UNIT 2- Money makes the world go round

It’s good to have money and the things that money can buy, but it’s good,
too, to check up once in a while and make sure that you haven’t lost the
things that money can’t buy. --George Lorimer

READING 1

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READING 2

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READING 3

(Upstream C2- See copies)

READING 4
(Objective)

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VOCABULARY
VOCABULARY 1 (Reading 1)

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VOCABULARY 2

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VOCABULARY 3

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VOCABULARY 4

VOCABULARY 5

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VOCABULARY 6

VOCABULARY 7

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LISTENING

LISTENING 1

LISTENING 2

USE OF ENGLISH 1

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LISTENING 3

LISTENING 4

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USE OF ENGLISH
What Are Linking Verbs?
Linking verbs (also called copula or copular verbs) just link the subject of a sentence to a
word or phrase that tells something about the subject (which is called subject complement.

The most common English linking verbs are:

1. be, become
2. seem, look, look like, appear
3. feel, sound, taste, smell, touch
4. get, grow
5. remain, stay
6. turn, prove

What Is a Subject Complement?

A word or phrase that comes after a linking verb and modifies or describes the
subject is called a subject complement. A subject complement can be:

 a predicative adjective: Mike is handsome.

In the examples above, 'handsome' is not an object to the verb 'is'. 'Handsome' is the
subject complement to the subject 'he'. It means that 'he' and 'handsome' both refer to the
same person.

 a noun phrase: Mike is a dentist.

'A dentist' is the complement of the sentence and 'is' stands for a linking verb.

 a prepositional phrase Mike is behind the curtain.

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THE PASSIVE

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The building had been occupied by homeless people

are given

was awarded
be caused Government agencies are buying disused housing.

were evicted/had been

a petition was handed to the prime minister bya nti-homelessness
have been provided campaigners/the prime minister was handed a petition by
were praised antihomelessness campaignes
the installation of solar panels can reduce electricity costs
will be asked

are carried out

a sharp increase in homelessness was being caused by greedy
landlords

the government is giving contrusction companies tax refundss/

tax refunds are being given to cons companies by the gov.

Neew problems in the high street have been created by the

extra traffic

flooding is more likely when construction companies build

houses near the river

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The Agent

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the economy is anticipated to be recovered rapidly next year

It is believed that the cons, of refined sugar is a major a cause of

wirght gain.
the number of obese children is feared to rise over the next decade

fitting solar panels is estimated to save homeowners around...

it has been proven that lack of exercise contributes to heart disease

it is thought that global warming is to blame for the increase in

extreme weather

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TALKING ABOUT WISHES

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WRITING

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WRITING-

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Make this text more cohesive using the following linking devices. Make all the necessary
changes.

although – despite – during - in case – so that – consequently – after- there – when-

in order to – as well as – so -as

Alexander Fleming was born in Scotland in 1881. His father died when Alexander was seven.
Fleming left school. He worked as a shipping clerk in London for four years. He received an
inheritance. He was 20. He enrolled at St Mary´s Hospital Medical School. He wanted to
pursue his interest in medicine. It was World War I. Fleming served in the medical corps in
France. He saw many soldiers die from infected wounds. He decided to specialize in this
area of medicine.

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On September 28th, 1928, Fleming was cleaning petri dishes in his laboratory. He wanted to
be able to reuse them. The dishes had been left out in the laboratory. They were covered in
bacteria. They were also covered in mould. They had a lot of mould but no bacteria were
growing around the mold. He decided to study it. It might prove to be an antibacterial
agent. Fleming had discovered penicillin. Two other researchers, Florey and Chain, brought
it to mass production in 1942.

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 Unconventional business model

1. Look at the photographs and discuss the questions.

• Do you enjoy doing the activity in the first picture?

• How could the two pictures be connected?

2. Discuss the differences between the words or phrases in each pair. Then,
decide which of them you can see in the pictures in ex. 1.
a) retailer / wholesaler
b) warehouse store / department store
c) flat-packed furniture / preassembled furniture
d) unconventional product names / unoriginal product names
e) designated road / winding road
f) maze / path

3. Complete the following sentences with one word each. The first letters are
provided. Use the definitions in brackets to help you.
a) Some people don’t understand the store l…………… . (the way something is
arranged)
b) Flat packing is a…………… their largest invention. (used when the speaker
thinks that their belief can be proven)
c) The fact that there are designated paths doesn’t n…………… mean that the
customers must follow them. (used to say that something may not be the
case)
d) The floor plan r…………… a maze so that customers stay interested. (looks
like)

Copyrights by ESL Brains

 Unconventional business model

e) The f…………… winding paths are supposed to inspire people to spend

money. (annoyingly)
f) Flat packing m…………… reduces the shipping costs. (heavily)

4. Watch the first part of a video [https://youtu.be/tkfq__rdoD0] about furniture

retailer IKEA (to 02:11) and decide whether the ideas in ex. 3 are true (T),
false (F) or are not mentioned (NM) in the video.

5. Watch the second part of the video (from 02:11) and take notes on the
following.
a) the IKEA effect
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
b) price tags
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
c) the founder’s idea
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
d) democratic design
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..

6. Discuss the questions.

• Which of the ideas that added to IKEA’s success do you find the most
unconventional?
• Would you be keen on assembling your own furniture or would you prefer for
furniture to be sent to your house preassembled? Think about your effort, time
and money.
• Can you think of any other strategies which stores use to make customers
enjoy the place and spend more money?

Copyrights by ESL Brains

 Unconventional business model

• Can you think of any other companies

that have used the IKEA effect to their
advantage? Consider food, clothing,
entertainment.
• Why do you think IKEA came up with
the idea of a $1 light bulb?
• Imagine you are developing a $1 light
bulb for IKEA. What steps would you take to make sure that the idea is
worthwhile?
• Do you think that democratic design is something that can help society, or is it
just another slogan created to boost sales?

7. In pairs, discuss a possible business model for one of the shops below. Use
the questions to guide you. Then, present your ideas to the class.

confectionery shop pet furniture shop shoe shop toy shop

• What products will you design and manufacture?

• How will you distribute the products?
• How can you use the IKEA effect?
• How can you use the philosophy of democratic design?
• Will you be able to come up with price tags first? How will you make sure the
products are profitable?
• Is there any way you can make your shop unconventional, to stand out from
the competition?

Copyrights by ESL Brains