning implementation techniques known as
convolutional neural network and recursive neural network with classification of
different texts.
Chapter 2 by Nabanita Das, Surekha Borra, Nilanjan Dey, and Samarjeet
Borah enlightened that movie recommendation systems are a common practice by
most of the online stores today. The Web-based movie recommendation systems
make predictions about the responses of the users based on their search history or
known preferences. Recommendation of items is usually done based on the prop-
erties or content of the item or collaboration of the user’s ratings, and by using
intelligent algorithms that include classification or clustering techniques. Accurate
prediction of what the customer may likely to busy or the user my visit is of utmost
important, as it benefits both the service providers and customers. This chapter
provides the evolution, fundamental concepts, classification, traditional and novel
models, requirements, similarity measures, evaluation approaches, issues, chal-
lenges, impacts due to social networking, and future of movie recommendation
systems.
Chapter 3 by Sapna Sinha, Vishal Bhatnagar, and Abhay Bansal analyzed
that data available on Twitter can be in form of text, photographs, customer pref-
erences can be identified using Twitter analytics which can help service providers to
offer personalized services. If tour operator is able to predict trends, they can easily
set optimized price and prepare well in advance to provide unforgettable trip to their
customers. Tour operators adopt list pricing policy for deciding price of the tourism
product and also there is no set model available for this. The tour operators set the
price which helps them to gain high profit, but due to non-availability of any
standard formula the decided price varies with the price offered by competitors.
Prices are kept high when season is at the peak and more and more tourists are
visiting the place or purchasing the tourist products, similarly price is kept low
when season is low. In this chapter, authors had proposed pricing model consid-
ering different factors that decides rates of the product in the tourism sector.
Real-time analytics performed on the data available on the Web portals or social
networking sites are used to get the most trending tourist destination, and the tour
operators functioning at different destination can set price of their products using
the proposed model. Real-time analytics will help tour operators to analyze the
demand in coming season.
Chapter 4 by Arushi Jain and Vishal Bhatnagar discussed that social media is
rapidly providing new standards of interaction between individuals in the recent era.
It is known as a computer-intermediated tool that tolerates people to share, or create
information, medical notes/reports, ideas, and pictures/videos through virtual
communities. The online citizens (netizens) are able to create a colossal network of
people to communicate with. Social media such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube,
Instagram, and Tinder have prevalent uses that produce copious amount of data
which is beyond the ability of normal software tools to process in the given elapsed
time. Apache Hadoop project is the most famous open-sourced frameworks for
Preface vii

large-scale computation on the commodity hardware. Hadoop has become kernel

for distributed operating system for big data. There are two core components
associated with Hadoop—Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) and
MapReduce. MapReduce distributed the tasks on multiple nodes in the cluster; the
developer only have to write code, rest is taken care by MapReduce. The generated
data from these social sources is real time and includes information about author’s
daily activities, feelings, and emotions. The messages often include images,
geolocations, and many other annotations. This vast data repository provides
researchers with opportunities to study the individuals’ behavior/emotions that
subject to different conditions. In this chapter, authors found the trending tweets
from January 2017 to September 2017 depending upon the eight prominent themes
that emerged from the dataset and trending tweets depending upon the geolocation.
For this, author divided India depending upon the region, that is North India, West
India, South India, East India, Central India, and Northeast India.
Chapter 5 by C. Sardianos, N. Tsirakis, and I. Varlamis discussed that it is
typical among online social networks’ users to share their status, activity, and other
information with fellow users, to interact on the information shared by others, and
to express their trust or interest for each other. The result is a rich information
repository which can be used to improve the user experience and increase their
engagement if handled properly. In order to create a personalized user experience in
social networks, we need data management solutions that scale well on the huge
amounts of information generated on a daily basis. The social information of an
online social network can be useful both for improving content personalization and
for allowing existing algorithms to scale to huge datasets. All current real-world
large-scale recommender systems have invested on scalable distributed database
systems for data storage and parallel and distributed algorithms for finding
recommendations. This chapter focuses on collaborative filtering algorithms for
recommender systems and briefly explains how they work and what their
limitations are.
Chapter 6 by A. L. Chapman, M. Lei, and C. Greenhow analyzed the design,
implementation, benefits, and challenges of using a Facebook application, College
Connect, are presented. College Connect was designed to address the persistent
educational problem of college access in the USA, part of which stems from stu-
dents’ lack of social capital, the human and information resources available to them
in their social networks that can provide needed information, such as how to apply
to, enroll in, and pay for college. College Connect, a social networking application
which runs on Facebook, the parent platform, was designed to help address this
problem by creating a network visualization of each student’s Facebook Friends
network and showing the student who within the network has college information
in their Facebook profile. In this chapter, authors explained the theory and proce-
dures that led to the design of the College Connect application, the process of
launching the application, and the benefits and challenges of implementing it with
adolescent students preparing for college.
viii Preface

J. G. Tromp, Chung Le Van, Bao Le Nguyen, and Dac-Nhuong Le in

Chap. 7 covered the convergence of social media networks and virtual reality
systems, labeled as social virtual reality. It reviews the evolution of the World Wide
Web from a single-user, static experience into the futuristic 3D multiuser interactive
experience. This is followed by a review of bulk data collection in virtual reality,
and the ethical risks and threats to privacy that this could create for social virtual
reality users. The chapter ends with recommendations to mitigate the ethical risks
and threats to privacy, for adult VR users, parents of VR users, psychologists, VR
software, and hardware manufacturers.
Chapter 8 by I. Kožuh and M. Debevc provided a comprehensive insight into
the use of social media among the deaf and hard of hearing, along with the benefits
and challenges in use. Existing recommendations toward overcoming the chal-
lenges are reviewed, and approaches for design of social media and its efficient use
are proposed. The findings may serve social media developers, educators, social
inclusion advisors, and policy makers on how to apply social media as an inclusive
tool for participation in society.

Kolkata, India Nilanjan Dey

Porto, Portugal Rosalina Babo
Tanta, Egypt Amira S. Ashour
New Delhi, India Vishal Bhatnagar
Sfax, Tunisia Med Salim Bouhlel
Contents

Part I Social Network Design and Implementation: An Overview

1 Teenagers Sentiment Analysis from Social Network Data . . . . . . . . . 3
Lizur Rahman, Golam Sarowar and Sarwar Kamal
2 Social Networking in Web Based Movie
Recommendation System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Nabanita Das, Surekha Borra, Nilanjan Dey and Samarjeet Borah
3 Sifting Through Hashtags on Twitter for Enterprising Tourism
and Hospitality Using Big Data Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Sapna Sinha, Vishal Bhatnagar and Abhay Bansal
4 Hashtag# Perspicacity of India Region Using Scalable Big Data
Infrastructure Using Hadoop Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Arushi Jain and Vishal Bhatnagar

Part II Social Network Application: An Introduction

5 A Survey on the Scalability of Recommender Systems
for Social Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
C. Sardianos, N. Tsirakis and I. Varlamis
6 Social Network Applications for Education: The Case
of College Connect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
A. L. Chapman, M. Lei and C. Greenhow

ix
x Contents

Part III Social Network Security and Challenges

7 Massively Multi-user Online Social Virtual Reality Systems:
Ethical Issues and Risks for Long-Term Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Jolanda Tromp, Chung Le, Bao Le and Dac-Nhuong Le
8 Challenges in Social Media Use Among Deaf and Hard of Hearing
People . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
I. Kožuh and M. Debevc
About the Editors

Nilanjan Dey is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Information

Technology, Techno India College of Technology, Kolkata, WB, India. He holds
an honorary position of Visiting Scientist at Global Biomedical Technologies Inc.,
CA, USA, Research Scientist of Laboratory of Applied Mathematical Modeling in
Human Physiology, Territorial Organization of Scientific and Engineering Unions,
Bulgaria, and Associate Researcher of Laboratoire RIADI, University of Manouba,
Tunisia. His research topics are medical imaging, soft computing, data mining,
machine learning, rough set, computer-aided diagnosis, and atherosclerosis. He has
20 books and 300 international conferences and journal papers. He is the editor in
chief of International Journal of Ambient Computing and Intelligence (IGI Global),
USA; International Journal of Rough Sets and Data Analysis (IGI Global), USA;
the International Journal of Synthetic Emotions (IJSE), IGI Global, USA; and
International Journal of Natural Computing Research (IGI Global), USA, Series
Editor of Advances in Geospatial Technologies (AGT) Book Series, (IGI Global),
USA; Executive Editor of International Journal of Image Mining (IJIM),
Inderscience, and Associated Editor of IEEE Access Journal and the International
Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering and Technology, IGI Global.
He is a life member of IE, UACEE, ISOC.

Rosalina Babo is a Coordinator Professor at the School of Accounting and

Administration of Porto/Polytechnic of Porto (ISCAP/IPP), Portugal. Since the year
2000, she is the head of the Information Systems Department and was a member
of the university scientific board for 12 years (2000–2012). Rosalina Babo was one
of the founders (2006) of CEISE/STI research center and its director until the year
2011. Having several published papers in international conferences and books, her
main areas of research are e-learning, usability, e-commerce, and social networks.

Amira S. Ashour is currently an Assistant Professor and Head of Department-

EEC, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Egypt. She has been the Vice Chair
of Computer Engineering Department, Computers and Information Technology
College, Taif University, KSA, for one year from 2015. She has been the Vice

xi
xii About the Editors

Chair of CS department, CIT college, Taif University, KSA, for five years. Her
research interests are smart antenna, direction of arrival estimation, targets tracking,
image processing, medical imaging, machine learning, signal/image/video pro-
cessing, image analysis, computer vision, and optimization. She has 6 books and
about 70 published journal papers. She is an editor in chief of the International
Journal of Synthetic Emotions (IJSE), IGI Global, USA. She is an Associate Editor
for the IJRSDA, IGI Global, USA, as well as the IJACI, IGI Global, USA. She is an
editorial board member of the International Journal of Image Mining (IJIM),
Inderscience.

Vishal Bhatnagar holds B.Tech., M.Tech., and Ph.D. in the engineering field. He
has more than 18 years of teaching experience in various technical institutions. He
is currently working as a Professor in Computer Science in Engineering
Department, Ambedkar Institute of Advanced Communication Technologies and
Research (Government of Delhi), GGSIPU, Delhi, India. His research interests
include database, advance database, data warehouse, data mining, social network
analysis, and big data analytics. He has to his credit more than 110 research papers
in various international/national journals and conferences. He is also member of
many international journals as editorial board, editor or reviewer board member. He
has been guiding the postgraduate and Ph.D. students in the field of data science
from 2010.

Med Salim Bouhlel was born in Sfax (Tunisia) in December 1955. He is a full
professor at Sfax University, Tunisia. He is the Head of the Research Group:
Sciences and Technologies of Image and Communication since 2003.
He was the Director of the Higher Institute of Electronics and Communications
of Sfax—TUNISIA (ISECS) 2008–2011. He received the golden medal with the
special appreciation of the jury in 1999 on the occasion of the first International
Meeting of Invention, Innovation and Technology (Dubai, UAE). He was the Vice
President and Founder Member of the Tunisian Association of the Specialists in
Electronics and the Tunisian Association of the Experts in Imagery. He is the
President and Founder of the Tunisian Association on Human–Machine Interaction
since 2013. He is the editor in chief of the International Journal “Human-Machine
Interaction” and a dozen of special issues of international journals. He is the
chairman of many international conferences and member of the program committee
of numerous international conferences. His research interests are image processing,
telecommunication, and human–machine interaction in which he has obtained more
than 20 patents so far. More than 400 articles were published in international
journals, conferences, and books. Moreover, he has been the principal investigator
and the project manager for several research projects dealing with several topics
concerned with his research interests mentioned above.
 Part I
Social Network Design and
Implementation: An Overview
Chapter 1
Teenagers Sentiment Analysis from
Social Network Data

Lizur Rahman, Golam Sarowar and Sarwar Kamal

Abstract Now a day’s social networks generate a huge data from user view, emo-
tions, thoughts, opinions, suggestions regarding different products, events, places,
brands, politics etc. Those data plays an important role in different ways. Techni-
cally, in the interval of every 60 s in a social network like Facebook, lots of comments
and statuses are updated which are associated with thousands of contexts. However,
realization of different ways in which texts are seems to be appeared on Facebook
can help us to improve our products. In general, different organizations such as text
organization used sentimental analysis for successful classification. They transpired
feelings, emotions in different form like positive, negative, friendly, unfriendly etc.
To solve this problem we have concentrated on different techniques of deep learning.
In this paper we highlight about few deep learning implementation techniques known
as Convolutional Neural Network and Recursive Neural Network with classification
of different texts.

Keywords Facebook · Sentimental analysis · Deep learning · Convolutional

neural network · Convolutional hidden layer · Max pooling · Softmax layer
Recurrent neural tensor network

1.1 Introduction

Sentiment classification is one of the most important tasks in social network analysis
in current circumstance sentiment analysis for various social networking sites seems

L. Rahman · G. Sarowar · S. Kamal (B)

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, East West University,
Dhaka, Bangladesh
e-mail: [email protected]
L. Rahman
e-mail: [email protected]
G. Sarowar
e-mail: [email protected]

© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 3

N. Dey et al. (eds.), Social Networks Science: Design, Implementation,
Security, and Challenges, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90059-9_1
4 L. Rahman et al.

to be a very potential research equipment. The main reason behind this includes
online user’s free authorization and assessment to their account whenever they want.
Various recent surveys demonstrate that companies collect huge amount of data
through the web to extend their customers satisfaction analysis. Setters can also
watch terrorist’s activity through collecting data from web to extend sentimental
analysis and are getting aware and taking steps about their baleful events. The authors
used sentimental analysis to find the imaginative sentiment automatically from uses
reviews [1]. Sentiment analysis is a natural language processing problem where
text is understood and the underlying intent is predicted. Few authors have already
published lots of contributions associated with sentimental analysis. Most of the
contributions have been accomplished targeting to twitter, product reviews, political
party, tweet updates, brands of products [2]. These system expresses a positive or
a negative opinion(e.g., blog post, product review, etc.) about a given entity(e.g.,
product, policy, person etc.). Before imposing appropriate mechanism over data they
collect raw data from twitter or facebook and apply their implemented methods on
the data they gathered. Since, twitter has a restriction of using 140 characters of
total length while posting something in twitter [2], thus users supposed to get narrow
scope to express their thoughts, expressions, emotions.
In general, recent years highly keep in touch with available social networks and
collaborative technologies. Thousands of research associated with social media has
been conducted already. However, various study demonstrate that this social media
and collaborative technology can negotiate with traditional way of learning into
a collaborative one [3]. Meanwhile, social media seems to be effective in health
care technology areas also. For the time being health care is becoming sharing and
cooperative which makes realizing about the necessity of social media technologies.
Moreover, for present time online based social networking sites are providing the
platform for the people to express their opinions, thoughts, emotions, short messages
etc. within a second of click. With the help of social networks nowadays it’s easier to
be interconnected. This phenomenon results with effective outcome. However, with
the increasing effectiveness of social networks and collaborative technologies the
data passing through various platforms associated with these appeared to be a great
evolution. Enormous posts, comments, emotions, reactions etc. are need to be manip-
ulated with the shortest possible time. Despite all of this present circumstances of
various social networks negotiate with lots of real life conditions among which adver-
tisement of various products and prospects are comparatively most significant. Thus,
social networks play an important role in this era providing multimedia enriched
data, aggregated feedback and personal information sharing. Among all the social
networks Facebook is considered most popular one by connecting every stages of
people together within a single shade. According to Wikipedia Currently Facebook
is dealing with approximately 2 billion people, twitter with 319 million users, 375
million users. However, the researchers are mainly concerns with determining exact
sentiment, emotions, and reactions filtering lots of multimedia based data. Thus, this
study is concerned with this issue.
In this paper, in most cases we have concentrated on Facebook as our targeted
website. From the perspective of virtual world status is creating an updated feature
1 Teenagers Sentiment Analysis from Social Network Data 5

Fig. 1.1 Graphical

representation of tweets rate
of growth [55]

of regular activity, thoughts, emotions etc. From users side. Facebook has a total
number of 5000 characters for updating every status which has a big difference from
Twitter [4]. Therefore, the main advantage is people transpired emotions clearly
which is desirable. Total Facebook users are enormous and so it is much easier to
collect samples. Analyzing these samples we can get identify user’s motion of interest
which would be good enough. Realization of different ways in which texts are seems
to be appeared on Facebook can help us to improve our products.
According to June 2017, a survey [5] on Facebook statistics shows Every 60 s on
Facebook: 510,000 comments are posted, 293,000 statuses are updated. Understand-
ing the various ways texts are used on Facebook can help us to improve our products.
In general, whenever a user expresses his views, it becomes important for the com-
munity to correctly identify the requirements of user to make him stay longer. By the
analysis of product reviews given by the customers, an organization can decide about
the future circumstance on any particular product. Thus, it becomes mandatory for
the organizer to analyze the comments given in social media to extract any essential
information from huge volume of data. However, the annual tweet growth rate for
twitter from 2006 to 2013 [6] is followed by Fig. 1.1.
In general, sentiment analysis or opinion mining is a most hotly debated topic
nowadays. This is basically the computational illustration of people’s comments,
attributes, comments, posts, and tweets on any specific issue. Those issues can
demonstrate both individuals as well as events and topics. However, both the topic
sentiment analysis and opinion mining refers to interchangeable circumstances of
some issues. Despite of this some of the researchers in this field who have con-
ducted various contributions have estimated that both of the term SA (sentiment
analysis) and OM (opinion mining) indicates different motion rather than indication
same dimension. According to their derivation, sentiment analysis is such kind of
machine learning approach which works with opinion mining whereas sentiment
analysis refers to the sentiment explicated on various issues for this context in var-
6 L. Rahman et al.

ious tweets. Therefore, according to sentiment analysis this specific topic illustrate
opinions regarding a topic or event then identifying the sentiment expressed by the
users and determining their polarity. Basically, sentiment analysis overall process is
the combination of three kinds defined as document-level, sentence-level, and aspect-
level [7]. Initially, the given sentence will be evaluated whether it is a subjective or
objective sentence. Thereafter, SA will determine which sentiment is depicted by
the sentence given. Since current world is stepping towards the evolution of higher
dimensional, complex and complicated data, it will be main obstacle for the previous
methods to cope with new dimension of data. Moreover, various social network asso-
ciated data like those information produced from twitter, Facebook, Google etc. are
increasing in an exponential manner and for which it demands strong fundamental
machine learning approaches to be in action to manipulate with better accuracy and
efficiency [8]. Realizing the worth of this issue we have concentrated on convolutional
neural network as well as Recursive tensor neural network for sentiment analysis and
text mining. Our derived approaches represents better performance for conducting
this task. However, for this study we only highlight on English data classification or
analysis. Our future contribution may include all the available language data analy-
sis. However, collected data can be noise full, irreverent which are considered to be
the main obstacle for the context of accurate analysis and efficient classification of
sentiment provided by the users un some specific events, topics etc. therefore, various
mapping algorithms like self-organization map, Ordinary Least Squares Regression
(OLSR), Linear Regression., Logistic Regression., Stepwise Regression., Multivari-
ate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS), Locally Estimated Scatter plot Smoothing
(LOESS) those algorithms are highly appreciated. Thus, our future contribution will
include mapping based machine implementation of mapping based machine learning
algorithms for sentiment detection and opinion mining.

1.2 Literature Review

Many authors applied and contributed different methods for performing sentimental
analysis. Alongside, lots of researchers have used deep learning, machine learning,
vector machine etc. In literature, lots of outperformers’ methods have been exposed
through various researchers in paragraph and sentence level. In [9], the contributors
have drawn their attention towards minimum cut in text graphs to achieve the main
partition of the words from the whole text. Moreover, though the use of machine
learning methods they have performed sentiment analysis on the selected texts only.
In [10], the authors have embedded convolutional neural networks to train handwrit-
ten digits. The researchers of this work have been able to take their performance to
the highest level though demonstration of 99.6% accuracy. In [11] authors have used
different techniques to reduce over fitting and they have improved the performance to
a top level up to 99.67%. They have emphasized on 10,000 MNIST test images (seen
except training session) and the system defined by them determine 9,967 correctly.
From rest 33 images many of those are tough even for a human being to differ-
1 Teenagers Sentiment Analysis from Social Network Data 7

entiate. They used an ensemble of networks and build a model to improve entire
performance. In [12], the contributors mentioned support vector machine mecha-
nism for better classification from various data source collected from specific social
networks. In [3], initially the authors have classified texts into neutral and polar first
then have determined whether the text is expressed as positive or negative senti-
ment. In [13], the authors have depicted distant learning approach to differentiate
sentiment analysis data. They have emphasized on twitter’s every tweet’s conclud-
ing emotions. If concluding emotions are in positive emoticons like “:)”, “:-)” are
considered as positive and if rest emotions are appeared like “:(”, “:-(” then that will
be considered as negative. They build models using different classifiers and report
that Support Vector Machines (SVM) outperforms other classifiers comparatively.
They also have employed different models in terms of feature space and they report
that Unigram model outperforms all other models. Moreover, according to the con-
tribution mentioned in [14] overall sentiment has been taken in account rather than
concentrating on topic based analysis which is fruitful when overall input datasets
are noise free or irreverent free. But from the perspective of big data analysis or
noise full data this contribution can be detected as slower prediction mechanism. In
this respect of view our contributed approach works better even after the presence of
noise or irreverent data. Another contribution regarding sentiment analysis [15] indi-
cate the use of corpus for sentiment analysis as well as decision or opinion mining.
This contributions reveals that their proposed approach represents higher accuracy
along with efficiency for twitter data analysis. Initially for this they have drawn their
attention towards prediction of positive, negative and neutral sentiments for every
document they have in English language. The authors also demonstrate that their
future work will be conducted on all the language available currently. Since our con-
tribution highlights on various neural network based algorithm to train the datasets,
thus overall accuracy as well as efficiency outperforms its alternatives. Additionally,
the work [16] has explored lots of work associated with sentiment analysis in recent
time. Details discussion of various works create a new way to know gist content in
a while.
More research on sentiment analysis along with big data has been also conducted
by thousands of researchers. Among them the contribution [17] deals with vast
amount of sentiment rich data or texts through status updates, reactions, comments,
likes, tweets etc. the authors of this paper have highlighted into analysis of sentiment
for electronic devices including mobiles, Tabs, laptops etc. to be user friendly than
before. They have demonstrated that through the use of sentiment analysis in specific
domain the effect of domain information can be extracted easily. Along with analyz-
ing vast amount of data the authors have also implemented a new feature defined as
vector classifier for determination of more accuracy. According to the contribution of
[18], the authors in this study mostly concentrated on feature selection, negation deal-
ing and emotion handling. For the purpose of increasing performance of machine
learning algorithms this study negotiates with huge numbers of text datasets like
tweets or movie reviews and evaluates the performance of machine learning algo-
rithms. Thus, evaluation of public opinion as well as sentiment analysis has been taken
into account in this study for enhancement of available machine learning algorithms
8 L. Rahman et al.

in this field. Intuitively, the study [19] refers to illustration or details demonstration
of those datasets which are increasing in an exponential manner including contents
on the Web like twitter, amazon, Facebook etc. since these types of large volume of
data can create a great harm for the efficiency as well as accuracy and sensitivity of
machine leaning algorithms. From the perspective of contribution [20] lots of papers
regarding sentiment analysis have been explored in details for probable acquisition
of whole knowledge at a time from one paper. Moreover, nowadays Facebook, twit-
ter, amazon and other social websites support the feature of using various slang, Gif
images, emotions, reactions, comments which are mainly responsible for produc-
tion of higher dimensional large volume of datasets. This study also concentrates
on this issue and demonstrates the machine learning ways through which we can
resolve these types of problems. Since nowadays the datasets are increasing in an
exponential manner for which the classification task is becoming slower data by day.
Avoiding this situation various mapping based machine learning approaches can be
most helpful for classification, feature detection as well as to resolve inefficient sen-
timent analysis problems. In this respect [21–27] these study have proposed various
mapping less as well as mapping based algorithms which are capable of classifying
the data in a complex as well as complicated situation. However, another studies
mentioned in [28–37] highlights various automated machine learning system for
manipulation of imbalance, large volume of data and also to extract gist information
from data gathered from Facebook, tweeter data. Details performance evaluation
also demonstrates outperformances of those algorithms implemented and proposed
in those contributions. Moreover, [38–48] contributions highlight developing various
artificial intelligence algorithms which are capable of conducting various classifica-
tion as well as alignment task with higher accuracy and efficiency compared to other
alternatives in literature.

1.3 Deep Learning Algorithms (CNN) Used in Sentiment

Analysis

Basically, deep learning refers to combination of various algorithms. Such as Convo-

lutional Neural Network (CNN) extended version of neural network (NN), Recursive
Neural Tensor Network (RNTN) extended version of Recursive NN basically con-
cerned with the use of specific sparse tree for every input data, Recurrent Neural
Network (RNN) etc. those are very popular. Basically NN are very efficient for text
generation, image classification, pattern classification, vector representation, classi-
fication of sentence etc. [49]. Deep learning networks can be used for its automatic
learning capability and we can training for supervised as well as unsupervised both
[50]. Due to supervised and unsupervised learning techniques deep learning is very
useful. Many researchers used deep learning for handle sentiment analysis. Authors
used data from rottentomatoes.com and make the representation of movie review by
using Recursive Tensor Neural Network (RNTN) [51].