\\D-13\D:\Saras\New Rangoli Shikshak Darshika-06\Rangoli-6-Shikshak Darshika-indd (SGoyal)

f'k{kd&n£'kdk ,oa vH;kl&if=kdk

6
ysf[kdk,¡
xhrk cqn~f/jktk MkWú fla/q ehjpankuh
(,eú,ú] chú,Mú) (,eú,ú] ih&,púMhú)

U;w ljLorh gkml (bafM;k) izkúfyú

ubZ fnYyh&110002 (bafM;k)
Second Floor, MGM Tower, 19 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002 (India)
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Revised edition 2016

ISBN: 978-93-5199-816-7

Published by: New Saraswati House (India) Pvt. Ltd.

19 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002 (India)

The moral rights of the author has been asserted.

© Reserved with the Publishers

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Printed at: Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., Sahibabad (Uttar Pradesh)

This book is meant for educational and learning purposes. The author(s) of the book has/have
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author(s) has/have been unable to track any source and if any copyright has been inadvertently
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 vkeq[k
jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;kZ dh :ijs[kk esa ;g lq>ko fn;k x;k gS fd cPpksa dks LowQyh thou osQ lkFk&lkFk
vkl&ikl osQ ckgjh thou ls Hkh tksM+uk pkfg,A ;g fln~/kar iqLrdh; Kku dh ml ijaijk osQ foijhr
gS] ftlosQ izHkkoo'k gekjh f'k{kk&O;oLFkk vkt rd LowQy vkSj ?kj osQ chp varjky cuk, gq, gSA ubZ
jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;kZ ij vk/kfjr ikB~;Øe vkSj ml ikB~;Øe ij vk/kfjr gekjh ikB~;iqLrosaQ ,d uohu
izLrqfr gSa] tks cPpksa dks jVus dh izo`fRr osQ ?ksjs ls ckgj ys vk,¡xhA vk'kk gS] ;g iz;kl cky&osaQfnzr
O;oLFkk dks lkFkZd cukus esa liQy gksxkA
Hkk"kk dh ;ksX;rk vkSj dkS'ky osQ fy, pkj lksiku gSaµlquuk] cksyuk] i<+uk] fy[kukA lquuk vkSj
cksyuk rks cPpk ?kj esa jgdj gh lh[k ysrk gSA fon~;ky; esa mls i<+uk vkSj fy[kuk fl[kk;k tkrk gSA
;g dk;Z vè;kid@vè;kfidk djrs gSaA 'kqn~/ Hkk"kk vkSj orZuh lh[kuk rFkk fl[kkuk egRRoiw.kZ dk;Z gSA
cPpksa dh #fp rFkk LoHkko dks osaQnz esa j[kdj gekjk ,d iz;kl iqLrdh; Ük`a[kyk osQ :i esa vkiosQ le{k
gS] ftldk uke geus ^ubZ jaxksyh* j[kk gS] tks izosf'kdk ls ysdj vkBoha d{kk rd osQ fon~;kfFkZ;ksa osQ
fy, gSA gekjh bl dksf'k'k dks liQyrk rHkh feysxh] tc LowQyksa osQ izkpk;Z ,oa f'k{kdx.k cPpksa dks
fofHkUu jpukRed xfrfof/;ksa vkSj fØ;kdykiksa dh lgk;rk ls lh[kus dk ekSdk nsaxsA vHkh rd geus f'k{kk
osQ fofo/ lk/uksa ,oa Ïksrksa dh vuns[kh dj ikB~;iqLrd dks gh ijh{kk dk ,dek=k vk/kj cuk;k gSA
vk/qfudrk dh nkSM+ esa liQyrk rHkh feysxh tc ge cPpksa dks Lo;a lh[kus dk ekSdk nsaxsA
;g lgh gS fd fon~;ky; esa vuq'kklu dk ikyu djuk vfuok;Z gSA blosQ fy, le;&rkfydk dk
egRRoiw.kZ LFkku gS] ij ftu mn~ns';ksa dks osaQnz esa j[kdj ;g Ük`a[kyk fufeZr dh xbZ gS] mlosQ fy, nSfud
le;&lkfj.kh esa yphykiu ykuk ”k:jh gS] rkfd cPps NksVs&NksVs lewg dks cukdj okrkZyki rFkk vU;
xfrfof/;ksa dk dk;kZUo;u Lo;a dj losaQA
^ubZ ja xksyh* Ük`a[kyk dh i`"BHkwfe esa fufgr mn~ns'; dks cPpksa rd lgh <a x ls igq¡pkus osQ fy, f'k{kdksa
osQ fy, ^f'k{kd&nf'kZdk* dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k gSA vk'kk gS] Hkk"kk&f'k{k.k dh fn'kk esa fd;k x;k ;g
iz;kl mi;ksxh fln~/ gksxkA vuqHkoh f'k{kdksa rFkk fon~okuksa osQ lq>koksa dk Lokxr fd;k tk,xk] ftuls
Hkkoh la'kks/uksa esa enn feysxhA
µysf[kdk,¡

(iii)
 fo"k;&lwph
1- bruh 'kfDr gesa nsuk nkrk --------------------------------------------------------- 5
2- uhyw ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
3- xqysyck”k yM+dk ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 18
4- esjh fcfV;k jkuh ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 25
5- u;k losjk ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31
6- ea=k -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37
7- Kkku dh T;ksfr tyk,¡xs ------------------------------------------------------------ 43
8- iQyksa dh pkSiky ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 49
9- eksj dh dgkuh -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 56
10- dBiqryh ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 62
11- dkpw dh Vksih --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 68
12- izFke iz/kuea=kh % iaú tokgjyky usg: ----------------------------------- 74
13- eSa cht gw¡ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81
14- eryc dh nqfu;k ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 87
15- fe=krk ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 94
16- HkfDr&inkoyh --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 101
17- ghjs dh vkRedFkk --------------------------------------------------------------------- 107
18- varfj{k lwV esa canj ------------------------------------------------------------------ 114
(iv)
 1 bruh 'kfDr
gesa nsuk nkrk
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) dfo nkrk ls 'kfDr nsus dh ckr dj jgk gSA
([k) vkneh pkjksa vksj iSQys gq, ”kqYe vkSj csclh ls lgek gqvk gSA
(x) vKku dk v¡/sjk Kku dh jks'kuh ls nwj gks ldrk gSA
(?k) O;fDr dks cSj&Hkko Hkwy dj [kqf'k;k¡ ck¡Vuh pkfg,A
(Ä) dfo ekSr dk lkeuk [kq'kh ls djuk pkgrk gSA
fyf[kr
1- (d) D;ksafd pkjksa vksj vR;kpkj vkSj iki c<+rk fn[kkbZ ns jgk gSA gj O;fDr cscl vkSj lgek&lk
gSA ;fn ;gh ekgkSy jgk rks bZ'oj dh jpuk dk var gks tkus dk [krjk cuk gh jgsxkA
([k) cnys dh Hkkouk eu esa j[kus ls vkil esa oSj c<+rk gh tkrk gS] fj'rksa esa dM+okgV vk
tkrh gS vkSj v'kkafr dk okrkoj.k var esa ¯glk dks tUe nsrk gSA
(x) Hkyh ¯”knxh vFkkZr~ lq[k] 'kkafr] isze] d#.kk] vkSj ijksidkj dh Hkkouk ls vksr&izksr ¯”knxhA
2- (d) dfo bZ'oj ls izkFkZuk djrk gS fd ge vKkurk osQ v¡/sjs ls f?kjs gq, gSa] blfy, ekuork
osQ ekxZ dks NksM+dj ?k`.kk] ¯glk vkSj n~os"k osQ ekxZ ij c<+ jgs gSaA rw gesa Kku dh jks'kuh
ns rkfd leLr ekuo&tkfr dk dY;k.k gks losQA
([k) dfo dgrk gS fd /jrh ij iki c<+ x;k gSA u tkus ;s /jrh oSQls Fkeh gS vFkkZr~ /jrh
dk var fudV gSA ;fn ?k`.kk] ¯glk] n~os"k] lkaiznkf;drk rFkk izfrLi/kZ dks u jksdk x;k rks
var fuf'pr gSA blosQ fy, bZ'oj dh o`Qik vko';d gS rkfd ekuork] fo'o ca/qRo rFkk
fo'o 'kkafr dk lkezkT; LFkkfir gks losQA
ewY;ijd iz'u
cPps Lo;a vius&vius vuqHko ls mRrj nsaxsA
vkt fo'oHkj esa vkrad dk lk;k eaMjk jgk gSA lkaiznkf;d naxksa] ¯glk] n~os"k] izfrLi/kZ dh nkSM+
vkSj oSKkfud mUufr us fo'o dks fouk'k osQ dxkj ij [kM+k dj fn;k gSA vr% vkt izR;sd
euq"; osQ eu dks ikou djuk vkt osQ le; dh ek¡x gSA
5
mPpLrjh; iz'u
dfo pkgrk gS fd vkus okyk dy oSlk gh u gks tSlk dy xq”kjk gS vFkkZr~ tgk¡ oSj&Hkko] iki]
¯glk vkSj vfo'okl dh lRrk gks] cfYd /jrh LoxZ ls Hkh lqanj cu tk,A ;g i`Foh lq[k&le`n~f/
ls ifjiw.kZ gks tk,A lHkh dk eu ikou gks tk,A
lkekftd fgr loksZifj gS] D;ksafd O;fDrxr fgr O;fDr dks LokFkhZ cukrk gSA og osQoy vius
dY;k.k osQ ckjs esa lksprk gSA O;fDr vkReosQfUnzr cu tkrk gSA fdlh lekt ;k ns'k dh mUufr
mlosQ ukxfjdksa dh mUufr esa fufgr gksrh gSA lc c<+saxs rks ns'k c<+sxkA lcosQ dY;k.k dh Hkkouk
ls gh ekuo tkfr dk mRFkku laHko gSA O;fDr ls cM+k ifjokj] ifjokj ls cM+k lekt] lekt ls
cM+k ns'k vkSj ns'k ls cM+k fo'o gksrk gSA
orZeku ;qx esa vkilh HkkbZ&pkjs] lkSgknz]Z lkainz kf;d ln~Hkkouk] v¯glk] d#.kk vkSj xq# dh egRrk
tSls thou ewY;ksa dh deh ikrs gSAa izko`Qfrd laink osQ izfr Hkh laons u'khyrk de gksrh tk jgh gSA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) vfo'okl ([k) vkjaHk (x) cyoku (?k) Kku
(Ä) iq.; (p) vPNkbZ (N) nksLrh (t) mtkyk
2- (d) v $ t~ $ ×k $ vk $ u~ $ v ([k) v $ j~ $ i~ $ v $ .k~ $ v
(x) n~ $ m $ 'k~ $ e~ $ v $ u~ $ bZ (?k) u~ $ , $ o~Q $ v
(Ä) o~ $ b $ 'k~ $ o~ $ vk $ l~ $ v
3- d#.kk eerk csclh fo'okl vKku
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
cPps Lo;a viuh fiz; izkFkZuk osQ ckjs esa ppkZ djsaxsA
cPps Lo;a viuh ifjfLFkfr;ksa rFkk {kerk osQ vuqlkj ;kstuk cuk,¡xsA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
cPps Lo;a izkFkZuk xhrksa dk laxzg rS;kj djsaxs rFkk viuh dYiuk ls ,d izkFkZuk xhr fy[ksaxsA
vkb, oqQN djsa
gekjk vkus okyk dy eaxye; gksuk pkfg,] blosQ fy, geµ
(d) vius ns'k dks lkI+kQ&lqFkjk cuk,¡xsA
([k) lHkh osQ lkFk izseiwoZd O;ogkj djsaxsA
(x) lHkh /eks± dk lEeku djsaxsA
(?k) vuq'kklu dk ikyu djsaxsA
(Ä) deZohj cuus dk iz;Ru djsaxsA

6
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2 × 5 = 10

(d) dfo nkrk ls D;k ek¡x jgk gS\
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([k) dfo fdl jkLrs ij pyus ls cpuk pkgrk gS\

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(x) cSj dh Hkkouk dk D;k ifj.kke gksrk gS\

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) dfo osQ vuqlkj gesa D;k lksp&fopkj ugha djuk pkfg,\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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(Ä) dfo osQ vuqlkj izR;sd ekuo dk eu ikou dc gksxk\

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- izLrqr dfork esa uqDrs okys 'kCn vk, gSa_ tSlsµf”knxh] xq”kjs] rjI+kQ vkfnA
fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa esa mi;qDr LFkkuksa ij uqDrs dk iz;ksx dhft,µ 1 × 5 =5
(d) tksj µ ----------------------- ([k) dtZ µ -----------------------
(x) etcwj µ ----------------------- (?k) bLrhiQk µ -----------------------

(Ä) dkSe µ -----------------------

7
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- Kku] fo'okl vkSj ikou 'kCnksa esa ^v* milxZ yxkus ls 'kCn cusaxsµ vKku] vfo'okl
vkSj vikouA
blh izdkj ls ^v* milxZ ls ik¡p 'kCn cukb,µ 1 × 5 =5
------------------------ ------------------------ ------------------------
------------------------ ------------------------

2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks i;kZ;okph fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) v¡/sjk µ ---------------------------- ----------------------------
([k) ikou µ ---------------------------- ----------------------------

(x) iki µ ---------------------------- ----------------------------

(?k) /jrh µ ---------------------------- ----------------------------

(Ä) ekSr µ ---------------------------- ----------------------------

3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ 'kqn~/ :i fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) ,S'o;Z µ ----------------------------
([k) /uq'k µ ----------------------------

(x) jk"VhZ; µ ----------------------------

(?k) folokl µ ----------------------------

(Ä) ;X; µ ----------------------------

8
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ3
dYiuk 'kfDr ij vk/kfjr
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 10

1- ge Hkxoku ls izkFkZuk D;ksa djrs gSa\ izR;sd /eZ] ns'k vkSj dky esa izkFkZuk dk bruk
egRRo D;ksa gS\ 5
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2- vki vius eu dks nxqZ.kksa ls nwj djus osQ fy, fu;a=k.k esa fdl izdkj j[krs gSa\ 5
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9
 mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) dfo nkrk ls eu dh 'kfDr ek¡x jgk gS rkfd eu dk fo'okl de”kksj u gksA
([k)dfo cqjkbZ osQ jkLrs ij pyus ls cpuk pkgrk gSA
(x) cSj dh Hkkouk ls v¯glk] v'kkafr vkSj fj'rksa esa dM+okgV vkrh gSA
(?k)dfo osQ vuqlkj gesa ;g lkspus dh ctk; fd gesa D;k feyk gS] geus D;k ik;k gS] ;g
lkspuk pkfg, fd geus nwljksa dks D;k fn;k gS] ns'k o lekt dks D;k v£ir fd;k gSA
(Ä) tc bZ'oj dh d#.kk ls lc vksr&izksr gks tk,¡xs] rc izR;sd ekuo dk eu ikou gks tk,xkA
2- (d) ”kksj ([k) d”kZ (x) e”kcwj (?k) bLrhI+kQk (Ä) O+kQkSe

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- v/eZ vfMx vpy vukFk v[kaM
2- (d) va/dkj re ([k) ifo=k fueZy (x) v/eZ nq"o`QR;
(?k) i`Foh Hkwfe (Ä) e`R;q fu/u
3- (d) ,s'o;Z ([k) /uq"k (x) jk"Vªh; (?k) fo'okl (Ä) ;K


10
 2 uhyw
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) uhyw dh vk¡[kksa dk jax /wi esa rjy lqugyk yxrk FkkA
([k) og ml [kkn~; oLrq dks ns[krk rd ugha Fkk] mls [kkuk rks nwj dh ckr FkhA
(x) ywlh dh fe=krk ,d HkwfV;k oqQRrs osQ lkFk gks xbZ FkhA
(?k) ywlh osQ cPps dks dksey Åu vkSj v/cqus LosVj dh Mfy;k esa j[k fn;kA
(Ä) uhyw dh ek¡ vYlsf'k;u tkfr dh oqQfr;k FkhA
fyf[kr
1- (d) 'khrdky esa tc ioZrh; jkLrk cI+kZQ ls <d tkrk Fkk] rc yksx nqdku ls lkeku ykus esa
vleFkZ gks tkrs FksA ml fLFkfr esa yksx ywlh osQ xys esa #i, vkSj oLrqvksa dh lwph osQ
lkFk ,d FkSyk ck¡èkdj lkeku ykus osQ fy, nqdku ij Hkst nsrs FksA
([k) ydM+ cX?ksA mudk fiz; [kkn~; oqQRrs dks ekjdj [kkuk gSA
(x) uhyw osQ LoHkko esa fga ld izo`fRr fcyoqQy Hkh ugha FkhA pkSng o"kZ osQ thou esa mlus fdlh
Hkh i'kq&i{kh dks ugha ekjk FkkA mldk ;g LoHkko ns[kdj yksx vk'p;Zpfdr gks tkrs
FksA og LokfHkekuh FkkA mlosQ fiz;&ls&fiz; [kkn~; dks Hkh ;fn isaQddj fn;k tk,] rks og
mldh vksj ns[krk rd ugha FkkA
(?k) ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd oqQRrksa dh ekSr cgqr n;uh; rFkk ihM+knk;d gksrh gS] ysfdu uhyw
osQ la nHkZ esa ;g viokn gSA mls pkSng o"kks± dk thou feykA mldk var cgqr 'kkar <ax
ls gqvkA
2- (d) oqQRrs gekjh ckrphr dks èofu ls le>rs gSaA
([k) fon~;qr xfr ls nkSM+rk gqvk tkrk FkkA
(x) ^dksbZ dke ugha gS] tkvks* ysf[kdk tc rd ;g u dg nsrhaA
(?k) tSls fdlh Hkk"kk tkuus okys euq"; ls ckr dj jgh gaSA

11
ewY;ijd iz'u
ge tkuoj ikyuk pkgsaxs] D;ksafd ;s tkuoj gesa dbZ izdkj osQ ykHk igq¡pkrs gSaA xk;] cdjh] HkSal
gesa nw/ nsrh gSaA lkFk gh budk xkscj [kkn dk dke djrk gSA oqQRrk gekjs ?kj dh j{kk djrk gS
vkSj og cgqr oi+Qknkj gksrk gSA
ydM+h osQ vf/d iz;ksx osQ dkj.k taxyksa dh dVkbZ dh tkrh gSA taxyksa dh deh osQ dkj.k
taxyh tkuoj_ tSls gkFkh] phrk vkfn xk¡oksa esa ?kql tkrs gSaA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
oqQRrs Hkk"kk ugha tkurs] fiQj Hkh os vius Lokeh ;k vU; yksxksa dh ckrsa èofu ls igpkurs gSaA
tc uhyw ?kj osQ ckgj ?kwe jgk gksrk vkSj mlls ;g dgk tkrk fd ysf[kdk <w¡<+ jgh Fkha] rc
og rs”k xfr ls pkjnhokjh owQndj] muosQ lkeus tkdj [kM+ k gks tkrkA
cPps Lo;a djsaxsA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- milxZ ewy'kCn milxZ ewy'kCn
(d) l $ oqQ'ky ([k) nqj~ $ fnu
(x) v $ lkekU; (?k) vk $ gkj
(Ä) v $ dkj.k (p) l $ niZ
(N) v $ liQy (t) fuj~ $ fyIr
2- ewy'kCn izR;; ewy'kCn izR;;
(d) Hkwy $ vDdM+ ([k) rRij $ rk
(x) ioZr $ bZ; (?k) ijkt; $ br
(Ä) m".k $ rk (p) o`QrK $ rk
3- cPps ikB i<+dj Lo;a okD; fy[ksaxsA
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
gesa fuEufyf[kr ikyrw tkuoj vPNs yxrs gSaµ
1- xk;] 2- oqQRrk] 3- [kjxks'k
lfn;ksa ls oqQRrk gekjk ikyrw tkuoj jgk gSA esjs ikl Hkh ,d oqQRrk gS] ftldk uke VkWeh
gSA mldk jax li- sQn gSA tc Hkh eSa vkok”k nsrh gw¡] og nkSM+dj esjs ikl vkrk gSA I;kj ls
iqpdkjus ij og nqe fgykus yxrk gSA tc ge lHkh [ksyrs gSa] rks og Hkh gekjs lkFk [ksyrk
gSA ;fn [ksy osQ nkSjku ckWy (xsan) nwj pyh tkrh gS] rks og f[kykM+h dh rjg nkSM+dj ckWy

12
 ykdj gekjs gkFkksa esa nsrk gSA mldks geus bruk izf'kf{kr dj fn;k gS fd og gekjs vkns'kksa
dk ikyu rqjar djrk gSA fojks/h i{k dh ckjh vkus ij og nkSM+rk gh ugha] pqipki cSBdj
nkSM+rh gqbZ xsan dks ns[krk gSA gekjs lHkh lkFkh gels ukjk”k gksrs gSaA VkWeh osQ vglku osQ
dkj.k dHkh&dHkh rks gkjrs gq, Hkh ge thr tkrs gSaA mls oqQN [kkus dks fn;k tk,] rks og
fcuk ladksp [kk ysrk gSA esjk oi- Qknkj VkWeh rks ,slk gS fd tc eq>s eEeh&ikik ;k dksbZ vU;
lnL; Mk¡Vrs gSa] rks og esjk i{k ysdj eEeh&ikik osQ mQij Hkh HkkSadus yxrk gSA lp ckr rks
;g gS fd ge mlosQ fcuk ,d iy Hkh ugha jg ldrsA tc Hkh eSa LowQy tkrk gw¡] og cl
LVkWi rd esjs ihNs&ihNs vkrk gS] cl ij p<+us osQ ckn okil ?kj pyk tkrk gSA nksigj esa esjs
LowQy ls vkus ij eq>s ns[krs gh [kq'k gks tkrk gSA LowQy dk x`gdk;Z djus osQ ckn eSa VkWeh
dks ysdj [ksyus pyk tkrk gw¡A jkr osQ le; og ?kj dh igjsnkjh djrk gSA ljnh osQ dkj.k
eSa mls oaQcy ls <d nsrk gw¡A cSBus osQ fy, #bZ dh xn~nh nsrk gw¡] ysfdu drZO; ikyu osQ
fy, og xn~nh ij cSBrk gh ugha gSA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
cPps Lo;a djsaxsA

vkb, oqQN djsa

fcYyh] oqQRrk] xk;] lwvj] [kjxks'k] canj] pwgs vkfnA
ikyrw tkuoj ckgj ?kweus okys tkuoj
(i) lkI+kQ&lqFkjs gksrs gSaA (i) lkI+kQ&lqFkjs ugha gksrsA
(ii) ikSf"Vd vkgkj feyrk gSA (ii) owQM+k&djdV ;k xank [kkuk feyrk gSA
(iii) lq[k&lqfo/kvksa ls iw.kZ thou gksrk gSA (iii) b/j&m/j HkVdrs jgrs gSaA
(iv) chekj gksus ij mfpr bykt feyrk gSA (iv) vf/d le; jksxxzLr jgrs gSaA

oqQRrs dh nqe] /ksch dk oqQRrk u ?kj dk u ?kkV dkA

13
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2 × 5 = 10

(d) ywlh oSQlh fn[krh Fkh\ o.kZu dhft,A
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([k) ywlh dh e`R;q oSQls gqbZ\

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(x) uhyw esa D;k&D;k fo'ks"krk,¡ Fkha\

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(?k) uhyw dks U;weksfu;k oSQls gks x;k\

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(Ä) uhyw dks izR;sd fnu vLirky D;ksa ys tkuk iM+rk Fkk\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) ltx µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) LrC/rk µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) vkHkkl µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) ikjn'khZ µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) nsg µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

14
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks i;kZ;okph 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 =5

----------------------- -----------------------
(d) ioZr µ
----------------------- -----------------------
([k) ek¡ µ
----------------------- -----------------------
(x) i{kh µ
----------------------- -----------------------
(?k) /jrh µ
----------------------- -----------------------
(Ä) iSj µ

2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa esa ls milxZ rFkk ewy 'kCn vyx djosQ fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 =5
----------------------- -----------------------
(d) vfu;fer µ $
----------------------- -----------------------
([k) vukfn µ $
----------------------- -----------------------
(x) fufyZIr µ $
----------------------- -----------------------
(?k) vdkj.k µ $
----------------------- -----------------------
(Ä) vKku µ $

3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foykse 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) ¯gld µ ----------------------------
([k) uohu µ ----------------------------
(x) jksuk µ ----------------------------
(?k) tUe µ ----------------------------
(Ä) iw.kZ µ ----------------------------

15
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ3
dYiuk 'kfDr ij vk/kfjr
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 10

1- D;k vkius dHkh dksbZ tkuoj ikyk gS\ mlosQ lkFk vki oSQlk O;ogkj djrs Fks\ 5
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2- ;fn vki lM+d ij fdlh ?kk;y oqQRrs dks ns[ksa] rc vki D;k djsaxs\ fyf[k,A 5
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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16
 mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) ywlh cgqr lqanj fn[krh FkhA fgj.kh osQ leku osxorh] lk¡ps esa <yh gqbZ nsg] ftl ij dkyk
vkHkkl nsus okys Hkwjs&ihys jkse] cqn~f/eRrk ls Hkjiwj] dkyh vk¡[ksa] ltx [kM+s dku rFkk
jks,¡nkj yach iw¡N mldks jktlh fo'ks"krk nsrs FksA
([k) ywlh xk¡ookyksa dk lkeku ykus nqdku tkrh FkhA 'khrdky esa ?kzk.k'kfDr oqaQfBr gks tkus osQ
dkj.k og ydM+cX?kksa dh xa/ ugha lw¡?k ikbZA nqHkkZX;o'k og mudk f'kdkj cu xbZA bl
izdkj ywlh dh e`R;q gqbZA
(x) uhyw dh lcls cM+h fo'ks"krk Fkh fd og vius ekrk&firk dk cgqr lqanj feyk&tqyk Lo:i
FkkA vkÑfr dh fo'ks"krk osQ lkFk mlosQ cy vkSj LoHkko esa Hkh fo'ks"krk FkhA uhyw vyH;
niZ ls ;qDr oqQRrk FkkA [kkuk isaQddj nsus ij ;k f>M+d fn, tkus ij] fcuk euk, og
ysf[kdk osQ lkeus gh ugha tkrk FkkA
(?k) [kjxks'kksa dks fcYys ls cpkus osQ fy, uhyw jkr Hkj vksl esa Hkhxrk jgkA bl dkj.k ljnh
yxus ls mls U;weksfu;k gks x;kA
(Ä) ysf[kdk dks ,d ckj vLirky esa jguk iM+k FkkA uhyw dks izR;sd fnu ysf[kdk ls feyokus
vLirky ys tkuk iM+rk Fkk] vU;Fkk og vu'ku vkjaHk dj nsrk FkkA
2- (d) oqQRrk cgqr oI+kQknkj rFkk ltx tkuoj gksrk gSA
([k) iM+ksfl;ksa osQ 'kksj us jkr dh LrC/rk dks Hkax dj fn;kA
(x) uhyw osQ jgus ls ysf[kdk dks vosQysiu dk vkHkkl ugha gksrk FkkA
(?k) fcYyh dh vk¡[ksa oaQpksa dh rjg ikjn'khZ gksrh gSaA
(Ä) ywlh dh nsg cgqr nsj rd cI+kZQ esa nch jghA
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) fxfj 'kSy ([k) ekrk tuuh (x) [kx uHkpj
(?k) Hkw /jk (Ä) ik¡o pj.k
2- (d) v $ fu;fer ([k) vu~ $ vkfn (x) fuj~ $ fyIr
(?k) v $ dkj.k (Ä) v $ Kku
3- (d) v¯gld ([k) izkphu (x) g¡luk (?k) e`R;q (Ä) viw.kZ


17
 3 xqysyckT+k yM+dk
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) uaxs gkFk ls cjsZ dk Mad fudkydj fiQj mldh Vk¡x esa /kxk ck¡/dj irax dh rjg mM+kus dh
dksf'k'k djrk FkkA
([k) ?kksalyksa ls vaMs fudkydj mUgsa rksM+&iQksM+ nsrk FkkA
(x) nwljksa dks d"V igq¡pkus okys [ksy [ksyrk FkkA
(?k) ys[kd blfy, Mjus yxk] D;ksafd mls yxk fd cks/jkt ?kksalys rksM+&iQksM+dj fxjk,xk] vaMs rksM+sxk
vFkkZr viuk f?kukSuk f'kdkj [ksysxkA
(Ä) D;ksafd fdlh osQ Nw ysus ij i{kh vius cPpksa dks ugha viukrsA
(p) cks/jkt us dgkµ¶os Lo;a gh vius cPpksa dks <w¡<+ ysaxsA¸
fyf[kr
1- (d) xksg lk¡i tSlk ,d tkuoj gksrk gS] mlosQ vkB iats gksrs gSaA xksg dks pksj lnSo vius
ikl j[krs gSa] D;ksafd os nhokj iQk¡nus osQ fy, bldk bLrseky djrs gSaA nhokj dks iQk¡nus
ossQ fy, os xksg dh ,d Vk¡x esa jLlh ck¡èkdj nhokj osQ Åij dh vksj isaQdrs gSaA nhokj
osQ lkFk yxrs gh xksg vius iatksa ls nhokj dks bruh e”kcwrh ls idM+ ysrh gS fd jLlh
dks nl vkneh Hkh [khapsa] rc Hkh og nhokj dks ugha NksM+rh gSA pksj mlh jLlh osQ lgkjs
nhokj iQk¡n tkrs gSaA Åij igq¡pdj pksj mls nw/ fiykrs gSaA nw/ dks ihrs gh xksg osQ iats
<hys iM+ tkrs gSaA
([k) ys[kd dh ek¡ mls cks/jkt osQ lkFk ?kweus ls blfy, euk djrh Fkha] D;ksafd og mls jk{kl
dgrh FkhaA mUgsa Mj Fkk fd mudk csVk mlosQ lkFk jgdj ozwQj o dBksj u cu tk,A
(x) xksnke esa cgqr cncw Fkh vkSj I+kQ'kZ ij if{k;ksa osQ ia[k vkSj ^chV* fc[kjh gqbZ FkhA
(?k) ys[kd dks vViVk blfy, yxk] D;ksafd cks/jkt Lo;a gh ?kksalyk rksM+us osQ fy, xqysy
ysdj vk;k Fkk] ysfdu vc og phy ls cPpksa dh j{kk djus osQ fy, ogk¡ ls tkuk ugha
pkgrk FkkA

18
 (Ä) ekuo&eu esa tho&ek=k osQ izfr izse vkSj n;k dh Hkkouk dk gksuk vfuok;Z gSA
2- (d) (i) ([k) (ii) (x) (iii) (?k) (iv) (Ä) (iii)
ewY;ijd iz'u
lfpu esjk vPNk fe=k gSA ge nksuksa ,d gh d{kk esa i<+rs gSAa oSls rks lfpu i<+us esa cgqr gksf'k;kj
gS] lcdh enn djus osQ fy, lnSo rRij jgrk gSA mls vè;kid Hkh cgqr I;kj djrs gSa] ijarq
eq>s mldh dbZ vknrsa ilan ugha vkrhA og le; dk fcYkoqQy Hkh ikcan ugha gS rFkk viuk gj
dk;Z tYnckth esa o cM+h ykijokgh osQ lkFk djrk gSA eSa mls lq>ko nsuk pkgw¡xk fd og le;
dh dnz djsa] D;ksafd chrk gqvk le; dHkh okil ugha vkrkA eSa mls ;g Hkh dguk pkgw¡xk fd
og viuk dk;Z rlYyh ls djs] D;ksafd tYnckth esa fd;k gqvk dk;Z vDlj xyr gks tkrk gSA
c;k i{kh osQ lqanj ,oa lqjf{kr ?kksalys ls balku oQks ;g lh[k ysuh pkfg, fd gekjs n~okjk fd;k
x;k dksbZ Hkh dk;Z rHkh vPNk ekuk tk,xk] tc fd og O;ofLFkr gksxkA izk;% ns[kk tkrk gS
fd ge dk;Z dks djrs le; Hkwy tkrs gSa fd gesa bls osQoy iwjk gh ugha djuk pkfg,] cfYd
lqanj rjhosQ ls Hkh djuk pkfg,A gekjs dk;Z ,sls gksus pkfg, ftlls lHkh izsfjr gks losaQA ,slk
djus ls gekjs jpukRed dkS'ky dk fodkl gksxk vkSj ge viuh gh ugha] cfYd nwljksa dh Hkh
HkykbZ dj losaQxsA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
cPps Lo;a vius fopkj ls mRrj nsaxsA
cPps Lo;a vius lq>ko nsaxsA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) futokpd loZuke ([k) iz'uokpd loZuke (x) iq#"kokpd loZuke
(?k) vfu'p;okpd loZuke (Ä) fu'p;okpd loZuke (p) iq#"kokpd loZuke
(N) la ca/okpd loZuke (t) futokpd loZuke
orZuh ls lacaf/r
• ikB~;iqLrd esa blosQ ckjs esa tkudkjh nh xbZ gS] ftls cPps Lo;a i<+dj le> ldrs gSa] ijarq
f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk ,d ckj mUgsa Lo;a vo'; le>k,¡A
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
esjh ,d lgsyh dk uke mek xqIrk gS] og esjh d{kk esa i<+rh gSA og ges'kk pqi jgrh gSA lkjh
lgsfy;k¡ e”kkd&e”kkd esa mls xwx¡ h dgrh gS]a ysfdu og viuh gh nqfu;k esa [kksbZ jgrh gSA fdlh
ls dksbZ eryc ugha j[krh] [kkyh le; esa dksb&Z u&dksbZ fdrkc i<+rh jgrh gSA eq>s mldk ,d

19
 xq.k cgqr gh vPNk yxrk gSA tc Hkh dksbZ mlls i<+kbZ ls lacaf/r dfBu iz'u iwNrk gS] rks og
mldk gy ”k:j crkrh gSA lHkh vè;kid mls cgqr pkgrs gSa] og i<+us&fy[kus o LowQy dh
lHkh xfrfof/;ksa esa Hkkx ysrh gSA gj dk;Z esa izFke LFkku izkIr djrh gSA ;gk¡ rd fd nwljs
LowQy osQ lkFk [ksy&izfr;ksfxrk esa iwohZ ”kksu ls efgyk ,FkfyfVDl esa pquh xbZ gSA
laxhr lquuk mls cgqr fiz; gSA lcls cM+h ckr gS fd ?keaM mls Nw Hkh ugha ik;k gSA og lHkh
osQ lkFk uezrk ls is'k vkrh gSA og vius bu [kkl xq.kksa osQ dkj.k d{kk esa lcls vyx&vyx
fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA eq>s bl ckr ij uk”k gS fd og esjh I;kjh lgsyh gSA
cPps Lo;a tkudkjh ,d=k djosQ d{kk esa crk,¡xsA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
cPps Lo;a djsaxsA
gk¡] geus Hkh ,d rksrs dks ikyk gSA ge mls I;kj ls feV~Bw dgrs gSaA og gjh fepZ cM+s pko ls
[kkrk gSA og lqcg tYnh mB tkrk gSA tc ge pk; ihrs gSa] rks mldh dVksjh esa Hkh BaMh pk;
Mky nsrs gSaA ;fn mls dksbZ ph”k ugha nsrs rks og 'kksj epkus yxrk gSA ge jks”k oqQN nsj osQ fy,
mls ¯i”kjs ls ckgj fudkyrs gSa] ysfdu og mM+rk ugha gSA vkl&ikl ?kwerk jgrk gSA
og dHkh&dHkh euq"; dh cksyh Hkh cksyrk gSA ^jke&jke] dkSu gS] dkSu gS*µ;g okD; rHkh
cksyrk gS] tc dksbZ esgeku ?kj esa vkrk gSA og lHkh dk euksjatu djrk gSA
gesa mls ¯itjs esa can djuk fcyoqQy vPNk ugha yxrk] D;ksafd vius LokFkZ osQ fy, ge lHkh
us mldh vk”kknh Nhu yh gSA dHkh&dHkh eSa lksprh gw¡ fd ;g Hkh Lora=krk osQ lkFk vkdk'k esa
?kweuk&fiQjuk pkgrk gksxk] ysfdu tUe osQ ckn gh fiatjs esa oSQn djus o mlosQ ia[k dkV nsus
ls og mM+uk gh Hkwy x;kA etcwjh esa vkdj mlus Hkh ifjfLFkfr;ksa osQ lkFk le>kSrk dj fy;k
gSA blosQ vykok mlosQ ikl dksbZ pkjk Hkh ugha gSA
vkb, oqQN djsa
eSuk dk fp=k CySd cksMZ ij cukdj cPpksa dks mlosQ ckjs esa crk,¡A
fxn~/] pexknM+] phy bR;kfn i{kh ekalkgkjh if{k;ksa dh Js.kh esa vkrs gSaA jpukRed dk;Z cPps
Lo;a rS;kj djsaxsA
cPps Lo;a djsaxsA

20
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks i<+dj iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2 × 5 = 10

mUgha fnuksa esjs firk th dh rjDdh gqbZ vkSj ge yksx ,d cM+s ?kj esa tkdj jgus yxsA ogk¡ Hkh
cks/jkt vkus yxkA 'kk;n mls ekywe gks x;k fd ;gk¡ f'kdkj vPNk feysxk] D;ksafd ml iqjkus
?kj esa vkSj ?kj osQ vk¡xu esa vusd if{k;ksa osQ ?kksalys FksA ?kj osQ fiNys fgLls esa ,d cM+k xksnke
FkkA ;gk¡ ij dcwrjksa dk Msjk FkkA ogha ij VwVs jks'kunku osQ ikl ,d eSuk dk Hkh ?kksalyk FkkA
dejs osQ I+kQ'kZ ij ia[k vkSj VwVs vaMs vkSj ?kksalyksa osQ fruosQ fc[kjs jgrsA
(d) ys[kd dgk¡ rFkk D;ksa tkdj jgus yxk\
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([k) cks/jkt ogk¡ Hkh D;ksa vkus yxk\

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(x) iqjkus ?kj dk D;k gky Fkk\

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(?k) eSuk dk ?kksalyk dgk¡ fLFkr Fkk\

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(Ä) ^esjs firk* rFkk ^VwVs vaMs* µ ls fo'ks"k.k&fo'ks"; vyx dhft,A

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2- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa ls dkjd fpg~uksa dks vyx djosQ muosQ uke fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 = 5
dkjd fpg~u dkjd dk uke
(d) fujhg tkuojksa dks rax ugha djuk pkfg,A --------------------- ---------------------
([k) cks/jkt xqysy ls if{k;ksa dks ekjrk FkkA --------------------- ---------------------
(x) mUgha fnuksa esjs firk th dh rjDdh gqbZA --------------------- ---------------------
(?k) pksj nhokj iQk¡nus osQ fy, xksg dk bLrseky djrs gSaA --------------------- ---------------------
(Ä) xyh dh ukyh ij cjsZ vkdj cSBrs FksA --------------------- ---------------------

21
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa js[kkafdr inksa esa loZuke osQ Hksnksa osQ uke fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 =5
(d) ;g ?kj esjk gSA -------------------------------------

([k) tSlh djuh] oSlh HkjuhA -----------------------------------

(x) ckgj dksbZ [kM+h gSA -------------------------------------

(?k) vki dgk¡ ls vk, gSa\ ----------------------------------

(Ä) lcdks viuk dke Lo;a djuk pkfg,A -------------------------------------

2- fuEufyf[kr izkphu 'kCnksa osQ ekud :i fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) mBk;h µ -----------------------

([k) tk;saxs µ -----------------------
(x) iSQyk;s µ -----------------------
(?k) fo|ky; µ -----------------------
(Ä) 'kq¼ µ -----------------------

3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ opu cnydj fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) ys[kd µ -----------------------

([k) jLlh µ -----------------------
(x) nhokj µ -----------------------
(?k) es”k µ -----------------------
(Ä) frrfy;k¡ µ -----------------------

22
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ3
dYiuk 'kfDr ij vk/kfjr
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 10

1- lkekU;r% i{kh viuh lqj{kk osQ fy, ?kksl a ys cukrs gSAa ftu if{k;ksa dks fiatjs esa oSQn
djosQ j[kk tkrk gS] mudh euksO;Fkk dk o.kZu vius 'kCnksa esa dhft,A 5
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2- vkius dbZ ckj nwljs cPpksa dks if{k;ksa rFkk oqQRrs&fcfYy;ksa dks iRFkj ls ekjrs ns[kk
gksxkA D;k vki Hkh ,slk djrs gSa\ D;k ,slk djuk mfpr gS\ lkspdj fyf[k,A 5
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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23
 mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) ys[kd vius ifjokj osQ lkFk ,d cM+s ?kj esa tkdj jgus yxkA ys[kd osQ firk dh rjDdh
gqbZ Fkh] blfy, mudks jgus osQ fy, cM+k ?kj feyk FkkA
([k) cks/jkt ogk¡ Hkh blfy, vkus yxk] D;ksafd ys[kd osQ ?kj esa rFkk ?kj osQ vk¡xu esa vusd
if{k;ksa osQ ?kksalys FksA cks/jkt le> x;k Fkk fd ogk¡ mls vPNk f'kdkj feysxkA
(x) iqjkus ?kj dk gky cgqr vPNk ugha FkkA ogk¡ vk¡xu esa vusd if{k;ksa osQ ?kksalys FksA ?kj osQ
fiNys fgLls esa ,d xksnke Fkk] tgk¡ dcwrjksa dk Msjk Fkk rFkk VwVs jks'kunku osQ ikl Hkh eSuk
dk ?kksalyk FkkA dejs esa I+kQ'kZ ij ia[k rFkk VwVs vaMs fc[kjs jgrs FksA
(?k) eSuk dk ?kksalyk ?kj osQ VwVs jks'kunku osQ ikl cuk gqvk FkkA
(Ä) fo'ks"k.k fo'ks";
esjs firk
VwVs vaMs
2- (d) dks µ deZ dkjd
([k) ls µ dj.k dkjd
(x) dh µ laca/ dkjd
(?k) osQ fy, µ laiznku dkjd
(Ä) ij µ vf/dj.k dkjd

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) fu'p;okpd loZuke ([k) laca/okpd loZuke
(x) vfu'p;okpd loZuke (?k) iz'uokpd loZuke
(Ä) futokpd loZuke
2- (d) mBkbZ ([k) tk,¡xs (x) iSQyk, (?k) fon~;ky; (Ä) 'kqn~/
3- (d) ys[kdksa ([k) jfLl;k¡ (x) nhokjsa (?k) es”kksa (Ä) frryh


24
 4 esjh fcfV;k jkuh
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) lqHknzk oqQekjh pkSgkuA
([k) cpiu dh vksjA
(x) ekuo&thou osQ Lof.kZe dky osQ lekuA
(?k) cky&lqyHk lgtrk dks iznf'kZr djukA
fyf[kr
1- (d) dof;=kh vius cpiu dks cqyk jgh Fkh vkSj mudh csVh us mRrj fn;kA
([k) csVh ek¡ dks feV~Vh f[kykuk pkgrh FkhA
(x) csVh osQ cksyus ls dof;=kh dh oqQfV;k gjh&Hkjh gks xbZA
(?k) NksVh xqfM+;k feV~Vh [kkdj vkbZ FkhA
2- eSaus iwNkµ^;g D;k ykbZ*
cksy mBh ogµ^ek¡ dkvks!*
gqvk iziqQfYyr ân; [kq'kh ls
eSaus dgkµ^rqEgha [kkvks*AA
ewY;ijd iz'u
eSa vius ekrk&firk dh vkKk dk ikyu d:¡xhA eSa mudh gj ckr ekuw¡xhA eSa LowQy ls vkdj
igys vius LowQy dk dke d:¡xhA i<+kbZ osQ lkFk&lkFk eSa ?kj osQ vU; dk;ks± esa Hkh mudh
enn d:¡xhA vius NksVs HkkbZ dks i<+kÅ¡xh vkSj mls vius lkFk LowQy ys tkÅ¡xhA esjs ekrk&firk
vuq'kklu fiz; gSa] eSa gj dke le; ij muosQ funsZ'kkuqlkj d:¡xhA
cPps Lo;a vius&vius vuqHko ls mRrj nsaxsA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
cPps Lo;a vius fopkj crk,¡xsA
cPps Lo;a djsaxsA

25
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) yM+diu ([k) ckyiu (x) i'kqrk (?k) 'k=kqrk
(Ä) pksjh (p) izHkqrk
2- (d) BaMh ([k) dksey (x) gydh (?k) fpduh
(Ä) ehBh (p) dM+oh (N) lI+ksQn (t) eqyk;e
3- cPps Lo;a djsaxsA
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
feV~Vh dh lksa/h&lksa/h egd yM+dh dks vPNh yxh gksxh] mlus le>k gksxk fd ;g dksbZ [kkus
dh ph”k gS vkSj mlus feV~Vh [kk yh gksxhA
tc ge NksVs Fks] rks vius lax osQ nksLrksa osQ lkFk feV~Vh dks bdV~Bk dj ysrs FksA oqQN rks [kkrs
Fks] oqQN flj o diM+ksa ij fxjk ysrs Fks vkSj rks vkSj xqLls esa eqV~Bh Hkj dj vius lkFkh osQ flj
o vk¡[kksa esa Mky nsrs FksA ?kj vkus ij eEeh xqLlk gksrha] fiVkbZ rd dj nsrh Fkha vkSj dgrh Fkha
^^vHkh&vHkh rS;kj djosQ lki- Q&lqFkjh iks'kkd igukdj Hkstk FkkA ;g D;k dj Mkyk\** ysfdu
ikik vkSj nknh eq>s cpk Hkh ysrs FksA ?kj esa tks ph”k feyrh mls eSa >V ls eq¡g esa Mky ysrh]
pkgs dkyk puk] dPps pkoy vkSj cknke fNyosQ lfgr gh D;ksa u gksa] bUgsa ns[krs gh eq¡g ls
ykj Vidus yxrh FkhA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
µ tc cPpk rqrykdj cksyrk gSA
µ tc uUgs&uUgs dneksa ls pydj ek¡ osQ ikl vkrk gSA
µ tc og Lo;a [kkus dh dksf'k'k esa gkFk&iSj [kkn~;&inkFkks± ls Hkj ysrk gSA
µ tc og >wB&ewB jksus yxrk gSA
µ tc og vius f[kykSuksa ls ckrsa djrk gSA
cPps Lo;a fy[ksaxsA
vkb, oqQN djsa
pwgk fudyk] fcy ls ckgj
>iVh fcYyh T;ksa gh
Hkkxk rs”k fcy osQ vanj]
ns[krh jg xbZ] fcYyh jkuhA

26
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2 × 5 = 10

(d) ^esjh fcfV;k jkuh* dfork fdlosQ n~okjk fy[kh xbZ gS\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) bl dfork dk ewyHkko D;k gS\

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(x) ^uanu&ou&lh* dk D;k vFkZ gS rFkk bl miek dk iz;ksx fdlosQ fy, fd;k x;k gS\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) fcfV;k us viuh ek¡ ls D;k [kkus osQ fy, dgk\

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(Ä) fcfV;k dk o.kZu vius 'kCnksa esa dhft,A

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2- dfork dh fuEufyf[kr iafDr;ksa dks iwjk dhft,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) eSa cpiu dks cqyk jgh Fkhµ
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([k) ^ek¡ vks* dgdj cqyk jgh Fkh]

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(x) eSaus iwNkµ^;g D;k ykbZ*

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(?k) gqvk iziqQfYyr ân; [kq'kh ls]

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(Ä) uanu&ou&lh iwQy mBh ogµ

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27
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- uhps nh xbZ eat"w kk esa ls tkfrokpd rFkk Hkkookpd laKkvksa dks vyx&vyx dhft,µ
1 × 5 =5
cpiu] fcfV;k] ek¡] eerk] feV~Vh] [kq'kh] oqQfV;k] 'k=kqrk] i'kq] izHkqRo
tkfrokpd laKk Hkkookpd laKk
--------------------------- ---------------------------
--------------------------- ---------------------------
--------------------------- ---------------------------
--------------------------- ---------------------------
--------------------------- ---------------------------

2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk vius okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft,µ 1 × 5 =5

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(d) iwQy&lh µ
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) #bZ&lh µ
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) phrs&lk µ
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) gok&lh µ
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) pk¡n&lk µ
3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk muosQ foykse 'kCnksa osQ lkFk feyku dhft,µ 1 × 5 =5
(d) yM+dk (i) nq[k
([k) csVh (ii) vewrZ
(x) lq[k (iii) csVk
(?k) g¡luk (iv) yM+dh
(Ä) ewrZ (v) jksuk

28
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ3
dYiuk 'kfDr ij vk/kfjr
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 10

1- dbZ cPps cpiu esa feV~Vh] pkWd bR;kfn [kkrs gSaA vkiosQ fopkj ls os ,slk D;ksa
djrs gSa\ 5
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2- ^vcks/*] ^eklwe*] bu 'kCnksa osQ D;k vFkZ gSa\ cpiu dks Lof.kZe dky D;ksa dgk
x;k gS\ 5
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29
 mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) ^esjh fcfV;k jkuh* dfork izfln~/ dof;=kh lqJh ^lqHknzk oqQekjh pkSgku* n~okjk fy[kh xbZ
gSA
([k) bl dfork dk ewyHkko cky&lqyHk lgtrk dks iznf'kZr djuk gSA dof;=kh us bl dfork
osQ ekè;e ls lHkh osQ cpiu dks ewrZ :i fn;k gSA
(x) ^uanu&ou&lh* dk vFkZ gSµcgqr lqanj ou osQ lekuA bl miek dk iz;ksx dof;=kh us vius
?kj osQ fy, fd;k gSA
(?k) fcfV;k us viuh ehBh] rksryh Hkk"kk esa viuh ek¡ ls feV~Vh [kkus dks dgkA
(Ä) fcfV;k cpiu dh vcks/rk rFkk eklwfe;r ls Hkjiwj FkhA mlus ou osQ iwQy dh rjg ek¡ osQ
?kj dks ltk fn;k FkkA og feV~Vh [kkdj vkbZ Fkh] oqQN eq¡g esa rFkk oqQN gkFk esa Hkh fy,
gq, FkhA
2- (d) cksy mBh fcfV;k esjhA ([k) feV~Vh [kkdj vkbZ FkhA
(x) cksy mBh ogµ^ek¡ dkvks!* (?k) eSaus dgkµ^rqEgha [kkvks*AA
(Ä) NksVh&lh oqQfV;k esjhAA
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- tkfrokpd laKk Hkkookpd laKk
fcfV;k cpiu
ek¡ eerk
feV~Vh [kq'kh
oqQfV;k 'k=kqrk
i'kq izHkqRo
2- (d) fcfV;k jkuh iwQy&lh dksey FkhA
([k) uhyw cpiu esa #bZ&lh fn[krh FkhA
(x) psrd nkSM+us esa phrs&lk rs”k FkkA
(?k) esjs fe=k esa gok&lh iqQrhZ gSA
(Ä) viuh iz'kalk lqudj jf'e dk pk¡n&lk eq[kM+k ped mBkA
3- (d) (iv) ([k) (iii) (x) (i) (?k) (v) (Ä) (ii)


30
 5 u;k losjk
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) vkdk'kok.kh fnYyh ls jsfM;ks ij lacksf/r dj jgs FksA
([k) euksgj us tt cuus dh bPNk izdV dhA
(x) euksgj vkSj yfyrk us foV~By nknk osQ ;gk¡ larjs [kkus dh ;kstuk cukbZ] D;ksfa d os ogk¡ jks”k tkrs FksA
(?k) pus
(Ä) fiLrkSy
fyf[kr
1- (d) Hkk"k.k lqu euksgj us cM+s gksdj tt vkSj yfyrk us iqfyl baLisDVj cuus dk iSQlyk fd;kA
([k) euksgj us lius esa ns[kk fd og ns'k dks viuh gFksyh ij mBkdj gok esa mM+rk tk jgk
gSA fiQj og vnkyr esa tt cudj ,d [kwuh dk osQl lqu jgk gSA
(x) jkLrs esa euksgj o yfyrk us ns[kk fd ,d dkj okys us pus cspus okys yM+osQ dks cpkus
dh dksf'k'k esa vpkud czsd yxk nhA Hk; osQ dkj.k yM+osQ osQ Fkky ls pus lM+d ij
fxj x, gSa vkSj og jks jgk gSA
(?k) euksgj us I+kSQlyk fd;k fd dkj okyk ckyd dks nl #i;s pus dh dher ns] ik¡p #i;s
nw/ ihdj LoLFk gksus osQ ns vkSj dkj rs”kh ls pykus osQ dkj.k vc iSny ikB'kkyk rd
pys vkSj ogk¡ cky&lHkk dk tylk ns[ksA
(Ä) vijk/h tfLVl fnokdj FksA os LowQy dh cky lHkk esa lHkkifr cuus tk jgs FksA
2- (d) (ii) ([k) (iv) (x) (i) (?k) (ii) (Ä) (ii)
ewY;ijd iz'u
pus cspus okyk ckyd NksVh mez dk FkkA mls pus u cspdj LowQy i<+us tkuk pkfg,A
cPps Lo;a vius fopkj fy[ksaxsA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
cPpksa ij fdrkcksa ls i<+h dgkfu;ksa] vius ifjokj osQ lnL;ksa] vius vè;kdx.kksa] vius vklikl
?kV jgh ?kVukvksa vkfn dk xgjk izHkko iM+rk gSA
cPps gh cM+s gksdj ns'k dk Hkfo"; cukrs gSaA ;qok ih<+h gh ns'k dk fuekZ.k djrh gSA
31
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- lq[kiwoZd fo'okliwoZd mn~ns';iwoZd oqQ'kyrkiwoZd è;kuiwoZd
2- 'ksiQkyh cksy&cksydj ikB ;kn djus yxhA vfer #d&#ddj pyus yxkA
cPpk jksrs&jksrs lks x;kA tksdj Bqed&Bqeddj mNyus yxkA
ek¡ us Mjrs&Mjrs ijh{kk ifj.kke iwNkA
2- (d) ok£"kdksRlo ([k) ohjksfpr (x) jksxksipkj (?k) yksdksipkj
(Ä) fookgksRlo (p) panzksn;
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
eSa usrk cuus dh izfrKk djrk] D;ksafd usrk osQ ikl cgqr vf/dkj gksrs gSaA og pkgs rks lekt
esa cnyko yk ldrk gSA ns'k osQ mRFkku osQ fy, ubZ ;kstuk,¡ cuk ldrk gSA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
;fn tfLVl fnokdj euksgj vkSj yfyrk dh ckrsa lqudj ozQksf/r gks tkrs rks os dkj ls mrjdj
mUgsa vo'; Mk¡VrsA pus okys cPps osQ uqdlku dh HkjikbZ Hkh u djrsA blosQ vykok os tc
LowQy igq¡prs rks cPpksa osQ lkeus yTtk dk vuqHko djrsA
¶cPpks! vkt rqels vius eu dh ckr djus dk ekSdk feyk gS] blfy, eq>s cgqr gh [kq'kh gks
jgh gSA eq>s rqe yksxksa ls cgqr mEehnsa gSaA esjs liuksa dks iwjk djus esa rqe esjk lkFk ns ldrs gksA
^LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku* dks liQy cukus esa rqe esjk gkFk cVkvksA i;kZoj.k dks iznw"k.k jfgr cukus
osQ fy, vius tUefnu ij ,d isM+ vo'; yxkvksA fctyh vkSj ikuh dh cjcknh dks jksdus osQ
fy, rqe uUgs flikgh cu tkvks-----A¸
vkb, oqQN djsa
tokgjyky usg: µ 1947&1964
yky cgknqj 'kkL=kh µ 1964&1966
xqy”kkjhyky uank µ 1966 (ebZ) & 1966 (twu)
eksjkjth nslkbZ µ 1977&1979
pj.k ¯lg µ 1979&1980
bafnjk xka/h µ 1980&1984
jktho xka/h µ 1984&1989
ohúihú ¯lg µ 1989&1990
panz'ks[kj µ 1990&1991
ihúohú uj¯lg jko µ 1991&1996
,púMhú nsoxksMk µ 1996&1997
vkbZúosQú xqtjky µ 1997&1998
vVy fcgkjh oktis;h µ 1998&2004
MkWú eueksgu ¯lg µ 2004&2014
ujsanz eksnh µ 2014&vc rd
32
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2 × 5 = 10

(d) euksgj vkSj yfyrk oqQ£l;ksa ij D;ksa [kM+s gks x,\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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([k) yfyrk us euksgj dks fxjÝ+rkj djus dh ckr dc dh\
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(x) yfyrk us lius esa D;k ns[kk\
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(?k) lqcg mBus ij euksgj vkSj yfyrk dks losjk oSQlk yxk\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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(Ä) euksgj us tt cudj dkj okys osQ vijk/ dh D;k l”kk lqukbZ\
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2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa ls okD; cukb,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) {kek µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) Hkfo"; µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) vfHk;ksx µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) izHkkfor µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) dk;ZozQe µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

33
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foykse fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) m¡Qpk µ ---------------------------
([k) mUufr µ ---------------------------
(x) U;k; µ ---------------------------
(?k) laHko µ ---------------------------
(Ä) cyoku µ ---------------------------

2- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa ls fo'ks"k.k&fo'ks"; Nk¡Vdj fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 =5

fo'ks"k.k fo'ks";
(d) dy dk losjk ,d u;k losjk gksxkA ---------------------- ----------------------
([k) rhu ?kaVksa esa cgqr oqQN fd;k tk ldrk gSA ---------------------- ----------------------
(x) nl #i;s bls vnk djsaA ---------------------- ----------------------
(?k) yfyrk us dBksj Loj esa dgkA ---------------------- ----------------------

(Ä) ,d eksVh vkok”k us dguk 'kq: fd;kA ---------------------- ----------------------

3- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa mfpr fojke fpg~u yxkb,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) vc iaú tokgjyky usg: th ckydksa osQ lIrkg osQ miy{; esa ns'k osQ ckydksa dks
lacksf/r djsaxs
([k) euksgj cksyk eSa tt cuw¡xk
(x) rqe Mjrs D;ksa gks
(?k) lk<+s lkr cts rd og ugk /ksdj rS;kj gks x,
(Ä) okg cgqr vPNs yx jgs gks

34
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ3
dYiuk 'kfDr ij vk/kfjr
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 10

1- euksgj vkSj yfyrk dks ns[kdj tfLVl fnokdj dks ,slk D;ksa yxrk gS fd ,sls cPpksa
ls gh Hkkjr esa u;k losjk vk,xk\ 5
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2- cPps iaú tokgjyky usg: th dks ^pkpk* D;ksa dgrs Fks\ os cPpksa osQ brus fiz; D;ksa
Fks\ bl fo"k; esa tkudkjh ,d=k dj fyf[k,A 5
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35
 mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) jsfM;ks nhokj esa cus rkd ij j[kk Fkk vkSj dkI+kQh m¡Qpk FkkA os jsfM;ks ij vkus okys izèkkuea=kh
osQ Hkk"k.k dks lquuk pkgrs FksA
([k) yfyrk dk dguk Fkk fd ;fn dHkh mlus euksgj dh pksjh idM+h] rks og mls Hkh fxjÝ+rkj
dj ysxhA
(x) yfyrk us lius esa ns[kk fd ,d txg xk¡o osQ yksx mlls Mj jgs gSa vkSj og mUgsa u Mjus
dh ckr le>k jgh gSA
(?k) lqcg mBus ij euksgj vkSj yfyrk dks gok] isM+] iRrs lc u, yxsA lw;Z dh fdj.kksa dk
lqugykiu] iafN;ksa osQ jkx esa ,d ubZ y; yxhA
(Ä) euksgj us dkj okys dks yM+osQ dks Mjkus vkSj pus fxjkus osQ fy, ianzg #i;s yM+osQ dks vnk
djus dh l”kk lqukbZ vkSj lkFk gh iSny ikB'kkyk rd pydj ckylHkk dk tylk ns[kus
osQ fy, Hkh dgkA
2- (d) lsB th us e”knwj dk vijk/ {kek dj fn;kA
([k) Hkkjr dk Hkfo"; mTToy gSA
(x) iqfyl us vfer dks pksjh osQ vfHk;ksx esa fxjÝ+rkj dj fy;kA
(?k) vè;kfidk us jk/k osQ cuk, fp=k ls izHkkfor gksdj mls 'kkck'kh nhA
(Ä) o"kkZ osQ dkj.k vkt dk dk;ZozQe jn~n djuk iM+kA
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) uhpk ([k) voufr (x) vU;k; (?k) vlaHko (Ä) de”kksj
2- fo'ks"k.k fo'ks";
(d) u;k losjk
([k) rhu ?kaVksa
(x) nl #i;s
(?k) dBksj Loj
(Ä) eksVh vkok”k
3- (d) vc iaú tokgjyky usg: th ^ckydksa osQ lIrkg* osQ miy{; esa ns'k osQ ckydksa dks
lacksfèkr djsaxsA
([k) euksgj cksyk] ¶eSa tt cuw¡xkA¸
(x) rqe Mjrs D;ksa gks\
(?k) lk<+s lkr cts rd og ugk&/ksdj rS;kj gks x,A
(Ä) okg! cgqr vPNs yx jgs gksA


36
 6 ea=
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) cw<+s O;fDr dk lkr lky dk csVk dbZ fnu ls chekj FkkA mlus fiNys pkj fnuksa ls vk¡[ksa ugha
[kksyh FkhaA og MkWDVj pM~<k osQ ikl mlosQ bykt osQ mn~ns'; ls vk;k FkkA
([k) MkWú lkgc osQ bdykSrs csVs dh lkyfxjg Fkh] blfy, ikVhZ j[kh FkhA
(x) dkys lk¡i dks gkFk esa ysdj oSQyk'k us ”kksj ls mldh xnZu nckbZ] rkfd eq¡g [kqyus ij lHkh
mlosQ nk¡r ns[k losaQA
(?k) lk¡i dk ”kgj iSQyus ls mlosQ gksaB uhys iM+us yxs vkSj og vpsr gks x;kA
(Ä) ukjk;.k pkgsaxs rks vk/s ?kaVs esa HkS;k mB cSBsaxsA
fyf[kr
1- (d) cw<+s O;fDr us MkWú lkgc osQ vkxs ixM+h blfy, j[kh] rkfd mlosQ iq=k dks MkWú lkgc
vPNs ls tk¡pdj dksbZ nokbZ ns nsaA mldk bykt dj nsaA
([k) tc cw<+k O;fDr vius chekj csVs dks ysdj MkWú pM~<k osQ ikl x;k] rc MkWú pM~<k xksYiQ
[ksyus osQ fy, tk jgs Fks] blfy, MkWú pM~<k us cw<+s osQ iq=k dks ns[kus ls euk dj fn;kA
(x) e`.kkfyuh oSQyk'k ls mlosQ n~okjk ikfyr lk¡i dks fn[kkus dh f”kn djus yxhA oSQyk'k
esgekuksa dh ns[kHkky esa yxk gqvk Fkk] blfy, mlus igys&igy euk dj fn;kA
(?k) lk¡i n~okjk dkVs tkus ij MkWú pM~<k pkgrs Fks fd oSQyk'k dh m¡xyh dkV nh tk,] ij oSQyk'k
mudh ckr eku ugha jgk Fkk] D;ksfa d mls fo'okl Fkk fd tM+h&cwVh mldks Bhd dj nsxhA
(Ä) Hkxr rs”k&rs”k dneksa ls blfy, pyus yxk] D;ksafd mls Mj Fkk fd oSQyk'k ej u tk,A
og mls Bhd djuk pkgrk FkkA
2- fdlus fdlls
(d) Hkxr us MkWú pM~<k ls
([k) MkWú pM~<k us vius eu esa
(x) Hkxr us ?kj esa cqykus vk, vkneh ls
(?k) Hkxr us MkWú pM~<k ls
(Ä) Hkxr us MkWú pM~<k ls
3- (d) (i) ([k) (iii) (x) (iii) (?k) (ii) (Ä) (i)

37
ewY;ijd iz'u
;fn eSa Hkxr dh txg gksrk rks ogh djrk tks Hkxr us fd;k] D;ksafd Hkxr us tks fd;k fcyoqQy
lgh fd;kA mlus euq"; gksus dk /eZ fuHkk;k vkSj MkWú pM~<k tSls vgadkjh] LokFkhZ o dBksj
ân; O;fDr osQ ân; dks cny fn;kA vxj og pkgrk rks vius csVs dh ekSr dk cnyk ys ldrk
Fkk] ij mlus ,slk ugha fd;k] D;ksafd og drZO;fu"B O;fDr FkkA mlosQ thou dk mn~ns'; yksxksa
dh HkykbZ djuk FkkA
;fn eSa MkWDVj pM~<k dh txg ij gksrk rks eSa Hkxr dh ckr lqudj rqjar mlosQ lkFk py iM+rk]
D;ksafd ml le; esjs fy, esjs euksjtau ls ”;knk egRRoiw.kZ cPps dk thou gksrkA eSa Hkxr osQ
lkFk MkWDVj pM~<k dh rjg O;ogkj dHkh ugha djrkA ;fn eq>s dksbZ ”k:jh dke Hkh gksrk rks Hkh
eSa loZizFke Hkxr osQ csVs osQ bykt dks izkFkfedrk nsrk vkSj ,d MkWDVj gksus dk drZO; fuHkkrkA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
cPps Lo;a vius&vius fopkj j[ksaxsA
cPps Lo;a ikB dks i<+dj fy[ksaxsA (tSlsµfu%LokFkZ lsok] drZO;&iFk ls ihNs u gVuk vkfnA)
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- vkdj tykdj Vsddj fxM+fxM+kdj fudydj cSBdj
gksdj g¡ldj idM+dj ihldj pkSaddj [kksydj
ysdj igq¡pdj ns[kdj Hkjdj nkSM+dj fxjdj
2- (d) dkSu ([k) fdldh (x) D;k (?k) fdlus
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
dgkuh esa Hkxr ea=kksa dh lgk;rk ls MkWú pM~<k osQ iq=k dks Bhd dj nsrk gSA vkt osQ oSKkfud
;qx esa ;s ckrsa 'kksHkk ugha nsrh gaSA bl fo"k; esa dbZ er gks ldrs gSaA vHkh Hkh xk¡oksa esa xzkeh.k
O;fDr f'kf{kr gksrs gq, Hkh ea=kksa ij fo'okl djrs gSaA dbZ O;fDr brus oqQ'ky gksrs gSa fd ?kj
cSBs gh chekj O;fDr dk bykt dj nsrs gSaA
µ lk¡i osQ dkVs tkus ij lcls igys tgk¡ ij lk¡i us dkVk gS] mlls oqQN nwjh ij nksuksa rji- Q
iV~Vh ck¡/ nsuh pkfg,A
µ dkVs gq, LFkku ij FkksM+k&lk phjk yxkdj [kwu dks cgus nsuk pkfg,A
µ ejh”k dks lksus ugha nsuk pkfg,A
µ ejh”k dks rqjar vLirky ys tkuk pkfg, vkSj mldk lgh bykt djokuk pkfg,A
dYiuk dh mM+ku
cPps Lo;a laokn fy[ksaxsA
cPps Lo;a vius&vius vuqHko ls fopkj&foe'kZ djsaxsA
fu%LokFkZ lsok] vkRecks/] ijksidkjh Hkxr vkfnA
vkb, oqQN djsa
cPps Lo;a baVjusV dh lgk;rk ls tkudkjh ,d=k djosQ y?kq&if=kdk rS;kj djsaxsA
38
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2 × 5 = 10

(d) xksYiQ [ksyus tkrs gq, MkWú pM~<k us D;k ns[kk\
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([k) cw<+k vkneh MkWDVj pM~<k osQ ikl fdlfy, vk;k Fkk\
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(x) cw<+s dks fdl ckr dk fo'okl ugha gks jgk Fkk\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) oSQyk'k dks D;k 'kkSd Fkk\

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(Ä) Hkxr us fdl izdkj oSQyk'k dh tku cpkbZ\

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2- fdlus] fdlls dgk\ 1 × 5 =5

(d) ^^dkSu gks\ D;k pkgrs gks\**
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([k) ^^fn[kk D;ksa ugha nsrs] ”kjk&lh ckr osQ fy, Vky&eVksy dj jgs gksA**
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(x) ^^ftu yksxksa dks 'kd gks] u”knhd vkdj blosQ nk¡r ns[k ysaA**
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(?k) ^^MkWDVj pM~<k osQ yM+osQ dks lk¡i us Ml fy;k gSA**

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(Ä) ^^eSaus lkspk Fkk fd bls dksbZ cM+h jde nw¡xhA**

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39
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ ¯yx cnydj fyf[k,µ 1 × 4 =4

-----------------------
(d) MkWDVj µ
-----------------------
([k) csVk µ
-----------------------
(x) o`n~/ µ
-----------------------
(?k) nsgkrh µ
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa ls izR;; vyx dhft,µ 1 × 4 =4
--------------- -------------------
(d) nkSM+dj µ $
------------------- -------------------
([k) mrkjdj µ $
------------------- -------------------
(x) lTturk µ $
------------------- -------------------
(?k) vk/kfjr µ $
3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk vius okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft,µ 1 × 4 =4
(d) lgikBh µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) {kek µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) vpkud µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) fo'okl µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk muosQ mfpr vFkZ osQ lkFk feyku dhft,µ 1 × 3 =3
(d) nLrd (i) njok”kk
([k) fdokM+ (ii) fLFkj
(x) fu'py (iii) njok”kk [kV[kVkuk

40
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ3
dYiuk 'kfDr ij vk/kfjr
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 10

1- ;fn Hkxr us cnys dh Hkkouk ls MkWDVj osQ csVs dk bykt u fd;k gksrk rks D;k
gksrk\ lkspdj fyf[k,A 5
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2- vki cM+s gksdj D;k cuuk pkgrs gSa rFkk D;ksa\ 5

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41
 mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) xksYiQ [ksyus tkrs gq, MkWú pM~<k us ns[kk fd nks dgkj ,d Mksyh fy, vk jgs gSa rFkk Mksyh
osQ ihNs ,d cw<+k ykBh Vsdrs pyk vk jgk gSA
([k) cw<+k vkneh MkWú pM~<k osQ ikl vius bdykSrs yM+osQ dk bykt djokus vk;k FkkA yM+osQ
us pkj fnu ls vk¡[ksa ugha [kksyh Fkha rFkk og dbZ fnuksa ls chekj FkkA
(x) cw<+s dks bl ckr dk fo'okl ugha gks jgk Fkk fd dksbZ euq"; bruk Hkh dBksj gks ldrk gS
fd og vius e”ks osQ vkxs fdlh dh tku dh Hkh ijokg u djsA
(?k) oSQyk'k dks cgqr vuks[kk 'kkSd FkkA mldks lk¡iksa dks ikyuk] mudh vknrksa dk vè;;u djuk
cgqr vPNk yxrk FkkA oSQyk'k us bl fon~;k dks ,d lisjs ls lh[kk FkkA
(Ä) Hkxr us viuh fon~;k rFkk ea=kksa osQ mPpkj.k ls oSQyk'k dh tku cpkbZA ea=kksa osQ [kRe gksus
ij mlus oSQyk'k dks tM+h&cwVh Hkh lq¡?kkbZA var esa oSQyk'k dks gks'k vk x;k vkSj og Bhd
gks x;kA
2- fdlus fdlls
(d) MkWDVj pM~<k us Hkxr ls
([k) ,d egk'k; us oSQyk'k ls
(x) oSQyk'k us vius fe=kksa ls
(?k) ,d vkneh us cw<+s Hkxr ls
(Ä) ukjk;.kh us MkDVj pM~<k ls
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) MkWDVjuh ([k) csVh (x) o`n~/k (?k) nsgkru
2- (d) nkSM+ $ dj ([k) mrkj $ dj (x) lTtu $ rk (?k) vk/kj $ br
3- (d) oSQyk'k vius lgikBh osQ lkFk [ksyus x;kA
([k) {kek lcls cM+k xq.k gSA
(x) ge lc ?kwe jgs Fks fd vpkud ckfj'k 'kq: gks xbZA
(?k) fe=k lnk fo'okl osQ ik=k gksus pkfg,A
4- (d) nLrd (iii) njok”kk [kV[kVkuk
([k) fdokM+ (i) njok”kk
(x) fu'py (ii) fLFkj



42
 7 Kku dh T;ksfr
tyk,¡xs
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) LokfHkeku osQ lkFkA
([k) Kku dh T;ksfr tykdjA
(x) lkekU; ekuo osQ lq[kksa Hkjs liuksa dks iwjk djus dk dk;ZA
(?k) dfo cPpksa dks lkgliw.kZ thou thus osQ fy, izksRlkfgr djuk pkgrk gSA
fyf[kr
1- (d) cPPks Kku dk izdk'k iSQykdj lalkj dks egdk ldrs gSaA
([k) cPpksa dh pkg i<+&fy[kdj ns'k dk uke jks'ku djuk gSA
(x) ^Kku dh T;ksfr* ls rkRi;Z gSµ^Kku dk izdk'k* iSQykuk vFkkZr~ Lo;a f'kf{kr gksdj lcdks
f'kf{kr djukA
(?k) fuMjrk rFkk lgu'khyrk ls mu eqf'dyksa dk lkeuk djsaxsA
2- (d) ekrk&firk vkSj xq# dh
([k) vPNh vkSj cqjh ckrksa dks
(x) Lo;a gh eaf”ky dks <w¡<+us dk fo'okl
(?k) ck/k vkSj #dkoV osQ fy,
([k) fgEer u gkjus okyk
ewY;ijd iz'u
gesa fuMj] LokfHkekuh] vkKkdkjh] vk'kkoknh] fuHkhZd] vkRefo'oklh cuuk pkfg,A
cPPks vius Kku osQ izdk'k ls lcdks f'kf{kr dj la lkj dks izdk'keku dj ldrs gSaA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
D;ksafd uUgs&eqUus cPps ns'k dk Hkfo"; gksus osQ lkFk&lkFk bl dk;Z dks iw.kZ djus esa leFkZ gSaA
cPps Lo;a vius&vius vuqHko ls mRrj nsaxsA

43
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) cqjk ([k) nq[k (x) uhpk (?k) jkr
(Ä) va /dkj (p) mrjuk (N) ihNs (t) uhps
2- (d) ek¡ tuuh ([k) tud rkr (x) f'k{kd vè;kid
(?k) okfVdk mn~;ku (Ä) oL=k diM+k (p) lw;Z fnokdj
3- (d) gok ([k) ia[kqM+h (x) fnu (?k) v¡/sjk
(Ä) nh;k (p) eq[kM+k
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
ge fuEufyf[kr dk;ks± dks djosQ vius ns'k dk uke m¡Qpk dj ldrs gSaµ
µ ifjokj esa nknk&nknh] ek¡&firk th dh vkKk dk ikyu djosQ ns'k dk uke m¡Qpk dj ldrs
gSaA ifjokj ls gh lekt curk gS vkSj lekt ls jk"Vª dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA ;fn ge vkKkikyu
dh vknr Mky ysa] rks ge dkuwu dk ikyu djuk vo'; lh[k tk,¡xsA
µ vuq'kklu o le; dk lnqi;ksx djosQ ,d felky iSnk dj ldrs gSaA tc ge Lo;a vuq'kklu
vkSj le; osQ ikcan gksaxs] rHkh rks nwljksa dks vuq'kklu esa jgus o le; ij dke djus osQ
fy, izsfjr dj losaQxsA blls LowQy] vkWfiQl o cM+h&cM+h oaQifu;ksa dks ykHk gksxkA
µ lekt osQ fodkl osQ fy, ge ubZ&ubZ rduhd dk vkfo"dkj djsaxs] rkfd gekjs ns'k dks
mu oLrqvksa osQ vk;kr esa ”;knk fons'kh eqnzk [kpZ u djuh iM+sA fiQj mu oLrqvksa dk fuekZ.k
vius gh ns'k esa de [kpZ ij gksus yxsxkA
cPps Lo;a viuh ifjfLFkfr;ksa rFkk {kerk osQ vuqlkj ;kstuk cuk,¡xsA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
cPps Lo;a vius fopkj dfork osQ :i esa izLrqr djsaxsA
cPps Lo;a djsaxsA
vkb, oqQN djsa
cPps Lo;a fn, x, fo"k; ij dk;Z djsaxsA
cPps f'k{kd@ f'kf{kdk dh lgk;rk ls Lyksxu cuk,¡xsA

44
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2 × 5 = 10

(d) dfo dh D;k pkg gS\
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([k) thou&iFk ij dfo fdl izdkj dne j[kuk pkgrs gSa\

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) ^Kku dh T;ksfr* dk D;k rkRi;Z gS\

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) dfo fdudh vkKk ekuus dh ckr dj jgs gSa vkSj D;ksa\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) ge oSQls bulku cusaxs\

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2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks i;kZ;okph 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) lwjt µ ----------------------- -----------------------

([k) ekrk µ ----------------------- -----------------------

(x) firk µ ----------------------- -----------------------

(?k) va/dkj µ ----------------------- -----------------------

(Ä) Kku µ ----------------------- -----------------------

45
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa fØ;k in <w¡<+dj muosQ Hksnksa osQ uke fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 = 5
fØ;kin Hksn dk uke
(d) ge Kku dh T;ksfr tyk,¡xsA -------------------------- --------------------------

([k) ge /hjs pysaxsA -------------------------- --------------------------

(x) eu esa fo'okl txk,¡xsA -------------------------- --------------------------

(?k) Kku ls gh vKku dk va/dkj nwj gksrk gSA -------------------------- --------------------------

(Ä) lkglh lnk O;o/kuksa dks phjdj vkxs c<+rs gSaA -------------------------- --------------------------

2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foykse 'kCn fyf[k,µ ½ × 10 =5

(d) cqjk µ ----------------------- ([k) nq[k µ -----------------------
(x) uhpk µ ----------------------- (?k) jkr µ -----------------------
(Ä) va/dkj µ ----------------------- (p) mrjuk µ -----------------------
(N) ihNs µ ----------------------- (t) uhps µ -----------------------
(>) vlkekU; µ ----------------------- (×k) fo'okl µ -----------------------
3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dh laf/ dhft,µ 1 × 5 =5
(d) iz $ mRlkfgr µ -----------------------
([k) Lo $ vfHkeku µ -----------------------
(x) uS $ vd µ -----------------------
(?k) iks $ vu µ -----------------------
(Ä) panz $ mn; µ -----------------------

46
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ3
dYiuk 'kfDr ij vk/kfjr
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 10

1- lalkj dks fodflr djus esa ^Kku* dk D;k egRRo gS\ vki Kku vftZr djrs gq, Hkh
Kku dks oSQls ck¡V ldrs gSa\ lkspdj fyf[k,A 5
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2- D;k vkiosQ thou esa dHkh dksbZ eqf'dy vkbZ gS\ vkius mldk lkeuk fdl izdkj
fd;k\ vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A 5
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47
 mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) dfo dh pkg gS fd cPps i<+&fy[kdj viuk uke Å¡pk djsaA
([k) thou&iFk ij dfo LokfHkeku ls viuk dne j[kuk pkgrs gSaA
(x) tc euq"; Kku izkIr djrk gS] rc mlosQ vKku dk va/dkj nwj gks tkrk gSA Kku :ih nh;s
ls euq"; dk eu rFkk cqn~f/] lc jks'ku gks tkrs gSaA ;gh ^Kku dh T;ksfr* dk rkRi;Z gSA
(?k) dfo vius ekrk&firk rFkk xq# dh vkKk ekuus dh ckr dj jgs gSa] D;ksafd ekrk&firk vkSj
xq# ls c<+dj bl lalkj esa dksbZ ugha gSA budh lsok djuk rFkk vkKk ekuuk euq"; dk ije
dRrZO; gksrk gSA
(Ä) ge vius thou esa vkus okyh vk¡f/;ksa vkSj O;o/kuksa dks phjdj vkxs c<+us okys bulku
cusaxsA thou osQ vKku :ih va/dkj dks nwj djosQ Kku dh T;ksfr tyk,¡xsA
2- (d) fnudj fnokdj ([k) vack tuuh (x) tud rkr
(?k) va/sjk rel (Ä) fon~;k psruk

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) tyk,¡xs ldeZd ([k) pysaxs vdeZd (x) txk,¡xs ldeZd
(?k) gksrk gS ldeZd (Ä) c<+rs gSa ldeZd
2- (d) vPNk ([k) lq[k (x) Å¡pk (?k) fnu (Ä) izdk'k
(p) p<+uk (N) vkxs (t) Åij (>) lkekU; (×k) vfo'okl
3- (d) izksRlkfgr ([k) LokfHkeku (x) uk;d (?k) iou (Ä) panzksn;


48
 8 Qyksa dh pkSiky
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) ,dkadh
([k) ,aVhehck
(x) dkckZbM xSl n~okjk
(?k) ^lh* vkSj ^,*
fyf[kr
1- (d) jktk vke us yxkrkj fey jgh iQyksa dh f'kdk;r dh okLrfodrk tkuus] oqQN ckrksa dks
Li"V djus rFkk ”k:jh funsZ'kksa dks nsus osQ fy, cSBd cqykbZA
([k) JhokLro th osQ yM+osQ caVh dks lnhZ dh 'kke dks ve:n [kkus osQ dkj.k [kk¡lh gqbZA
(x) xktj us vius Åij yxk, x, vkjksi dk Li"Vhdj.k bl izdkj fn;kµ
(i) mYVh] nLr] isV nnZ dh ijs'kkuh esjs dkj.k ugha gqbZA eq>s fcuk èkks, ykijokgh ls [kkus
osQ dkj.k gqbZ gSA
(ii) esjs 'kjhj ij jksa, gksrs gSa vkSj ftu ij cgqr [krjukd ,aVhehck thok.kq gksrs gSa] buosQ
dkj.k isV esa dhM+s gks tkrs gSaA ;g ikpu fØ;k esa Hkh ckèkk mRiUu djrs gSaA vr% yksxksa
dks pkfg, fd os eq>s vPNh rjg ls jxM+&jxM+ dj ‚Ê$»§ ikuh ls èkksdj [kk,¡A
(?k) vaxwj esa foVkfeu&,] ch] lh] izksVhu] olk] dkcksZgkbMªsV] oSQfY'k;e] iQkLiQksjl] yksgk vkfn
rRo gksrs gSaA ;s ikSf"Vd rRo gekjs 'kjhj dks LoLFk ,oa fujksx j[kus esa lgk;d gksrs gSa rFkk
[kwu c<+kus] [kwu dh ‚$»§Ê߸] ikpu&fØ;k dks lqpk# :i ls pykus esa lgk;d gksrs gSa rFkk
us=k&T;ksfr dks c<+krs gSaA
2- (d) iQy [kkus dk lgh rjhdkA
([k) D;ksafd mlosQ Bhd uhps foVkfeu gksrs gSaA
(x) vPNh rjg ls /ks ysuk pkfg,A
(?k) mrkj nsuk

49
ewY;ijd iz'u
dgk tkrk gS fd LoLFk efLr"d ges'kk LoLFk 'kjhj esa jgrk gSA blfy, O;fDr dks vius LokLF;
dk è;ku j[kuk pkfg,A 'kjhj dks LoLFk j[kus osQ fy, fuEufyf[kr ckrksa dk è;ku j[kuk pkfg,µ
1- ikSf"Vd Hkkstu] dc] D;k [kk,¡ o fdruh ek=kk esa [kk,¡ bldk è;ku j[kuk gksxkA
2- Hkkstu dks pck&pckdj [kkuk pkfg, vkSj lnSo [kq'k o fpark eqDr j[kuk pkfg,A
3- iQy o lfC”k;k¡ vf/d ek=kk esa [kkuh pkfg, rkfd 'kjhj esa foVkfeuksa dh iwfrZ gksrh jgs o
'kjhj laØked chekfj;ksa ls cpk jgsA
4- gesa lqcg tYnh mBuk pkfg, rFkk lSj djuh pkfg,A
5- fu;fer O;k;ke rFkk Hkjiwj uhan ysuh pkfg,A
6- ekSle osQ vuqlkj iQy&lfC”k;ksa dk pquko djuk pkfg,A
ve:n ikpu fØ;k c<+kus osQ lkFk&lkFk isV dh lI+kQkbZ esa lgk;d gksrk gSA ;g nk¡rksa vkSj elwM+ksa
osQ fy, Hkh iQk;nsean gksrk gSA blfy, eSa vius ?kj esa ve:n dk ikS/k yxkšxk vkSj fu;fer
:i ls mls ikuh o [kkn nw¡xkA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
lsc esa [kfut] yo.k vkSj dbZ foVkfeu ik, tkrs gSa] tks 'kjhj osQ fy, cgqr ykHkdkjh gksrs gSaA
jkst bu ikSf"Vd rRoksa osQ lsou ls 'kjhj LoLFk ,oa fujksx jgrk gSA blfy, dgk tkrk gS] tks
jkst ,d lsc [kkrk gS] og MkWDVj ls nwj jgrk gSA
cPps Lo;a ikB ls i<+dj djsaxsA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) iQk;nsean ([k) Ïksr (x) lfgr (?k) vo'ks"k
(Ä) folftZr
2- fo'ks"k.k fo'ks"; fo'ks"k.k fo'ks";
(d) nkb± rjI+kQ ([k) cqjh gkyr
(x) nks #i;s (?k) lkI+kQ ikuh
(Ä) xq.koku iQy (p) ikSf"Vd rRo
3- (d) caVh us eq>s >ksys ls fudkyrs gh [kkuk 'kq: dj fn;kA
([k)xktj esa ,aVhehck uked thok.kq dks LokLF; osQ fy, cgqr gkfudkjd ekuk tkrk gS] D;ksafd
blls isV esa dhM+ksa dh mRifRr gksrh gSA
(x) vjs! vaxwj jke mèkj dksus esa fNidj cSBs gSaA
(?k) jkuh us vke lHkk cqykbZA
(Ä) Jherh n~okjk yxk, x, vkjksi lR; ugha gSaA

50
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
fNyosQ lfgr [kkus okys iQyµvaxwj] lsc] ve:n] phowQA
fNydk mrkjdj [kkus okys iQyµosQyk] vke] yhph] larjk] ekSleh] rjcwt] iihrk] [kjcwtkA
ys[kd us ,dkadh dk 'kh"kZd ^iQyksa dh pkSiky* blfy, j[kk] D;ksafd blesa iQyksa osQ xq.kksa osQ
lkFk&lkFk mu nks"kksa dks mtkxj fd;k x;k gS] tks gekjh ykijokgh ls gksrs gSa] ftuosQ dkj.k iQy
ykHk osQ LFkku ij chekfj;ksa osQ Ïksr cu tkrs gSaA okLro esa] bl ,dkadh dk mn~ns'; iQyksa ls
lacafèkr KkuoèkZd tkudkjh nsuk gSA vU; 'kh"kZd iQyksa dh ckrphr] ppkZ gks ldrk gSA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
;fn iQyksa osQ LFkku ij lfC”k;ksa dh lHkk gksrh rks ikyd] xksHkh] fHkaMh] fepZ vkfn bl lHkk
esa vkjksih lfC”k;ksa osQ flagklu ij vklhu gksrh rFkk cSaxu lHkk dk jktk gksrkA bl fLFkfr esa
,dkadh dk 'kh"kZd iQyksa dh pkSiky osQ LFkku ij ^lfC”k;ksa dh pkSiky* gksrkA
µ dksbZ Hkh iQy gks ;k lC”kh] ges'kk èkksdj gh [kkuk pkfg,A
µ fdl le; D;k [kkuk gS] ;g Hkh fuf'pr gksuk pkfg,A
µ ck”kkj esa fcd jgs [kqys o dVs iQyksa dks ugha [kkuk pkfg,A
vkb, oqQN djsa
f'k{kd@ f'kf{kdk cPpksa dks Lo;a d{kk ls lacafèkr leL;kvksa ij fopkj&foe'kZ djus dh lykg
nsa vkSj muosQ oqQN fopkjksa dks Hkh lquasA
f'k{kd@ f'kf{kdk xk¡o dh pkSiky ij xzke&lHkk dh cSBd dh tkudkjh cPpksa dks ekSf[kd :i
esa gh nsaA

51
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
uke % ------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------- iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % ------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------- 15

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2 & 5 ¾ 10

(d) ^,dkadh* 'kCn dk D;k vFkZ gksrk gS\ ;g vU; ukVdksa ls oSQls fHkUu gS\
......................................................................................................................

([k) lHkh cPpksa us dkSu&dkSu ls iQy osQ eq[kkSVs igus gq, Fks\
......................................................................................................................

(x) D;k djus ls JhokLro th osQ csVs dks [kk¡lh u gksrh\

......................................................................................................................

(?k) ewyh rFkk xktj esa D;k lekurk gS\

......................................................................................................................

(Ä) vaxwj fdu&fdu xq.kksa dk HkaMkj gS\

......................................................................................................................

2- fuEufyf[kr dFku fdlus] fdlls dgk\ 1&3¾3

(d) ¶njvly vki yksxksa esa ls cgqrksa osQ ckjs esa dbZ
f'kdk;rsa feyh gSaA¸ -------------------- --------------------
([k) ¶tks Hkh bls [kkrs gSa] nLr vkSj isV dh xM+cM+h
osQ f'kdkj gks tkrs gSaA¸ -------------------- --------------------
(x) ¶gk¡&gk¡] dfg, ewyh nsoh] D;k dguk pkgrh gSa vki\¸ -------------------- --------------------

3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa esa mfpr LFkkuksa ij uqDrk yxkb,µ ½×4=2

(d) etgc µ ---------------------------- ([k) gqtwj µ ----------------------------
(x) liQkbZ µ ---------------------------- (?k) vrkmYyk [kk¡ µ ----------------------------

52
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
uke % ------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------- iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % ------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------- 15

1- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dks 'kqn~èk djosQ nksckjk fyf[k,µ 1&5¾5

(d) ,d xje fxykl nwèk ih yksA ---------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) rwIk+ Qku osQ dkj.k vusdksa yksx ej x,A ---------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) esjs dks BaMk nwèk cgqr ilan gSA ---------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) mldk yM+dk jks jgh gSA ---------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) ”kjk bèkj rks vkb;ksA ---------------------------------------------------------------------

2- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dks deZokP; esa cnfy,µ 1&5¾5

(d) jksgu oaQI;wVj ij [ksy jgk gSA --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) vkdk'k i=k fy[krk gSA --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) ckyd g¡l jgk gSA --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) vfer irax mM+k jgk gSA --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) iqfyl pksj dks idM+rh gSA --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ o.kZ&foPNsn dhft,µ 1&5¾5

------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
(d) izfrfufèkRo µ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
([k) loZizFke µ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------$ ------ $ ------ $ ------
(x) eq[kkSVk µ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------
(?k) JhokLro µ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------$ ------
(Ä) ikpufØ;k µ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------$ ------$ ------

53
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ3
dYiuk 'kfDr ij vkèkkfjr
uke % ------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------- iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % ------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------- 10

1- dYiuk dhft, fd vki ,d ,slk jsLrjka [kksyus okys gSa tgk¡ 'kqn~èk] ikSf"Vd rFkk
Lokfn"V [kkuk feysxkA xzkgdksa dks vkdf"kZr djus osQ fy, ,d vPNk lk foKkiu
fyf[k,A 5
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................

2- eSDMkWuyM] fi”tk gV bR;kfn esa [kkuk lcdks vPNk yxrk gS] ijarq D;k og LokLF;oèkZd
gS\ irk djosQ fyf[k,A 5
..................................................................................................................................
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54
 mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) ^,dkadh* 'kCn dk vFkZ gS ,d gh n`'; esa laiw.kZ ukVd dh vfHkO;fDrA nwljs ukVdksa esa
vusd n`';ksa esa ,d dFkk dks n'kkZ;k tkrk gS] ijarq ,dkadh esa ,d gh n`'; esa laiw.kZ dFkk
dks n'kkZ;k tkrk gSA
([k) cPpksa us vke] ve:n] osQyk] larjk] uhacw] vaxwj] xktj] ewyh] lsc] yhph] rjcw”k vkfn iQyksa
osQ eq[kkSVs igus FksA
(x) ;fn JhokLro th dk csVk 'kke osQ le; ve:n u [kkrk rks mls [kk¡lh u gksrhA
(?k) ewyh rFkk xktj nksuksa ij ckyuqek jks,¡ gksrs gSa] ftuesa ^,aVhehck* uked thok.kq gksrs gSa] tks
isV osQ vanj dhM+s iSnk djrs gSa rFkk ikpufØ;k dks izHkkfor djrs gSaA
(Ä) vaxwj esa foVkfeu ^,*] ^ch*] ^lh*] izksVhu] olk] dkcksZgkbªsV] oSQfYl;e] iQkWLiQksjl] yksgk
vkfn rRo gksrs gSa] tks euq"; osQ fy, mi;ksxh gSaA vaxwj 'kjhj esa [kwu c<+kus] [kwu dh liQkbZ
djus] ikpufØ;k Bhd djus] us=k&T;ksfr c<+kus vkfn esa egRRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA
2- fdlus fdlls
(d) osQys us lHkh iQyksa ls
([k) larjs us vke ls
(x) vke us ewyh ls
3- (d) e”kgc ([k) gq”kwj (x) lIk+ QkbZ (?k) vrkmYyk [+kk¡
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) ,d fxykl xeZ nwèk ih yksA ([k) rwI+kQku osQ dkj.k vusd yksx ej x,A
(x) eq>s BaMk nwèk cgqr ilan gSA (?k) mldk yM+dk jks jgk gSA
(Ä) ”kjk bèkj rks vkb,A
2- (d) jksgu n~okjk oaQI;wVj ij [ksyk tkrk gSA ([k) vkdk'k osQ n~okjk i=k fy[kk tkrk gSA
(x) ckyd osQ n~okjk g¡lk tkrk gSA (?k) vfer osQ n~okjk irax mM+kbZ tkrh gSA
(Ä) iqfyl osQ n~okjk pksj dks idM+k tkrk gSA
3- (d) i~ $ j~ $ v $ r~ $ b $ u~ $ b $ èk~ $ b $ r~ $ o~ $ v
([k) l~ $ v $ j~ $ o~ $ v $ i~ $ j~ $ v $ Fk~ $ v $ e~ $ v
(x) e~ $ m $ [k~ $ vkS $ V~ $ vk
(?k) 'k~ $ j~ $ bZ $ o~ $ vk $ l~ $ r~ $ v $ o~ $ v
(Ä) i~ $ vk $ p~ $ v $ u~ $ v $ o~Q $ j~ $ b $ ;~ $ vk


55
 9 eksj dh dgkuh
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) jk"Vªh; i{kh dkA
([k) cgqr vPNk yxkA
(x) xqykch flj okyh cr[+k vkSj igkM+h cVsjA
(?k) i{kh dhM+ksa rFkk fVM~fM;ksa dk vkSj vukt dks u"V djus okys pwgksa dk uk'k djus osQ dkj.k ekuo
osQ fe=k gSaA
(Ä) i'kqvksa vkSj if{k;ksa dks Hkh bl /jrh ij jgus dk iw.kZ vf/dkj gS] bl lR; dks Lohdkj djus dhA
(p) ys[kd us mudh ckr dks cPpksa rd igq¡pkus dk vk'oklu fn;k Fkk] ;gh izlUurk dk dkj.k FkkA
fyf[kr
1- (d) ys[kd dks fga nqLrkuh fpfM+;ksa osQ 'kga 'kkg eksj ls eqykdkr djus dh bPNk FkhA ,d ckj ,d
eksj dVgy osQ isM+ dh eksVh 'kk[kk ij lksp esa Mwck gqvk cSBk FkkA ys[kd us mls viuk
ifjp; fn;k vkSj dgk fd if=kdk osQ uUgs&eqUus ikBdksa dh rjI+kQ ls eqykdkr djus vk;k
gw¡] rks ehBh eqldku osQ lkFk eksj us ea ”kwjh ns nhA
([k) eksj dh [kwclwjrh lkjh nqfu;k esa e'kgwj Fkh] blfy, eksj dks jk"Vªh; i{kh pquk x;kA
(x) [ksrh osQ lcls cM+s nq'eu dhM+s&edksM+s vkSj mudh bfYy;k¡ gSaA ;s dhM+s vukt dks u"V
djrs gSaA i{kh bu dhM+ksa osQ nq'eu gSaA ;s i{kh fVM~fM;ksa rFkk dhM+s&edksM+ksa dk uk'k djrs
gSaA vukt dks u"V djus okys pwgksa dk uk'k] mYyw vkSj ck”k i{kh djrs gSaA bl rjg i{kh
gekjs fe=k gSaA
(?k) ekuo fodkl rks dj jgk gS] ija rq og iSnkokj dks c<+kus osQ fy, ;k dhM+ksa ls cpko osQ
fy, ftu jklk;fud nzO;ksa dk iz;ksx djrk gS mlls dhM+ s de] i{kh vf/d ejrs gSaA [kkn~;
inkFkks± ij fNM+ dk x;k ”kgj euq"; osQ 'kjhj esa Hkh igq¡prk gS] ftlls euq"; dk 'kjhj
vusd chekfj;ksa ls tdM+ tkrk gSA
2- (d) i{kh vf/d ejrs gSaA
([k) ekuo osQ isV esa tkrk gSA
(x) cjcknh dksA

56
ewY;ijd iz'u
'kgjksa esa vkcknh c<+us ls yksxksa osQ jgus osQ fy, taxyksa vkSj [ksrksa dks u"V dj fn;k x;kA isM+ksa
osQ dVus ls if{k;ksa osQ jSu&clsjs mtM+ x,A /hjs&/hjs i{kh 'kgjksa esa de u”kj vkus yxsA
oU; thoksa eas dbZ tkfr;k¡ ,slh gSa tks fd yqIr gks xbZA izfrowQy ifjfLFkfr ;k yksxksa osQ c<+rs
vkokl osQ dkj.k ,f'k;kbZ phrk rFkk xqykch flj okyh cr[+k vc yqIr gks xbZ gSA oqQN iztkfr;k¡
,slh Hkh gSa ftudh la[;k fujarj ?kVrh tk jgh gSA dkyk fgj.k] laxkbZ (ef.kiqjh fgj.k)] xSaMk]
exjePN vkfn ,slh tkfr;k¡ gSa ftudh la[;k esa cgqr rs”kh ls deh vk jgh gSA buosQ laj{k.k
osQ fy, izo`Qfr esa larqyu ”k:jh gSA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
cPps Lo;a ikB dks i<+dj djsaxsA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) orZeku dky ([k) Hkfo";r dky (x) Hkwrdky (?k) Hkfo";r dky
(Ä) Hkwrdky (p) orZeku dky
2- (d) LFkkuokpd fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k ([k) ifjek.kokpd fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k
(x) jhfrokpd fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k (?k) jhfrokpd fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k
(Ä) LFkkuokpd fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k (p) dkyokpd fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
gesa ;g lk{kkRdkj cgqr gh vPNk yxkA bl lk{kkRdkj osQ ekè;e ls i'kq&i{kh dh leL;kvksa
osQ ckjs esa ekywe gqvkA euq"; vius fodkl osQ fy, ftu&ftu lk/uksa] fo'ks"kdj jklk;fud
[kknksa o dhVuk'kd nokb;ksa dk va/k/qa/ iz;ksx djrk gS] eksj osQ ekè;e ls bUgsa lgh ek=kk esa
rFkk viuh cqn~f/ dk bLrseky djrs gq, iz;ksx djus dh lykg nh xbZ gS] ftlls fd izÑfr esa
larqyu cuk jgsA
f'k{kd@ f'kf{kdk cPPkksa ls ekSf[kd mRRkj izkIr djsaA bl dk;Z esa mudk lg;ksx nsaA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
;fn eksj dh txg ge gksrs rks ge Hkh ogh dgrs tks oqQN eksj us dgk gS] D;ksafd eksj us lkjh
ckrsa fcyoqQy lp gh dgh gSaA
cPps Lo;a vius fopkj crk,¡xsA
vkb, oqQN djsa
cPps Lo;a iz/kukpk;Z dk lk{kkRdkj djosQ fon~;ky; dh if=kdk esa Nius nsaxsA
cPps Lo;a viuh {kerk osQ vuqlkj foKkiu cuk,¡xsA

57
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2 × 5 = 10

(d) eksj vius ^vksgns* osQ fo"k; esa D;k crkrk gS\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) jk"Vªh; i{kh ?kksf"kr fd, tkus ij D;k eksj tkfr osQ flj ls e¡Mjkrk [krjk lekIr gks
x;k gS\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) if{k;ksa osQ yqIr gksus osQ dkSu&dkSu ls dkj.k gSa\

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) ys[kd n~okjk crkbZ xbZ fodkl dh fn'kk dks eksj us xyr D;ksa crk;k\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) eksj dks fdlls mEehn gS rFkk D;ksa\

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ 2½ × 2 = 5

(d) ¯gnqLrku fdlkuksa dk ns'k gSA
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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([k) eu Hkj vPNkbZ osQ lkeus ;g jRrh Hkj nks"k D;k egRRo j[krk gSA
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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58
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa osQ vkxs muosQ dky osQ uke fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) o"kkZ gksus ij eksj ukpsaxsA -------------------------------------

([k) ekuo osQ fodkl dh fn'kk xyr FkhA -------------------------------------

(x) ek/o dh iwjh iQly u"V gks xbZA -------------------------------------

(?k) bl 'kfuokj gekjh NqV~Vh gksxhA -------------------------------------

(Ä) ge lc NBh d{kk osQ Nk=k gSaA -------------------------------------

2- fuEufyf[kr fjDr LFkkuksa esa fd@dh Hkjdj okD;ksa dks iwjk dhft,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) eSaus vius HkkbZ ls dgk ----------------------- og eu yxkdj i<+sA

([k) xk¡/h th cgqr yxu ls jksxh ----------------------- ns[kHkky djrs FksA
(x) ?kkV ckcw us xk¡o esa dbZ fon~;ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk -----------------------A
(?k) lcdh jk; gS ----------------------- Hkkjr dks LoPN rFkk lqanj cuk;k tk,A
(Ä) eksjuh lksprh gksxh ----------------------- og eksj tSlh lqanj D;ksa ugha gSA
3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa esa ^j* dk mfpr iz;ksx dhft,µ 1 × 5 =5
(d) jk"V µ -----------------------
([k) i;koj.k µ -----------------------
(x) vkde.k µ -----------------------
(?k) ns'knksgh µ -----------------------
(Ä) dk;de µ -----------------------

59
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ3
dYiuk 'kfDr ij vk/kfjr
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 10

1- ;fn laiw.kZ lalkj ls i{kh rFkk i'kq yqIr gks tk,¡] rc oSQlh ifjfLFkfr gksxh] dHkh lkspk
gS\ vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A 5
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2- ;fn vkidks fdlh i'kq vFkok i{kh dk lk{kkRdkj ysus dk volj feyrk] rks vki
fdldk lk{kkRdkj ysrs\ roZQ lfgr mRrj fyf[k,A 5
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60
 mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) eksj vius ^vksgns* osQ fo"k; esa crkrk gS fd ;g lEeku mlosQ fy, u;k ugha gSA mldh
[kwclwjrh cgqr igys ls gh nqfu;k esa e'kgwj FkhA ¯gnqLrku osQ jktk&egkjktk eksj dks vuks[ks
rksgI+ksQ osQ :i esa jkse] ;wuku] feJ tSls ns'kksa esa Hkstk djrs FksA
([k) ugha] ^jk"Vªh; i{kh* ?kksf"kr fd, tkus ij Hkh eksj tkfr osQ flj ls e¡Mjkrk [krjk lekIr ugha
gqvk gSA mudk f'kdkj de ”k:j gqvk gS] ijarq can ugha gqvk gSA
(x) if{k;ksa osQ yqIr gksus dk eq[; dkj.k gS euq";ksa dh yxkrkj c<+rh vkcknhA c<+rh vkcknh
osQ lkFk&lkFk 'kgj vkSj dLcs Hkh c<+ jgs gSa ftldh otg ls taxy vkSj [ksr feVk, tk
jgs gSaA blh dkj.k if{k;ksa dh nqfu;k fleVrh tk jgh gSA
(?k) ys[kd n~okjk crkbZ xbZ fodkl dh fn'kk dks eksj us xyr blfy, crk;k] D;ksafd tks
dhVuk'kd nok,¡ I+kQlyksa ij fNM+dh tkrh gSa] muls dhM+s de] i{kh vf/d ejrs gSaA ;g
”kgj euq";ksa osQ isV esa Hkh tkrk gSA fodkl osQ uke ij euq"; cjcknh iSQyk jgk gSA
(Ä) eksj dks cPpksa ls cgqr mEehn gSA cPpksa osQ eu esa i'kq&if{k;ksa osQ izfr vFkkg I;kj gksrk
gSA cPps gh vkus okyh nqfu;k dks cny ldrs gSaA
2- (d) bldk vk'k; ;g gS fd Hkkjr dh nkSyr dh cqfu;kn [ksrh esa gSA Hkkjr esa vHkh Hkh
vf/drj yksx fdlku gSaA
([k) bldk vk'k; gS fd i{kh dhM+s&edkSM+ksa dks [kkdj [ksr&[kfygkuksa dh j{kk djrs gSaA bl
chp FkksM+h&lh iQly [kjkc Hkh dj nsrs gSa rks ml nks"k dks vuns[kk fd;k tk ldrk
gSA
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) Hkfo";r dky ([k) Hkwrdky (x) Hkwrdky
(?k) Hkfo";r dky (Ä) orZeku dky
2- (d) fd ([k) dh (x) dh
(?k) fd (Ä) fd
3- (d) jk"Vª ([k) i;kZoj.k (x) vkØe.k
(?k) ns'knzksgh (Ä) dk;ZØe


61
 10 dBiqryh
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) euq"; dks dBiqryh cus jgus esa gh lqfo/k fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA og la?k"kZ vkSj [krjksa ls cps jguk
pkgrk gSA
([k) nwljs osQ gkFkksa esa viuh Mksj Fkekus okyksa dks viuh Mxj ugha cukuh iM+rhA
(x) os tks pqiosQ&ls nwljksa n~okjk dBiqryh cuk fn, tkrs gSaA
(?k) thou osQ var vFkkZr~ e`R;q osQ le;A
fyf[kr
1- (d) dBiqryh ijk/hu] lqfo/kthoh vkSj le>kSrkoknh O;fDr dk izrhd gSA
([k) (i) euw"; nwljksa osQ b'kkjksa ij pyus yxrk gSA
(ii) ekuork dk fodkl #d tkrk gSA
(iii) euq"; dh mUufr #d tkrh gSA
(iv) nwljksa ij mldh fuHkZjrk c<+ tkrh gSA
(x) nwljksa dks vius tSlk cukus esa mls lqfo/k jgrh gSA mls vkRelarqf"V gksrh gSA
(?k) Lora=k lksp vkSj la?k"kZ djus dh fgEerA
2- lekt esa yksx viuh f”kEesnkfj;ksa ls eq¡g eksM+dj nwljs yksxksa ij lc oqQN NksM+ nsrs gSaA
ewY;ijd iz'u
ge la?k"kZ'khyrk] n`<+&fu'p;] lR;fu"B o fuMjrk tSls xq.k vius thou esa viukuk pkgsaxsA
;qok ih<+h ;fn vkRefuHkZj gksxh rks ns'k dh mUufr gksxhA mudh Lok/hu psruk gh lekt dks
vkSj csgrj cuk ldrh gSA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
nwljs osQ gkFkksa dh dBiqryh cudj thusokys yksx dHkh Hkh viuh bPNk ls ugha th ikrsA mUgsa
viuh bPNkvksa dk neu djuk iM+rk gSA muosQ O;fDrRo dk fodkl Hkh ugha gks ikrkA os u rks
viuk dY;k.k dj ikrs gSa u gh lekt dkA

62
 dHkh&dHkh ifjokj osQ lnL;ksa dh [kqf'k;ksa] lEeku] vk'kkvksa o vkdka{kkvksa osQ dkj.k gesa viuh
bPNkvksa dks ekjuk iM+rk gSA blesa dksbZ nks"k ugha] D;ksafd ,d&nwljs dh [kq'kh dk è;ku j[kus
esa gh ,drk gSA ;fn gj O;fDr osQoy viuh [kq'kh vkSj bPNk dks gh loksZifj ekusxk rks ifjokj
VwV tk,xkA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- ”kehu e”knwj f[kykI+kQ v[+kckj e”kk
2- (d) okg! D;k Lokfn"V Hkkstu gSA
([k) yksdekU; fryd us dgk] ¶Lora=krk gekjk tUefln~/ vf/dkj gSA¸
(x) jktk n'kjFk dh rhu jkfu;k¡ FkhaA
(?k) ekrk&firk dh vkKk ekuuh pkfg,A
(Ä) xka/h th us dgk Fkkµlnk lR; cksyksA
(p) lq[k&nq[k thou esa vkrs jgrs gSaA
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
vius vuqlkj nwljksa osQ thou dks pykuk vuqfpr gSA izR;sd dks viuh bPNkuqlkj thus dk
vfèkdkj gSA euq"; dks vgadkjh gksdj nwljksa ij viuk vf/dkj ugha tekuk pkfg,A gesa lHkh
dh Hkkoukvksa o fopkjksa dk lEeku djuk pkfg,A
lgikfB;ksa esa fo'ks"k jgus dk ncko] ijh{kk dk ekufld ncko] ikjEifjd o vk/qfud lksp dh
VdjkgV dk nckoA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
cPps Lo;a vius vè;kid dh lgk;rk ls mRrj nsaxsA
cPps Lo;a vius fopkj crk,¡xsA
vkb, oqQN djsa
cPps Lo;a dBiqrfy;k¡ cukdj jax HkjsaxsA

63
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2 × 5 = 10

(d) ^ge dBiqryh gSa*µdfo us ^eSa* u dgdj ^ge* 'kCn dk iz;ksx fdlfy, fd;k gS\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) ^Mxj ugha cukuh iM+rh* dk D;k vFkZ gS\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) euq"; viuh Mksj dks nwljs osQ gkFkksa esa nsdj Lo;a dks vk”kkn oSQls le>us yxrk gS\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) vk¡[k] dku] ukd] eq¡g] lc c¡/s jgus ls D;k rkRi;Z gS\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) D;k vkidks Hkh yxrk gS fd vkidk thou dksbZ vkSj pyk jgk gS\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- dfork dh fuEufyf[kr iafDr;ksa dks iwjk dhft,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) gj vkneh ,d dBiqryh gS
--------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) vk”kknh osQ ukjs yxkus okyksa dks ns[kksµ

--------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) ukekywe rjhosQ ls

--------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) dksbZ vkSj dgha ls gesa pyk jgk gS

--------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) ,d dBiqryh
--------------------------------------------------------------------

64
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- dfork esa ls dksbZ ik¡p fo'ks"k.k&fo'ks"; Nk¡Vdj fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 =5

-------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- --------------------------------------

-------------------------------------- --------------------------------------

2- ^dBiqryh* 'kCn nks 'kCnksa osQ ;ksx (dB $ iqryh) ls cuk gSA blh izdkj ls u, 'kCn
cukb,µ 1 × 5 =5
(d) ------------------- $ fuHkZjrk ¾ -------------------------------------
([k) ------------------- $ nkf;Ro ¾ -------------------------------------

(x) ------------------- $ Hkkjr ¾ -------------------------------------

(?k) ------------------- $ naM ¾ -------------------------------------

(Ä) ------------------- $ eqDr ¾ -------------------------------------

3- O;kdj.k dh n`f"V ls fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk ifjp; nhft,µ 1 × 5 =5

mnkgj.kµ ge µ iq#"kokpd loZuke

(d) dBiqryh µ ------------------------------------------------------
([k) HkykbZ µ ------------------------------------------------------

(x) ,d µ ------------------------------------------------------

(?k) cukuk µ ------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) fdlh µ ------------------------------------------------------

65
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ3
dYiuk 'kfDr ij vk/kfjr
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 10

1- dBiqryh dk [ksy fn[kkus okys fnu&c&fnu de gksrs tk jgs gSa\ vkiosQ fopkj esa bl
dyk dks thfor D;ksa jguk pkfg,\ 5
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- vkiosQ vkl&ikl dbZ ,sls izk.kh gSa tks dBiqryh dh rjg thou O;rhr djus osQ fy,
ckè; gSa\ muosQ ckjs esa fyf[k,A 5
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66
 mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) ^ge* vFkkZr~ ge lHkh O;fDr fdlh&u&fdlh :i esa dBiqryh dh gh rjg gSaA
([k) tc ge Lo;a dks nwljksa osQ v/hu NksM+ nsrs gSa rc ge lqfo/kthoh gks tkrs gSaA ge vius
fy, u, jkLrs cukus osQ fy, ¯pfrr ugha gksrsA
(x) tc euq"; vius thou dh Mksj fdlh nwljs dks lkSai nsrk gS rc og la?k"kZ djus osQ fy,
ckè; ugha jgrkA vr% Lo;a dks vk”kkn le>us yxrk gSA
(?k) bldk rkRi;Z gS fd ge lR; ls eq¡g eksM+ ysrs gSaA gekjs cksyus] le>us rFkk eglwl djus
dh vk”kknh fNu tkrh gSA
(Ä) gekjs ekrk&firk] vè;kfidk o ifjokj osQ lnL; gekjs thou ij fu;a=k.k j[krs gSa] D;ksafd
ge vHkh NksVs gSaA
2- (d) ge vkSjr ,d dBiqryh gS
([k) mudh Mksj Hkh muosQ gkFk esa ugha gSA
(x) dBiqryh cus gq, ge thrs jgrs gSa cjl&nj&cjl
(?k) dksbZ vkSj dgha ls gesa tks dg jgk gS
(Ä) g”kkjksa dBiqrfy;k¡ rS;kj djrh gSA

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- fo'ks"k.k fo'ks";
viuh Mksj
gj vkneh
muosQ gkFk
,d dBiqryh
g”kkjksa dBiqrfy;k¡
2- (d) vkRefuHkZjrk ([k) mRrjnkf;Ro (x) egkHkkjr
(?k) e`R;qnaM (Ä) jksxeqDr
3- (d) tkfrokpd laKk ([k) Hkkookpd laKk (x) la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k
(?k) fozQ;k (Ä) vfu'p;okpd fo'ks"k.k


67
 11 dkpw dh Vksih
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) dkpw esgur&e”knwjh djosQ viuk xq”kkjk djrk FkkA
([k) ljnh osQ ekSle esa igkM+ksa esa dke&/a/ksa osQ can gksus osQ dkj.k dkpw xk¡o NksM+dj eSnku esa vk
tkrk FkkA
(x) dkpw dh iRuh us mls vius gkFk ;s cquh ,d xje Vksih nhA
(?k) ikoZQ esa uhan ls tkxus osQ ckn dkpw us ns[kk fd mlosQ flj ij Vksih ugha FkhA
(Ä) dkpw dks viuh Vksih ikoZQ esa ,d cSap ij lks jgs ,d vkneh osQ flj ij fn[kkbZ nhA
fyf[kr
1- (d) dkpw igkM+ dh BaM ls ijs'kku jgrk Fkk] D;ksafd BaM vkus ij lHkh dke&/a/s can gks tkrs
FksA
([k) tc dkpw cSap ij lks lgk Fkk rc fdlh O;fDr us mlosQ flj ls Vksih mrkj yh FkhA
(x) dkpw us pksj dks fcuk crk, mlosQ flj ls Vksih mrkj yhA
(?k) dkpw Vksih pksj dks okfil djuk pkgrk Fkk] ijarq mls pksj <w¡<+us ij Hkh ugha feykA og
viuh leL;k osQ lek/ku osQ fy, Fkkus x;kA
(Ä) Fkkusnkj us dkpw dks nks ?kaVs lksus dh l”kk nhA
2- (d) dkpw osQ psgjs ij [kq'kh >yd vkbZ] D;ksafd mls mldh Vksih okil fey xbZ FkhA
([k) dkpw dh lPpkbZ vkSj bZekunkjh osQ dkj.k mls Vksih esa igys okyh xjeh eglwl gqbZA
(x) dkpw us Fkkusnkj dks mldh leL;k dk lek/ku djus vkSj pksjh dh l”kk lqukus osQ fy,
/U;okn fd;kA
ewY;ijd iz'u
'kk;n Vksih pqjkus okys pksj dks cqjk&Hkyk dgrs vkSj mlls viuh Vksih Nhu ysrsA
;fn eSa dkpw tSlk cu tkm¡Q rks lHkh yksxksa dks eq> ij xoZ gksxkA

68
mPpLrjh; iz'u
okLro esa nksuksa gh pksj FksA
cPpksa n~okjk fn, x, mRrjksa ij Hkh ppkZ dh tkuh pkfg,A
orZeku le; esa bZekunkjh dks ew[kZrk ekuk tkrk gS blfy, dHkh&dHkh viuh ckr dks fln~/
djus osQ fy, csbZekuh rks ugha] ijarq pkykdh ls dke ysuk iM+rk gSA
cPps Lo;a vius vuqHko ls mnkgj.k nsaxsA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) mldk ;gk¡ dksbZ fBdkuk ugha FkkA
([k) dkpw dks BaM yxuh can gks xbZA
(x) pyrs le; mldh iRuh us ,d xje Vksih mls nhA
(?k) rqEgkjh Vksih okil rqEgkjs ikl okil vk xbZA
(Ä) bl pksjh dh eq>s Hkh l”kk nsaA
2- (d) BaMh ([k) bZekunkjh (x) pksjh (?k) [kq'kh (Ä) lPpkbZ
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
lPpkbZ] bZekunkjh] d#.kk] ijksidkj] LokfHkeku vkSj v¯glk tSls xq.kksa dks viukus ls Lo;a dks
cqjkbZ osQ jkLrs ij pyus ls cpk;k tk ldrk gSA
pksjh] ekjihV] ywVikV] /ks[kk/M+h vkSj voS/ dk;ks± dh f'kdk;r djus osQ fy, yksx Fkkus tkrs
gSaA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
lwpuk 16&11&20XX
[kks;k&ik;k
iqQVckWy osQ eSnku esa yky jax dh ,d xje Vksih feyh gSA ml Vksih ij fjckWd fy[kk gSA ftl
Hkh Nk=k dh ;g Vksih gks og d{kk nloha ^ch* dh Nk=kk vafdrk igy ls rqjar laioZQ djsA
[kks;k&ik;k foHkkx
;fn dkpw dks Vksih u feyh gksrh rks Hkh og Fkkus esa gh tkdj f'kdk;r djrkA
vkb, oqQN djsa
cPps Lo;a djsaxsA

69
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2 × 5 = 10

(d) igkM+ksa ij dke&/a/s can gksus osQ D;k dkj.k gksrs gSa\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) dkpw ikoZQ esa lhesaV osQ BaMs cSap ij cSB dj vkjke D;ksa djus yxk\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) dkpw us viuh Vksih yM+&>xM+dj okil D;ksa ugha yh\

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) igyh ckj pksj dks fcuk txk, Vksih ysus ij dkpw dks Vksih iguus esa xjekgV D;ksa
ugha eglwl gqbZ\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) ^Fkkusnkj dks bl [ksy esa e”kk vk jgk Fkk*µ;gk¡ fdl [ksy osQ ckjs esa ckr gks jgh
gS\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCn&lewgksa dk okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) myV&iqyVdj µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) eu&gh&eu µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) esgur&e”knwjh µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) dksbZ&u&dksbZ µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) gks&u&gks µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

70
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ opu cnydj fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) igkM+ µ ------------------------------ ([k) Vksih µ ------------------------------

(x) FkSys µ ------------------------------ (?k) vk¡[k µ ------------------------------

(Ä) oqQjlh µ ------------------------------

2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa ls fo'ks"k.k 'kCn vyx djosQ fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) xje Vksih µ -----------------------------------
([k) viuh cSap µ -----------------------------------
(x) ,d Fkkusnkj µ -----------------------------------
(?k) nks ?kaVs µ -----------------------------------
(Ä) [kkyh oqQjlh µ -----------------------------------

3- fuEufyf[kr js[kkafdr dkjdksa dk Hksn fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) ljnh vkrs gh igkM+ksa ij BaM c<+ tkrh gSA µ -------------------------------------

([k) dkpw us Vksih vius FkSys esa j[k nhA µ -------------------------------------

(x) dkpw osQ psgjs ij [kq'kh >yd vkbZA µ -------------------------------------

(?k) lkgc] ;g esjs ikl pksjh ls vkbZ gSA µ -------------------------------------

(Ä) Vksih okil djus osQ fy, og cSap osQ ikl vk;kA µ -------------------------------------

71
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ3
dYiuk 'kfDr ij vk/kfjr
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 10

1- D;k vkidks vius vkl&ikl fdlh O;fDr esa dkpw tSlk Hkksykiu fn[kkbZ nsrk gS\
mlosQ ckjs esa fyf[k,A 5
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2- ^Vksih* fo"k; ij ,d dfork fyf[k,A 5

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72
 mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) vR;ar ljnh iM+us ij tc cI+kZQ fxjrh gS rc vkus&tkus osQ jkLrs can gks tkrs gSaA ,sls esa
igkM+ksa ij dke&/a/s can gks tkrs gSaA blosQ vfrfjDr Hkw&L[kyu tSlh izko`Qfrd vkinkvksa
osQ le; Hkh dke&/a/ksa esa eanh vk tkrh gSA
([k) xk¡o ls 'kgj rd vkrs&vkrs dkpw Fkd x;k FkkA 'kgj esa mldk dksbZ fBdkuk Hkh ugha Fkk]
blfy, og oqQN nsj vkjke djus osQ fy, lhesaV osQ BaMs cSap ij cSB x;kA
(x) dkpw lh/k&lknk Hkksyk balku FkkA yM+kbZ&>xM+s esa mldk fo'okl ugha FkkA nwljs] mlus ;g
Hkh lkspk fd ;fn pksj dks uhan ls txk nw¡] rks gks ldrk gS fd og Vksih ysdj Hkkx tk,A
(?k) dkpw dks Vksih igudj xjekgV eglwl ugha gqbZA bldk dkj.k lkspus ij og bl fu"d"kZ
ij igq¡pk fd mlus pksj osQ flj ls mls fcuk crk, Vksih mrkj yhA ;g Hkh pksjh gh gSA mls
Vksih ek¡xdj ysuh pkfg, FkhA
(Ä) tc dkpw us Fkkusnkj dks lkjk fdLlk lquk;k rks Fkkusnkj dks dkpw dk Hkksykiu ns[kdj g¡lh
vk xbZA Fkkusnkj us tc dkpw ls Vksih ysdj mls gh okil dj nh] rc dkpw n~okjk l”kk
dh ek¡x dh ckr lqudj Fkkusnkj dks ;g ,d e”ksnkj [ksy yxus yxkA
2- (d) eEeh us pknj dks myV&iqyVdj vPNh rjg ls tk¡p fy;k fd og dgha ls iQVh gqbZ rks
ugha gSA
([k) Jho`Q".k eu&gh&eu nq;ksZ/u dh ew[kZrk ij eqLdjkus yxsA
(x) fdlku esgur&e”knwjh dj nks oDr dh jksVh dek ikrk gSA
(?k) eksgu Bhd ls py ugha ikrk] ijarq dksbZ&u&dksbZ mldh enn djus vk gh tkrk gSA
(Ä) gks&u&gks ;s osQys canj us gh [kk, gksaxsA

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) igkM+ksa ([k) Vksfi;k¡ (x) FkSyk (?k) vk¡[ksa (Ä) oqQjfl;k¡
2- (d) xje ([k) viuh (x) ,d (?k) nks (Ä) [kkyh
3- (d) vf/dj.k dkjd ([k) drkZ dkjd (x) laca/ dkjd
(?k) dj.k dkjd (Ä) laiznku dkjd


73
 12 iz F ke iz / kuea = h
ia tokgjyky usg:
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) vaxzs”kksa us viuh rkdr vkSj pkykdh ls Hkkjrh;ksa esa iwQV Mkydj mls foiQy cuk fn;k FkkA
([k) Lons'kh viukvks vkSj fons'kh oLrqvksa dk cfg"dkj djksA
(x) dksbZ Hkh Hkkjrh; vaxsz”k ljdkj dks 'kklu djus esa enn u djsA
(?k) usg: th dks mRrj izns'k dkaxzsl desVh dk ea=kh cuk fn;k x;kA
(Ä) Hkkjr esa u rks eSa vaxsz”kksa osQ 'kklu dks Lohdkj djrk gw¡ vkSj u gh bl vnkyr dksA
fyf[kr
1- (d) mudh vlyh f'k{kk ,d cw<+s eqa 'kh th ls muosQ vius ?kj esa gqbZA eqa 'kh th usg: th dk
eu cgykus osQ fy, vusd dgkfu;k¡ lqukrs Fks] ftuesa Lora =krk&la xzke dh lPph dgkfu;k¡
Hkh gksrh FkhaA mUgsa ns'k&izse dh lPph f'k{kk eqa'kh th ls gh izkIr gqbZA
([k) lu 1916 esa y[kumQ esa dka xzsl osQ vf/os'ku osQ nkSjku usg: th dh eqykdkr xka /h th
ls gqbZA os xka/h th ls brus vf/d izHkkfor gq, fd muosQ f'k"; cu x,A
(x) baXySaM osQ ;qojkt osQ Hkkjr vkus ij dkaxzsl us cfg"dkj fd;kA usg: th us Hkh fojks/ esa
ipsZ ck¡VsA bUgsa fxj-Ýrkj dj fy;k x;k vkSj bu ij eqdnek pykA bUgksaus vaxzs”kh ljdkj
rFkk mldh vnkyr dks Lohdkj djus ls euk dj fn;kA tc eftLVªsV us buls iwNk fd
3 fnlacj] 1921 dks vki dkaxzsl desVh dh ehfVax esa Fks] rks bUgksaus dksbZ tokc ugha fn;kA
blfy, mUgsa 6 eghus dh oSQn vkSj 100 #i;s tqekZus dh l”kk lqukbZ xbZA
(?k) lu 1928 esa lkbeu deh'ku Hkkjr vk;kA ljdkj us dgk ;g deh'ku Hkkjr esa lq/kj
osQ vusd mik; lq>k,xk] ijarq Hkkjrh; le> x, Fks fd vaxzs”k lq/kj osQ uke ij turk
dks iqQlyk jgs gSaA
(Ä) lu 1946 osQ pquko esa dkaxzsl dks Hkkjh cgqer feyk] ftlls og thr xbZA dka xzsl dh
liQyrk ns[kdj vaxzs”kh ljdkj Mxexk xbZA mls fo'okl gks x;k Fkk fd vaxzs”kh 'kklu
vc vkSj ugha py ldrkA ok;ljk; us etcwj gksdj dkaxzsl dks varfje ljdkj cukus osQ
fy, dg fn;kA

74
 (p) 7 flracj] 1956 dks Hkkjr osQ jk"Vªifr MkWú jktsanz izlkn us usg: th dks ns'k dk loksZPp
lEeku ^Hkkjr jRu* nsdj lEekfur fd;kA
2- (d) (i) ([k) (ii) (x) (iii) (?k) (iv) (Ä) (i)
ewY;ijd iz'u
Lora=krk ge lHkh osQ fy, cgqr egRRoiw.kZ gSA bls cpk, j[kus osQ fy, ge vius ns'k dh
mUufr gsrq dk;Z djsaxs rFkk HkkbZpkjs dk O;ogkj djasxsA jk"Vªh; èot rFkk jk"Vªxku dk lEeku
djsaxs ,oa jk"Vªh; ioks± tSls 26 tuojh] 15 vxLr rFkk 2 vDVwcj ij vius fon~;ky; esa euk,
tkus okys dk;ZØeksa esa Hkkx ysaxs rFkk Lora=krk izkfIr osQ fy, la?k"kZ djus okyksa osQ fo"k; esa
vius f'k{kdksa ls tkusaxsA mudk vuqlj.k djsaxs rkfd cM+s gksdj ge Hkh jk"Vª dh lqj{kk dj
losaQA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
cPps Lo;a ikB i<+dj dksbZ rhu fo'ks"krk,¡ foLrkj ls fy[ksaxsA
cPps Lo;a vius&vius mRrj nsaxsA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) osQ fcuk ([k) vkSj (x) osQ vkxs (?k) /hjs (Ä) vpkud
2- mn~ns'; fo/s;
(d) xka/h th us vlg;ksx vkanksyu 'kq: fd;kA
([k) nsgjknwu esa dkaxzslh usrkvksa us lHkk dk vk;kstu fd;kA
(x) Hkkjrh; usrk vaxzs”kksa dh pky le> x, FksA
(?k) Hkkjr dk 'kklu usg: th osQ gkFk esa vk x;kA
(Ä) tokgjyky usg: tsy ls NwVrs gh firk ls feyus x,A
(p) caxky esa Lons'kh vkanksyu mxz :i ysrk tk jgk FkkA
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
cPps Lo;a viuh ilan dk izlax ;k ?kVuk lquk,¡xsA
cPps Lo;a vius fopkj crk,¡xsA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
vaxzs”kksa dh ijra=krk ls iwoZ Hkkjr ,d [kq'kgky ns'k FkkA Hkkjr dks fo'o esa ^lksus dh fpfM+;k*
osQ uke ls tkuk tkrk FkkA og fdlh Hkh dk;Z o {ks=k esa vU; ns'kksa ls ihNs ugha Fkk] ijarq tc
ls vaxzs”kksa us Hkkjr dks viuh xqykeh dh ta”khjksa esa tdM+ fy;k] rc ls Hkkjr dh fLFkfr cn
ls cnrj gksrh pyh xbZA yksxksa dks dbZ leL;kvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA Hkq[kejh] dkykck”kkjh]
75
 'kks"k.k] fu/Zurk ;s lc vke leL;k,¡ cu xbZ FkhaA ;fn vaxsz”k Hkkjr ij lkS lky vkSj 'kklu
djrs] rks 'kk;n Hkkjroklh dHkh vk”kkn u gks ikrsA fu/Zurk o Hkq[kejh ls izfrfnu g”kkjksa yksxksa
dh e`R;q gksrhA vaxzs”kksa n~okjk e”knwj oxZ dk 'kks"k.k c<+rk gh tkrk vkSj ,d fnu Hkkjr dk uke
lalkj osQ ekufp=k ls gh gV tkrk vkSj fczfV'k ljdkj dk gh uke gksrkA
f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk viuh ns[k&js[k esa okn&fookn izfr;ksfxrk vk;ksftr djsaxsA
vkb, oqQN djsa
usg: th Hkkjr dks vk/qfud Hkkjr osQ :i esa ns[kuk pkgrs FksA os Hkkjr dks fo'o esa loZJ"s B cukuk
pkgrs FksA oSKkfud izxfr rFkk vk/qfud jgu&lgu dks ns[kdj usg: th izlUu gksxa As oSKkfud {ks=k
esa vusd midj.kksa dk fuekZ.k] ;gk¡ rd fd panez k ij viuk èot yxkus esa liQyrk ns[kdj] mUgsa
+ Hkkjr esa c<+rk vkra dokn ns[kdj mUgsa ?kksj fujk'kk gksxhA usg: th
cgqr gh g"kZ gksxkA nwljh rjIkQ]
pkgrs Fks fd Lo;a 'kkafr ls jgsa vkSj nwljksa dks Hkh 'kkafr ls jgus ns]a blfy, mUgsa ^'kkafr nwr* dgk
x;kA Hkkjr esa txg&txg ce foLiQksV ns[kdj usg: th dk eu v'kkar gks tk,xkA
uksVµ cPpksa dks izsfjr djsa fd os viuh dYiuk&'kfDr dk iz;ksx djosQ Lo;a mRrj fy[ksaA
ia ú tokgjyky usg: ls ysdj orZeku dky rd osQ izèkkuea f=k;ksa dh lwph fuEufyf[kr gSµ
uke dc ls dc rd
1- Jh tokgjyky usg: µ 15 vxLr] 1947 µ 27 ebZ] 1964
2- Jh xqytkjh yky ua nk µ 27 ebZ] 1964 µ 9 twu] 1964
3- Jh ykycgknqj 'kkL=kh µ 9 twu] 1964 µ 11 tuojh] 1966
4- Jh xqytkjh yky ua nk µ 11 tuojh] 1966 µ 24 tuojh] 1966
5- Jherh bafnjk xka/h µ 24 tuojh] 1966 µ 24 ekpZ] 1977
6- Jh eksjkjth nslkbZ µ 24 ekpZ] 1977 µ 28 tqykbZ] 1979
7- Jh pkS/jh pj.k flag µ 28 tqykbZ] 1979 µ 14 tuojh] 1980
8- Jherh ba fnjk xka/h µ 14 tuojh] 1980 µ 31 vDrwcj] 1984
9- Jh jktho xka /h µ 31 vDrwcj] 1984 µ 2 fnla cj] 1989
10- Jh ohúihú flag µ 2 fnla cj] 1989 µ 10 uoa cj] 1990
11- Jh pa nz'ks[kj µ 10 uoacj] 1990 µ 21 twu] 1991
12- Jh ihúohú ujflagkjko µ 21 twu] 1991 µ 1 ebZ] 1996
13- Jh vVy fcgkjh oktis;h µ 16 ebZ] 1996 µ 1 twu] 1996
14- Jh ,púMhú nsoxkSM+k µ 1 twu] 1996 µ 21 vizSy] 1997
15- Jh banz oqQekj xqtjky µ 21 vizSy] 1997 µ 19 ekpZ 1998
16- Jh vVy fcgkjh oktis;h µ 19 ekpZ] 1998 µ 22 ebZ 2004
17- MkWú eueksgu flag µ 22 ebZ] 2004 µ 26 ebZ] 2014
18- ujsanz eksnh µ 26 ebZ] 2014 µ vc rd

76
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2 × 5 = 10

(d) tokgjyky usg: th dk cpiu oSQlk chrk\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) usg: th dh f'k{kk&nh{kk dk vius 'kCnksa esa o.kZu dhft,A

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) baXySaM esa jgrs gq, Hkh tokgjyky th us fdl ckr dk vuqlj.k fd;k\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) tokgjyky usg: th dks dc rFkk D;ksa ?kk;y fd;k x;k\

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) tokgjyky usg: th dh e`R;q dc rFkk fdl izdkj gqbZ\

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2- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dks i<+dj iz'uksa dk fuekZ.k dhft,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) 17 vDVwcj] 1930 dks eksrhyky usg: elwjh esa chekj iM+s FksA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) tokgjyky th baXySaM osQ izfln~/ ^gsjks* LowQy esa i<+us x,A
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) cPpksa esa ns'k&izse dks mRiUu djuk bl ladyu dk mn~ns'; gSA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) iaú usg: Hkkjr osQ izFke iz/kuea=kh FksA

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) budk fookg deyk ls gqvk vkSj budh iq=kh dk uke bafnjk FkkA
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77
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- fuEufyf[kr rn~Hko 'kCnksa osQ rRle :i fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) gkFk µ ----------------------- ([k) gkFkh µ -----------------------
(x) eq¡g µ ----------------------- (?k) vk¡[k µ -----------------------
(Ä) lk¡i µ -----------------------
2- fn, x, funsZ'kksa osQ vuqlkj okD;ksa dks cnydj iqu% fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 =5
(d) nsgjknwu esa dkaxzslh usrkvksa us lHkk dk vk;kstu fd;kA (Hkfo";r dky)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) vkt ckfj'k gksxhA (orZeku dky)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) ekek th iwuk tk jgs gSaA (Hkwrdky)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) vaxzs”k 'kklu vkSj ugha py ldrk gSA (Hkfo";r dky)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) usrkx.k lHkkvksa esa Hkk"k.k ns jgs FksA (orZeku dky)

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3- uhps fn, x, fjDr LFkkuksa dks eat"w kk ls pqudj mfpr vO;;ksa n~okjk Hkfj,µ 1 × 5 =5

rFkk] ysfdu] ;gk¡] tc&rc] vpkud

(d) ge lc /wi dk vkuan ys jgs Fks fd ----------------------- ckfj'k 'kq: gks xbZA
([k) jksgu gksf'k;kj gS ----------------------- og cgqr NqV~fV;k¡ ysrk gSA
(x) dksey dks iQy ----------------------- twl nksuksa cgqr ilan gSaA
(?k) ----------------------- er [ksyks] rqEgsa pksV yx tk,xhA
(Ä) ----------------------- o"kkZ gksrh gS ----------------------- eksj ukp mBrs gSaA

78
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ3
dYiuk 'kfDr ij vk/kfjr
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 10

1- Hkkjr ij vaxzs”kksa us dbZ lkyksa rd 'kklu fd;kA dYiuk dhft, vkSj fyf[k, fd ;fn
vki ml ”kekus esa tUes gksrs rks Lora=krk laxzke esa D;k Hkwfedk fuHkkrs\ 5
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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2- iaú usg: ,d vkn'kZ O;fDr FksA D;k vki fdlh dks viuk vkn'kZ ekurs gSa\ muosQ
fo"k; esa oqQN iafDr;k¡ fyf[k,A 5
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79
 mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) tokgjyky usg: th dk cpiu jbZlh esa chrkA muosQ firk cgqr /uh Fks] vr% usg: th
dk cpiu Hkh lq[k&le`n~f/ ls ifjiw.kZ FkkA
([k) tokgjyky usg: th dks i<+kus osQ fy, lcls igys ?kj ij gh ^czqDl* uke osQ ,d vaxzs”k
vè;kid j[ks x,] ¯drq vlyh f'k{kk cw<+s eaq'kh th ls feyhA ckn esa mUgsa baXySaM osQ izfl¼
^gsjks* LowQy esa Hkstk x;k] mlosQ ckn fo'oizfln~/ ^ozSaQfczt* ls mUgksaus f'k{kk izkIr dhA
(x) baXySaM esa jgrs gq, Hkh tokgjyky th us ^Lons'kh&vkanksyu* dk vuqlj.k fd;kA mUgksaus
foyk;rh oL=kksa dks R;kxdj Hkkjrh; oL=k /kj.k dj fy,A
(?k) lu 1928 esa lkbeu deh'ku osQ fo#n~/ tqywl fudkyus osQ dkj.k iqfyl us tokgjyky
usg: th dks ihV&ihVdj ?kk;y dj fn;kA
(Ä) tokgjyky usg: th dh e`R;q 27 ebZ] 1964 dks ihB esa nnZ mBus osQ dkj.k gqbZA
2- (d) eksrhyky usg: dc rFkk dgk¡ chekj iM+s\
([k) tokgjyky th dgk¡ i<+us x,\
(x) bl ladyu dk D;k mn~ns'; gS\
(?k) iaú usg: dkSu Fks\
(Ä) budk fookg fdu ls gqvk rFkk budh iq=kh dk uke D;k Fkk\

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) gLr ([k) gLrh (x) eq[k (?k) vf{k (Ä) liZ
2- (d) nsgjknwu esa dkaxzslh usrk lHkk dk vk;kstu djsaxsA
([k) vkt ckfj'k gks jgh gSA
(x) ekek th iwuk x, FksA
(?k) vaxzs”k 'kklu vkSj ugha pysxkA
(Ä) usrkx.k lHkkvksa esa Hkk"k.k ns jgs gSaA
3- (d) vpkud ([k) ysfdu (x) rFkk (?k) ;gk¡ (Ä) tc] rc


80
 13 eSa cht gw¡
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) cht Lo;a vius ckjs esa crk jgk gSA
([k) cht osQ vaoqQfjr gksus ij mls ns[kus osQ fy, nqfu;k ,d=k gksdj vk,xhA
(x) cht /jrh osQ Hkhrj fNik gqvk gSA
(?k) cht ls gh isM+&ikS/s mxrs gSaA cht u gks rks ouLifr ugha gksxhA cht gh izo`Qfr dk vk/kj gSA
fyf[kr
1- (d) cht dks /jrh ls ckgj vkus osQ fy, gok] ikuh] mel] /wi vkSj moZj feV~Vh dh ”k:jr
gksrh gSA
([k) vaoqQj iwQVus ij nqfu;k mls ns[kus vk,xhA vaoqQj fodflr gksdj ikS/k cusxkA
(x) tc rd cht /jrh osQ xHkZ esa nck gqvk gS rc rd ml ij fdlh dh u”kj ugha tkrh
vkSj nqfu;k mldh laHkkoukvksa ls cs[kcj jgrh gSA
(?k) /jrh dh dks[k tknqbZ gS] D;ksafd ogh izo`Qfr dh tuuh gSA cht osQ vaoqQj :i esa izLiqQfVr
gksus dk Js; /jrh dks gh tkrk gSA
2- cht dgrk gS fd vkt nqfu;k osQ fy, eSa egRRoghu g¡w] /jrh dh xksn esa nck gqvk gw¡] blfy,
esjh rkdr ls lc vutku gSaA /jrh dh dks[k esa ,slk tknw gS fd ogh esjk fodkl djsxhA
ewY;ijd iz'u
ge iznw"k.k jksdus] i;kZoj.k dk LoPN j[kus] i'kq&if{k;ksa osQ izfr laosnu'khy cuus rFkk isM+ksa dks
u dkVus esa viuk ;ksxnku nsaxsA
eSa vius fe=k dks gj izfr;ksfxrk] gj lkewfgd fozQ;k] gj [ksy] gj dk;ZozQe vkfn esa Hkkx ysus
osQ fy, izksRlkfgr d:¡xk@d:¡xhA cPpksa n~okjk fn, x, vU; lq>koksa dks Hkh ekuk tk ldrk gSA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
^cht* osQ ekè;e ls dfo ukxktqZu gesa ;g crkuk pkgrs gSa fd izR;sd euq"; esa vusd xq.k fNis
gq, gSa] mlesa bruh 'kfDr gS fd og nqfu;k dks vk'p;Z esa Mky nsA

81
 euq"; vusd izfrowQy ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls nck jgrk gS_ tSlsµvk£Fkd] ikfjokfjd] lkekftd vkfnA
blosQ vfrfjDr Lo;a vius vanj osQ Mj] vkRefo'okl dh deh rFkk vU; nqxZq.kksa ls Hkh nck
jgrk gSA
dfo us cht osQ ekè;e ls vke vkneh dh laHkkoukvksa dh vksj laosQr fd;k gSA izR;sd euq";
osQ Hkhrj bruh 'kfDr] xq.k o izfrHkk fNih gqbZ gS fd og nqfu;k dks vk'p;Zpfdr dj nsA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- µ pyks] FkksM+k vkSj vkxs rd ?kwe vk,¡A
µ rqe vkSj D;k&D;k [kkvksxs\
µ fczfV'k ljdkj us oqQN vkSj ozQkafrdkfj;ksa dks fxjÝ+rkj dj fy;kA
µ ikFkZ us xf.kr osQ vkSj ik¡p iz'u gy fd,A
µ vf/dkjh dks vkSj dbZ 'kgjksa osQ fctyh osQ fcy rS;kj djus gSaA
2- rRle 'kCn µ vfXu ?k`r jkf=k Lo.kZ eq[k
ns'kt 'kCn µ f[kM+dh >qXxh ixM+h yksVk fMfc;k
3- (d) cpiu ([k) yM+diu (x) lqanjrk (?k) e/qjrk
(Ä) ?kcjkgV (p) dM+okgV
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
i{kh iwQyksa osQ ijkx d.k vius ia[kksa ij ysdj tc mM+ku Hkjrs gSa rc os d.k tgk¡ fxjrs gSa] ogha
ikS/s mx tkrs gSaA blh izdkj ls tkuoj Hkh bl fozQ;k esa lg;ksx djrs gSaA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
cPps Lo;a fy[ksaxsA
tc eSaus /jrh esa cht cks;k
eu esjk [kwc&[kwc gj"kk;kA
nsrk ikuh mls lqcg 'kke
tSls u gks dksbZ vkSj dkeA
bd fnu cht oqQuequk;k
/jrh dks phj ckgj vk;kA
uUgk&lk ikS/k ygjk;k
ns[k mls eSa [kwc gj"kk;kA
vkb, oqQN djsa
cPps Lo;a viuh dYiuk o lksp osQ vk/kj ij mRrj nsaxsA
cPps Lo;a fp=k cuk,¡axs ftlls muesa l`tukRed dyk dk fodkl gksxkA
82
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2 × 5 = 10

(d) ^cht* dfork fdlosQ n~okjk vkSj fdl Hkk"kk esa fy[kh xbZ gS\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) bl dfork dk ewy Hkko D;k gS\

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(x) ckgj vkus dks dkSu mrkoyk gS\

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(?k) cht us vius fy, ;g D;ksa dgk fd og /jrh dh dks[k esa xoZQ gS\
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(Ä) cht dks vaoqQfjr gksus osQ fy, fdl izdkj dk okrkoj.k pkfg,\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- dfork dh fuEufyf[kr iafDr;ksa dks iwjk dhft,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) cl] FkksM+h vkSj mel

---------------------------------------------------------
([k) cl] FkksM+k vkSj HkqjHkqjkiu
---------------------------------------------------------
(x) dy jgw¡xk vaoqQj
---------------------------------------------------------
(?k) vyf{kr] uk&ph”k gw¡
---------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) cl] FkksM+k vkSj ikuh
---------------------------------------------------------

83
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk muosQ foykse 'kCnksa osQ lkFk feyku dhft,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) Hkyk (i) ”;knk
([k) dy (ii) vanj
(x) FkksM+k (iii) Nk¡o
(?k) ckgj (iv) cqjk
(Ä) /wi (v) vkt

2- oqQN 'kCnksa esa milxZ o izR;; nksuksa gh yxs gksrs gSaA

tSlsµ vyf{kr µ v (milxZ) $ y{; (ewy 'kCn) $ br (izR;;)
blh izdkj osQ ik¡p 'kCn cukb,µ 1 × 5 =5
(d) xSj $ dkuwu $ bZ ¾ ------------------------------------
([k) fuj~ $ /u $ rk ¾ ------------------------------------
(x) vu~ $ mipkj $ bd ¾ ------------------------------------
(?k) iz $ ek.k $ bd ¾ ------------------------------------
(Ä) lq $ xa/ $ br ¾ ------------------------------------

3- ^uk&ph”k* vkSj ^xoZQ* 'kCn vjch&IkQkjlh Hkk"kk osQ gSaA

ik¡p vjch&IkQkjlh Hkk"kk osQ 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 =5
-------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- --------------------------------------
-------------------------------------- --------------------------------------

84
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ3
dYiuk 'kfDr ij vk/kfjr
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 10

1- ^cht* dh rjg vkiesa Hkh vuar xq.k gSaA vki vius fdu xq.kksa dks vkSj fu[kkjuk
pkgsaxs\ 5
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2- xjeh osQ fnuksa esa ge mel vkSj /wi ls ijs'kku gks tkrs gSaA lkspdj crkb, fd ;s
nksuksa D;ksa vko';d gSa\ 5
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85
 mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) ^cht* dfork ukxktqZu n~okjk [kM+h cksyh esa fy[kh xbZ gSA
([k) ^cht* dfork esa cht viuh dgkuh crkrs gq, dg jgk gS fd tc mls gok] ikuh] mel]
/wi vkSj HkqjHkqjh feV~Vh dk lg;ksx feyrk gS rks og /jrh ls ckgj fudy vkrk gSA vaoqQfjr
gksus ij nqfu;k mldk Lokxr djrh gSA
(x) /jrh ls ckgj vkus dks cht mrkoyk gSA
(?k) cht /jrh dh dks[k esa nck gqvk gS] ;g fLFkfr vaoqQfjr gksus ls igys dh gSA
(Ä) cht dks vaoqQfjr gksus osQ fy, /wi] gok] ikuh] mel vkSj HkqjHkqjh feV~Vh dh ”k:jr gksrh
gSA ,slk okrkoj.k tks mls vaoqQfjr gksus esa lg;ksx djsA
2- (d) cl FkksM+h vkSj /wi
([k) µD;k nsj gS Hkyk ckgj vkus esa!
(x) cVqj&cVqj vk,xh nqfu;k] eq>s ns[kus dks vkrqj
(?k) xoZQ gw¡ /jrh dh tknqbZ dks[k esaA
(Ä) cl] FkksM+h vkSj gok

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) (iv) ([k) (v) (x) (i) (?k) (ii) (Ä) (iii)
2- (d) xSjdkuwuh ([k) fu/Zurk (x) vukSipkfjdrk (?k) izkekf.kd (Ä) lqxaf/r
3- fxjÝ+rkj tgk”k b””kr vkfr'kck”kh ”kgj


86
 14 eryc dh nqfu;k
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) rqEgkjs lHkh fe=k Hkfo"; fcxkM+us okys gSa] u fd nq[k osQ le; enn djus okysA
([k) D;ksafd mlus vius 50&60 nksLr crkdj firk th dh f[kYyh mM+kbZ FkhA
(x) ukjk;.k osQ firk osQ igys fe=k us mUgsa viuk lkjk /u [kpZ djosQ Hkh enn dh rlYyh nhA ogha
nwljs fe=k us vius ,d csVs dks vijk/h fln~/ djus dh ckr dghA
(?k) <ksaxh nksLrksa dk lkFk NksM+ i<+kbZ esa eu yxkus yxkA
(Ä) bl ikB dk mn~ns'; ;g le>kuk gS fd tks eqlhcr esa dke vkrs gSa] ogh lPps fe=k gksrs gSaA
fyf[kr
1- (d) ukjk;.k i<+kbZ esa cqn~/w Fkk vkSj lnk fe=kksa osQ lkFk [ksyrk jgrk FkkA
([k) fdlku osQ le>kus ij ukjk;.k us mRrj fn;k fd muosQ nks gh nksLr gSa tcfd mlosQ
ipkl&lkB nksLr gSa] tks ”k:jr iM+us ij tku rd nsus dks rS;kj gSaA
(x) fdlku us ukjk;.k osQ fe=kksa ls dgk fd ^ukjk;.k us xqLls esa ,d vkneh dks ykBh ls ekj
Mkyk gSA vc rqEgsa vius fe=k dks cpkuk gSA*
(?k) ukjk;.k osQ fe=kksa us mls fe=k ekuus ls euk dj fn;k] D;ksafd os mldh txg l”kk Hkksxus
dks rS;kj ugha FksA
(Ä) fdlku osQ fe=kksa dks lPpk nksLr dgk tk ldrk gS] D;ksafd fdlku dks ladV esa ns[k] os
/u rFkk tku nsus rd dks rS;kj gks x, FksA lPpk nksLr ogh gksrk gS] tks eqlhcr esa enn
djsA
2- (d) 'keZ ([k) f[kld (x) vk¡p (?k) iDosQ

ewY;ijd iz'u
eq>s yxrk gS fd ekrk&firk dk vf/d ykM+&I;kj cPpksa dks ftn~nh cuk nsrk gS tks cPps osQ
fy, Bhd ugha gSA vf/d ykM+&I;kj ls cPps fcxM+ tkrs gSa vkSj mUgsa yxrk gS gekjs ekrk&firk

87
 gekjh gj ckr eku tk,¡xs] cPpksa dh ;gh lksp mUgsa vDlj ykijokg cuk nsrh gSA ;fn ge cPps
dh ek¡x iwjh djus esa vleFkZ gSa rks gesa ;g ckr mUgsa I;kj ls le>kuh pkfg, vkSj mUgsa lnSo
vius ?kj dh ifjfLFkfr ls voxr djkuk pkfg,A dbZ ckj ekrk&firk dk vf/d ykM+&I;kj gh
cPps osQ fy, ?kkrd fln~/ gksrk gSA
;fn gekjk fe=k pksjh djrs gq, ;k >wB cksyrs gq, idM+k tk,] rks ge mls cpkus dh iwjh dksf'k'k
djsaxsA mlls bl ckr dh iwjh tkudkjh ysaxs fd mlus >wB ;k pksjh fdl dkj.k ls dh gS ;k
,slh dkSu&lh e”kcwjh Fkh ftlosQ dkj.k mlus ,slk fd;kA
ge vius fe=k dks le>kus dh iwjh dksf'k'k djsaxs fd og pksjh djuk NksM+ ns ;k >wB u cksysA
;fn fiQj Hkh u ekuk] rks ,sls fe=k dk lkFk NksM+ nsaxsA

mPpLrjh; iz'u
cPps vius&vius fopkj ls mRrj nsaxsA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d)nq'eu ([k) vkckn (x) le>nkj (?k) vfiz;
(Ä)cs'keZ (p) >wBk
2- (d)ukjk;.k cM+s ykM+ &I;kj esa ikyk x;k] ysfdu i<+kbZ esa cqn~/w fudykA
([k)
oqQN yM+dksa us dgkµ^^vth] ge vkiosQ yM+osQ dks tkurs gh ughaA**
(x)vxj eSa bl vkI+kQr osQ oDr rqEgkjh enn u d:¡] rks gekjh nksLrh dk eryc gh D;k jgk\
(?k)
ml fe=k us ukjk;.k osQ firk dks xys yxkdj fgEer c¡/krs gq, dgkµ^^esjs I;kjs nksLr!
rqEgsa Mjus dh dksbZ ckr ughaA**
(p) vius firk th dh ckrsa lqudj ukjk;.k xqLls esa vk x;k vkSj cksykµ^^ckcw th! vkiosQ
flI+kZQ nks gh nksLr gSa] esjs rks ipkl&lkB nksLr gSaA ”k:jr iM+us ij os lc esjs fy, tku
rd nsus dks rS;kj gSaA**
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
izfrfnu dh rjg ml fnu Hkh eSa vius fe=k dey osQ lkFk fon~;ky; tk jgk FkkA izkr%dky dk
le; Fkk] yksxksa dh pgy&igy de FkhA brus esa eSaus ns[kk fd lkeus ls oqQN yM+osQ lkbfdy
ij lokj gksdj gekjh rji+Q vk jgs FksA muesa ls ,d eq>s viuk 'k=kq le>rk FkkA mlus lkspk fd
ekSdk vPNk gS vkSj D;ksa u eSa vkt bldh [kcj ys yw¡ rFkk os lc eq>s ekjus yxsA os la[;k esa
”;knk Fks vkSj ge osQoy nksA eSaus dey ls dgk fd vkt rqEgsa viuh fe=krk fn[kkus dk vPNk

88
 volj feyk gSA esjh ckr lekIr Hkh u gqbZ Fkh fd mlus dgk] ^^dkSu&lh fe=krk\ eq>s viuh
gM~Mh&ilyh ugha rqM+okuhA** bu 'kCnksa dks lqurs gh esjs ân; esa vFkkg ihM+k gqbZA ftruh pksVsa
eq>s mu yM+dksa dh ekj ls yxh Fkha] muls vf/d dey osQ 'kCnksa us esjs ân; vkSj efLr"d
ij nh FkhaA
fe=k gekjs thou dh vko';drk gSA fcuk fe=k thou uhjl&lk yxrk gSA cpiu ls ;qokoLFkk
rd gekjs cgqr ls fe=k curs gSa] ijarq oqQN gh fe=k ,sls gksrs gSa tks lnSo gekjs lq[k&nq[k esa lkFk
nsrs gSaA vkt fe=krk dk nq#i;ksx gksus yxk gSA yksx vius LokFkks± dh iwfrZ osQ fy, fe=krk dk
<kssax jprs gSaA blfy, gesa cgqr lksp&le>dj osQoy ,d ;k nks fe=k cukus pkfg,] tks lnSo
gekjh lgk;rk o lqj{kk djsaA ;fn gekjs fe=kksa dh la[;k vf/d gS vkSj le; iM+us ij muesa ls
dksbZ Hkh gekjk lkFk u ns] rks ,sls fe=kksa dh gesa D;k vko';drk gS\ vkt dh bl vk/qfudrk
esa fj'rksa dh cqfu;kn esa izse o viusiu dk LFkku LokFkZ] ykyp o dVqrk us ys fy;k gSA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
cPps Lo;a lans'k fy[ksaxsA

vkb, oqQN djsa

cPPkksa ls dgsa fd iqLrdky; ls iqLrd ysdj d{kk esa Lo;a dgkfu;k¡ i<+saA

89
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2 × 5 = 10

(d) ukjk;.k dks vius firk dh fdl ckr ij xqLlk vk;k\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) firk us ukjk;.k osQ nksLrksa dh ijh{kk ysus dk D;k mik; lkspk\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) ukjk;.k osQ fdrus lPps fe=k fudys\

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) firk osQ fe=kksa dks ns[kdj ukjk;.k dks D;k lh[k feyh\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) bl ikB dk D;k mn~ns'; gS\

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ 2½ × 2 = 5

(d) vc bls rqe yksxksa dks cpkuk gksxkA
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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([k) ;s ckrsa lqudj ukjk;.k vpjt esa iM+ x;kA

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90
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa mfpr LFkku ij fojke&fpg~u yxkb,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) oqQN yM+dksa us dgk vth ge vkiosQ yM+osQ dks tkurs gh ugha
([k) eSa ns[kw¡xk rqEgkjs iq=k ij dksbZ vk¡p u vkus ik,
(x) rqEgkjs ,d gh csVk gS esjs rks ik¡p ik¡p csVs gSa
(?k) ”k:jr iM+us ij os lc esjs okLrs tku rd nsus dks rS;kj gSa
(Ä) vxj eSa bl vkI+kQr osQ oDr rqEgkjh enn u d:¡ rks gekjh nksLrh dk eryc gh D;k jgk
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ o.kZ&foPNsn dhft,µ 1 × 5 =5
(d) izkFkZuk µ ---------$---------$---------$---------$---------$---------$---------$---------
([k) fgEer µ ---------$---------$---------$---------$---------$---------$---------
(x) ewY;kadu µ ---------$---------$---------$---------$---------$---------$---------$---------$---------$---------
(?k) ”;knk µ ---------$---------$---------$---------$---------
(Ä) cfYd µ ---------$---------$---------$---------$---------

3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa ls Hkkookpd laKk,¡ cukb,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) yM+uk µ -------------------------------------------------

([k) [kq'k µ -------------------------------------------------
(x) ehBk µ -------------------------------------------------
(?k) nq[kh µ -------------------------------------------------
(Ä) lPpk µ -------------------------------------------------

91
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ3
dYiuk 'kfDr ij vk/kfjr
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 10

1- vkiosQ thou esa dHkh ,slk le; vk;k gS tc ”k:jr iM+us ij vkiosQ fdlh fe=k us
enn djus ls euk dj fn;k gks\ ml ?kVuk dks vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A 5
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- ^nksLr osQoy ,d ;k nks gh gksrs gSa*µD;k vki bl ckr ls lger gSa\ vius fopkj
roZQ lfgr fyf[k,A 5
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92
 mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) tc ukjk;.k osQ firk us mlosQ nksLrksa ij fVIi.kh dh] rc ukjk;.k dks xqLlk vk;kA ukjk;.k
osQ firk us dgk fd mlosQ nksLr erych gSa] nq[k esa dksbZ lkFk ugha nsxkA ukjk;.k firk dh
bl ckr ls lger ugha FkkA
([k) firk us ukjk;.k osQ fe=kksa dh ijh{kk ysus dk ,d vuks[kk mik; lkspkA mUgksua s mlosQ nksLrksa ls
>wB dgk fd ukjk;.k ls fdlh dh gR;k gks xbZ gS vkSj os lc mldh enn djsAa
(x) ukjk;.k dk ,d Hkh lPpk fe=k ugha fudykA fdlh us ukjk;.k dk lkFk ugha fn;kA
lHkh dksbZ u dksbZ cgkuk cukdj pys x,A
(?k) firk osQ fe=kksa dks ns[kdj ukjk;.k dks ;g lh[k feyh fd lPps fe=k osQoy ,d&nks gh gksrs
gSaA firk osQ nksLr lPps Fks rFkk mlosQ lHkh nksLr erych FksA
(Ä) bl ikB dk mn~ns'; fe=krk dh igpku djokuk gSA euq"; dks cgqr lksp&le>dj vius
nksLrksa dk pquko djuk pkfg,A eqlhcr esa lPps fe=k gh dke vkrs gSaA
2- (d) ukjk;.k osQ firk us mlosQ nksLrksa dh ijh{kk ysus osQ fy, >wBh dgkuh lqukbZA mUgksaus nksLrksa
ls dgk fd ukjk;.k us fdlh dks ekj Mkyk gS] vr% vc os gh mldks cpk,¡A
([k) vius firk osQ fe=kksa dh ckrsa rFkk vius fe=kksa dh ckrsa lqudj ukjk;.k gSjku gks x;kA ftUgsa
og viuk nksLr ekurk Fkk] os lc v¡xwBk fn[kkdj pys x, tcfd mlosQ firk osQ nksLr gj
izdkj dk R;kx djus dks rS;kj FksA
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) oqQN yM+dksa us dgk] ^^vth] ge vkiosQ yM+osQ dks tkurs gh ughaA**
([k) eSa ns[kw¡xk] rqEgkjs iq=k ij dksbZ vk¡p u vkus ik,A
(x) rqEgkjs ,d gh csVk gS] esjs rks ik¡p&ik¡p csVs gSaA
(?k) ”k:jr iM+us ij os lc esjs okLrs tku rd nsus dks rS;kj gSaA
(Ä) vxj eSa bl vkIk+ Qr osQ oDr rqEgkjh enn u d:¡] rks gekjh nksLrh dk eryc gh D;k jgk\
2- (d) i~ $ j~ $ vk $ j~ $ Fk~ $ v $ u~ $ vk
([k) g~ $ b $ e~ $ e~ $ v $ r~ $ v
(x) e~ $ Å $ y~ $ ;~ $ vk $ Ä~ $ o~Q $ v $ u~ $ v
(?k) ”k~ $ ;~ $ vk $ n~ $ vk
(Ä) c~ $ v $ y~ $ o~Q $ b
3- (d) yM+kbZ ([k) [kq'kh (x) feBkl (?k) nq[k (Ä) lPpkbZ


93
 15 fe=rk
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) mlosQ Hkko vifjekftZr vkSj cqn~f/ vifjiDo jgrh gSA
([k) D;ksafd mudh gj ckr gesa fcuk fojks/ eku ysuh iM+rh gS
(x) g¡leq[k psgjk] ckrphr dk <ax] FkksM+h prqjkbZ vkSj lkgl ns[k] yksx fdlh dks viuk fe=k cuk
ysrs gSaA
(?k) ftlesa mRre oSn~; dh&lh fuiq.krk vkSj vPNh&ls&vPNh ekrk dk&lk /S;Z vkSj dkseyrk gksA
(Ä) cqjh laxfr dh Nwr ls ges'kk cp dj jgksA
fyf[kr
1- (d) fe=kksa osQ pquko dh mi;qDrrk ij euq"; osQ thou dh liQyrk fuHkZj gksrh gS] D;ksafd
vPNs fe=k dne&dne ij gekjh lgk;rk djrs gSa] gekjk mfpr ekxZn'kZu djrs gSaA muosQ
lg;ksx ls gh ge vius y{; rd igq¡prs gSaA ;fn fe=k vPNs ugha gksaxs] rks gekjk Hkfo";
va /dkje; gks tk,xkA
([k) vkt dk ;qx ^dy;qx* osQ uke ls tkuk tkus yxk gS ftlesa osQoy LokFkhZ] dBksj o
ykyph yksxksa dh vf/drk gksrh tk jgh gSA ,sls esa ;fn gesa ,d vPNk fe=k fey tk,]
tks gekjs fo'okl dks cuk, j[ks vkSj ftl ij ge iw.kZ fo'okl dj losaQ] rks ge lnSo
lqjf{kr jgrs gSaA og ges'kk lroZQ jgdj gekjs voxq.kksa dks nwj djsxk] blfy, fo'oklik=k
fe=k dks [k”kkuk dgk x;k gSA
(x) fHkUu izÑfr vkSj LoHkko okys yksxksa esa Hkh fe=krk cuh jgrh gS] D;ksafd mUgsa ,d&nwljs osQ
xq.k vkdf"kZr djrs gSaA vius fe=k osQ xq.k ns[kdj nwljk vius dks iw.kZ le>rk gSA lPph
fe=krk esa ,d&nwljs osQ izfr lgkuqHkwfr gksrh gSA ,d dk gkfu&ykHk nwljs dk Hkh gkfu&ykHk
gksrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy, jke /hj vkSj 'kkar LoHkko osQ Fks] y{e.k mxz vkSj mn~/r LoHkko
osQ FksA nksuksa esa fe=krk [kwc fuHkhA
(?k) oqQlax osQ Toj dks lcls Hk;kud bl dkj.k dgk x;k gS] D;ksafd ;g Toj ftl fdlh
O;fDr dks gksrk gS] mldh uhfr o ln~o`fRr dk uk'k dj nsrk gS] ftldh otg ls cqnf~/
dk {k; gks tkrk gSA tc cqn~f/ dk gh uk'k gks tk,xk] rks O;fDr [kqn gh iru osQ xM~<s
esa fnu&c&fnu fxjrk pyk tk,xkA ,sls O;fDr dk fodkl #d tk,xkA
ys[kd us dgk gS fd ;fn ;qok iq#"k dh laxfr vPNh gksxh] rks oDr ij mls lgkjk nsdj]
le>kdj mUufr dh jkg ij ys tk,xhA blfy, fe=krk djus esa lko/kuh cjruh pkfg,A
94
 (Ä) fe=k cukrs le; gesa fuEufyf[kr lko/kfu;k¡ cjruh pkfg,µ
(i) fe=k dh la xfr oSQlh gS\ ;g è;ku j[kuk ”k:jh gSA
(ii) vius ls n`<+&la dYi okys yksxksa ls fe=krk ugha djuh pkfg,A
(iii) tks lnk gekjh pkiywlh djs] mls fe=k ugha cukuk pkfg,A
(iv) fe=k ,slk gks] tks gekjs fo'okl dks e”kcwr cuk,A
(v) fe=k esa oSn~; dh&lh fuiq.krk vkSj ij[k gksA
(vi) /u rFkk mQijh pdkpkSa/ ls izHkkfor u gksA
2- (d) (i) ([k) (iii) (x) (i) (?k) (iv)
ewY;ijd iz'u
cPps Lo;a vius&vius fopkj crk,¡xsA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
cPps Lo;a vius vuqHko ls mRrj nsaxsA
cPps Lo;a vius&vius roZQ nsaxsA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) v'kqn~/ ([k) egRRokdka{kh (x) uhfr&fo'kkjn (?k) lR;fu"B
(Ä) lgikBh
2- (d) Nk=kkoLFkk ([k) ;qokoLFkk (x) mPpkdka{kk (?k) vuqla/ku
(Ä) vR;ar (p) fu"kdyad
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
euq"; ,d lkekftd izk.kh gS ftlls ml ij laxfr dk izHkko vo'; iM+rk gSA ftl izdkj Lokfr
dh cw¡n lhi osQ laioZQ esa vkus ij eksrh vkSj liZ osQ laioZQ esa vkus ij fo"k cu tkrh gS] mlh
izdkj laxfr dk vlj euq"; ij Hkh gksrk gSA
vPNh laxfr ls ykHkµlRlaxfr esa jgdj euq"; dk vkRelaLdkj gksrk gSA lRlaxfr esa euq";
dk pkfjf=kd fodkl gksrk gS] mldh cqn~f/ ifj"Ñr vkSj mldk eu 'kqn~/ gksrk gSA blfy, gesa
iz;kl djosQ lTtuksa dk lkFk djuk pkfg,A
oqQlaxfr ls gkfuµcqjh laxfr euq"; osQ pkfjf=kd iru dk dkj.k curh gSA og gekjs Hkhrj osQ
nkuo dks tkx`r djrh gSA nqtZu dk lkFk ix&ix ij gkfu nsrk gS] vieku vkSj vi;'k nsrk gSA
dgk Hkh x;k gSµ
laxr osQ vuqlkj gh lcdks cur lqekbA
lk¡Hkj esa tks oqQN ijS fujkS uksu g~oS tkbAA
vkt dh nkSM+rh&Hkkxrh f”kanxh esa vk/qfud O;fDr fdlh pyrh&fiQjrh e'khu dh Hkk¡fr gks x;k
gS] ,sls esa fe=k gh gekjs Hkhrj ekuoh; xq.kksa dks thfor j[krk gSA esjk fe=k dHkh g¡ldj] I;kj

95
 ls] rks dHkh Mk¡Vdj eq>s lgh&xyr dk Hksn crkrk gS] mlosQ fcuk esjs thou osQ vU; i{kksa esa
mRlkg o 'kfDr dh lapkj xfr vo#n~/ gks tkrh gSA esjk fe=k ,d izfrf"Br ifjokj ls laca/
j[krk gS vkSj eSa ,d eè;eoxhZ; ifjokj essa iyk&cM+k gqvk gw¡A ;fn gekjs eè; ^vFkZ'kkL=k* tSlk
xw<+ fo"k; viuh ?kqliSB ugha dj ik;k gS] rks bldk Js; Hkh eSa vius fe=k dks gh nw¡xkA og
lHkh HksnHkko feVkrs gq,] eq>ls osQoy esjk fe=k cudj feyrk gS vkSj fe=krk osQ dksey jaxksa
esa fc[kjdj eq>esa ,dkdkj gks tkrk gSA esjk ân; esjs fe=k osQ Lusg dk izfrmRrj Lusg :i esa
nsrk gSA mlosQ izR;sd i{k ij eSa lSdM+ksa xzaFk&dkO;ksa dh jpuk djuk pkgrk gw¡] ij vius ân; esa
meM+rs Hkkoksa ij 'kh?kz gh fu;a=k.k ik ysrk gw¡A okLro esa esjk fe=k gh esjk lcls cM+k vkykspd
o ekxZn'kZd gS] tks eq>s thou thus dh lgh fn'kk fn[kkrk gSA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
gekjs fe=k dh vPNkb;k¡ fuEufyf[kr gS]a ftUgsa ge viukuk pkgsxa sµ
(i) gekjk fe=k ijksidkjh gSA og ges'kk nwljksa dh enn djus osQ fy, rS;kj jgrk gSA
(ii) mldh bPNk'kfDr e”kcwr gSA ftl Hkh dke dks djus dh Bku ysrk gS] tc rd og iwjk
ugha gks tkrk] rc rd pSu ls ugha cSBrkA
(iii) e`nqHkk"kh gS] ”;knk lqurk gS] cksyrk de gSA
(iv) lp cksyrk gSA g¡leq[k LoHkko dk gSA
(v) i<+kbZ esa enn djrk gS rFkk gesa i<+us osQ fy, izsfjr djrk gSA og vius O;ogkj ls
ekrk&firk] vè;kidx.k o Nk=kksa esa Hkh yksdfiz; gSA LowQy dh gj ,d xfrfof/ esa Hkkx
ysrk gSA vius LowQy esa yksdfiz; gksus osQ lkFk&lkFk og nwljs LowQyksa esa Hkh yksdfiz; gSA
(vi) vius eu osQ lHkh Hkkoksa dks fu%ladksp crkrk gSA
(vii) LowQy dh onhZ lki- Q&lqFkjh bLrjh dh gqbZ gksrh gS rFkk twrs lnSo ikfy'k fd, gksrs gSaA
brus xq.k gksrs gq, Hkh mlesa oqQN voxq.k u”kj vkrs gSa] os bl izdkj gSaµ
(i) mls xqLlk cgqr tYnh vkrk gSA ;fn dksbZ fe=k mldh ckr ugha ekus] rks og xqLlk djus
yxrk gSA gesa etcwjh esa mldh ckrsa lquuh gh iM+rh gSaA
(ii) og dke djus esa tYnck”kh djrk gS] ftldh otg ls dHkh&dHkh mls uqdlku Hkh gksrk
gSA
(iii) og ges'kk gh viuh ckr dks euokus dh dksf'k'k djrk gS] nwljksa dh ckr dks lqurk gh
ugha gSA
(iv) mldk LoHkko fLFkj ugha gSA og tc vPNs ewM esa gksrk gS] rks gj dke dks tYnh gh
fuiVk nsrk gS vkSj tc ewM esa ugha gksrk rks yk[k dgus ij Hkh dke dks ugha djrkA
cPps Lo;a vius vuqHko ls crk,¡xsA
vkb, oqQN djsa
cPps Lo;a baVjusV dh lgk;rk ls tkudkjh ,d=k djsaxsA
cPps Lo;a baVjusV o vè;kid dh lgk;rk ls tkudkjh ,d=k djsaxsA

96
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2 × 5 = 10

(d) euq"; osQ thou dh liQyrk fdl ckr ij fuHkZj djrh gS\
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([k) oSQls&oSQls yksxksa dk lkFk gekjs fy, cqjk gksrk gS\

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(x) gesa vius fe=kksa ls D;k vk'kk j[kuh pkfg,\

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(?k) oqQlax osQ Toj dks Hk;kud D;ksa dgk x;k gS\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) nks fHkUu izÑfr osQ euq";ksa esa fe=krk fdl izdkj laHko gS\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ 2½ × 2 = 5

(d) dkty dh dksBjh esa oSQlks gh l;kuks tk,A
,d yhd dkty dh ykfx gS iS ykfx gSAA
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([k) rqEgkjk foosd oqaQfBr gks tk,xk vkSj rqEgsa Hkys&cqjs dh igpku u jg tk,xhA
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97
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ o.kZ&foPNsn dhft,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) {kf=k; µ ---------$---------$---------$---------$---------$---------$---------$---------
([k) Kkuh µ ---------$---------$---------$---------$---------
(x) Jfed µ ---------$---------$---------$---------$---------$---------$---------
(?k) fu"diV µ ---------$---------$---------$---------$---------$---------$---------$---------$---------
(Ä) iziqQfYyr µ ---------$---------$---------$---------$---------$---------$---------$---------$---------$---------
2- fuEufyf[kr vusd 'kCnksa osQ fy, ,d 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) ftldk mRlkg u"V gks x;k gks µ ------------------------------------

([k) tks lkFk i<+rk gks µ ------------------------------------
(x) tks dke ls th pqjkrk gks µ ------------------------------------
(?k) ftldh bPNk,¡ cgqr Å¡ph gksa µ ------------------------------------
(Ä) tks 'kqn~/ u gks µ ------------------------------------
3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa ls ewy 'kCn rFkk izR;; vyx dhft,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) fyf[kr µ ------------------- $ -------------------

([k) p<+ko µ ------------------- $ -------------------
(x) O;fDrRo µ ------------------- $ -------------------
(?k) liQyrk µ ------------------- $ -------------------
(Ä) bZekunkjh µ ------------------- $ -------------------

98
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ3
dYiuk 'kfDr ij vk/kfjr
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 10

1- ^lPph fe=krk* ij vius fopkj O;Dr dhft,A 5

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2- vkiosQ fdrus fe=k gS\a muesa D;k&D;k fo'ks"krk,¡ gS\a vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A 5
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99
 mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) euq"; osQ thou dh liQyrk mlosQ fe=kksa osQ pquko dh mi;qDrrk ij fuHkZj djrh gS] D;ksafd
laxfr dk izHkko gekjs vkpj.k ij iM+rk gSA
([k) tks yksx gels vf/d n`<+ ladYi gSa] mudk lkFk gekjs fy, cqjk gksrk gSA ,sls yksxksa dk
lkFk vkSj Hkh cqjk gksrk gS] tks gekjh gh ckr dks ges'kk Åij j[krs gSaA
(x) gesa vius fe=kksa ls ;g vk'kk j[kuh pkfg, fd os mRre ladYiksa ls gesa n`<+ ladYi djsaxs]
nks"kksa vkSj =kqfV;ksa ls gesa cpk,¡xs] gesa oqQekxZ ls gVkdj lR; dh vksj izsfjr djsaxsA gesa lnk
vPNs thou osQ fy, mRlkfgr djrs jgsaxsA
(?k) oqQlax osQ Toj dks Hk;kud blfy, dgk x;k gS] D;ksafd ;g osQoy uhfr vkSj ln~o`fRr dk
gh uk'k ugha djrk] cfYd cqn~f/ dk Hkh {k; djrk gSA
(Ä) nks fHkUu izÑfr osQ euq";ksa esa fe=krk bl izdkj laHko gS fd os nksuksa ,d&nwljs osQ iwjd cu
tkrs gSaA fpark'khy O;fDr iziqQfYyr fpRr dk lkFk <w¡<rk gS] fucZy cyh dk] /hj mRlkgh
dk bR;kfnA
2- (d) bu iafDr;ksa dk vk'k; gS fd ftl izdkj dkty dh dksBjh esa tkus ij nkx yxus ls ugha
cpk tk ldrk] mlh izdkj cqjh laxfr esa dksbZ fdruk Hkh lko/kuh ls jgs] ml ij cqjk
izHkko iM+ gh tkrk gSA
([k) bldk vk'k; gS fd balku tc cqjh laxfr osQ tky esa i¡Qlrk gS] rc mlosQ lkspus&le>us
dh cqn~f/ Hkz"V gks tkrh gSA og lgh xyr esa I+kQoZQ djuk Hkwy tkrk gSA
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) o~Q $ "k~ $ v $ r~ $ j~ $ b $ ;~ $ v
([k) t~ $ ×k~ $ vk $ u~ $ bZ
(x) 'k~ $ j~ $ v $ e~ $ b $ o~Q $ v
(?k) u~ $ b $ "k~ $ o~Q $ v $ i~ $ v $ V~ $ v
(Ä) i~ $ j~ $ v $ i~Q $ m $ y~ $ y~ $ b $ r~ $ v
2- (d) grksRlkfgr ([k) lgikBh (x) dkepksj (?k) egRRokdka{kh (Ä) v'kqn~/
3- (d) fy[k$br ([k) p<+$vko (x) O;fDr$Ro (?k) liQy$rk (Ä) bZekunkj$bZ



100
 16 HkfDr&inkoyh
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) Jho`Q".k czt esa gksyh [ksy jgs gSaA
([k) Jho`Q".k izk.kksa ls I;kjh ';kek vFkkZr~ jk/k ij xqyky isaQd jgs gSaA
(x) ehjk Jho`Q".k osQ ?kj tkus dh ckr dgrh gSA
(?k) ehjk Jho`Q".k osQ ?kj Hkksj gksrs gh tkuk pkgrh gSaA
fyf[kr
(d) ehjkckbZ us Jho`Q".k dks fxj/j] fcgkjh] eksgu vkSj lk¡ojks uke ls iqdkjk gSA
([k) czt esa gksyh osQ mRlo esa lHkh vksj vkuan dh /kjk cgus yxhA yksx ,d&nwljs ij panu] osQlj
vkSj xqyky fNM+d jgs gSaA o`Q".k osQ lax xk&ukp jgs gSaA o`Q".k osQ lax gksyh [ksyus osQ dkj.k
jl vFkkZr~ vkuan dh vf/drk gks xbZ gSA
(x) ehjk fxj/j osQ ?kj muosQ n'kZu djus tkuk pkgrh gSaA
(?k) ehjk vkSj o`Q".k dh izhr cgqr iqjkuh gSA os o`Q".k osQ fcuk ,d iy Hkh ugha jg ldrhA o`Q".k
gh muosQ loZLo gSaA
ewY;ijd iz'u
gksyh jlk;fud jaxksa ls u [ksydj xqyky] panu vkSj osQlj vkfn izko`Qfrd inkFkks± ls [ksyuh
pkfg,A lkFk gh gksyh esa fdlh Hkh O;fDr ij tcjnLrh ikuh ;k jax ugha isaQduk pkfg,A gksyh
iwQyksa] feBkbZ vkSj xkus&ctkus osQ lkFk [ksyuh pkfg,A
cPps Lo;a mRrj nsaxsA

mPpLrjh; iz'u
cPps Lo;a tkudkjh izkIr dj mRrj fy[ksaxsA
ehjkckbZ Jho`Q".k dh vuU; HkDr FkhaA mudh HkfDr ek/q;Z Hkko dh FkhA ehjk Jho`Q".k osQ izse
esa Mwch gqbZ gSaA muosQ inksa esa bl izse dh gh vfHkO;fDr vusd izdkj ls gqbZ gSA

101
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) gksyh ([k) Hkj&Hkj (x) ew¡B (?k) ';kek
(Ä) /eky (p) fxfj/j (N) esjk (t) lPpk
(>) jSu (×k) mB (V) mudh (B) iqjkuh
(M) fcuk (<) I;kjh (.k) fiz;re
2- (d) tkm¡Q ([k) rky (x) cfygkjh (?k) U;kjh
(Ä) gkjh (p) R;w¡
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
';ke] xksiky] xkso/Zu/kjh] lk¡ojk] xksiky] osQ'ko] ek/o vkfn Jho`Q".k osQ vusd uke gSaA
cPps Lo;a vius&vius fopkj fy[ksaxsA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
(i) vuU; izse dh HkfDr
(ii) ek/q;Z Hkko dh HkfDr
jktLFkkuh fefJr czt Hkk"kkA
Egkjks iz.kke ck¡osQ fcgkjh dksA
eksj eqoqQV ekF;k fryd fojkT;k
oqQ.My vydk dkjh dks
v/j e/qj /j calh ctkoS
jh> fj>kos jk/k I;kjh
;k Nfo nsf[k exu HkbZ ehjk
eksgu fxfj/j /kjh dks
Egkjks iz.kke ck¡osQ fcgkjh dksA
vkb, oqQN djsa
cPps Lo;a vius&vius vuqHko fy[ksaxsA

102
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2 × 5 = 10

(d) ^fxj/kjh* 'kCn dk D;k vFkZ gS vkSj ;g 'kCn fdlosQ fy, iz;qDr gqvk gS\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) cztoklh eksgu osQ lkFk feydj fdl izdkj ls gksyh [ksy jgs gSa\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) yksx rkyh ctk&ctkdj D;k xk jgs gSa\

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(?k) ehjkckbZ fxj/j osQ fy, D;k&D;k djus dks rS;kj gS\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) inksa dh dof;=kh dk uke fyf[k,A

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2- vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ 2½ × 2 = 5

(d) eqjyh pax ctr MiQ U;kjks
lax tqcrh cztukjhAA
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([k) tks ifgjkoS lksbZ ifg#¡ ] tks ns lksbZ [kkm¡Q

esjh m.kdh izhr iqjk.kh] m.k fc.k iy u jgkm¡QA
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103
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- fuEufyf[kr vusd 'kCnksa osQ fy, ,d 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) fxfj dks /kj.k djus okyk µ -----------------------------------

([k) eu dks yqHkkus okyk µ -----------------------------------

(x) izk.kksa ls I;kjh µ -----------------------------------

(?k) eqjyh /kj.k djus okyk µ -----------------------------------

(Ä) czt esa clus okyk µ -----------------------------------

2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks i;kZ;okph fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) gkFk µ -------------------------- --------------------------
([k) fnu µ -------------------------- --------------------------
(x) ?kj µ -------------------------- --------------------------

(?k) Hkksj µ -------------------------- --------------------------

(Ä) ukjh µ -------------------------- --------------------------

3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ ¯gnh :i fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) jS.k µ -----------------------
([k) iqjk.kh µ -----------------------
(x) fc.k µ -----------------------
(?k) ifgjkoS µ -----------------------
(Ä) m.kdh µ -----------------------

104
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ3
dYiuk 'kfDr ij vk/kfjr
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 10

1- HkfDr&dky osQ oqQN vU; dfo;ksa osQ fo"k; esa tkfu, rFkk mudh HkfDr dh fo'ks"krk,¡
fyf[k,A 5
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2- ehjkckbZ dk thou&ifjp; fyf[k,A 5

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105
 mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) fxfj dks /kj.k djus okykA ;g 'kCn Jho`Q".k osQ fy, iz;qDr gqvk gSA
([k) cztoklh eksgu osQ lkFk panu] osQlj vkSj xqyky ls gksyh [ksy jgs gSaA lkFk gh eqjyh] MiQ
vkSj rkyh osQ lkFk&lkFk jkx /ekj xk jgs gSaA
(x) czt dk yksdxhr ^/ekj* xk jgs gSaA
(?k) ehjkckbZ dgrh gSa fd og izkr%dky mBdj vius fiz;re osQ n'kZu djuk pkgrh gSa] jkr&fnu
muosQ lkFk [ksyuk pkgrh gSa] mudh ilan dk iguuk o [kkuk pkgrh gSaA os vius fiz;re
dh bPNkuqlkj gh lc oqQN djuk pkgrh gSaA
(Ä) ehjkckbZA
2- (d) czt dh ukfj;k¡ vkSj ;qofr;k¡ o`Q".k osQ lkFk gksyh [ksy jgh gSaA o`Q".k dh eqjyh vkSj cktk
Hkh ct jgk gS vFkkZr~ ukprs&xkrs gq, lHkh cztoklh gksyh dk mRlo euk jgs gSaA
([k) ehjkckbZ o`Q".k dks viuk loZLo ekurh FkhaA os dgrh gS fd muosQ izHkq mUgsa ftl gky esa
Hkh j[ksa os oSls gh [kq'k jgsaxhA mUgsa tks iguk,¡ ogh igusaxh] tks nsaxs] ogh [kk,¡xhA ehjkckbZ
vkxs dgrh gSa fd fxj/j osQ lkFk mudh izhr iqjkuh gS] vr% muosQ fcuk og iy Hkj Hkh
pSu ls ugha th ldrhA

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) fxj/j ([k) yqHkkouk (x) izk.k&I;kjh (?k) eqjyh/j (Ä) cztoklh
2- (d) gLr] dj ([k) fnol] okj (x) xzg] lnu (?k) lqcg] izkr%dky
(Ä) vkSjr] efgyk
3- (d) jSu ([k) iqjkuh (x) fcuk (?k) igukuk (Ä) mudh


106
 17 ghjs dh vkRedFkk
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) vkRedFkkRed 'kSyh esaA
([k) ,d lk/kj.k iRFkjA
(x) iUuk] eè;izns'k esaA
(?k) yxHkx ,d g”kkj oSQjsVA
(Ä) /uh O;fDr dh vk¡[kksa esa /wy >ksaddj ghjs dks pqjk fy;kA
fyf[kr
1- (d) i`Foh osQ uhps xgjkbZ esa jgdj] g”kkjksa o"kks± rd rs”k xjeh esa tydj] ghjs us mTToyrk izkIr
dhA
([k) i`Foh osQ Hkhrj yxHkx rhu lkS ehVj ls Hkh uhps iM+k gksus dh fLFkfr ls vlarks"k u Fkk]
D;ksafd ^ghjs* dks irk Fkk fd ftUgsa mldh pkg gksxh] os mls [kksndj fudky gh ysaxsA
(x) laU;klh us ghjs dks ,d pedhyk iRFkj le>dj vius >ksys esa Mky fy;k vkSj lkspk fd
;fn dksbZ cPpk ek¡xsxk] rks os mls [ksyus osQ fy, ns nsaxsA
(?k) fdlku us ghjs dks vius gy dh ewB ij yxk fn;kA
(Ä) dgk tkrk gS fd tkSgjh ghjs dh dher tkurk gSA lk/kj.k yksxksa dks ghjs dh dher vk¡duh
ugha vkrh] blfy, tc yksxksa us ghjs dk fujknj fd;k] rks mls nq[k ugha gqvk] ysfdu tc
tkSgjh n~okjk ghjs dk de ewY; yxk;k x;k] rc ghjk nq[kh gqvkA
2- (d) mTToyrk ([k) feV~Vh (x) laU;klh (?k) ewB (Ä) fonh.kZ
3- (d) (i) ([k) (ii) (x) (iii) (?k) (iv)

ewY;ijd iz'u
gekjh /jrh esa euq"; :ih ,sls vla[; ghjs fc[kjs iM+s gSa ftuosQ thou ls gesa lnSo izsj.kk feyrh
gSA yky cgknqj 'kkL=kh mUgha ghjksa esa ls ,d gSa ftUgksaus xjhch ls tw>rs gq, Hkh viuk ,d vyx
eqdke cuk;kA os ukVs dn osQ Fks] ijarq muosQ fopkj mPp FksA mudk laiw.kZ thou ijs'kkfu;ksa]
107
 dfBukb;ksa ,oa xjhch esa chrkA vDlj #i;s u gksus osQ dkj.k os unh esa rSjdj LowQy tkrs Fks]
mUgksaus cgqr dfBu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa i<+kbZ dh] ijarq dHkh gkj ugha ekuh vkSj ,d fnu Hkkjr osQ
iz/kuea=kh cusA
l?ka"kZ dh euq"; dh mUufr esa egRRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA fofHkUu izdkj osQ d"Vksa dks lgus osQ ckn
Hkh gesa viuh lPpkbZ] okLrfodrk rFkk mu ewY;ksa dks cuk, j[kuk pkfg, ftuosQ dkj.k gekjh
igpku gksrh gSA ;g ckr vyx gS fd oqQN yksx gesa u le> losaQ vkSj gekjs lkFk xyr O;ogkj
djsa] ijarq tc dksbZ egku O;fDr feysxk rks og fuf'pr :i ls gekjs xq.kksa dks le> ysxk vkSj
gesa ,d ubZ fn'kk nsxkA

mPpLrjh; iz'u
cPps Lo;a ikB i<+dj mRrj fy[ksaxsA
cPps Lo;a ghjs dh fo'ks"krk,¡ fy[ksaxsA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) ik¡p ([k) ,d fdyks (x) nks yhVj (?k) pkyhl
(Ä) nks ehVj
2- (d) loZuke ([k) loZuke (x) lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k
(?k) loZuke (Ä) lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k (p) lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
dks;yk] isVªksy] lksuk] pk¡nh] lHkh /krq,¡] [kfut&yo.k] dherh jRuA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
dkj dh vkRedFkk
^^vko';drk gh vkfo"dkj dh tuuh gSA** eSa li- sQn jax dh dkj gw¡A tc euq"; iSny pyrs&pyrs
Fkd x, vkSj nwj tkus esa vR;f/d le; yxus yxk] rc esjk tUe gqvkA yksgs dh pknjksa dks
xeZ djosQ mldks xkM+h dh 'kDy nh xbZA esjs lHkh HkkbZ&cguksa dks tUe nsus osQ fy, ”;knk txg
dh vko';drk eglwl dh tkus yxh] rc ljdkj us gfj;k.kk osQ mn~;ksx isQl&1 esa esjk u²lx
gkse ^ek#fr* osQ uke ls [kksykA
tc eSa fnYyh dh lM+dksa ij nkSM+us yxh] rks yksxksa us esjk e”kkd mM+k;k] eq>s de”kksj dgkA
esjs 'kjhj dks <hyk&<kyk dgk vkSj ;gk¡ rd dgus yxs fd tc HkhM+&HkkM+ okys bykdksa esa eSa
pyw¡xh rks eq>s dksbZ Hkh VDdj ekj dj pyk tk,xkA ,slh ckrksa dks lqudj eSa cgqr jksbZ] fllfd;ksa
ls esjk xyk vo#n~/ gks x;kA esjs bl nnZ dks fdlh us ugha le>kA
108
 HkkbZ! eSa rks cuh gw¡ eè;oxhZ; ifjokj okyksa dh lsok osQ fy,] ftls vklku fd'rksa ij dksbZ
Hkh ?kj ij yk ldrk gSA esjk 'kjhj gV~Vk&dV~Vk] batu e”kcwr ns[kuk gks] rks esjs nwljs Hkkb;ksa
dks Hkh ns[kksA mUgksaus viuh dher Hkh ”;knk yxkbZ gS_ tSlsµ15 yk[k] 20 yk[k vkfnA eq>s
ysdj iwjs ifjokj osQ lkFk dgha Hkh tk,¡] ekSt djsa] eq>s pkgs Mh”ky ls pyk,¡ ;k isVªksy ls ;k
lhú,uúthú xSl lsA
^^gj le; vkidh lsok esa rS;kj jgus okyh] vkidh viuh dkj ek#fr&800**
^cSB xkM+h esa ft/j] py iM+h nkSM+rh m/j]
l¡Hkkys xh;j dks eq>s] nsrh >wys eSa b/j&m/jA
ihNs NksM+rs isM+&ikS/ksa dks] Hkouksa dks]
gjkrh pyrh gw¡] lHkh dks]
uke esjk pkj ifg;ksa dk]
dgykrh xkM+h lHkh dh I;kjhA
jax yks eq>s fdlh jax esa]
lnk rS;kj jgrh lsok esa [kM+hµ
vkidh viuh xkM+h ^ek#fr 800A*
vkb, oqQN djsa
cPps Lo;a dksfguwj ghjs osQ fo"k; esa tkudkjh ,d=k djosQ ys[k fy[ksaxsA

109
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2 × 5 = 10

(d) izLrqr ikB esa fdldh vkRedFkk dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS\
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([k) ghjs us viuh mTToyrk fdl izdkj izkIr dh gS\

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(x) iUuk fdlfy, e'kgwj gS\

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(?k) ghjs osQ tUe&LFkku dks ns[kdj yksxksa dks vpjt D;ksa gksxk\
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(Ä) tkSgjh us fMCcs esa can ghjs ls D;k dgk\

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2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk muosQ vFkZ osQ lkFk feyku dhft,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) dkafr (i) vfr mxz
([k) fujh{k.k (ii) ped
(x) fonh.kZ (iii) xkSj&ls ns[kuk
(?k) fody (iv) VwVk gqvk
(Ä) izpaM (v) ijs'kku

110
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa esa mfpr LFkku ij vuqLokj (µa ) rFkk vuqukfld (µ¡ ) yxkb,µ
½ × 8 =4
(d) igqpdj ([k) ldV
(x) lU;klh (?k) pknh
(Ä) dgh (p) tgk
(N) eS (t) lkSn;Z
2- fuEufyf[kr fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ mfpr la[;kokpd rFkk ifjek.kokpd fo'ks"k.kksa ls
dhft,µ 1 × 4 =4
(d) ek¡ us eq>s ----------------------- nw/ ykus dks dgkA
([k) gekjs fon~;ky; esa oqQy ----------------------- Nk=k gSaA
(x) esjh fdrkc osQ ----------------------- iUus iQVs gq, gSaA
(?k) gekjs ?kj esa ,d eghus esa ----------------------- ?kh bLrseky gksrk gSA
3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk laf/&foPNsn dhft,µ 1 × 4 =4

(d) lnSo µ ----------------------- $ -----------------------

([k) jkts'k µ ----------------------- $ -----------------------
(x) Hkkuwn; µ ----------------------- $ -----------------------
(?k) lw;ksZn; µ ----------------------- $ -----------------------
4- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk o.kZ&foPNsn dhft,µ 1 × 3 =3

(d) fonh.kZ µ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ --------

([k) vlg~; µ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ --------
(x) izpaM µ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ --------

111
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ3
dYiuk 'kfDr ij vk/kfjr
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 10

1- ^vkRedFkkµviuh dgkuhA* ftl izdkj ghjs us vkRedFkk lqukbZ] vki Hkh viuh vkRedFkk
vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A 5
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2- ghjk] iUuk] lksuk] pk¡nhµ;s lc brus eg¡xs D;ksa gksrs gSa\ tkudkjh izkIr djosQ
fyf[k,A 5
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112
 mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) izLrqr ikB esa ghjs dh vkRedFkk dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA og vkRedFkk lqukrk gS fd oSQls
og [kku ls fudyk vkSj fdu&fdu eqf'dyksa dk lkeuk djrk gqvk tkSgjh osQ ikl igq¡pkA
([k) ghjs us cgqr dBksj riL;k osQ ckn viuh mTToyrk izkIr dh gSA
(x) iUuk eè; izns'k esa fLFkr ,d LFkku gS] tgk¡ ghjs dh [kkusa gSaA blh dkj.k iUuk iwjs Hkkjr
esa cgqr e'kgwj gSA
(?k) ghjs osQ tUe&LFkku dks ns[kdj yksxksa dks vpjt blfy, gksxk] D;ksafd ftl ghjs dks ge
tkSgfj;ksa osQ ;gk¡ pepekrs gq, rFkk /uk<~; yksxksa osQ vkHkw"k.kksa esa lfTtr ns[krs gSa] og
iRFkjksa rFkk pV~Vkuksa osQ <sj osQ chp ik;k tkrk gSA
(Ä) tkSgjh us fMCcs esa can ghjs ls dgk] ^^vjs ghjs] brus fnuksa txg&txg Bksdjsa [kkrk jgk vkSj
rwus pw¡ rd ugha dhA xaxk fdukjs yksxksa us rq>s oqQpyk] fiQj rw laU;klh osQ >ksys esa iM+k jgkA
blosQ ckn gy osQ ewB esa tM+k x;kA rwus ;g lc lg fy;kA eSaus rq>s bruk vknj fn;k]
mldk ;g iQy feyk\**
2- (d) (ii) ([k) (iii) (x) (iv) (?k) (v) (Ä) (i)

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) igq¡pdj ([k) ladV (x) laU;klh (?k) pk¡nh
(Ä) dgha (p) tgk¡ (N) eSa (t) lkSan;Z
2- (d) ek¡ us eq>s nks yhVj nw/ ykus dks dgkA
([k) gekjs fon~;ky; esa oqQy nks g”kkj Nk=k gSaA
(x) esjh fdrkc osQ ik¡p iUus iQVs gq, gSaA
(?k) gekjs ?kj esa ,d eghus esa pkj fdyks ?kh bLrseky gksrk gSA
3- (d) lnk $ ,o ([k) jktk $ bZ'k (x) Hkkuq $ mn; (?k) lw;Z $ mn;
4- (d) o~ $ b $ n~ $ bZ $ j~ $ .k~ $ v
([k) v $ l~ $ v $ g~ $ ;~ $ v
(x) i~ $ j~ $ v $ p~ $ v $ .k~ $ M~ $ v


113
 18 va r fj{k lw V
esa canj
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) 'kfDr'kkyh e'khusa vkSj VªkaftLVjksa tSls jkWosQV yxs gq, FksA
([k) /jrh ij ckck th osQ ikl vkus dkA
(x) yxHkx /jrh tSlh Fkh] ij /jrh tSlk fueZy vkSj 'khry ty u FkkA
(?k) >hy osQ ikl gh isM+ksa osQ >qjeqV esa jgrs FksA cw<+s ckck mldh Hkw[k dh ckr le> x, vkSj yM+dh
dks ehBs iQy rFkk nw/ fn;kA
fyf[kr
1- (d) varfj{k lwV esa NksVh] ijarq 'kfDr'kkyh e'khusa yxh gqbZ FkhaA uUgs&uUgs Vªkfa tLVjksa tSls jkWoQs V yxs
gq, FksA cPps mls igudj e'khusa pykrs gq, vkdk'k esa yk[kksa ehy dh lSj vklkuh ls dj
ysrs FksA
([k) ,d fnu yM+dh [ksy osQ tks'k esa viuh mM+ku dh xfr rs”k djrs&djrs vkdk'k esa ,slh txg
igqp
¡ xbZ] tgk¡ cgqr vf/d v¡èksjk FkkA v¡èksjs dks ikj djus osQ iz;kl esa la ;ksxo'k og i`Foh
ij vk xbZA
(x) lk/q ckck us yM+ dh dks iQy rFkk xk; dk rk”kk nw/ fn;k vkSj ca nj&ca nfj;k osQ [ksy
fn[kykdj mldk eu cgyk;kA
(?k) yM+ dh dks /jrh dh oLrq,¡ cgqr vPNh yxhaA
(Ä) canj us yM+ dh dk va rfj{k lwV igu fy;k vkSj pDosQ dks ?kqekdj vkleku esa mM+us yxkA
(p) canj dks uhps ykus osQ fy, lk/q ckck us ca nfj;k osQ xys esa jLlh dk iaQnk Mkydj isM+
dh Å¡ ph Mky ls ck¡èk fn;k vkSj mls ekjus yxsA ca nfj;k osQ fpYykus ls ca nj myVs&lh/s
pDosQ ?kqekdj uhps vkus dh dksf'k'k djus yxkA
(N) ckck th us dgk fd tc Hkkjr ns'k osQ cPps cM+s gksdj muosQ fy, ,slk gh lwV cuk,¡xs]
rHkh os yM+ dh osQ lkFk tk,¡xsA
2- (d) cgqr nwwj rd varfj{k esa mM+ku osQ ckn] la;ksx ls og gekjh i`Foh ij vk xbZ] blh dkj.k
og Fkd xbZ FkhA

114
 ([k) pVd jax osQ lqanj lqxaf/r iwQyA
(x) fo'ks"k.kµ csgn cM+h lqanj lqxaf/r
(?k) Hkkopkod laKk,¡µ Fkd ?kcjkbZ [kq'k bPNk
ewY;ijd iz'u
;fn eq>s dksbZ HkVdrk gqvk fey tk, rks eSa lcls igys mlls mlosQ ?kj dk irk o 'kgj dk
uke iwNw¡xkA eSa mldh gj rjg ls enn d:¡xkA vxj og vius ?kj tkus esa vleFkZ gS rks eSa
mlosQ jgus o [kkus&ihus dh mfpr O;oLFkk d:¡xkA eSa ml O;fDr osQ ?kjokyksa dks lwfpr dj
nw¡xk fd os mls vkdj ys tk,¡ tc rd mlosQ ?kj okys ugha vk tkrs eSa mlosQ lkFk gh jgw¡xkA

mPpLrjh; iz'u
cPps Lo;a vius&vius fopkj fy[ksaxsA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) yM+dk ([k) cSy (x) cqf<+;k (?k) jkuh
(Ä) firk (p) Jherh (N) csVk (t) lkèoh
2- (d) varfj{k lwV igudj varfj{k dh lSj djh tk ldrh gSA
([k) oqQRrk ,d ikyrw tkuoj gSA
(x) viuh iks'kkd okil ikdj yM+dh cgqr [kq'k gqbZA
(?k) varfj{k lwV esa dbZ rjg dh e'khusa yxh gqb± FkhA
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
;fn eq>s dHkh varfj{k lwV fey tk,] rks eSa mlosQ n~okjk pk¡n ij tkm¡Qxk] D;ksafd eSaus cpiu
ls pk¡n osQ ckjs esa cgqr oqQN lquk gS] blfy, eSa mlosQ izfr ftKklq gw¡ fd og fudVrk ls ns[kus
esa Hkh mruk gh lqanj gS] ml ij tks dkys&dkys fu'kku gSa] os D;k gSa\ ogk¡ thou laHko gS ;k
ugha\ oSls eSa ;g lc fdrkcksa ls irk dj ldrk gw¡] ijarq Lo;a tkdj ns[kus esa tks jkspdrk o
Le`fr;k¡ feysaxh] os vueksy o vo.kZuh; gksaxhA
cPps Lo;a vius&vius fopkj ls mRrj nsaxsA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
canjksa dh izo`fRr udy djus dh gksrh gSA blhfy, canj us tc vkdk'k ls vkbZ yM+dh dks
varfj{k lwV igudj fopj.k djrs ns[kk] rks mlus cM+s è;ku ls pDdksa osQ iz;ksx dh bl izfØ;k
dks ns[kk rFkk ,d fnu volj ikdj Lo;a varfj{k lwV igudj gok esa mYVs&lh/s djrc djus
115
 yxkA og uhps u vkrk] rks cspkjh yM+dh dks rc rd /jrh ij gh jguk gksrk] tc rd dksbZ
vU; varfj{k esa fopj.k djus okyk varfj{k lwV u cuk ysrkA bl [kkst esa oqQN o"kZ mls vius
ekrk&firk o ifjokj ls nwj jguk iM+rkA nwljh vksj og canj Hkh gok esa mM+dj dgha nwj fudy
tkrk] 'kk;n og vkdk'k esa gh igq¡p tkrk] ftlls Hkw[k&I;kl o fdlh vU; lqfo/k osQ vHkko
esa og e`R;q dh HksaV p<+ tkrkA dgkuh osQ bl u, eksM+ ij vo'; gh bldk var Hkh nq[knk;d
gksrkA
chl o"kZ ckn gekjk ns'k rjDdh dj jgk gksxkA lekt osQ gj {ks=k esa cnyko vk tk,xk] pkgs
og {ks=k lkekftd] vkfFkZd] jktuSfrd ;k /kfeZd gh D;ksa u gksA lHkh oxZ osQ O;fDr rjDdh
djsaxsA cPpksa dks bl izdkj le>kdj mUgsa Hkh viuh dYiuk n~okjk fopkjksa dks O;Dr djus osQ
fy, dgsaA

vkb, oqQN djsa

cPps Lo;a tkudkjh ,d=k djosQ ifj;kstuk rS;kj djsaxsA

116
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2 × 5 = 10

(d) dgkuh dh eq[; ik=k dkSu gS\
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([k) ,d fnu og yM+dh dgk¡ igq¡p xbZ\ ogk¡ mlus D;k fd;k\
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(x) >hy osQ ikl dkSu jgrk Fkk\ mUgksaus ml yM+dh dks D;k fn;k\
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(?k) canjksa dks gSjkuh D;ksa gqbZ\

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(Ä) varfj{k lwV igurs gh canj us D;k fd;k\

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2- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa dk okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) varfj{k µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) lk/q µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) lgk;rk µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) va/dkj µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) lH;rk µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

117
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- fuEufyf[kr leklksa osQ foxzg dhft,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) tyok;q µ -----------------------------------------------------------
([k) fon~;ky; µ -----------------------------------------------------------
(x) iapoVh µ -----------------------------------------------------------
(?k) ;Fkkle; µ -----------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) pØikf.k µ -----------------------------------------------------------

2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ ¯yx cnfy,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) pkph µ --------------------------
([k) ekrk µ --------------------------
(x) canfj;k µ --------------------------
(?k) jkuh µ --------------------------
(Ä) lk/q µ --------------------------

3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foykse 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 =5

(d) lkSHkkX; µ --------------------------
([k) mYVk µ --------------------------
(x) ehBk µ --------------------------
(?k) lp µ --------------------------
(Ä) lqxa/ µ --------------------------

118
 dk;Z&if=kdkµ3
dYiuk 'kfDr ij vk/kfjr
uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 10

1- ;g ikB vkidks oSQlk yxk\ ;fn vkidks dHkh ,slk lwV iguus dks feys] rks vki
D;k djsaxs\ 5
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2- dYiuk osQ vk/kj ij fyf[k, fd ;fn vki NqV~Vh eukus eaxy xzg ij tk,¡] rks vki
D;k djsaxs\ 5
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119
 mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) dgkuh dh eq[; ik=k vkB&ukS lky dh ,d yM+dh gS] tks fdlh vkSj /jrh ij jgrh gSA
og cgqr rs”k rFkk lkglh FkhA vius LowQy dh varfj{k nkSM+ksa esa og dbZ ckj iQLVZ vk pqdh
FkhA
([k) ,d fnu og yM+dh gekjh /jrh ij d'ehj esa vejukFk osQ ikl ,d >hy osQ fdukjs igq¡p
xbZA ogk¡ vklikl dk n`'; ns[kdj og cgqr [kq'k gqbZ vkSj >hy osQ ikuh esa ugkus yxhA
(x) >hy osQ ikl ,d cw<+s lk/q jgrs FksA mUgksaus ml yM+dh dks [kkus osQ fy, ehBs iQy fn,A
(?k) canjksa dks yM+dh dh vtc iks'kkd ns[kdj gSjkuh gqbZA mUgsa 'kk;n bl ckr dk vpjt gqvk
gksxk fd ,d I;kjh&lh yM+dh vpkud csnqe dh fofp=k canfj;k oSQls cu xbZA
(Ä) yM+dh dk varfj{k lwV igurs gh canj us pDosQ dks ?kqek;k vkSj vkleku esa mM+us yxkA
og dHkh Åij mM+rk rks dHkh mYVk gks tkrkA og ?kcjkgV osQ ekjs mYVh&lh/h mM+ku Hkjrk
gqvk ijs'kku gks x;kA
2- (d) Hkkjr vc varfj{k ;k=kk Hkh djus yxk gSA
([k) eSaus lquk gS fd igkM+ksa ij lk/q jgrs gSaA
(x) gesa lnk nwljksa dh lgk;rk djuh pkfg,A
(?k) Kku dk izdk'k vKku osQ va/dkj dks nwj djrk gSA
(Ä) cM+ksa dk vuknj djuk Hkkjr dh lH;rk ugha gSA

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) ty vkSj ok;q ([k) fon~;k osQ fy, vky; (x) ik¡p oVksa dk lekgkj
(?k) le; osQ vuqlkj (Ä) pØ gS ikf.k esa ftlosQ
2- (d) pkpk ([k) firk (x) canj (?k) jktk (Ä) lkèoh
3- (d) nqHkkZX; ([k) lh/k (x) dM+ok (?k) >wB (Ä) nqx±/


120