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 chapter2.txt
Introduction to Java Programming Comprehensive
Version 10th Edition Liang Test Bank
full chapter at: https://testbankbell.com/product/introduction-to-java-
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Chapter 2 Elementary Programming

Section 2.3 Reading Input from the Console

1. Suppose a Scanner object is created as follows:

Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

What method do you use to read an int value?

a. input.nextInt();
b. input.nextInteger();
c. input.int();
d. input.integer();
Key:a

#
2. The following code fragment reads in two numbers:

Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

int i = input.nextInt();
double d = input.nextDouble();

What are the correct ways to enter these two numbers?

a. Enter an integer, a space, a double value, and then the Enter key.
b. Enter an integer, two spaces, a double value, and then the Enter key.
c. Enter an integer, an Enter key, a double value, and then the Enter key.
d. Enter a numeric value with a decimal point, a space, an integer, and then the
Enter key.
Key:abc
#
6. is the code with natural language mixed with Java code.

a. Java program
b. A Java statement
c. Pseudocode
d. A flowchart diagram
key:c

#
3. If you enter 1 2 3, when you run this program, what will be the output?

Page 1
import java.util.Scanner; chapter2.txt

public class Test1 {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter three numbers: ");

Page 2
 chapter2.txt
double number1 = input.nextDouble();
double number2 = input.nextDouble();
double number3 = input.nextDouble();

// Compute average
double average = (number1 + number2 + number3) / 3;

// Display result
System.out.println(average);
}
}

a. 1.0
b. 2.0
c. 3.0
d. 4.0
Key:b

#
4. What is the exact output of the following code?

double area = 3.5;

System.out.print("area");
System.out.print(area);

a. 3.53.5
b. 3.5 3.5
c. area3.5
d. area 3.5
Key:c

#
Section 2.4 Identifiers
4. Every letter in a Java keyword is in lowercase?
a. true
b. false
Key:a

#
5. Which of the following is a valid identifier?
a. $343
b. class
c. 9X
d. 8+9
e. radius
Key:ae

Page 3
 chapter2.txt
Section 2.5 Variables
6. Which of the following are correct names for variables according to Java
naming conventions?
a. radius
b. Radius
c. RADIUS
d. findArea
e. FindArea
Key:ad

#
7. Which of the following are correct ways to declare variables?
a. int length; int width;
b. int length, width;
c. int length; width;
d. int length, int width;
Key:ab

#
Section 2.6 Assignment Statements and Assignment Expressions
8. is the Java assignment operator.
a. ==
b. :=
c. =
d. =:
Key:c

#
9. To assign a value 1 to variable x, you write
a. 1 = x;
b. x = 1;
c. x := 1;
d. 1 := x;
e. x == 1;
Key:b

#
10. Which of the following assignment statements is incorrect?
a. i = j = k = 1;
b. i = 1; j = 1; k = 1;
c. i = 1 = j = 1 = k = 1;
d. i == j == k == 1;
Key:cd

#
Section 2.7 Named Constants
11. To declare a constant MAX_LENGTH inside a method with value 99.98, you write
a. final MAX_LENGTH = 99.98;
Page 4
 chapter2.txt
b. final float MAX_LENGTH = 99.98;
c. double MAX_LENGTH = 99.98;
d. final double MAX_LENGTH = 99.98;
Key:d

#
12. Which of the following is a constant, according to Java naming conventions?
a. MAX_VALUE
b. Test
c. read
d. ReadInt
e. COUNT
Key:ae

#
13. To improve readability and maintainability, you should declare
instead of using literal values such as 3.14159.
a. variables
b. methods
c. constants
d. classes
Key:c

#
Section 2.8 Naming Conventions
60. According to Java naming convention, which of the following names can be
variables?
a. FindArea
b. findArea
c. totalLength
d. TOTAL_LENGTH
e. class
Key:bc

#
Section 2.9 Numeric Data Types and Operations
14. Which of these data types requires the most amount of memory?
a. long
b. int
c. short
d. byte
Key:a

#
34. If a number is too large to be stored in a variable of the float type, it
.
a. causes overflow
b. causes underflow

Page 5
 chapter2.txt
c. causes no error
d. cannot happen in Java
Key:a

#
15. Analyze the following code:

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int n = 10000 * 10000 * 10000;
System.out.println("n is " + n);
}
}
a. The program displays n is 1000000000000
b. The result of 10000 * 10000 * 10000 is too large to be stored in an int
variable n. This causes an overflow and the program is aborted.
c. The result of 10000 * 10000 * 10000 is too large to be stored in an int
variable n. This causes an overflow and the program continues to execute because
Java does not report errors on overflow.
d. The result of 10000 * 10000 * 10000 is too large to be stored in an int
variable n. This causes an underflow and the program is aborted.
e. The result of 10000 * 10000 * 10000 is too large to be stored in an int variable
n. This causes an underflow and the program continues to execute because Java does
not report errors on underflow.
Key:c

#
16. What is the result of 45 / 4?
a. 10
b. 11
c. 11.25
d. 12
Key:b 45 / 4 is an integer division, which results in 11

#
18. Which of the following expression results in a value 1?
a. 2 % 1
b. 15 % 4
c. 25 % 5
d. 37 % 6
Key:d 2 % 1 is 0, 15 % 4 is 3, 25 % 5 is 0, and 37 % 6 is 1

#
19. 25 % 1 is
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

Page 6
 chapter2.txt
e. 0
Key:e

#
20. -25 % 5 is
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 0
Key:e

#
21. 24 % 5 is
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 0
Key:d

#
22. -24 % 5 is
a. -1
b. -2
c. -3
d. -4
e. 0
Key:d

#
23. -24 % -5 is
a. 3
b. -3
c. 4
d. -4
e. 0
Key:d

#
30. Math.pow(2, 3) returns .
a. 9
b. 8
c. 9.0
d. 8.0
Key:d It returns a double value 8.0.

Page 7
 chapter2.txt
30. Math.pow(4, 1 / 2) returns .
a. 2
b. 2.0
c. 0
d. 1.0
e. 1
Key:d Note that 1 / 2 is 0.

#
30. Math.pow(4, 1.0 / 2) returns .
a. 2
b. 2.0
c. 0
d. 1.0
e. 1
Key:b Note that the pow method returns a double value, not an integer.
#
31. The method returns a raised to the power of b.

a. Math.power(a, b)
b. Math.exponent(a, b)
c. Math.pow(a, b)
d. Math.pow(b, a)
Key:c

#
Section 2.10 Numeric Literals
15. To declare an int variable number with initial value 2, you write
a. int number = 2L;
b. int number = 2l;
c. int number = 2;
d. int number = 2.0;
Key:c

#
32. Analyze the following code.

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int month = 09;
System.out.println("month is " + month);
}
}
a. The program displays month is 09
b. The program displays month is 9
c. The program displays month is 9.0
d. The program has a syntax error, because 09 is an incorrect literal value.
Key:d Any numeric literal with the prefix 0 is an octal value. But 9 is not an octal

Page 8
 chapter2.txt
digit. An octal digit is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7.

#
15. Which of the following are the same as 1545.534?
a. 1.545534e+3
b. 0.1545534e+4
c. 1545534.0e-3
d. 154553.4e-2
Key:abcd

#
Section 2.11 Evaluating Expressions and Operator Precedence
24. The expression 4 + 20 / (3 - 1) * 2 is evaluated to
a. 4
b. 20
c. 24
d. 9
e. 25
Key:c

#
Section 2.12 Case Study: Displaying the Current Time
58. The System.currentTimeMillis() returns .
a. the current time.
b. the current time in milliseconds.
c. the current time in milliseconds since midnight.
d. the current time in milliseconds since midnight, January 1, 1970.
e. the current time in milliseconds since midnight, January 1, 1970 GMT (the
Unix time).
Key:e

#
24. To obtain the current second, use .
a. System.currentTimeMillis() % 3600
b. System.currentTimeMillis() % 60
c. System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000 % 60
d. System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000 / 60 % 60
e. System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000 / 60 / 60 % 24
Key:c

#
24. To obtain the current minute, use .
a. System.currentTimeMillis() % 3600
b. System.currentTimeMillis() % 60
c. System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000 % 60
d. System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000 / 60 % 60
e. System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000 / 60 / 60 % 24
Key:d

Page 9
 chapter2.txt

#
24. To obtain the current hour in UTC, use _.
a. System.currentTimeMillis() % 3600
b. System.currentTimeMillis() % 60
c. System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000 % 60
d. System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000 / 60 % 60
e. System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000 / 60 / 60 % 24
Key:e

#
Section 2.13 Augmented Assignment Operators
24. To add a value 1 to variable x, you write
a. 1 + x = x;
b. x += 1;
c. x := 1;
d. x = x + 1;
e. x = 1 + x;
Key:bde

#
25. To add number to sum, you write (Note: Java is case-sensitive)
a. number += sum;
b. number = sum + number;
c. sum = Number + sum;
d. sum += number;
e. sum = sum + number;
Key:de

#
26. Suppose x is 1. What is x after x += 2?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
e. 4
Key:d

#
27. Suppose x is 1. What is x after x -= 1?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. -1
e. -2
Key:a

Page 10
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 chapter2.txt
28. What is x after the following statements?

int x = 2;
int y = 1;
x *= y + 1;

a. x is 1.
b. x is 2.
c. x is 3.
d. x is 4.
Key:d

#
29. What is x after the following statements?

int x = 1;
x *= x + 1;

a. x is 1.
b. x is 2.
c. x is 3.
d. x is 4.
Key:b

#
29. Which of the following statements are the same?

(A) x -= x + 4
(B) x = x + 4 - x
(C) x = x - (x + 4)

a. (A) and (B) are the same

b. (A) and (C) are the same
c. (B) and (C) are the same
d. (A), (B), and (C) are the same
Key:a

#
Section 2.14 Increment and Decrement Operators
21. Are the following four statements equivalent?
number += 1;
number = number + 1;
number++;
++number;
a. Yes
b. No
Key:a

Page 11
 chapter2.txt
#
34. What is i printed?
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int j = 0;
int i = ++j + j * 5;

System.out.println("What is i? " + i);

}
}
a. 0
b. 1
c. 5
d. 6
Key:d Operands are evaluated from left to right in Java. The left-hand operand of a
binary operator is evaluated before any part of the right-hand operand is evaluated.
This rule takes precedence over any other rules that govern expressions. Therefore,
++j is evaluated first, and returns 1. Then j*5 is evaluated, returns 5.

#
35. What is i printed in the following code?

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int j = 0;
int i = j++ + j * 5;

System.out.println("What is i? " + i);

}
}
a. 0
b. 1
c. 5
d. 6
Key:c Same as before, except that j++ evaluates to 0.

#
36. What is y displayed in the following code?

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int x = 1;
int y = x++ + x;
System.out.println("y is " + y);
}
}
a. y is 1.
b. y is 2.

Page 12
 chapter2.txt
c. y is 3.
d. y is 4.
Key:c When evaluating x++ + x, x++ is evaluated first, which does two things: 1.
returns 1 since it is post-increment. x becomes 2. Therefore y is 1 + 2.

#
37. What is y displayed?

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int x = 1;
int y = x + x++;
System.out.println("y is " + y);
}
}
a. y is 1.
b. y is 2.
c. y is 3.
d. y is 4.
Key:b When evaluating x + x++, x is evaluated first, which is 1. X++ returns 1 since
it is post-increment and 2. Therefore y is 1 + 1.

#
Section 2.15 Numeric Type Conversions
38. To assign a double variable d to a float variable x, you write
a. x = (long)d
b. x = (int)d;
c. x = d;
d. x = (float)d;
Key:d

#
17. Which of the following expressions will yield 0.5?
a. 1 / 2
b. 1.0 / 2
c. (double) (1 / 2)
d. (double) 1 / 2
e. 1 / 2.0
Key:bde 1 / 2 is an integer division, which results in 0.

#
39. What is the printout of the following code:

double x = 5.5;
int y = (int)x;
System.out.println("x is " + x + " and y is " + y);
a. x is 5 and y is 6
b. x is 6.0 and y is 6.0

Page 13
 chapter2.txt
c. x is 6 and y is 6
d. x is 5.5 and y is 5
e. x is 5.5 and y is 5.0
Key:d The value is x is not changed after the casting.

#
40. Which of the following assignment statements is illegal?
a. float f = -34;
b. int t = 23;
c. short s = 10;
d. int t = (int)false;
e. int t = 4.5;
Key:de

#
41. What is the value of (double)5/2?
a. 2
b. 2.5
c. 3
d. 2.0
e. 3.0
Key:b

#
42. What is the value of (double)(5/2)?
a. 2
b. 2.5
c. 3
d. 2.0
e. 3.0
Key:d

#
43. Which of the following expression results in 45.37?
a. (int)(45.378 * 100) / 100
b. (int)(45.378 * 100) / 100.0
c. (int)(45.378 * 100 / 100)
d. (int)(45.378) * 100 / 100.0
Key:b

#
43. The expression (int)(76.0252175 * 100) / 100 evaluates to .
a. 76.02
b. 76
c. 76.0252175
d. 76.03
Key:b In order to obtain 76.02, you have divide 100.0.

Page 14
 chapter2.txt
#
44. If you attempt to add an int, a byte, a long, and a double, the result will
be a value.
a. byte
b. int
c. long
d. double
Key:d

#
Section 2.16 Software Life Cycle
1. is a formal process that seeks to understand the problem and

document in detail what the software system needs to do.

a. Requirements specification
b. Analysis
c. Design
d. Implementation
e. Testing
Key:a
#
1. System analysis seeks to analyze the data flow and to identify the

system’s input and output. When you do analysis, it helps to identify what the
output is first, and then figure out what input data you need in order to produce
the output.
a. Requirements specification
b. Analysis
c. Design
d. Implementation
e. Testing
Key:b

#
0. Any assignment statement can be used as an assignment expression.
a. true
b. false
Key:a

#
1. You can define a constant twice in a block.
a. true
b. false
Key:b
#
44. are valid Java identifiers.
a. $Java
b. _RE4
Page 15
 chapter2.txt
c. 3ere
d. 4+4
e. int
Key:ab

#
2. You can define a variable twice in a block.
a. true
b. false
Key:b

#
3. The value of a variable can be changed.
a. true
b. false
Key:a

#
4. The result of an integer division is the integer part of the division; the
fraction part is truncated.
a. true
b. false
Key:a

#
5. You can always assign a value of int type to a variable of long type without
loss of information.
a. true
b. false
Key:a

#
6. You can always assign a value of long type to a variable of int type without
loss of precision.
a. true
b. false
Key:b

#
13. A variable may be assigned a value only once in the program.
a. true
b. false
Key:b

#
14. You can change the value of a constant.
a. true
b. false

Page 16
 chapter2.txt
Key:b

#
2. To declare a constant PI, you write
a. final static PI = 3.14159;
b. final float PI = 3.14159;
c. static double PI = 3.14159;
d. final double PI = 3.14159;
Key:d

#
3. To declare an int variable x with initial value 200, you write
a. int x = 200L;
b. int x = 200l;
c. int x = 200;
d. int x = 200.0;
Key:c

#
4. To assign a double variable d to an int variable x, you write
a. x = (long)d
b. x = (int)d;
c. x = d;
d. x = (float)d;
Key:b

#
8. Which of the following is a constant, according to Java naming conventions?
a. MAX_VALUE
b. Test
c. read
d. ReadInt
Key:a

#
9. Which of the following assignment statements is illegal?
a. float f = -34;
b. int t = 23;
c. short s = 10;
d. float f = 34.0;
Key:d

#
10. A Java statement ends with a .
a. comma (,)
b. semicolon (;)
c. period (.)
d. closing brace

Page 17
 chapter2.txt
Key:b

#
11. The assignment operator in Java is .
a. :=
b. =
c. = =
d. <-
Key:b

#
12. Which of these data types requires the least amount of memory?
a. float
b. double
c. short
d. byte
Key:d

#
13. Which of the following operators has the highest precedence?
a. casting
b. +
c. *
d. /
Key:a

#
17. If you attempt to add an int, a byte, a long, and a float, the result will
be a value.
a. float
b. int
c. long
d. double
Key:a

#
18. If a program compiles fine, but it terminates abnormally at runtime, then
the program suffers .
a. a syntax error
b. a runtime error
c. a logic error
Key:b

#
24. What is 1 % 2?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
Page 18
 chapter2.txt
Key:b

#
26. What is the printout of the following code:

double x = 10.1;
int y = (int)x;
System.out.println("x is " + x + " and y is " + y);

a. x is 10 and y is 10
b. x is 10.0 and y is 10.0
c. x is 11 and y is 11
d. x is 10.1 and y is 10
e. x is 10.1 and y is 10.0
Key:d

#
32. The compiler checks .
a. syntax errors
b. logical errors
c. runtime errors
Key:a

#
33. You can cast a double value to _.
a. byte
b. short
c. int
d. long
e. float
Key:abcde
#
34. The keyword must be used to declare a constant.
a. const
b. final
c. static
d. double
e. int
Key:b

#
37. pow is a method in the class.
a. Integer
b. Double
c. Math
d. System
Key:c

Page 19
 chapter2.txt
#
38. currentTimeMills is a method in the class.
a. Integer
b. Double
c. Math
d. System
Key:d

#
39. 5 % 1 is
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 0
Key:e

#
40. 5 % 2 is
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 0
Key:a

#
41. 5 % 3 is
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 0
Key:b

#
42. 5 % 4 is
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 0
Key:a

#
43. 5 % 5 is
a. 1

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 chapter2.txt
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 0
Key:e

#
43. -5 % 5 is
a. -1
b. -2
c. -3
d. -4
e. 0
Key:e

#
43. -15 % 4 is
a. -1
b. -2
c. -3
d. -4
e. 0
Key:c

#
43. -15 % -4 is
a. -1
b. -2
c. -3
d. -4
e. 0
Key:c

#
43. A variable must be declared before it can be used.
a. True
b. False
Key:a

#
43. A constant can be defined using using the final keyword.
a. True
b. False
Key:a

#
43. Which of the following are not valid assignment statements?
a. x = 55;

Page 21
 chapter2.txt
b. x = 56 + y;
c. 55 = x;
d. x += 3;
Key:c

Page 22
Sample Final Exam for CSCI 1302

FINAL EXAM AND COURSE OUTCOMES MATCHING

COURSE OUTCOMES
Upon successful completion of this course, students should be able to
1. understand OO concepts: encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, interfaces,
abstract classes
2. use Unified Modeling Language for design, analysis, and documentation
3. develop graphical user interfaces
4. develop event-driven programs
5. use file I/O and handle exceptions
6. design and implement OO programs

Here is a mapping of the final comprehensive exam against the course outcomes:

Question Matches outcomes

1 1
2 2
3 3, 4, 5
4 6, 7
5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

1
 Name: CSCI 1302 Introduction to Programming
Covers chs8-19 Armstrong Atlantic State University
Final Exam Instructor: Dr. Y. Daniel Liang

Please note that the university policy prohibits giving the exam score by email. If you need to know your
final exam score, come to see me during my office hours next semester.

I pledge by honor that I will not discuss the contents of this exam with
anyone.
Signed by Date

1. Design and implement classes. (10 pts)

Design a class named Person and its two subclasses named Student and
Employee. Make Faculty and Staff subclasses of Employee. A person has a
name, address, phone number, and email address. A student has a class
status (freshman, sophomore, junior, or senior). Define the status as a
constant. An employee has an office, salary, and date hired. Define a
class named MyDate that contains the fields year, month, and day. A
faculty member has office hours and a rank. A staff member has a title.
Override the toString method in each class to display the class name
and the person's name.

Draw the UML diagram for the classes. Write the code for the Student
class only.

2
2. Design and use interfaces (10 pts)

Write a class named Octagon that extends GeometricObject

and implements the Comparable and Cloneable interfaces.
Assume that all eight sides of the octagon are of equal
size. The area can be computed using the following formula:
area = (2 + 4 / 2) * side * side

Draw the UML diagram that involves Octagon,

GeometricObject, Comparable, and Cloneable.

3
3. Design and create GUI applications (10 pts)

Write a Java applet to add two numbers from text fields, and
displays the result in a non-editable text field. Enable your applet
to run standalone with a main method. A sample run of the applet is
shown in the following figure.

4
4. Text I/O (10 pts)

Write a program that will count the number of characters (excluding

control characters '\r' and '\n'), words, and lines, in a file. Words
are separated by spaces, tabs, carriage return, or line-feed
characters. The file name should be passed as a command-line argument,
as shown in the following sample run.

5
5. Multiple Choice Questions: (1 pts each)
(1. Mark your answers on the sheet. 2. Login and click Take
Instructor Assigned Quiz for QFinal. 3. Submit it online
within 5 mins. 4. Close the Internet browser.)
1. describes the state of an object.

a. data fields
b. methods
c. constructors
d. none of the above

#
2. An attribute that is shared by all objects of the class is coded
using .
a. an instance variable
b. a static variable
c. an instance method
d. a static method

#
3. If a class named Student has no constructors defined explicitly,
the following constructor is implicitly provided.

a. public Student()
b. protected Student()
c. private Student()
d. Student()

#
4. If a class named Student has a constructor Student(String name)
defined explicitly, the following constructor is implicitly provided.

a. public Student()
b. protected Student()
c. private Student()
d. Student()
e. None

#
5. Suppose the xMethod() is invoked in the following constructor in
a class, xMethod() is in the class.

public MyClass() {
xMethod();
}

a. a static method
b. an instance method
c. a static method or an instance method

#
6. Suppose the xMethod() is invoked from a main method in a class as
follows, xMethod() is in the class.

public static void main(String[] args) {

6
 xMethod();
}

a. a static method
b. an instance method
c. a static or an instance method

#
7. What would be the result of attempting to compile and
run the following code?
public class Test {
static int x;

public static void main(String[] args){

System.out.println("Value is " + x);
}
}

a. The output "Value is 0" is printed.

b. An "illegal array declaration syntax" compiler error occurs.
c. A "possible reference before assignment" compiler error occurs.
d. A runtime error occurs, because x is not initialized.

#
8. Analyze the following code:

public class Test {

private int t;

public static void main(String[] args) {

Test test = new Test();
System.out.println(test.t);
}
}

a. The variable t is not initialized and therefore causes errors.

b. The variable t is private and therefore cannot be accessed in the
main method.
c. Since t is an instance variable, it cannot appear in the static
main method.
d. The program compiles and runs fine.

#
9. Suppose s is a string with the value "java". What will be
assigned to x if you execute the following code?

char x = s.charAt(4);

a. 'a'
b. 'v'
c. Nothing will be assigned to x, because the execution causes the
runtime error StringIndexOutofBoundsException.
d. None of the above.

#
10. What is the printout for the following code?

class Test {

7
 public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] x = new int[3];
System.out.println("x[0] is "+x[0]);
}
}

a. The program has a syntax error because the size of the array
wasn't specified when declaring the array.
b. The program has a runtime error because the array elements are
not initialized.
c. The program runs fine and displays x[0] is 0.
d. None of the above.

#
11. How can you get the word "abc" in the main method from the
following call?

java Test "+" 3 "abc" 2

a. args[0]
b. args[1]
c. args[2]
d. args[3]

#
12. Which code fragment would correctly identify the number of
arguments passed via the command line to a Java application,
excluding the name of the class that is being invoked?

a. int count = args.length;

b. int count = args.length - 1;
c. int count = 0; while (args[count] != null) count ++;
d. int count=0; while (!(args[count].equals(""))) count ++;

#
13. Show the output of running the class Test in the following code
lines:

interface A {
void print();
}

class C {}

class B extends C implements A {

public void print() { }
}

class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
B b = new B();
if (b instanceof A)
System.out.println("b is an instance of A");
if (b instanceof C)
System.out.println("b is an instance of C");
}
}

8
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 149

ROBIN HOOD’S BIRTH, BREEDING, VALOR

AND MARRIAGE

a. Roxburghe, I, 360, in The Ballad Society’s

reprint, II, 440.
b. Pepys, II, 116, No 103. c. Pepys, II, 118, No
104.

Printed in Dryden’s Miscellany, VI, 346, ed. 1716; A

Collection of Old Ballads, 1723, I, 64; Ritson’s Robin
Hood, 1795, II, 1 (a); Evans, Old Ballads, 1777,
1784, I, 86.
The jocular author of this ballad, who would
certainly have been diverted by any one’s supposing
him to write under the restraints of tradition, brings
Adam Bell, Clim, and Cloudesly into company with
Robin Hood’s father. So again the silly Second Part of
Adam Bell in one of the copies, that of 1616. Robin
Hood’s father’s bow, st. 3, carried two north-country
miles and an inch. The son, then, was only half his
father, though, in Ritson’s words, “Robin Hood and
Little John have frequently shot an arrow a measured
mile.”
Robin Hood’s mother was niece to Guy of Warwick,
and sister to Gamwel of Gamwel Hall. In Robin Hood
newly Revived, Young Gamwel is Robin Hood’s
sister’s son. According to this ballad, Robin Hood
goes with his mother to keep Christmas with old
Gamwell, his uncle, whose seat is forty miles from
Locksly town. Little John is a member of the
household, a fine lad at gambols and juggling, and
twenty such tricks. Robin Hood, however, puts Little
John down in this way, and everybody else. His uncle
is so much pleased that he tells Robin he shall be his
heir, and no more go home. Robin asks the boon that
Little John may be his page. All the while, for how
long we know not, Robin Hood has had his band of
yeomen in Sherwood. Thither he goes (the time is
not specified, but birds are singing in st. 50), and
while he is collecting his men, Clorinda, queen of the
shepherds and archeress, passes, and arrests his
attention. The favorable impression which she makes
at first sight is confirmed by her presently shooting a
deer through side and side. Robin takes her to his
bower for a refection, which is served by four-and-
twenty yeomen. She inquires his name; he gives it,
and asks her to be his bride. After a blush and a
pause, Clorinda says, With all my heart, and it is no
wonder that Robin proposes to send for a priest
immediately. Clorinda is, however, engaged to go to
Titbury feast, whither she invites Robin to keep her
company. On the way he has an affray with eight
yeomen, who bid him hand over the buck which
Clorinda had killed, and which he is somehow taking
along with him. With Little John’s help, five of the
eight are killed; the rest are spared. A bull-baiting is
going on at Titbury, which one wonders that a
person of Clorinda’s imputed “wisdom and modesty”
should care for; but somehow Clorinda throws off
her dignity in the 45th stanza. After dinner the
parson is sent for, the marriage ceremony is
performed, and Robin and Clorinda return to
Sherwood.
The author of this ballad (“the most beautiful and
one of the oldest extant” of the series, says the
editor of the collection of 1723) knew nothing of the
Earl of Huntington and Matilda Fitzwater, but
represents Robin Hood as the son of a forester. In
everything except keeping Robin a yeoman, he
writes “as the world were now but to begin, antiquity
forgot, custom not known;” but poets in his day, to
quote the critic of 1723, “were looked upon like other
Englishmen, born to live and write with freedom.”
Concerning the bull-running at Tutbury, or
Stutesbury, Staffordshire (a hideously brutal custom,
of long standing), a compendium of antiquarian
information is given by Gutch, II, 118. Arthur a
Bradley, a rollicking ballad of a Merry Wedding,
mentioned in stanza 46, is printed by Ritson, Robin
Hood, 1795, II, 210.
1
Kind gentlemen, will you be patient awhile?
Ay, and then you shall hear anon
A very good ballad of bold Robin Hood,
And of his man, brave Little John.

2
In Locksly town, in Nottinghamshire,
In merry sweet Locksly town,
There bold Robin Hood he was born and was bred,
Bold Robin of famous renown.

3
The father of Robin a forrester was,
And he shot in a lusty long bow,
Two north country miles and an inch at a shot,
As the Pinder of Wakefield does know.

4
For he brought Adam Bell, and Clim of the Clugh,
And William a Clowdesle
To shoot with our forrester for forty mark,
And the forrester beat them all three.

5
His mother was neece to the Coventry knight,
Which Warwickshire men call Sir Guy;
For he slew the blue bore that hangs up at the gate,
Or mine host of The Bull tells a lye.

6
Her brother was Gamwel, of Great Gamwel Hall,
And a noble house-keeper was he,
Ay, as ever broke bread in sweet Nottinghamshire,
And a squire of famous degree.

7
The mother of Robin said to her husband,
My honey, my love, and my dear,
Let Robin and I ride this morning to Gamwel,
To taste of my brothers good cheer.

8
And he said, I grant thee thy boon, gentle Joan,
Take one of my horses, I pray;
The sun is a rising, and therefore make haste,
For to-morrow is Christmas-day.

9
Then Robin Hoods fathers grey gelding was brought,
And sadled and bridled was he;
God wot, a blew bonnet, his new suit of cloaths,
And a cloak that did reach to his knee.

10
She got on her holiday kirtle and gown,
They were of a light Lincoln green;
The cloath was homespun, but for colour and make
It might a beseemed our queen.

11
And then Robin got on his basket-hilt sword,
And his dagger on his tother side,
And said, My dear mother, let’s haste to be gone,
We have forty long miles to ride.

12
When Robin had mounted his gelding so grey,
His father, without any trouble,
Set her up behind him, and bad her not fear,
For his gelding had oft carried double.

13
And when she was settled, they rode to their neighbours,
 And drank and shook hands with them all;
And then Robin gallopt, and never gave ore,
Till they lighted at Gamwel Hall.

14
And now you may think the right worshipful squire
Was joyful his sister to see;
For he kist her and kist her, and swore a great oath,
Thou art welcome, kind sister, to me.

15
To-morrow, when mass had been said in the chappel,
Six tables were coverd in the hall,
And in comes the squire, and makes a short speech,
It was, Neighbours, you’re welcome all.

16
But not a man here shall taste my March beer,
Till a Christmas carrol he sing:
Then all clapt their hands, and they shouted and sung,
Till the hall and the parlour did ring.

17
Now mustard and braun, roast beef and plumb pies,
Were set upon every table:
And noble George Gamwel said, Eat and be merry,
And drink too, as long as you’re able.

18
When dinner was ended, his chaplain said grace,
And, ‘Be merry, my friends,’ said the squire;
‘It rains, and it blows, but call for more ale,
And lay some more wood on the fire.

19
‘And now call ye Little John hither to me,
For Little John is a fine lad
At gambols and juggling, and twenty such tricks
As shall make you merry and glad.’

20
When Little John came, to gambols they went,
Both gentleman, yeoman and clown;
And what do you think? Why, as true as I live,
Bold Robin Hood put them all down.

21
And now you may think the right worshipful squire
Was joyful this sight for to see;
For he said, Cousin Robin, thou’st go no more home,
But tarry and dwell here with me.

22
Thou shalt have my land when I dye, and till then
Thou shalt be the staff of my age;
‘Then grant me my boon, dear uncle,’ said Robin,
‘That Little John may be my page.’

23
And he said, Kind cousin, I grant thee thy boon;
With all my heart, so let it be;
‘Then come hither, Little John,’ said Robin Hood,
‘Come hither, my page, unto me.

24
‘Go fetch me my bow, my longest long bow,
And broad arrows, one, two, or three;
For when it is fair weather we’ll into Sherwood,
Some merry pastime to see.’

25
When Robin Hood came into merry Sherwood,
He winded his bugle so clear,
And twice five and twenty good yeomen and bold
 Before Robin Hood did appear.

26
‘Where are your companions all?’ said Robin Hood,
‘For still I want forty and three;’
Then said a bold yeoman, Lo, yonder they stand,
All under a green-wood tree.

27
As that word was spoke, Clorinda came by;
The queen of the shepherds was she;
And her gown was of velvet as green as the grass,
And her buskin did reach to her knee.

28
Her gait it was graceful, her body was straight,
And her countenance free from pride;
A bow in her hand, and quiver and arrows
Hung dangling by her sweet side.

29
Her eye-brows were black, ay, and so was her hair,
And her skin was as smooth as glass;
Her visage spoke wisdom, and modesty too;
Sets with Robin Hood such a lass!

30
Said Robin Hood, Lady fair, whither away?
O whither, fair lady, away?
And she made him answer, To kill a fat buck;
For to-morrow is Titbury day.

31
Said Robin Hood, Lady fair, wander with me
A little to yonder green bower;
There sit down to rest you, and you shall be sure
Of a brace or a lease in an hour.
32
And as we were going towards the green bower,
Two hundred good bucks we espy’d;
She chose out the fattest that was in the herd,
And she shot him through side and side.

33
‘By the faith of my body,’ said bold Robin Hood,
‘I never saw woman like thee;
And comst thou from east, ay, or comst thou from west,
Thou needst not beg venison of me.

34
‘However, along to my bower you shall go,
And taste of a forresters meat:’
And when we come thither, we found as good cheer
As any man needs for to eat.

35
For there was hot venison, and warden pies cold,
Cream clouted, with honey-combs plenty;
And the sarvitors they were, beside Little John,
Good yeomen at least four and twenty.

36
Clorinda said, Tell me your name, gentle sir;
And he said, ’Tis bold Robin Hood:
Squire Gamwel’s my uncle, but all my delight
Is to dwell in the merry Sherwood.

37
For ’tis a fine life, and ’tis void of all strife.
‘So ’tis, sir,’ Clorinda reply’d;
‘But oh,’ said bold Robin, ‘how sweet would it be,
If Clorinda would be my bride!’
38
She blusht at the motion; yet, after a pause
Said, Yes, sir, and with all my heart;
‘Then let’s send for a priest,’ said Robin Hood,
‘And be married before we do part.’

39
But she said, It may not be so, gentle sir,
For I must be at Titbury feast;
And if Robin Hood will go thither with me,
I’ll make him the most welcome guest.

40
Said Robin Hood, Reach me that buck, Little John,
For I’ll go along with my dear;
Go bid my yeomen kill six brace of bucks,
And meet me to-morrow just here.

41
Before we had ridden five Staffordshire miles,
Eight yeomen, that were too bold,
Bid Robin Hood stand, and deliver his buck;
A truer tale never was told.

42
‘I will not, faith!’ said bold Robin: ‘come, John,
Stand to me, and we’ll beat em all:’
Then both drew their swords, an so cut em and slasht em
That five of them did fall.

43
The three that remaind calld to Robin for quarter,
And pitiful John beggd their lives;
When John’s boon was granted, he gave them good counsel,
And so sent them home to their wives.

44
h b l f h b
This battle was fought near to Titbury town,
When the bagpipes bated the bull;
I am king of the fidlers, and sware ’tis a truth,
And I call him that doubts it a gull.

45
For I saw them fighting, and fidld the while,
And Clorinda sung, Hey derry down!
The bumpkins are beaten, put up thy sword, Bob,
And now let’s dance into the town.

46
Before we came to it, we heard a strange shouting,
And all that were in it lookd madly;
For some were a bull-back, some dancing a morris,
And some singing Arthur-a-Bradly.

47
And there we see Thomas, our justices clerk,
And Mary, to whom he was kind;
For Tom rode before her, and calld Mary, Madam,
And kist her full sweetly behind.

48
And so may your worships. But we went to dinner,
With Thomas and Mary and Nan;
They all drank a health to Clorinda, and told her
Bold Robin Hood was a fine man.

49
When dinner was ended, Sir Roger, the parson
Of Dubbridge, was sent for in haste;
He brought his mass-book, and he bade them take hands,
And he joynd them in marriage full fast.

50
And then, as bold Robin Hood and his sweet bride
h d h d h b
 Went hand in hand to the green bower,
The birds sung with pleasure in merry Sherwood,
And ’twas a most joyful hour.

51
And when Robin came in the sight of the bower,
‘Where are my yeomen?’ said he;
And Little John answered, Lo, yonder they stand,
All under the green-wood tree.

52
Then a garland they brought her, by two and by two,
And plac’d them upon the bride’s head;
The music struck up, and we all fell to dance,
Till the bride and the groom were a-bed.

53
And what they did there must be counsel to me,
Because they lay long the next day,
And I had haste home, but I got a good piece
Of the bride-cake, and so came away.

54
Now out, alas! I had forgotten to tell ye
That marryd they were with a ring;
And, so will Nan Knight, or be buried a maiden,
And now let us pray for the king:

55
That he may get children, and they may get more,
To govern and do us some good;
And then I’ll make ballads in Robin Hood’s bower,
And sing em in merry Sherwood.

a.
 A new ballad of bold Robin Hood, shewing his
Birth, Breeding, Valour and Marriage, at Titbury
Bull-running: calculated for the meridian of
Staffordshire, but may serve for Derbyshire or
Kent.
London, Printed by and for W. O[nley], and are
to be sold by the booksellers. (1650–1702.)
1
15 . Morrow.
2
16 . be sung.
17 . mustards, braun: cf. b.
1

20 . gentlemen, yeomen: cf. b.

2

2
30 . Oh.
38 . be merry: cf. b.
4

40 . Go wanting: cf. b.
3

43 . good wanting: cf. b.

3

1
52 . the brought.
52 . them at the bride’s bed: cf. b.
2

b.
A proper new ballad of bold Robin Hood,
shewing his Birth, his Breeding, his Valour, etc.,
as above.
To a pleasant new northern tune.
Printed for I. Wright, I. Clarke, W. Thackeray,
and T. Passenger. (1670–86?)
1 , 6 , 29 , 33 . I for Ay.
2 3 1 3

2 . And, by mistake, for

1
In: in merry
Nottinghamshire.
3
3 . shoot.
4
4 . beat um.
3
5 . at that.
3
9 . Got on his.
13 . And wanting.
1

2
13 . drunk.
4
13 . at great.
1
15 . To-morrow.
2
15 . ith hall.
4
15 . y’are.
2
16 . be sung.
1
17 . mustard and braun.
4
17 . y’are.
18 . this for his.
1

4
19 . you both.
 2
20 . gentleman, yeoman.
21 . here wanting.
4

1
24 . Go and fetch my bow.
24 . and for or.
2

3
24 . ’tis.
26 . the for a.
4

4
27 . buskins.
3
28 . quiver of.
2
30 . O.
3
30 . him an.
4
30 . Tilbery.
3
34 . came.
3
38 . let us.
4
38 . be married.
3
40 . Go bid.
41 . Six for Eight: too too.
2

2
42 . beat um.
3
42 . slasht um.
4
42 . of the six.
 3
43 . good counsel.
3
45 . Rob.
1
46 . came in we.
1
51 . in sight.
51 . a for the.
4

1
52 . they.
2
52 . upon the bride’s head.
4
55 . sing um.
c.
Printed by and for Alex. Milbourn, at the
Stationers-Arms, in Green-Arbor-Court, in the
Little-Old-Baily. (1670–97.) Compared only here
and there.
1
9 . God wot his.
4
30 . Tilbury.
2
41 . Eight: too too.
4
42 . of the eight.
3
45 . Bob.
 150

ROBIN HOOD AND MAID MARIAN

Wood, 401, leaf 21 b.

Ritson, Robin Hood, 1795, II, 157, from Wood’s

copy. In none of the garlands.
The Earl of Huntington, alias Robin Hood, is forced
by fortune’s spite to part from his love Marian, and
take to the green wood. Marian dresses herself “like
a page,” and, armed with bow, sword, and buckler,
goes in quest of Robin. Both being disguised, neither
recognizes the other until they have had an hour at
swords, when Robin Hood, who has lost some blood,
calls to his antagonist to give over and join his band.
Marian knows his voice, and discovers herself. A
banquet follows, and Marian remains in the wood.
 Though Maid Marian and Robin Hood had perhaps
been paired in popular sports, no one thought of
putting more of her than her name into a ballad,
until one S. S. (so the broadside is signed) composed
this foolish ditty. The bare name of Maid Marian
4 4
occurs in No 145 A, 9 and in No 147, 1 .
Even in Barclay’s fourth eclogue, written not long
[119]
after 1500, where, according to Ritson, the
earliest notice of Maid Marian occurs, and where, he
says, “she is evidently connected with Robin Hood,”
the two are really kept distinct; for the lusty Codrus
in that eclogue wishes to hear “some mery fit of
Maide Marion, or els of Robin Hood.”
In Munday’s play of The Downfall of Robert Earl of
Huntington, Matilda, otherwise Marian, daughter to
Lord Lacy, accompanies Earl Robert to Sherwood,
upon his being outlawed for debt the very day of
their troth-plight. There she lives a spotless maiden,
awaiting the time when the outlawry shall be
repealed and Robin may legally take her to wife.
Neither the author of the play nor that of the ballad
was, so far as is known, repeating any popular
tradition.
The ordinary partner of Maid Marian is Friar Tuck,
not Robin Hood. There is no ground for supposing
that there ever were songs or tales about the Maid
and Friar, notwithstanding what is cursorily said by
one of the characters in Peele’s Edward I:
Why so, I see, my mates, of old
All were not lies that beldames told
Of Robin Hood and Little John,
Friar Tuck and Maid Marian.

ed. Dyce, I, 133.

Translated by Anastasius Grün, p. 72, Loève-

Veimars, p. 208.
1
A Bonny fine maid of a noble degree,
With a hey down down a down down
Maid Marian calld by name,
Did live in the North, of excellent worth,
For she was a gallant dame.

2
For favour and face, and beauty most rare,
Queen Hellen shee did excell;
For Marian then was praisd of all men
That did in the country dwell.

3
’Twas neither Rosamond nor Jane Shore,
Whose beauty was clear and bright,
That could surpass this country lass,
Beloved of lord and knight.

4
The Earl of Huntington, nobly born,
That came of noble blood,
To Marian went, with a good intent,
By the name of Robin Hood.

5
With kisses sweet their red lips meet,
For shee and the earl did agree;
In every place, they kindly imbrace,
With love and sweet unity.

6
But fortune bearing these lovers a spight,
That soon they were forced to part,
To the merry green wood then went Robin Hood,
With a sad and sorrowfull heart.
7
And Marian, poor soul, was troubled in mind,
For the absence of her friend;
With finger in eye, shee often did cry,
And his person did much comend.

8
Perplexed and vexed, and troubled in mind,
Shee drest her self like a page,
And ranged the wood to find Robin Hood,
The bravest of men in that age.

9
With quiver and bow, sword, buckler, and all,
Thus armed was Marian most bold,
Still wandering about to find Robin out,
Whose person was better then gold.

10
But Robin Hood, hee himself had disguisd,
And Marian was strangly attir’d,
That they provd foes, and so fell to blowes,
Whose vallour bold Robin admir’d.

11
They drew out their swords, and to cutting they went,
At least an hour or more,
That the blood ran apace from bold Robins face,
And Marian was wounded sore.

12
‘O hold thy hand, hold thy hand,’ said Robin Hood,
‘And thou shalt be one of my string,
To range in the wood with bold Robin Hood,
To hear the sweet nightingall sing.’

13
When Marian did hear the voice of her love,
Her self shee did quickly discover,
And with kisses sweet she did him greet,
Like to a most loyall lover.

14
When bold Robin Hood his Marian did see,
Good lord, what clipping was there!
With kind imbraces, and jobbing of faces,
Providing of gallant cheer.

15
For Little John took his bow in his hand,
And wandring in the wood,
To kill the deer, and make good chear,
For Marian and Robin Hood.

16
A stately banquet the[y] had full soon,
All in a shaded bower,
Where venison sweet they had to eat,
And were merry that present hour.

17
Great flaggons of wine were set on the board,
And merrily they drunk round
Their boules of sack, to strengthen the back,
Whilst their knees did touch the ground.

18
First Robin Hood began a health
To Marian his onely dear,
And his yeomen all, both comly and tall,
Did quickly bring up the rear.

19
For in a brave veine they tost off the[ir] bouls,
 Whilst thus they did remain,
And every cup, as they drunk up,
They filled with speed again.

20
At last they ended their merryment,
And went to walk in the wood,
Where Little John and Maid Marian
Attended on bold Robin Hood.

21
In sollid content together they livd,
With all their yeomen gay;
They livd by their hands, without any lands,
And so they did many a day.

22
But now to conclude, an end I will make
In time, as I think it good,
For the people that dwell in the North can tell
Of Marian and bold Robin Hood.

A Famous Battle between Robin Hood and Maid

Marian, declaring their Love, Life, and Liberty.
Tune, Robin Hood Reviv’d.
No printer: black-letter. S. S. at the end.
1
11 . out rheir.
1
19 . vente.
3
21 . there: wirhout.
 1
A MS. copy in Percy’s papers has in 16 he had,
1
and in 19 , in a brave venie they tost off their
bowles. It is barely possible that venie, which
Ritson prints, may be right.
 151

THE KING’S DISGUISE, AND FRIENDSHIP

WITH ROBIN HOOD

a. Robin Hood’s Garland, London, W. & C. Dicey, in

St Mary Aldermary Church Yard, Bow Lane,
Cheapside, n. d. (but not older than 1753), p. 76,
No 25. b. Robin Hood’s Garland, London, Printed
by L. How, in Peticoat Lane, n. d. c. ‘The King’s
Disguise and True Friendship with Robin Hood,’
London, Printed by L. How, in Petticoat Lane,
Douce Ballads, III, 113 b (not black letter). d.
Robin Hood’s Garland, London, R. Marshall, in
Aldermary Church-Yard, Bow-Lane, n. d., p. 80,
No 25.

Ritson, Robin Hood, 1795, II, 162, “from the

common collection of Aldermary Church Yard;”
Evans, Old Ballads, 1777, 1784, I, 218; Gutch, Robin
Hood, II, 281, Ritson’s copy “compared with one in
the York edition.”
The ballad is not found in a garland of 1749; but
this garland has only twenty-four pieces.
The story, as far as st. 38, is a loose paraphrase,
with omissions, of the seventh and eighth fits of the
Gest, and seems, like the two which here follow it,
“to have been written by some miserable retainer to
the press, merely to eke out the book; being, in fact,
a most contemptible performance:” Ritson.
1
12 may have been borrowed from Martin Parker’s
1
True Tale, No 154, 15 . By the clergyman who was
1
first Robin Hood’s bane, 29 , is meant the prior of
York, who in Munday’s play, The Downfall of Robert
Earl of Huntington, procures his outlawry. The forcing
of the sheriff to give the king a supper may be the
beggarly author’s own invention. The last two lines
are intended to serve as a link with Robin Hood and
the Valiant Knight, which, however, does not
immediately succeed in the garlands, Robin Hood
and the Golden Arrow being interposed.

Translated by Doenniges, p. 185; A. Grün, p. 159;

Loève-Veimars, p. 212.
1
King Richard hearing of the pranks
Of Robin Hood and his men,
He much admir’d, and more desir’d,
To see both him and them.

2
Then with a dozen of his lords
To Nottingham he rode;
When he came there, he made good cheer,
And took up his abode.

3
He having staid there some time,
But had no hopes to speed,
He and his lords, with [free] accord,
All put on monk’s weeds.

4
From Fountain-abby they did ride,
Down to Barnsdale;
Where Robin Hood preparëd stood
All company to assail.

5
The king was higher then the rest,
And Robin thought he had
An abbot been whom he did spleen;
To rob him he was glad.

6
He took the king’s horse by the head,
‘Abbot,’ says he, ‘abide;
I am bound to rue such knaves as you,
That live in pomp and pride.’

7
‘But we are messengers from the king,’
The king himself did say;
‘Near to this place his royal Grace
To speak with thee does stay.’

8
‘God save the king,’ said Robin Hood,
‘And all that wish him well;
He that does deny his sovereignty,
I wish he was in hell.’

9
‘O thyself thou curses,’ says the king,
‘For thou a traitor art:’
‘Nay, but that you are his messenger,
I swear you lie in heart.

10
‘For I never yet hurt any man
That honest is and true;
But those that give their minds to live
Upon other men’s due.

11
‘I never hurt the husbandman,
That use to till the ground;
Nor spill their blood that range the wood
To follow hawk or hound.

12
‘My chiefest spite to clergy is,
Who in these days bear a great sway;
With fryars and monks, with their fine sprunks,
I make my chiefest prey.

13
‘But I am very glad,’ says Robin Hood,
 ‘That I have met you here;
Come, before we end, you shall, my friend,
Taste of our green-wood cheer.’

14
The king did then marvel much,
And so did all his men;
They thought with fear, what kind of cheer
Robin would provide for them.

15
Robin took the king’s horse by the head,
And led him to the tent;
‘Thou would not be so usd,’ quoth he,
‘But that my king thee sent.

16
‘Nay, more than that,’ said Robin Hood,
‘For good king Richard’s sake,
If you had as much gold as ever I told,
I would not one penny take.’

17
Then Robin set his horn to his mouth,
And a loud blast he did blow,
Till a hundred and ten of Robin Hood’s men
Came marching all of a row.

18
And when they came bold Robin before,
Each man did bend his knee;
‘O,’ thought the king, ‘’tis a gallant thing,
And a seemly sight to see.’

19
Within himself the king did say,
These men of Robin Hood’s
More humble be than mine to me;
So the court may learn of the woods.

20
So then they all to dinner went,
Upon a carpet green;
Black, yellow, red, finely minglëd,
Most curious to be seen.

21
Venison and fowls were plenty there,
With fish out of the river:
King Richard swore, on sea or shore,
He neer was feasted better.

22
Then Robin takes a can of ale:
‘Come, let us now begin;
Come, every man shall have his can;
Here’s a health unto the king.’

23
The king himself drank to the king,
So round about it went;
Two barrels of ale, both stout and stale,
To pledge that health were spent.

24
And after that, a bowl of wine
In his hand took Robin Hood;
‘Until I die, I’ll drink wine,’ said he,
‘While I live in the green-wood.

25
‘Bend all your bows,’ said Robin Hood,
‘And with the grey goose wing
Such sport now shew as you would do
 In the presence of the king.’

26
They shewd such brave archery,
By cleaving sticks and wands,
That the king did say, Such men as they
Live not in many lands.

27
‘Well, Robin Hood,’ then says the king,
‘If I could thy pardon get,
To serve the king in every thing
Wouldst thou thy mind firm set?’

28
‘Yes, with all my heart,’ bold Robin said,
So they flung off their hoods;
To serve the king in every thing,
They swore they would spend their bloods.

29
‘For a clergyman was first my bane,
Which makes me hate them all;
But if you’ll be so kind to me,
Love them again I shall.’

30
The king no longer could forbear,
For he was movd with ruth;
[‘Robin,’ said he, ‘I now tell thee
The very naked truth.]

31
‘I am the king, thy sovereign king,
That appears before you all;’
When Robin see that it was he,
Strait then he down did fall.
32
‘Stand up again,’ then said the king,
‘I’ll thee thy pardon give;
Stand up, my friend; who can contend,
When I give leave to live?’

33
So they are all gone to Nottingham,
All shouting as they came;
But when the people them did see,
They thought the king was slain,

34
And for that cause the outlaws were come,
To rule all as they list;
And for to shun, which way to run
The people did not wist.

35
The plowman left the plow in the fields,
The smith ran from his shop;
Old folks also, that scarce could go,
Over their sticks did hop.

36
The king soon let them understand
He had been in the green wood,
And from that day, for evermore,
He’d forgiven Robin Hood.

37
When the people they did hear,
And the truth was known,
They all did sing, ‘God save the king!
Hang care, the town’s our own!’
38
‘What’s that Robin Hood?’ then said the sheriff;
‘That varlet I do hate;
Both me and mine he causd to dine,
And servd us all with one plate.’

39
‘Ho, ho,’ said Robin, ‘I know what you mean;
Come, take your gold again;
Be friends with me, and I with thee,
And so with every man.

40
‘Now, master sheriff, you are paid,
And since you are beginner,
As well as you give me my due;
For you neer paid for that dinner.

41
‘But if that it should please the king
So much your house to grace
To sup with you, for to speak true,
[I] know you neer was base.’

42
The sheriff could not [that] gain say,
For a trick was put upon him;
A supper was drest, the king was guest,
But he thought ’twould have undone him.

43
They are all gone to London court,
Robin Hood, with all his train;
He once was there a noble peer,
And now he’s there again.

44
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