AI and Machine Learning Paradigms for Health

Monitoring System: Intelligent Data Analytics

Hasmat Malik pdf download

https://textbookfull.com/product/ai-and-machine-learning-
paradigms-for-health-monitoring-system-intelligent-data-
analytics-hasmat-malik/

Download more ebook from https://textbookfull.com

We believe these products will be a great fit for you. Click
the link to download now, or visit textbookfull.com
to discover even more!

Machine Learning Paradigms: Advances in Learning

Analytics Maria Virvou

https://textbookfull.com/product/machine-learning-paradigms-
advances-in-learning-analytics-maria-virvou/

Machine Learning and Big Data Analytics Paradigms:

Analysis, Applications and Challenges Aboul Ella
Hassanien

https://textbookfull.com/product/machine-learning-and-big-data-
analytics-paradigms-analysis-applications-and-challenges-aboul-
ella-hassanien/

Machine Learning and AI for Healthcare: Big Data for

Improved Health Outcomes Arjun Panesar

https://textbookfull.com/product/machine-learning-and-ai-for-
healthcare-big-data-for-improved-health-outcomes-arjun-panesar/

Feature Engineering for Machine Learning and Data

Analytics First Edition Dong

https://textbookfull.com/product/feature-engineering-for-machine-
learning-and-data-analytics-first-edition-dong/
Metaheuristic and Evolutionary Computation: Algorithms
and Applications Hasmat Malik

https://textbookfull.com/product/metaheuristic-and-evolutionary-
computation-algorithms-and-applications-hasmat-malik/

Advanced Data Analytics Using Python: With Machine

Learning, Deep Learning and NLP Examples Mukhopadhyay

https://textbookfull.com/product/advanced-data-analytics-using-
python-with-machine-learning-deep-learning-and-nlp-examples-
mukhopadhyay/

Recent Developments in Machine Learning and Data

Analytics IC3 2018 Jugal Kalita

https://textbookfull.com/product/recent-developments-in-machine-
learning-and-data-analytics-ic3-2018-jugal-kalita/

Data Analytics for Intelligent Transportation Systems

Mashrur Chowdhury

https://textbookfull.com/product/data-analytics-for-intelligent-
transportation-systems-mashrur-chowdhury/

Machine Learning Q and AI: 30 Essential Questions and

Answers on Machine Learning and AI 1 / converted
Edition Sebastian Raschka

https://textbookfull.com/product/machine-learning-q-and-
ai-30-essential-questions-and-answers-on-machine-learning-and-
ai-1-converted-edition-sebastian-raschka/
Studies in Big Data 86

Hasmat Malik
Nuzhat Fatema
Jafar A. Alzubi Editors

AI and Machine
Learning Paradigms
for Health
Monitoring System
Intelligent Data Analytics
Studies in Big Data

Volume 86

Series Editor
Janusz Kacprzyk, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
The series “Studies in Big Data” (SBD) publishes new developments and advances
in the various areas of Big Data- quickly and with a high quality. The intent is to
cover the theory, research, development, and applications of Big Data, as embedded
in the fields of engineering, computer science, physics, economics and life sciences.
The books of the series refer to the analysis and understanding of large, complex,
and/or distributed data sets generated from recent digital sources coming from
sensors or other physical instruments as well as simulations, crowd sourcing, social
networks or other internet transactions, such as emails or video click streams and
other. The series contains monographs, lecture notes and edited volumes in Big
Data spanning the areas of computational intelligence including neural networks,
evolutionary computation, soft computing, fuzzy systems, as well as artificial
intelligence, data mining, modern statistics and Operations research, as well as
self-organizing systems. Of particular value to both the contributors and the
readership are the short publication timeframe and the world-wide distribution,
which enable both wide and rapid dissemination of research output.
The books of this series are reviewed in a single blind peer review process.
Indexed by zbMATH.

All books published in the series are submitted for consideration in Web of Science.

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11970

Hasmat Malik · Nuzhat Fatema · Jafar A. Alzubi
Editors

AI and Machine Learning

Paradigms for Health
Monitoring System
Intelligent Data Analytics
Editors
Hasmat Malik Nuzhat Fatema
National University of Singapore (NUS) Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA)
BEARS Kampung Gong Badak, Malaysia
Singapore, Singapore

Jafar A. Alzubi
Wake Forest University
Winston Salem, NC, USA

ISSN 2197-6503 ISSN 2197-6511 (electronic)

Studies in Big Data
ISBN 978-981-33-4411-2 ISBN 978-981-33-4412-9 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4412-9

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature
Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether
the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse
of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and
transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar
or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication
does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant
protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book
are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or
the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any
errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional
claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721,
Singapore
Preface

Data analytics helps businesses improve their performances. When it is implemented

in the business model of an organization, it can reduce costs by analyzing better way
of running business and storing a very large amount of data. Data analytic techniques
basically enable researchers to take raw data and discover patterns to bring out valu-
able insights from it. Data scientists and analysts are using data analytic techniques
in their research and businesses to take decisions. Data analysis is assisting organiza-
tions to better understand their customers, evaluate their ad campaigns, personalize
content, create content strategies and develop products. It can be said that businesses
are using data analytics to increase their business performance and improve their
bottom line.
Artificial intelligence and machine learning, data management, data mining and
predictive analytics are some of the technologies that make today’s data analytics
the most powerful strategy.
Machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) is the field of developing and
utilizing computer systems which can simulate human intelligence to perform
different tasks. Precisely, machine learning (ML) is a subset of AI that is signifi-
cant for data analytics and involves algorithms that can learn on its own. ML enables
applications to utilize data and analyze it to predict outcomes without knowing system
parameters to harness the useful information. Machine learning algorithm is being
trained on a small sample of data, and the system will continue to learn by its own
as it accumulates more data, turning into more accurate as time passes.
Big data analytics describes the large volume of data, maybe structured or unstruc-
tured data, which deals a business. It is essential to recognize how this data is being
utilized by different organization. Big data is being analyzed for insights that lead
to better decisions and strategic business improvements. Big data is creating new
growth opportunities and entirely new categories of companies that can combine
and analyze industry data. These organizations have plenty of information about the
various products and services, all buyers and suppliers, and consumer choices that can
be analyzed. Every organization uses data in its own way; the more efficiently an orga-
nization uses its data, the more it grows by cost saving, time reductions by taking fast
decisions, by understanding the market scenarios early and correctly, by controlling
reputation by receiving continuous feedback, by observing customer behavior and
v
vi Preface

loyalty and by solving advertisers’ problem and making to offer marketing insights.
Moreover, big data analytics is a major driver of innovations and product develop-
ment. Big data analytics is implemented in both public and private sectors, such as
advertising, education, health care, insurance, manufacturing or banking. Big data is
serving to deliver benefits in many surprising areas.
This book is comprised of 34 different chapters divided into three main parts
covering almost the entire domain of AI and machine learning paradigms for health
monitoring system, which covers intelligent data analytics.
• Brief Introduction of AI and Machine Learning (AIML) and Its Applications
• AIML Applications for Monitoring System in Health and Management
• AIML Applications for Monitoring System in Engineering and Automation
The first part reviews the brief introduction of AI and ML and its applica-
tions. This part represents the optimization solution for demand-side manage-
ment (DSM), insight tools and softwares used, security enhancement and moni-
toring of data-sensing network, cuckoo search algorithm, routing protocols and
particle-swarm-optimization-based applications.
The second part presents the applications of AIML for monitoring system in health
and management. This part represents the studies related to knee injuries, COVID-
19 and its past and future preventions, loyalty management of the customers, EEG
signal monitoring and traffic noise prediction.
The third part shows the applications of AIML for monitoring system in engi-
neering and automation. This section includes 22 studies, such as price forecasting,
economic load dispatch monitoring, EV charging planning, LPG leakage detection,
load monitoring, grid converter, energy storage, transformer FDD, PV monitoring
and control, MPPT, load frequency control, and design and monitoring of permanent
magnet BLDC motor.
Chapter “Optimization Solutions for Demand Side Management and Monitoring”
provides the optimization solutions for demand-side management (DSM) and moni-
toring, which includes reviews and discusses the framework of DSM on the basis
of modes and programs. Several residential DSM systems have been discussed with
categorization of loads and constraints.
Chapter “An Insight into Tool and Software Used in AI, Machine Learning
and Data Analytics” represents the insight information regarding tool and software
used in the areas of AI, ML and intelligent data analytics. This chapter shows the need
for and importance of the open access software. Authors survey the various kinds of
open-source tools available on the Internet to take up projects in this field. Besides
elucidating the application domains in which these analytics tools can be used, author
also validates the results using a case study performed to detect fraudulent transac-
tions. Moreover, authors review data analytics tools, libraries and software, what
they are typically used for, what points of interest and inconveniences they offer to
choose from them based on his convenience.
Chapter “Security Enhancement and Monitoring for Data Sensing Networks
Using a Novel Asymmetric Mirror-Key Data Encryption Method” presents security
enhancement and monitoring for data-sensing networks using a novel asymmetric
Preface vii

mirror-key data encryption method. This chapter proposes a semi-asymmetric mirror-

dual encryption approach. Here, the encrypted key is appended along with the data,
but even the intruder collects the data or the key; then, they cannot hack the key or the
data because of the mirroring cryptographic technique. This method is safer because
it does not transfer the actual data, nor the actual key for encryption. This technique
is secure than other symmetric key encryption because it is neither transmitting the
actual data nor the encryption actual key as in conventional methods.
Chapter “Introduction to Cuckoo Search and Its Paradigms: A Bibliographic
Survey and Recommendations” shows the introduction to cuckoo search and its
paradigms. This chapter includes a bibliographic survey and recommendations of
metaheuristic algorithms and its application for monitoring and control along with
its latest developments as well as recommendation for the applications in various
disciplines. The presented survey analyzes the algorithm search insight, its Lévy
flight strategy and search mechanism efficiency. Despite being capable of solving
various complex and multi-modal problems, the researcher further improves cuckoo
search algorithm performance due to its immature convergence.
Chapter “Routing Protocols for Internet of Vehicles: A Review” represents an
introduction of routing protocols for internet of vehicles for better insight information
about the modern vehicles that they should be able to commutate a tremendous
amount of data and information within their neighbourhood.
Chapter “Introduction to Particle Swarm Optimization and Its Paradigms: A Bibli-
ographic Survey” shows the introduction to particle swarm optimization (PSO) and its
paradigms. However, swarm stagnation and dynamic environments are still identified
as significant challenges for future development. With more than 10,000 contribu-
tions in the IEEE database alone, PSO seems to show no sign of slowing down even
after 25 years of the first appearance. This chapter enlists and discusses in brief the
major developments in PSO along with the area of successful application in a concise
form.
Chapter “Classification and Monitoring of Injuries Around Knee Using Radio-
graphs Based Deep Learning Algorithm” represents classification and monitoring of
injuries around knee using radiograph-based deep learning algorithm, which diag-
noses the various types of fractures around the knee. Bone, tibial plateau, tibial shaft,
fibula head, fibula shaft, patellae and femur distal end have been fed. Before feeding
these images to the deep learning algorithm, all the images were reoriented, rotated
and resized to a size of 600 × 300 pixels. These images are then populated to create
a dataset for each type of fracture. This chapter is novel in approach, and all types of
fractures around the knee are identified with the highest accuracy using the proposed
deep learning algorithm.
Chapters “Artificial Intelligence: It’s Role in Diagnosis and Monitoring Against
COVID-19” and “Predicting Future, Past and Misinterpreted COVID-19 Cases
Using Bidirectional LSTM Model for Proper Health Monitoring: Advances in Data
Analytics” present the application of AI in the current pandemic situation diagnosis.
This chapter shows the role of AI in diagnosis and monitoring against COVID-19. In
the chapter “Artificial Intelligence: It’s Role in Diagnosis and Monitoring Against
COVID-19”, authors aim to review the recent successes. Lastly, after introducing
viii Preface

different applications, author underlines the common problems and limitations of

the AI systems in COVID-19. In this short communication, authors discussed the
presence of AI to combat against the novel COVID-19 and its limitations. In the
chapter “Predicting Future, Past and Misinterpreted COVID-19 Cases Using Bidi-
rectional LSTM Model for Proper Health Monitoring: Advances in Data Analytics”,
predicting future, past and misinterpreted COVID-19 cases using bidirectional LSTM
model for proper health monitoring has been presented for the point of advances in
data analytics.
Chapter “Data Driven Analysis to Identify the Role of Relational Benefit in Devel-
oping Customer Loyalty and Management: A Case Study” represents the data-driven
analysis to identify the role of relational benefit in developing customer loyalty and
management. This is a case study from the industry. The purpose of this study was to
examine the relationship in between the relationship benefit and confidence-benefit
in developing customer loyalty.
Chapter “Interpretation of EEG Signals During Wrist Movement Using Multi-
-depth Wavelet Features for BCI Application” represents the interpretation of EEG
signals during wrist movement using multi-depth wavelet features for BCI appli-
cation. The proposed signal-processing approach investigates the effectiveness of
wavelet transforms in classifying different motion attributes using non-invasive MEG
recording for brain–computer interface applications.
Chapter “Validation of Road Traffic Noise Prediction Model CoRTN for Indian
Road and Traffic Conditions” shows the validation of road traffic noise predic-
tion model, CoRTN, for Indian road and traffic conditions. The standard deviation
between monitored and predicted level of noise before and after applying correc-
tion factor has been found to be in the range from 0.62 to 4.99 and 0.06 to 3.47,
respectively, which shows the high acceptability rate.
Chapter “Deep Learning and Statistical Based Daily Stock Price Forecasting
and Monitoring” represents the deep learning and statistical-based daily stock price
forecasting and monitoring. Generally, financial time series data is highly dynamic
in nature and makes it difficult to analyze through statistical methods. Recurrent
neural network (RNN)-based long short-term memory (LSTM) networks were able
to capture the patterns of the sequence data; meanwhile, statistical methods tried to
generalize by memorizing data instead of recognizing patterns. The experimental
results of this study show that LSTM networks outperformed traditional statistical
methods like ARIMA, MA and AR models.
Chapter “Intelligent Modelling of Renewable Energy Resources based Hybrid
Energy System for Sustainable Power Generation and Monitoring” represents the
intelligent modeling of renewable energy resource-based hybrid energy system for
sustainable power generation and monitoring. The present research focuses on the
optimal design and sizing of hybrid energy system based on renewable energy
resources, including solar photovoltaic (SPV), wind energy system, biomass and
biogas with battery to electrify the rural areas of India’s Haryana state. Different
models of hybrid energy systems have been chosen and optimized using different
intelligent approaches.
Preface ix

Chapter “Economic Load Dispatch Monitoring and Optimization for Emission

Control Using Flower Pollination Algorithm: A Case Study” proposes an economic
load dispatch monitoring and optimization for emission control using flower pollina-
tion algorithm. The electrical energy market has historically not been that complex,
and focus was put solely on optimizing the energy dispatch costs. Since last few years,
environmental pollution is the eye-catching issue, and government is making tough
regulations to control it. Reducing the toxic pollution generated by the operations
of thermal-based power generation plants becomes equally important. To overcome
these two main problems, author presented a study which comprises in a form of a
case study.
Chapter “Planning and Monitoring of EV Fast Charging Stations Including DG
in Distribution System Using Particle Swarm Optimization” presents the planning
and monitoring of EV fast-charging stations including DG in distribution system
using particle swarm optimization. This work presents an innovative method for the
optimal planning of charging stations with distributed generations (DGs) to establish
an efficient charging infrastructure by considering the novel parameters, such as
power losses, voltage, reliability and economic parameters in the proposed modified
radial distribution network of the study area. Moreover, proposed multi-objective
function is utilized for the optimal planning of DGs and the electric vehicle charging
stations considering the network performance parameters as objectives variables. In
this chapter, the case study for Durgapur, WB, India, is presented for a particular
network section in city center area with modified IEEE-33 bus radial distribution
system.
Chapter “IOT Based LPG Leakage Detection System with Prevention Compensa-
tion” shows the IoT-based LPG leakage detection system with prevention compensa-
tion. This chapter provides the strategy for security to all the people around the world
from LP gas leakage by equipping them with an economical and effective alarming
system which not only can detect this menace threat but also can automatically
control it by its safety line of action.
Chapter “Short-Term Scheduling of Hydrothermal Based on Teaching Learning
Optimization” presents short-term scheduling of hydrothermal based on teaching
learning optimization. This chapter proposes an optimization technique based on
teaching-learning (TLBO) for short-period scheduling of thermal and hydropower
generation systems known as short-term hydrothermal scheduling (STHTS).
Chapter “Simulation and Analysis of Rectifier Based Four Level Grid-Connected
Inverter Using Genetic Algorithm” presents a simulation and analysis of rectifier-
based four-level grid-connected inverter using genetic algorithm. In the present work,
four-level single-phase grid-connected converter is proposed and mathematically
analyzed. Grid power, power factor and line current THD are controlled by control-
ling the firing angle of switches. The GA is used to optimize the line current THD
in terms of switching angles.
Chapter “Vector Control of Dual 3-φ Induction Machine Based Flywheel Energy
Storage System Using Fuzzy Logic Controllers” presents the vector control of dual
3-φ induction-machine-based flywheel energy storage system using fuzzy logic
x Preface

controllers. This chapter proposes the exploitation of multi-phase machines’ reli-

ability features in FESS applications. The FLC ensures fast and smart vector control
that suits the nature of critical applications.
Chapter “Hotspot Detection in Distribution Transformers Using Thermal Imaging
and MATLAB” shows the condition monitoring of the power transformer. This
chapter includes the hotspot detection in distribution transformers using thermal
imaging and MATLAB.
Chapter “An Innovative Fuzzy Modeling Technique for Photovoltaic Power
Generation Farm’s Failure Modes and Effects Analysis” presents an innovative fuzzy
modeling technique for photovoltaic power generation farm’s failure modes and
effects analysis using FMEA model. The fuzzy-based FMEA approach improves
the reliability and performance of the system and overcomes the drawback of
conventional FMEA method.
Chapter “Analysis and Application of Nine Level Boost Inverter for Distributed
Solar PV System” describes the analysis and application of nine-level boost inverter
for distributed solar PV system. A nine-level multi-level topology based on the
switched-capacitor technique which is capable of boosting the output voltage to
twice the input voltage is presented for distributed solar PV system without using an
external balancing circuit as the topology.
Chapter “Performance Evaluation of a 500 kWp RoofTop Grid Interactive SPV
System at Integral University, Lucknow: A Feasible Study Under Adverse Weather
Condition” presents the performance evaluation of a 500 kwp rooftop grid-interactive
SPV system at Integral University Lucknow. This study has been performed under
adverse weather condition in every month of January for the last 3 years, because
maximum variation of temperature and insolation takes place.
Chapter “Fuzzy Logic Based Cycloconverter for Cement Mill Drives” shows the
fuzzy-logic-based cycloconverter for cement mill drives that has been developed.
The fuzzy logic controller is used to control the output of the converter. This chapter
shows how to get variable voltage and frequency to control the cement mill drives
with the help of a fuzzy-based controller.
Chapter “Comparative Control Study of CSTR Using Different Methodologies:
MRAC, IMC-PID, PSO-PID and Hybrid BBO-FF-PID” shows the comparative
control study of CSTR using different methodologies: MRAC, IMC-PID, PSO-
PID and hybrid BBO-FF-PID. This paper presents different control methodolo-
gies for CSTR, i.e., continuously stirred tank reactor. More broadly, two control
methodologies, i.e., model-based controllers and optimization-based controllers, are
used.
Chapter “Performance Analysis of Nine Level Packed E Cell Inverter for Different
Carrier Wave PWM Techniques” represents the performance analysis of nine-level
Packed E-Cell Inverter for different carrier-wave PWM techniques. Multi-level
inverter topology has been investigated.
Chapter “PSO Based Selective Harmonics Elimination Method for Improving
THD in Three-Phase Multi-level Inverter” investigates PSO-based selective
harmonic elimination method for improving THD in three-phase multi-level inverter.
A three-phase five-level MLI is proposed which involves a lesser number of switches
Preface xi

as compared with other topologies present in the literature. The proposed MLI
involves a single DC source and two capacitors along with ten switches.
Chapter “Optimized Controller Design for Fast Steering Mirror Based Laser
Beam Steering Applications” shows the optimized controller design for fast-steering-
mirror-based laser beam steering applications that has been developed. This chapter
presents the dynamic modeling and control configuration design of FSM in azimuth
direction. The ultimate objective of control configuration design is to obtain the faster
input command response and isolate the line-of-sight movement from any kind of
internal or external disturbances.
Chapter “Comparison of Metaheuristic and Conventional Algorithms
for Maximum Power Point Tracking of Solar PV Array” presents the compar-
ison of metaheuristic and conventional algorithms for maximum power point
tracking of solar PV array. In this chapter, the metaheuristic algorithms have been
used in order to track the maximum power among various available peaks. Also,
the comparison between different metaheuristic algorithms is done to show the best
algorithm for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) applications.
Similar to the above discussed chapter, the chapter “Artificial Neural Network
Based Maximum Power Point Tracking Method with the Improved Effective-
ness of Standalone Photovoltaic System” represents the artificial-neural-network-
based maximum power point tracking method with the improved effectiveness of
standalone photovoltaic system.
Chapter “Analysis on Various Optimization Technique Used for Load Frequency
Control” shows the analysis on various optimization techniques used for load
frequency control that has been developed. This chapter provides an overview of
the different LFC technique which is based on different controller.
Chapter “Optimal Design of Permanent Magnet Brushless DC (PMBLDC) Motor
Using PSO Algorithm” presents optimal design of permanent magnet brushless DC
(PMBLDC) motor using PSO algorithm. The motor characteristic has been expressed
as its geometrical functions. The optimal function is combination of its cost, losses
and volume. In this optimization procedure mainly four design variables (i.e., lsr :
axial length of stator/rotor, r ro : radius of rotor, lmag : thickness of magnet, and l wd :
thickness of winding) are being utilized.
Chapter “A Novel Lossless Image Cryptosystem for Binary Images Using Feed–
Forward Back-Propagation Neural Networks” represents the application of AIML for
lossless image cryptosystem for binary images for communication system monitoring
using feed-forward back-propagation neural networks. The proposed methodology
works by encrypting individual sets of binary values for enhanced security with no
loss in image quality. The presented approach yields more security than the existing
methods, which simply generate the cipher using neural networks by performing mix
operations on the plaintext.
Due to the simplicity of the intelligent data analytics methods and flexibility,
readers from any field of study can employ them for any type of problems. The book
shall serve as a viable source on how to design, adapt and evaluate the algorithms,
which would be beneficial for the readers interested in learning and developing
AI/ML algorithms for intelligent data analytics. The book will find adaptability
xii Preface

among researchers and practicing engineers alike. This single volume encompasses
a wide range of subject area with fundamental to advanced level information.
We thank all the contributors of this book for their valuable effort in producing
high-class literature for research community. We are sincerely thankful to the Intel-
ligent Prognostic Private Limited India (iPrognostic.com) to provide the all type of
technical and non-technical facilities, cooperation and support in each stage to make
this book in reality.
We wish to thank our colleagues and friends for their insight and helpful discussion
during the production of this edited book. We would like to highlight the contribu-
tion of Prof. Atif Iqbal, Qatar University at Doha; Prof. Sukumar Mishra, IIT Delhi
at India; Prof. Imtiaz Ashraf, Aligarh Muslim University, India; Prof. M. S. Jamil
Asghar, Aligarh Muslim University, India; Prof. Salman Hameed, Aligarh Muslim
University, India; Prof. A. H. Bhat, NIT Srinagar, India; Prof. Kouzou Abdellah,
Djelfa University, Algeria; Prof. Jaroslaw Guzinski, Gdansk University of Tech-
nology; Prof. Akhtar Kalam, Victoria University of Technology, Australia; Prof.
Mairaj Ud Din Mufti, NIT Srinagar, India; Prof. Y. R. Sood, NIT Hamirpur (HP),
India; Prof. A. P. Mittal, NSUT Delhi, India; Prof R. K. Jarial, NIT Hamirpur (HP),
India; Prof. Rajesh Kumar, GGSIPU, India; Prof. Anand Parey, IIT Indore, India;
and Prof Yogesh Pandya, PIEMR, Indore, India.
We would like to express our gratitude to our love and affection to our family
members for their intense feeling of deep affection.

Woodlands, Singapore/New Delhi, India Dr. Hasmat Malik

Woodlands, Singapore/UniSZA, Malaysia Dr. Nuzhat Fatema
Winston Salem, NC, USA Dr. Jafar A. Alzubi
Contents

Brief Introduction of AI and Machine Learning (AIML) and Its

Applications
Optimization Solutions for Demand Side Management
and Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Zeeshan Ali Shah, Azhar Ul-Haq, Rashid Alammari, Atif Iqbal,
and Marium Jalal
An Insight into Tool and Software Used in AI, Machine Learning
and Data Analytics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Ruchi Mittal, Shefali Arora, Pragya Kuchhal, and M. P. S. Bhatia
Security Enhancement and Monitoring for Data Sensing Networks
Using a Novel Asymmetric Mirror-Key Data Encryption Method . . . . . . 65
Linoy A. Tharakan, Sherly Daniel, and R. Dhanasekaran
Introduction to Cuckoo Search and Its Paradigms: A Bibliographic
Survey and Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Wahid Ali, Mohd Shariq Khan, Mashhood Hasan,
Mohammad Ehtisham Khan, Muhammad Abdul Qyyum,
Mohammad Obaid Qamar, and Moonyong Lee
Routing Protocols for Internet of Vehicles: A Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Farhana Ajaz, Mohd. Naseem, Gulfam Ahamad, Qamar Rayees Khan,
Sparsh Sharma, and Ehtesham Abbasi
Introduction to Particle Swarm Optimization and Its Paradigms:
A Bibliographic Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Mohd Shariq Khan, Wahid Ali, Muhammad Abdul Qyyum,
Khursheed B. Ansari, and Moonyong Lee

xiii
xiv Contents

AIML Applications for Monitoring System in Health and

Management
Classification and Monitoring of Injuries Around Knee Using
Radiograph-Based Deep Learning Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
C. V. Praharsha and Pullabhatla Srikanth
Artificial Intelligence: Its Role in Diagnosis and Monitoring
Against COVID-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Vinay Kumar Reddy Chimmula, Lei Zhang, and Abhinay Kumar
Predicting Future, Past, and Misinterpreted COVID-19 Cases
Using Bidirectional LSTM Model for Proper Health Monitoring:
Advances in Data Analytics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Abhinay Kumar
Data-Driven Analysis to Identify the Role of Relational Benefit
in Developing Customer Loyalty and Management: A Case Study . . . . . . 169
Asif Sanaullah
Interpretation of EEG Signals During Wrist Movement Using
Multi-resolution Wavelet Features for BCI Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Mohd Wahab, Abdulla Shahid, Nidal Rafiuddin, Omar Farooq,
and Yusuf Uzzaman Khan
Validation of Road Traffic Noise Prediction Model CoRTN
for Indian Road and Traffic Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Pervez Alam, Kafeel Ahmad, S. S. Afsar, and Nasim Akhtar

AIML Applications for Monitoring System in Engineering and

Automation
Deep Learning and Statistical-Based Daily Stock Price Forecasting
and Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Vinay Kumar Reddy Chimmula, Lei Zhang, Hasmat Malik,
and Amit Kumar Yadav
Intelligent Modelling of Renewable Energy Resources-Based
Hybrid Energy System for Sustainable Power Generation
and Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Priyanka Anand, Mohammad Rizwan, Sarabjeet Kaur Bath,
and Gulnar Perveen
Economic Load Dispatch Monitoring and Optimization
for Emission Control Using Flower Pollination Algorithm: A Case
Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Deepesh Mali, D. Saxena, and Rajeev Kumar Chauhan
Contents xv

Planning and Monitoring of EV Fast-Charging Stations Including

DG in Distribution System Using Particle Swarm Optimization . . . . . . . . 269
Dhiraj Kumar Singh and Aashish Kumar Bohre
IoT-Based LPG Leakage Detection System with Prevention
Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Mohammad Abas Malik, Magray Abrar Hassan, and Adnan Shafi
Short-Term Scheduling of Hydrothermal Based on Teaching–
Learning Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
Rajanish Kumar Kaushal and Tilak Thakur
Simulation and Analysis of Rectifier-Based Four-Level
Grid-Connected Inverter Using Genetic Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Anzar Ahmad, Mu Anas, Mohammad Zaid, Adil Sarwar, and Mohd Tariq
Vector Control of Dual 3-φ Induction Machine-Based Flywheel
Energy Storage System Using Fuzzy Logic Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Mohamed Daoud and Atif Iqbal
Hotspot Detection in Distribution Transformers Using Thermal
Imaging and MATLAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
Monika Sahu, Saurabh Ranjan Sharma, Rajesh Kumar, and Yog Raj Sood
An Innovative Fuzzy Modelling Technique for Photovoltaic Power
Generation Farm’s Failure Modes and Effects Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
Vivek Kumar Tripathi, Arush Singh, Atul Jaysing Patil, and Yog Raj Sood
Analysis and Application of Nine-Level Boost Inverter
for Distributed Solar PV System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Deepak Upadhyay, Shahbaz Ahmad Khan, Mohammad Ali,
Mohd Tariq, and Adil Sarwar
Performance Evaluation of a 500 kWp Rooftop Grid-Interactive
SPV System at Integral University, Lucknow: A Feasible Study
Under Adverse Weather Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
Ahmad Faiz Minai, T. Usmani, and Atif Iqbal
Fuzzy Logic-Based Cycloconverter for Cement Mill Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
Iram Akhtar and Sheeraz Kirmani
Comparative Control Study of CSTR Using Different
Methodologies: MRAC, IMC-PID, PSO-PID, and Hybrid
BBO-FF-PID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
Neha Khanduja and Bharat Bhushan
Performance Analysis of Nine-Level Packed E Cell Inverter
for Different Carrier Wave PWM Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Shahbaz Ahmad Khan, Deepak Upadhyay, Mohammad Ali,
Mohd Tariq, and Adil Sarwar
xvi Contents

PSO-Based Selective Harmonics Elimination Method

for Improving THD in Three-Phase Multi-level Inverter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
Nazia Rehman, Umme Aiman, Md Shahbaz Alam,
Mohd Rizwan Khalid, and Adil Sarwar
Optimized Controller Design for Fast Steering Mirror-Based
Laser Beam Steering Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
Himanshu Chaudhary, Shahida Khatoon, Ravindra Singh, and Ashish Pandey
Comparison of Metaheuristic and Conventional Algorithms
for Maximum Power Point Tracking of Solar PV Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
Mohammad Asfar Khan, Monaem Ibn Nasir, Syed Mohd Subhan,
and Imran Pervez
Artificial Neural Network-Based Maximum Power Point
Tracking Method with the Improved Effectiveness of Standalone
Photovoltaic System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
Asim Iqbal Khan, Rashid Ahmed Khan, Shoeb Azam Farooqui,
and Mohammad Sarfraz
Analysis on Various Optimization Technique Used for Load
Frequency Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471
Mohammed Asim, Archana Verma, and Ahmed Riyaz
Optimal Design of Permanent Magnet Brushless DC (PMBLDC)
Motor Using PSO Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
Raj Kumar and Md Nishat Anwar
A Novel Lossless Image Cryptosystem for Binary Images Using
Feed-Forward Back-Propagation Neural Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
Harsha Vardhan Sahoo, Sumitra Kisan, and Gargi Bhattacharjee
Editors and Contributors

About the Editors

Dr. Hasmat Malik (M’16) received Diploma in Electrical Engineering from

Aryabhatt Govt. Polytechnic Delhi, B.Tech. degree in electrical & electronics engi-
neering from the GGSIP University, Delhi, M.Tech degree in electrical engineering
from National Institute of Technology (NIT) Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, and Ph.D
in power system from Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Tech-
nology (IIT) Delhi, India. He is currently a Postdoctoral Scholar at BEARS, Univer-
sity Town, NUS Campus, Singapore. He is a chartered Engineer [IEI]. He is a Life
Member of Institute of Engineers (India) (IEI), Indian Society for Technical Educa-
tion (ISTE), Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering (IETE),
International Association of Engineers (IAENG), Hong Kong, International Society
for Research and Development, London (ISRD) and Member of the Institute of Elec-
trical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), USA and Mir Labs, Asia. He has published
more than 100 research articles, including papers in international journals, confer-
ences and book chapters. He is a Guest Editor of Special Issue of Journal of Intel-
ligent & Fuzzy Systems, 2018, 2020 (SCI, Impact Factor 2020:1.851), (IOS Press).
He received the POSOCO Power System Award (PPSA-2017) for his Ph.D work for
research and innovation in the area of power system. He has received best research
papers awards at IEEE INDICON-2015, and full registration fee award at IEEE
SSD-2012 (Germany). He has supervised 23 PG students. He is involved in several
large R&D projects. His principal area of research interests is artificial intelligence,
machine learning and big-data analytics for renewable energy, smart building &
automation, condition monitoring and online fault detection & diagnosis (FDD).

Dr. Nuzhat Fatema has 10 years of experience in intelligent data analytics using AI
& Machine learning for hospital and health care management. Dr. Fatema is the Co-
founder of the Intelligent Prognostic Private Limited. Dr Fatema speaks nationally
and internationally about the importance and power of data in hospital and healthcare
systems.

xvii
xviii Editors and Contributors

Dr. Fatema a BAMS graduated from Maharashtra University of Health Sciences,

India. She has cured many patients with her skills of medicinal knowledge. Later to go
beyond the clinical skills, she has achieved post-graduation in hospital management
from International Institute of Health Management Research (IIHMR), Delhi. This
was the platform where she has utilized her clinical skills with her managerial skills
using artificial intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML) and Data Analytics. She
has worked as a research associate at National Board of Examinations (NBE) India
and dealt with the accreditation process for post graduate courses in different multi-
specialty hospitals in the country. She has authored one book describing a trouble
free tool prepared by using different standardized manuals of medicines in different
countries for usage of the most complicated drug like Warfarin. She has published
several research papers in renowned international journals and conferences. Presently
she is associated with UniSZA, Malaysia.
Her area of interest is AI, ML and intelligent data analytics application in health-
care, monitoring, prediction, forecasting, detection & diagnosis where she believes
that it’s a data driven world with stockpile of database in the industry which is to be
used to extract value to make better informed, more accurate decisions in diagnosis,
management and better outcomes in industry care. Simply throwing the numbers by
analyzing any data has zero value; therefore she has produced narratives using data
for decision making. She has been doing research study by spotting patterns in data
and setting up infrastructure in the real-time industrial monitoring domain.

Jafar A. Alzubi is Associate Professor at Al-Balqa Applied University, School of

Engineering, Jordan. He received Ph.D. degree in Advanced Telecommunications
from Swansea University, Swansea, UK (2012), Master of Science degree (Hons.)
in Electrical and Computer Engineering from New York Institute of Technology,
New York, USA (2005), And Bachelor of Science degree (Hons.) in Electrical
Engineering, majoring in Electronics and Communications, from the University of
Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan (2001). Jafar works and researches
in multi- and interdisciplinary environment involving machine learning, classifica-
tions and detection of Web scams, the Internet of things, wireless sensor networks,
cryptography and using Algebraic–Geometric theory in channel coding for wireless
networks. As part of his research, he designed the first regular and first irregular
block turbo codes using Algebraic–Geometry codes and investigated their perfor-
mance across various computer and wireless networks. He managed and directed
few projects funded by the European Union. He has a cumulative research expe-
rience for over ten years, resulted in publishing more than forty papers in highly
impacted journals.
Currently, he is serving as Editor for IEEE Access Journal and wireless sensor
networks area Editor for Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer
Sciences. In addition, he is Editorial Board Member and Reviewer in many other
prestigious journals in computer engineering and science field. He also managed
several special issues in high impacted journals.
Editors and Contributors xix

Contributors

Ehtesham Abbasi Green Economics Institute, Reading, UK;

Sustainable Urban Development, Kellogg College University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
S. S. Afsar Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi,
India
Gulfam Ahamad Department of Computer Sciences, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah
University, Rajouri, Jammu & Kashmir, India
Anzar Ahmad Department of Electrical Engineering, AMU, Aligarh, UP, India
Kafeel Ahmad Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi,
India
Umme Aiman Electrical Engineering Department, Aligarh Muslim University,
Aligarh, India
Farhana Ajaz Department of Computer Sciences, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah
University, Rajouri, Jammu & Kashmir, India
Iram Akhtar Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering &
Technology, New Delhi, India
Nasim Akhtar CSIR, CRRI, New Delhi, India
Md Shahbaz Alam Electrical Engineering Department, Aligarh Muslim Univer-
sity, Aligarh, India
Pervez Alam Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi,
India
Rashid Alammari Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering,
Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
Mohammad Ali Department of Electrical Engineering, Z.H.C.E.T, Aligarh Muslim
University, Aligarh, India
Wahid Ali Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, College of Applied
Industrial Technology (CAIT), Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Priyanka Anand Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
B.P.S. Mahila Vishwavidyalaya, Sonipat, Haryana, India
Mu Anas Department of Electrical Engineering, AMU, Aligarh, UP, India
Khursheed B. Ansari Department of Chemical Engineering, Zakir Husain College
of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
Md Nishat Anwar Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of
Technology Patna, Patna, India
xx Editors and Contributors

Shefali Arora Department of Computer Science, NSUT, Delhi, India

Mohammed Asim Department of Electrical Engineering, Integral University,
Lucknow, India
Sarabjeet Kaur Bath Department of Electrical Engineering, Giani Zail Singh
Campus College of Engineering and Technology, Bathinda, Punjab, India
M. P. S. Bhatia Department of Computer Science, NSUT, Delhi, India
Gargi Bhattacharjee Information Technology, Veer Surendra Sai University of
Technology, Burla, Odisha, India
Bharat Bhushan Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India
Aashish Kumar Bohre Electrical Engineering Department, National Institute of
Technology (NIT) Durgapur, Durgapur, WB, India
Himanshu Chaudhary Department of Electrical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia
University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
Rajeev Kumar Chauhan Department of EN, IMS Engineering College, Ghazi-
abad, UP, India
Vinay Kumar Reddy Chimmula Electronics Systems Engineering, University of
Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
Sherly Daniel Mar Thoma College of Science and Technology, Kollam, Kerala,
India
Mohamed Daoud Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha,
Qatar
R. Dhanasekaran ECE, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, India
Omar Farooq Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
Shoeb Azam Farooqui Department of Electrical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim
University, Aligarh, India
Mashhood Hasan Department of Electrical Power Engineering Technology,
College of Applied Industrial Technology (CAIT), Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia
Magray Abrar Hassan Department of Electronics and Communication Engi-
neering, BGSB University, Rajouri, J&K, India
Atif Iqbal Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Qatar
University, Doha, Qatar;
Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
Marium Jalal Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan;
Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore College for Women University,
Lahore, Pakistan
Editors and Contributors xxi

Rajanish Kumar Kaushal EED, Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, India

Mohd Rizwan Khalid Electrical Engineering Department, Aligarh Muslim
University, Aligarh, India
Asim Iqbal Khan Department of Electrical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim Univer-
sity, Aligarh, India
Mohammad Asfar Khan Department of Electrical Engineering, ZHCET, Aligarh
Muslim University, Aligarh, India
Mohammad Ehtisham Khan Department of Chemical Engineering Technology,
College of Applied Industrial Technology (CAIT), Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia
Mohd Shariq Khan Department of Chemical Engineering, Dhofar University,
Salalah, Oman
Qamar Rayees Khan Department of Computer Sciences, Baba Ghulam Shah
Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu & Kashmir, India
Rashid Ahmed Khan Department of Electrical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim
University, Aligarh, India
Shahbaz Ahmad Khan Department of Electrical Engineering, Z.H.C.E.T, Aligarh
Muslim University, Aligarh, India
Neha Khanduja Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India
Shahida Khatoon Department of Electrical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia
University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
Sheeraz Kirmani Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering &
Technology, New Delhi, India
Sumitra Kisan Computer Science & Engineering, Veer Surendra Sai University of
Technology, Burla, Odisha, India
Pragya Kuchhal Department of Information Technology, NSUT, Delhi, India
Abhinay Kumar Electronics Engineering, Sreenidhi Institute of Science & Tech-
nology—SNIST, Hyderabad, India
Raj Kumar Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology
Patna, Patna, India
Rajesh Kumar Department of Electrical Engineering, NIT Hamirpur, Hamirpur,
HP, India
Amit Kumar Yadav Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology
(NIT), Sikkim, Ravangla, India
Moonyong Lee School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University,
Gyeongsan, South Korea
xxii Editors and Contributors

Deepesh Mali Department of Electrical Engineering, MNIT, Jaipur, Rajasthan,

India
Hasmat Malik Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi,
New Delhi, India
Mohammad Abas Malik Department of Electronics and Communication Engi-
neering, BGSB University, Rajouri, J&K, India
Ahmad Faiz Minai Integral University, Lucknow, India
Ruchi Mittal Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ganga Institute
of Technology and Management, Jhajjar, Haryana, India
Mohd. Naseem Department of Computer Sciences, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah
University, Rajouri, Jammu & Kashmir, India
Monaem Ibn Nasir Department of Electrical Engineering, ZHCET, Aligarh
Muslim University, Aligarh, India
Ashish Pandey Defence Research and Development Organization, New Delhi,
Delhi, India
Atul Jaysing Patil Department of Electrical Engineering, NIT Hamirpur,
Hamirpur, HP, India
Gulnar Perveen Defence Research and Development Organisation, Metcalfe
House Annexe, Delhi, India
Imran Pervez Department of Electrical Engineering, ZHCET, Aligarh Muslim
University, Aligarh, India
C. V. Praharsha Musculoskeletal Clinical Physiotherapist, Defence Research and
Development Organization, Secunderabad, India
Mohammad Obaid Qamar Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam Univer-
sity, Gyeongsan, South Korea
Muhammad Abdul Qyyum School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam Univer-
sity, Gyeongsan, South Korea
Nidal Rafiuddin Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
Nazia Rehman Electrical Engineering Department, Aligarh Muslim University,
Aligarh, India
Ahmed Riyaz Department of Electrical Engineering, BGSB University, Rajouri,
India
Mohammad Rizwan Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engi-
neering, Qassim University, Buraydah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia;
Department of Electrical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
Editors and Contributors xxiii

Harsha Vardhan Sahoo Computer Science & Engineering, Veer Surendra Sai
University of Technology, Burla, Odisha, India
Monika Sahu Department of Electrical Engineering, NIT Hamirpur, Hamirpur,
HP, India
Asif Sanaullah Department of Business Management, UNiSZA, Kuala Tereng-
ganu, Malaysia;
Department of Business Management, Karakoram International University, Gilgit-
Baltistan, Pakistan
Mohammad Sarfraz Department of Electrical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim
University, Aligarh, India
Adil Sarwar Department of Electrical Engineering, AMU, Aligarh, UP, India;
Department of Electrical Engineering, Z.H.C.E.T, Aligarh Muslim University,
Aligarh, India;
Electrical Engineering Department, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
D. Saxena Department of Electrical Engineering, MNIT, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Adnan Shafi Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, BGSB
University, Rajouri, J&K, India
Zeeshan Ali Shah Department of Electrical Engineering, College of E&ME,
National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Abdulla Shahid Mazaya Group, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Saurabh Ranjan Sharma Department of Electrical Engineering, NIT Hamirpur,
Hamirpur, HP, India
Sparsh Sharma Department of Computer Engineering, College of Engineering and
Technology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu & Kashmir,
India
Arush Singh Department of Electrical Engineering, NIT Hamirpur, Hamirpur, HP,
India
Dhiraj Kumar Singh Electrical Engineering Department, National Institute of
Technology (NIT) Durgapur, Durgapur, WB, India
Ravindra Singh Defence Research and Development Organization, New Delhi,
Delhi, India
Yog Raj Sood Department of Electrical Engineering, NIT Hamirpur, Hamirpur,
HP, India
Pullabhatla Srikanth Scientist D, DRDO, Defence Research and Development
Organization, Secunderabad, India
Syed Mohd Subhan Department of Electrical Engineering, ZHCET, Aligarh
Muslim University, Aligarh, India
xxiv Editors and Contributors

Mohd Tariq Department of Electrical Engineering, AMU, Aligarh, UP, India;

Department of Electrical Engineering, Z.H.C.E.T, Aligarh Muslim University,
Aligarh, India
Tilak Thakur EED, Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, India
Linoy A. Tharakan Mar Thoma Institute of Information Technology, Kollam,
Kerala, India
Vivek Kumar Tripathi Department of Electrical Engineering, NIT Hamirpur,
Hamirpur, HP, India
Azhar Ul-Haq Department of Electrical Engineering, College of E&ME, National
University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Deepak Upadhyay Department of Electrical Engineering, Z.H.C.E.T, Aligarh
Muslim University, Aligarh, India
T. Usmani Integral University, Lucknow, India
Yusuf Uzzaman Khan Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
Archana Verma Department of Electrical Engineering, Integral University,
Lucknow, India
Mohd Wahab Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
Mohammad Zaid Department of Electrical Engineering, AMU, Aligarh, UP, India
Lei Zhang Electronics Systems Engineering, University of Regina, Regina, SK,
Canada
Brief Introduction of AI and Machine
Learning (AIML) and Its Applications
Optimization Solutions for Demand Side
Management and Monitoring

Zeeshan Ali Shah, Azhar Ul-Haq, Rashid Alammari, Atif Iqbal,

and Marium Jalal

Abstract For the last couple of decades, power consumption has been growing
exponentially. The traditional power grids are experiencing various challenges such
as reliability and sustainability. Due to limited energy resources and budget with
increase in load demand, conventional energy management techniques are getting
failed. In this case, demand side management (DSM) technique is one of the best
solutions ensuring reliable and economical power flow. Demand side management
consists of the activities or technologies which are used on demand side to optimize
power consumption for achieving desired objectives including energy balancing and
cost reduction etc. This chapter reviews and discusses the framework of demand
side management on the basis of modes and programs. Demand side management
techniques are differentiated on the basis of their implementation and usage, which
has not been reported in the previous literature. Residential DSM system is dis-
cussed with categorization of loads and constraints. During the organization of the
chapter, different optimizing models are also reviewed for the implementation of
DSM programs.

Keywords Demand side management · Optimization solutions · Monitoring

Z. A. Shah · A. Ul-Haq (B)

Department of Electrical Engineering, College of E&ME, National University of Sciences
and Technology (NUST), Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
e-mail: [email protected]
R. Alammari · A. Iqbal
Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
M. Jalal
Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore College for Women University,
Lahore 54000, Pakistan

© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 3
H. Malik et al. (eds.), AI and Machine Learning Paradigms for Health
Monitoring System, Studies in Big Data 86,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4412-9_1
4 Z. A. Shah et al.

Nomenclature

Ec,TL Total energy consumption in a day

ςRa ,TL Energy consumed by regularly operated devices
ςSa ,TL Energy consumed by shift-able operated devices
ςεa ,TL Energy consumed by elastic operated devices
ρRTaL Cost per day of regularly operated devices
ρSTaL Cost per day of shift-able devices
ρεTaL Cost per day of elastic devices
ε Signal of electricity pricing
ζ ON-OFF states of devices
DSM Demand side management
SSM Supply side management
L.F. System’s load factor
P(i,j) Demand of load type i at time interval number j
N Total number of load demand types
J Total number of time intervals
PTO(j) The total demand for all the loads types from j = 1 to j = J over the
time interval number j
k The number of time interval at which the maximum demand occurs
for all the load types numbers from i = 1, N over all the time duration
from j = 1, J occurs
C Total cost of the electrical demand and energy consumption
ce(i,j) Energy cost for load type i at time interval number j
cd(i,j) Demand cost for load type i at time interval number j
Ra Regularly used devices
Sa Shiftable devices
εa Elastic appliances
DLC Direct load control
DSI Demand side integration
VSS Variable subscription service
ADS Active distribution systems
DR Demand response
PV Photovoltaic
RTO Regional transmission organization
ISO Independent system operator
Optimization Solutions for Demand Side Management and Monitoring 5

1 Introduction

In recent times, power consumption requirements are changing constantly. A modern

power system must be reliable with quality and must be environmentally friendly
to meet those requirements. Traditional power plants are being upgraded and are
converted into smart grids with the invention of smart devices and systems.
A simplified power supply chain is shown in Fig. 1. In first step, all power pro-
duction resources are either mined as in case of coal or collected as in case of gas,
oil, water. In second step, the resources collected or mined are purified or prepared
for energy generation stage. At third stage, power is generated through different
methods such as hydel, thermal or coal power plants. Then in next step, power is
transmitted from power station to substations through overhead cables. In next step,
power supply is distributed through distribution lines. Power distributed is supplied
to end-users for utilization in last stage.

Fig. 1 Power supply chain

 Another Random Document on
Scribd Without Any Related Topics
back
back
back
back
back
back
back
back
back
back
back
back
back
back
back
back
back
back
Welcome to our website – the ideal destination for book lovers and
knowledge seekers. With a mission to inspire endlessly, we offer a
vast collection of books, ranging from classic literary works to
specialized publications, self-development books, and children's
literature. Each book is a new journey of discovery, expanding
knowledge and enriching the soul of the reade

Our website is not just a platform for buying books, but a bridge
connecting readers to the timeless values of culture and wisdom. With
an elegant, user-friendly interface and an intelligent search system,
we are committed to providing a quick and convenient shopping
experience. Additionally, our special promotions and home delivery
services ensure that you save time and fully enjoy the joy of reading.

Let us accompany you on the journey of exploring knowledge and

personal growth!

textbookfull.com