Briquetting and Pelletization of Biomass: are two widely used methods for
converting loose biomass materials into compact, energy-dense forms, making them more
efficient for transportation, storage, and energy production. Both processes are integral to
biomass energy utilization and sustainability efforts.
Briquetting involves compressing biomass materials into larger, denser blocks called
briquettes. These are primarily used as solid fuel for heating or power generation. Raw
biomass such as agricultural residues, sawdust, or municipal waste is collected.
Materials are dried to reduce moisture content (10-15% is optimal). e biomass is ground
into smaller, uniform particles for better compression. A briquetting machine
compresses the material under high pressure. Heat generated during compression
activates lignin (a natural binder in biomass), binding the particles together without
external binders. Briquettes are cooled to harden and stabilize their structure. They are
packaged for transport or stored for later use.
Applications of Briquettes
1. Domestic heating (e.g., stoves and fireplaces).
2. Industrial boilers and power plants.
3. Rural cooking fuel in developing regions.
Advantages of Briquetting
1. Reduces waste by utilizing agricultural and forestry residues.
2. Produces a cleaner-burning fuel compared to raw biomass.
3. Reduces transportation and storage costs due to high density.
Pelletization of Biomass:
Pelletization involves converting finely ground biomass into small, uniform cylindrical
pellets. These are highly efficient for use in residential heating systems, industrial
boilers, and power plants. Biomass is collected and dried to a low moisture content (6-
10%). The material is ground into fine particles, ensuring uniformity. The biomass is
fed into a pellet mill, where it is compressed through a die with small cylindrical
openings. Heat generated during compression melts the lignin, which acts as a natural
binder, forming solid pellets. Pellets are cooled to harden and maintain structural
integrity. They are packaged in bags or bulk containers for transport and storage.
Applications of Pellets:
1. Residential pellet stoves and boilers.
2. Industrial heating and co-firing with coal.
3. Large-scale biomass power plants
Advantages of Pelletization:
1. Uniform size and shape allow for automated feeding systems.
2. Higher energy density than raw biomass or briquettes.
3. Lower moisture content ensures efficient combustion and reduced emissions.
