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ETHNOBOTANY OF INDIA
Volume 2
Western Ghats and West Coast of Peninsular India
ETHNOBOTANY OF INDIA
Volume 2
Western Ghats and West Coast of Peninsular India
Edited by
T. Pullaiah, PhD
K. V. Krishnamurthy, PhD
Bir Bahadur, PhD
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Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
Ethnobotany of India / edited by T. Pullaiah, PhD, K. V. Krishnamurthy, PhD, Bir
Bahadur, PhD.
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
Contents: Volume 2. Western Ghats and West Coast of Peninsular India.
Issued in print and electronic formats.
ISBN 978-1-77188-404-4 (v. 2 : hardcover).--ISBN 978-1-77188-405-1 (v. 2 : pdf)
1. Ethnobotany--India. I. Pullaiah, T., author, editor II. Krishnamurthy, K. V., author,
editor III. Bahadur, Bir, author, editor
GN635.I4E85 2016 581.6’30954 C2016-902513-6 C2016-902514-4
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Pullaiah, T., editor.
Title: Ethnobotany of India. Volume 1, Eastern Ghats and Deccan / editors: T. Pullaiah, K.
V. Krishnamurthy, Bir Bahadur.
Other titles: Eastern Ghats and Deccan
Description: Oakville, ON ; Waretown, NJ : Apple Academic Press, [2016] |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016017369 (print) | LCCN 2016021535 (ebook) | ISBN
9781771883382 (hardcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781771883399 ()
Subjects: LCSH: Ethnobotany--India--Eastern Ghats. | Ethnobotany--India--Deccan.
Classification: LCC GN476.73 .E857 2016 (print) | LCC GN476.73 (ebook) | DDC
581.6/309548--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016017369
Apple Academic Press also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that
appears in print may not be available in electronic format. For information about Apple Academic
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www.crcpress.com
Ethnobotany of India 5-volume series
Editors: T. Pullaiah, PhD, K. V. Krishnamurthy, PhD, and Bir Bahadur, PhD
Volume 1: Eastern Ghats and Deccan
Volume 2: Western Ghats and West Coast of Peninsular India
Volume 3: North-East India and Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Volume 4: Western and Central Himalaya
Volume 5: Indo-Gangetic Region and Central India
ABOUT THE EDITORS
T. Pullaiah, PhD
Former Professor, Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University,
Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
T. Pullaiah, PhD, is a former Professor at the Department of Botany at Sri
Krishnadevaraya University in Andhra Pradesh, India, where he has taught
for more than 35 years. He has held several positions at the university,
including Dean, Faculty of Biosciences, Head of the Department of Botany,
Head of the Department of Biotechnology, and Member, Academic Senate.
He was President of the Indian Botanical Society (2014), President of the
Indian Association for Angiosperm Taxonomy (2013), and Fellow of the
Andhra Pradesh Akademi of Sciences. He was awarded the Panchanan
Maheswari Gold Medal, the Dr. G. Panigrahi Memorial Lecture Award of
the Indian Botanical Society, the Prof. Y. D. Tyagi Gold Medal of the Indian
Association for Angiosperm Taxonomy, and a Best Teacher Award from
Government of Andhra Pradesh. Under his guidance 53 students obtained
their doctoral degrees. He has authored 45 books, edited 15 books, and
published over 300 research papers, including reviews and book chapters.
His books include Flora of Eastern Ghats (4 volumes), Flora of Andhra
Pradesh (5 volumes), Flora of Telangana (3 volumes), Encyclopedia of
World Medicinal Plants (5 volumes), and Encyclopedia of Herbal
Antioxidants (3 volumes). He was also a member of Species Survival
Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Professor Pullaiah received his PhD from Andhra University, India,
attended Moscow State University, Russia, and worked as postdoctoral
Fellow during 1976-78.
K. V. Krishnamurthy, PhD
Former Professor, Department of Plant Sciences, Bharathidasan University,
Tiruchirappalli, Tamill Nadu, India
K. V. Krishnamurthy, PhD, is a former Professor and Head of Department,
Plant Sciences at Bharathidasan University in Tiruchirappalli, India, an
adjunct faculty at the Institute of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine,
Bangalore and is at present Consultant, Sami Labs Ltd, Bangalore. He
obtained his PhD degree from Madras University, India, and has taught
many undergraduate, postgraduate, MPhil, and PhD students. He has over
50 years of teaching and research experience, and his major research areas
include plant morphology and morphogenesis, biodiversity, floristic and
reproductive ecology, and cytochemistry. He has published more than 185
research papers and 28 books, operated 16 major research projects funded
by various agencies, and guided 32 PhD and more than 50 MPhil scholars.
His important books include Methods in Cell Wall Cytochemistry (CRC
Press, USA), Textbook of Biodiversity (Science Publishers, USA),
Bioresources of Eastern Ghats (Bishen Singh and Mahendra Paul Singh,
Dehra Dun, India), Plant Biology and Biotechnology (2 volumes, Springer
India, New Delhi) and From Flower to Fruit (Tata McGraw-Hill, New
Delhi). One of his important research projects pertains to a detailed study of
Shervaroys, which form a major hill region in the southern Eastern Ghats,
and seven of his PhD scholars have done research work on various aspects
of Eastern Ghats. He has won several awards and honors that include the
Hira Lal Chakravarthy Award (1984) from the Indian Science Congress;
Fulbright Visiting Professorship at the University of Colorado, USA (1993);
Best Environmental Scientist Award of Tamil Nadu state (1998); the V. V.
Sivarajan Award of the Indian Association for Angiosperm Taxonomy
(1998); and the Prof. V. Puri Award from the Indian Botanical Society
(2006). He is a fellow of the Linnaean Society, London; National Academy
of Sciences, India; and Indian Association of Angiosperm Taxonomy.
Bir Bahadur, PhD
Former Professor, Department of Botany, Kakatiya University, Warangal,
Telangana, India
Bir Bahadur, PhD, was Chairman and Head of the Department, and Dean of
the Faculty of Science at Kakatiya University in Warangal, India, and has
also taught at Osmania University in Hyderabad, India. During his long
academic career, he was honored with the Best Teacher Award by Andhra
Pradesh State Government for mentoring thousands of graduates and
postgraduate students, including 30 PhDs, most of whom went on to occupy
high positions at various universities and research organizations in India
and abroad. Dr. Bahadur has been the recipient of many awards and honors,
including the Vishwambhar Puri Medal from the Indian Botanical Society
for his research contributions in various aspects of plant Sciences. He has
published over 260 research papers and reviews and has authored or edited
dozen books, including Plant Biology and Biotechnology and Jatropha,
Challenges for New Energy Crop, both published in two volumes each by
Springer Publishers. Dr. Bahadur is listed as an Eminent Botanist of India,
the Bharath Jyoti Award, New Delhi, for his sustained academic and
research career at New Delhi and elsewhere. Long active in his field, he
was a member of over dozen professional bodies in India and abroad,
including Fellow of the Linnean Society (London); Chartered Biologist
Fellow of the Institute of Biology (London); Member of the New York
Academy of Sciences; and a Royal Society Bursar. He was also honored
with an Honorary Fellowship of Birmingham University (UK). Presently,
he is an Independent Director of Sri Biotech Laboratories India Ltd.,
Hyderabad, India.
CONTENTS
List of Contributors
List of Abbreviations
Preface
Acknowledgments
1. Introduction
K. V. Krishnamurthy, Bir Bahadur, and T. Pullaiah
2. Ethnic Diversity
K. V. Krishnamurthy, Bir Bahadur, and S. John Adams
3. The Influence of Trade, Religion and Polity on the Ethnic Diversity
and Ethnobotany of the Western Peninsular India
K. V. Krishnamurthy
4. European Contributions to the Ethnobotany of Western Peninsular
India During 16th to 18th Centuries
K. V. Krishnamurthy and T. Pullaiah
5. Listening to a Fairy Tale on a Moonlit Night…Some Reflections on
the Human Affinities with Plants in the Worldviews of Indigenous
Communities along the Western Ghats of Karnataka
B. S. Somashekhar
6. Ethnobotanicals of Western Ghats
S. Noorunnisa Begum, K. Ravi Kumar, and D. K. Ved
7. Contemporary Relevance of Ethno-Veterinary Practices and a
Review of Ethnoveterinary Medicinal Plants of Western Ghats
M. N. B. Nair and N. Punniamurthy
8. Medicinal Flora and Related Traditional Knowledge of Western
Ghats: A Potential Source for Community-Based Malaria
Management Through Endogenous Approach
B. N. Prakash, P. M. Unnikrishnan, and G. Hariramamurthi
9. Plant-Based Ethnic Knowledge on Food and Nutrition in the
Western Ghats
Kandikere R. Sridhar and Namera C. Karun
10. Useful Plants of Western Ghats
S. Karuppusamy and T. Pullaiah
11. Ethnobotany of Mangroves with Particular Reference to West
Coast of Peninsular India
T. Pullaiah, Bir Bahadur, and K. V. Krishnamurthy
12. Sacred Groves of Western Ghats: An Ethno-Based Biodiversity
Conservation Strategy
K. V. Krishnamurthy and S. John Adams
13. Ethnobryology of India
Afroz Alam
Index
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
S. John Adams
Department of Pharmacognosy, R&D, The Himalaya Drug Company, Makali, Bangalore, India
Afroz Alam
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Rajasthan–304022, India. E-
mail: [email protected]
Bir Bahadur
Department of Botany, Kakatiya University, Warangal 506009, Telangana, India. E-mail:
[email protected]
S. Noorunnisa Begum
Centre of Repository of Medicinal Resources, School of Conservation of Natural Resources,
Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health and Traditions, 74/2, Jarakabande Kaval, Attur PO, Via
Yelahanka, Bangalore 560–106, India. E-mail: [email protected]
G. Hariramamurthi
Trans-Disciplinary University (TDU), School of Health Sciences, FRLHT, 74/2, Jarakabande Kaval,
Attur post, Via Yelahanka, Bangalore – 560064, Karnataka, India. E-mail: [email protected]
Namera C. Karun
Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore – 574199,
Karnataka, India, E-mail: [email protected]
S. Karuppusamy
Department of Botany, The Madura College (Autonomous), Madurai – 625011, Tamilnadu, India.
Email: [email protected]
K. V. Krishnamurthy
Consultant, R&D, Sami Labs, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore – 560058, Karnataka, India. E-mail:
[email protected]
K. Ravi Kumar
Centre of Repository of Medicinal Resources, School of Conservation of Natural Resources,
Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health and Traditions, 74/2, Jarakabande Kaval, Attur PO, Via
Yelahanka, Bangalore 560–106, India. E-mail: [email protected]
M. N. B. Nair
Trans-disciplinary University, Veterinary Ayurveda Group, School of Health Sciences, 74/2,
Jarakabandekaval, Attur Post, Yelahanka, Bangalore, India, E-mail: [email protected]
B. N. Prakash
Trans-Disciplinary University (TDU), School of Health Sciences, FRLHT, 74/2, Jarakabande Kaval,
Attur post, Via Yelahanka, Bangalore – 560064, Karnataka, India. E-mail:
[email protected]
T. Pullaiah
Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur – 515003, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Email: [email protected]
N. Punniamurthy
Veterinary University Training and Research Centre, Pillayarpatty, Thanjavur–Trichirapally National
Highway (Vallam Post), Near RTO’s Office, Thanjavur – 613403, India, E-mail:
[email protected]
B. S. Somashekhar
Fulbright Fellow, Associated with: FRLHT and IINDICUS (Institute for Indigenous Cultures and
Studies), 74/2, Jarakabande Kaval, Attur P.O., via Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560106, India. E-mail:
[email protected], [email protected]
Kandikere R. Sridhar
Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore – 574199,
Karnataka, India, E-mail: [email protected]
P. M. Unnikrishnan
United Nations University – Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability, Tokyo, Japan, E-mail:
[email protected]
D. K. Ved
Centre of Repository of Medicinal Resources, School of Conservation of Natural Resources,
Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health and Traditions, 74/2, Jarakabande Kaval, Attur PO, Via
Yelahanka, Bangalore 560–106, India. E-mail: [email protected]
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AICRPE All India Coordinated Research Project on Ethnobiology
AMR antimicrobial resistance
ANI Ancient North Indian
ASI Ancestral South Indian
ASI Anthropological Survey of India
CAMP conservation assessment and management prioritization
CE common era
EIC English East India Company
FPIC free, prior informed consent
FRLHT Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions
IK indigenous knowledge
LEK local ecological knowledge
MPCAs medicinal plants conservation areas
NBR Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
NWFP non-wood forest produce
PURSE Promotion of University Research and Scientific
Excellence
RALHT Rapid Assessment of Local Health Traditions
RBG Royal Botanic Gardens
RP reverse pharmacology
SGs sacred groves
TAMP Threat Assessment and Management planning
TBGRI Tropical Botanical Garden and Research Institute
TDR trans-disciplinary research
TEK traditional ecological knowledge
VOC Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie
ZOO Zoo Outreach Organization
