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The Palgrave Handbook of Women and Science since 1660 is a comprehensive collection edited by Claire G. Jones, Alison E. Martin, and Alexis Wolf, exploring the contributions of women in various scientific fields from historical and contemporary perspectives. The book includes multiple sections discussing themes such as women's networks, visibility in institutions, cultures of science, science communication, and access to STEM education. It serves as a significant resource for understanding the role of women in science and aims to highlight their achievements and challenges throughout history.
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100% found this document useful (13 votes)
240 views17 pages

The Palgrave Handbook of Women and Science Since 1660 Digital DOCX Download

The Palgrave Handbook of Women and Science since 1660 is a comprehensive collection edited by Claire G. Jones, Alison E. Martin, and Alexis Wolf, exploring the contributions of women in various scientific fields from historical and contemporary perspectives. The book includes multiple sections discussing themes such as women's networks, visibility in institutions, cultures of science, science communication, and access to STEM education. It serves as a significant resource for understanding the role of women in science and aims to highlight their achievements and challenges throughout history.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Claire G. Jones · Alison E. Martin · Alexis Wolf
Editors

The Palgrave
Handbook of Women
and Science since 1660
Editors
Claire G. Jones Alison E. Martin
Faculty of Humanities Johannes Gutenberg University
and Social Sciences of Mainz
University of Liverpool Germersheim, Germany
Liverpool, UK

Alexis Wolf
University of Lancaster
Lancaster, UK

ISBN 978-3-030-78972-5 ISBN 978-3-030-78973-2 (eBook)


https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78973-2

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whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation,
reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any
other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation,
computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
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Cover illustration: Allan Cash Picture Library/Alamy Stock Photo

This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature
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The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
In memory of
Brandie R. Siegfried
(1963–2021)
Acknowledgements

Alison E. Martin is grateful for the help of Lena Bunje and Felix Barthelmay
in assisting with editing work on sections V and VI, and would particularly
like to thank them for their close attention to detail and commitment to the
project in challenging circumstances.
The editors would like to thank Elske Janssen for producing the index.

vii
Contents

Part I Introduction
1 Women in the History of Science: Frameworks, Themes
and Contested Perspectives 3
Claire G. Jones, Alison E. Martin, and Alexis Wolf

Part II Strategies and Networks


2 The Natural Philosophy of Margaret Cavendish,
Duchess of Newcastle: Nature, Self-Knowing Matter,
and the Dialogic Universe 27
Brandie R. Siegfried
3 Navigating Enlightenment Science: The Case of Marie
Geneviève-Charlotte Darlus Thiroux D’Arconville
and Gabrielle Émilie Le Tonnelier De Breteuil
and the Republic of Letters 47
Leigh Whaley
4 ‘A Valuable Gift’: The Medical Life of Margaret Mason,
Lady Mount Cashell 67
Alexis Wolf
5 Janet Taylor (1804–1870): Mathematical Instrument
Maker and Teacher of Navigation 85
John S. Croucher
6 Early Female Geologists: The Importance of Professional
and Educational Societies During the Late Nineteenth
and Early Twentieth Centuries 101
Cynthia V. Burek

ix
x CONTENTS

Part III Making Women Visible: Institutions, Archives and


Inclusion
7 Where Are the Women? How Archives Can Reveal Hidden
Women in Science 129
Anne Barrett
8 ‘A Very Worthy Lady’: Women Lecturing at the Royal
Geographical Society, 1913–C.1940 149
Sarah L. Evans
9 Women at the Royal Society Soirée Before the Great War 171
Claire G. Jones
10 Career Paths Dependent and Supported: The Role
of Women’s Universities in Ensuring Access to STEM
Education and Research Careers in Japan 195
Naonori Kodate and Kashiko Kodate
11 Internationalism and Women Mathematicians
at the University of Göttingen 223
Renate Tobies

Part IV Cultures of Science


12 Astronomy, Education and the Herschel Family: From
Caroline to Constance 247
Emily Winterburn
13 Domestic Astronomy in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth
Centuries 269
Gabriella Bernardi
14 Darwin and the Feminists: Nineteenth-Century Debates
About Female Inferiority 289
Amanda M. Caleb
15 Women, Gender and Computing: The Social Shaping
of a Technical Field from Ada Lovelace’s Algorithm
to Anita Borg’s ‘Systers’ 307
Corinna Schlombs
16 The Cultural Context of Gendered Science: India 333
Carol C. Mukhopadhyay
17 A Seat at the Table: Women and the Periodic System 355
Brigitte Van Tiggelen and Annette Lykknes
CONTENTS xi

Part V Science Communication


18 Mediating Knowledge: Women Translating Science 381
Alison E. Martin
19 Queen Lovisa Ulrika of Sweden (1720–1782): Philosophe
and Collector 399
Anne E. Harbers and Andrea M. Gáldy
20 Marianne North and Scientific Illustration 423
Philip Kerrigan
21 The Cycle of Credit and Phatic Communication in Science:
The Case of Catherine Henley 447
Jordynn Jack
22 Rachel Carson: Scientist, Public Educator
and Environmentalist 465
Ruth Watts
23 Representing Women in STEM in Science-Based Film
and Television 483
Amy C. Chambers

Part VI Access, Diversity and Practice


24 Catalysts, Compilers and Expositors: Rethinking Women’s
Pivotal Contributions to Nineteenth-Century ‘Physical
Sciences’ 505
Mary Orr
25 ‘The Question Is One of Extreme Difficulty’: The
Admission of Women to the British and Irish Medical
Profession, C. 1850–1920 529
Laura Kelly
26 The Work of British Women Mathematicians During
the First World War 549
June Barrow-Green and Tony Royle
27 More Than Pioneers—How Women Became Professional
Engineers Before the Mid-Twentieth Century 573
Nina Baker
28 Women and Surgery After the Great War 593
Claire Brock
29 Technology Users vs. Technology Inventors and Why We
Should Care 611
Wendy M. DuBow

Index 633
Notes on Contributors

Nina Baker has had a varied career, having become a merchant navy deck
officer on leaving school and later taken an Engineering Design degree in her
thirties, from the University of Warwick. She then gained a Ph.D. in concrete
durability from the University of Liverpool. She has lived with her family
in Glasgow since 1989, working variously as a materials lecturer in further
education and as a research administrator and, until 2017, as an elected city
councillor. Now retired from all that, her interest in promoting STEM careers
for girls has led her to become an independent researcher, mainly specializing
in the history of women working in engineering.
Anne Barrett M.A. AIC (Associateship of Imperial College London) is a
College Archivist & Corporate Records Manager at Imperial College London.
Anne has extensive experience in scientific archives and their management,
which is invaluable in satisfying the diverse enquiries of internal and external
users at Imperial College London, and in her own research. Externally, she
works with national and international archival, records management and stan-
dards bodies, and is Chairperson of two archive charities and Trustee of three.
Her most recent publication is Women At Imperial College Past, Present and
Future (2017 World Scientific). She has also contributed articles to Oxford
Dictionary of National Biography. In relation to International Women’s cele-
brations at Imperial College London, she runs an annual Women Wikithon,
giving the seminar attendees the opportunity to learn how to edit Wikipedia
entries, and add to the number of entries for women in STEMM.
June Barrow-Green is a Professor of History of Mathematics at the Open
University, Milton Keynes, UK. She is currently Chair of the International
Commission on the History of Mathematics. Her research focuses on the
history of nineteenth and twentieth century mathematics, particularly in
Britain. Recent studies concern the role of Cambridge mathematicians during
World War One, and the use of geometric surface models in research and in

xiii
xiv NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

teaching. She is the author of Poincaré and the Three Body Problem (1996),
an editor of the Princeton Companion to Mathematics (2008), and she has
recently co-authored a textbook together with Jeremy Gray and Robin Wilson,
The History of Mathematics: A Source-Based Approach (2019). She has a special
interest in the history of the gender gap in mathematics and is currently
working on the representation of women in mathematics as portrayed through
a variety of media.
Gabriella Bernardi is a freelance journalist and writer specializing in the
popularization of science. She graduated in physics from the University of
Turin, and also holds a Master’s degree in Journalism and Science Communi-
cation. She was awarded the Voltolino Prize for scientific journalism by the
Italian Union of Scientific Journalists (UGIS). Since 2008 she has been a
member of the European Union of Science Journalists’ Association (EUSJA).
She is a member of the IAU (International Astronomical Union) within Divi-
sion C (Education, Outreach and Heritage) and Commission C3 (History
of Astronomy); she also serves on the Executive Committee Working Group
‘Women in Astronomy’. She has published in several newspapers and maga-
zines that specialize in the popularization of astronomy, and is the author of
six astronomy books, three of which are in English and published by Springer.
Claire Brock is an Associate Professor in the School of Arts at the University
of Leicester. She is the author of three monographs, the most recent being
British Women Surgeons and their Patients, 1850–1918 (Cambridge University
Press, 2017), which was funded by a two-year Wellcome Trust Research Leave
Award, held between 2012 and 2014. She is currently working on a sequel
to this project, exploring women in surgery during the interwar years, and a
monograph on the surgical patient in the age of specialism, 1880–1930.
Cynthia V. Burek is an Emeritus Professor of Geoconservation at the Univer-
sity of Chester, UK. She has recently been appointed to the UNESCO IGCP
Science board for her expertise in geoheritage, Geoparks and conservation. She
is an honorary member of the Quaternary Research Association. Her special
interests include geodiversity underpinning biodiversity, and the history of
women in science, especially in geology. She has published extensively in these
areas and, as an international leader in her field, is also known as a public
communicator of science.
Amanda M. Caleb is a Professor of Medical Humanities at Geisinger
Commonwealth School of Medicine. She received her Ph.D. in English and
M.A. in Nineteenth-Century Studies from the University of Sheffield and her
B.A. in English from Davidson College; she is currently pursuing her M.P.H.
from the University of Alabama at Birmingham. She has published a number
of articles and book chapters on topics ranging from accounts of illness in the
Victorian period, to the rhetoric of British eugenics, to dementia and the role
of narrative medicine.
NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS xv

Amy C. Chambers is a Senior Lecturer at Manchester Metropolitan Univer-


sity working in the fields of science communication and screen studies. Her
research examines the intersection of science and entertainment media with
specific focus on women and science, and discourses surrounding science and
religion on screen. Recent and forthcoming publications explore the medi-
ation of women’s scientific expertise in mass media; the representation of
science, gender and race in Star Trek Discovery; medical horror and Alice
Lowe’s Prevenge; medical research and The Exorcist; and women-directed
science fiction film and television.
John S. Croucher Professor John Croucher is one of Australia’s most
prominent statisticians and authors, being recognized both nationally and
internationally, including the Prime Minister’s Award for Australian University
Teacher of the Year. Professor Croucher holds four Ph.D.s and an international
reputation for excellence in research with over 130 research papers and thirty-
two books, including Mistress of Science—The Story of the Remarkable Janet
Taylor. A Fellow of both the Royal Society of Arts and the Australian Mathe-
matical Society, in 2015 John was made a Member of the Order of Australia
(AM) for ‘significant service to mathematical science in the field of statistics,
as an academic, author and mentor to professional organizations’.
Wendy M. DuBow is the Director of Evaluation and a senior research scien-
tist at the US-based National Center for Women & Information Technology
(NCWIT) and an affiliate faculty member in Women and Gender Studies at the
University of Colorado. She conducts mixed-methods social science research
and evaluates the impact of NCWIT’s programmes and resources. Dr. DuBow
collects the national statistics NCWIT shares on girls’ and women’s partici-
pation in computing. She is also co-author of an online self-paced course for
post-secondary faculty and administrators on research-based ways to recruit
and retain women in computing, including how to evaluate these efforts.
Sarah L. Evans is a Research and Collections Engagement Manager at the
Royal Geographical Society (with IBG). A historian by training, she carried out
her doctoral research on the Society’s Collections through an AHRC-funded
Collaborative Doctoral Award. Her research examined women’s participation
in RGS-supported expeditions from 1913–1970, both mapping out the extent
of that participation and then considering a number of women and their expe-
riences in close detail. She has a particular interest in how we tell and write the
histories of geography, fieldwork and exploration—and who is left out of these.
She was also previously Research Assistant on the interdisciplinary AHRC-
funded Hero Project, working alongside colleagues at Aberdeen, Birmingham
and Durham universities. In her current role, she works to highlight and
promote research-led work on the Society’s Collections, sharing this work with
wider audiences.
Andrea M. Gáldy gained her Ph.D. in Art History and Archaeology at the
University of Manchester with a thesis on the collections of antiquities of
xvi NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

Cosimo I de’ Medici in Florence. She held post-doctoral fellowships of the


Henry Moore Foundation and at Villa I Tatti and taught for international
university programmes in Florence as well as in Germany. Andrea is a founding
member of the international forum Collecting & Display and the main editor
of the series Collecting Histories (CSP). Her main research interests are in
the field of collecting history and provenance studies, historical collections as
well as their modern translations into the Digital Humanities. In 2020, she
founded the research forum Collecting Central Europe.
Anne E. Harbers has a Master’s degree in Chemistry and an M.B.A., and
spent twenty-five years working globally in biotechnology, most recently in
Sydney, Australia. In 2014, she completed her M.Arts in Art History at the
University of Sydney and as an Independent Scholar has presented at the
international forum Collecting & Display in Germany and in the UK, and
at the Historians of Netherlandish Art conferences. She also presents on
decorative arts for museums and the National Trust in Australia. She has
published on topics relating to art, science, material culture and collecting
since 2014, and prior to that on academic scientific topics. Her most recent
publication, with Dr. Andrea Gáldy, is on an eighteenth-century Dutch Ladies
Society for Physical Sciences, in Women and the Art and Science of Collecting
in Eighteenth-Century Europe (Leis & Wills, eds., Routledge, 2021). She is
currently undertaking her Ph.D. through Radboud University in The Nether-
lands, under Prof. Dr. Volker Manuth, working on a seventeenth-century
Dutch still-life & marine artist.
Jordynn Jack is a Professor of English and Comparative Literature at the
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, where she teaches courses in
science writing, women’s rhetorics, rhetorical theory, composition pedagogy
and health humanities. She is the author of three books, Science on the Home
Front: American Women Scientists in World War II (University of Illinois
Press, 2009); Autism and Gender: From Refrigerator Mothers to Computer
Geeks (University of Illinois Press, 2014); and Raveling the Brain: Toward
a Transdisciplinary Neurorhetoric (Ohio State University Press, 2019).
Claire G. Jones is a Senior Lecturer in the Faculty of Humanities and Social
Sciences at the University of Liverpool, UK. Her research interests focus
primarily on the intersections of science, society and culture in Britain from
the late-eighteenth to the early-twentieth centuries. She has published widely
in these areas, including the monograph Femininity, Mathematics and Science,
1880-1914 (Palgrave, 2009) which was the winner of the Women’s History
Network Book Prize.
Laura Kelly is a Senior Lecturer in the history of health and medicine at
the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow with expertise in the social history
of medicine in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Ireland. Her first mono-
graph Irish Women in Medicine, c.1880s-1920s: Origins, Education and Careers
was published by Manchester University Press in 2012 (paperback, 2015).
NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS xvii

Her second monograph, Irish Medical Education and Student Culture,


c.1850-1950 was published by Liverpool University Press in September 2017
(paperback, 2020). She is currently working on a project on the history of
contraception in modern Ireland which is funded by a Wellcome Trust research
fellowship.
Philip Kerrigan completed his Ph.D. in 2009 at the University of York, where
he continues to work as the project officer for a joint University and Wellcome
Trust funded research centre. His thesis explores Charles Darwin’s scientific
and botanical writings in the artistic and cultural contexts of his time, and
he has published several articles based on this work. His interests have since
broadened out into the Medical Humanities and he co-edited a book of illus-
trated essays on mental health with the WHO Collaborating Centre for Global
Health Histories. He is particularly committed to interdisciplinary ways of
working and to public engagement and most recently co-authored a guide
to co-producing research with members of the public.
Kashiko Kodate (Dr. Eng, University of Tokyo) is a Professor Emerita at
the Faculty of Science, Japan Women’s University. She is currently CEO of
Photonic System Solutions Inc. and Outside Director, Hamamatsu Photonics
K.K. She was a former Programme Officer of the Japan Science and Tech-
nology Agency and Specially Appointed Professor at the University of
Electro-Communications, Chōfu, Japan. She has spent over forty years in
optical research, ranging from micro-optics to information photonics. She
co-founded and led the Japan Inter-Society Liaison Association Committee
for Promoting Equal Participation of Men and Women in Science and Engi-
neering (2002–2003). She served as the first female vice-president of the Japan
Society of Applied Physics (JSAP) in 2006 and was a member of the Science
Council of Japan (2005–2012). In 2010, she founded the Outstanding Female
Researcher Award and Contributions to Investing in People Award at the
JSAP. She has contributed to nurturing many female scientists in Japan and was
granted the 2010 Prime Minister Award in recognition of this achievement.
Naonori Kodate (Ph.D. in Political Science, London School of Economics
and Political Science) is Associate Professor, School of Social Policy, Social
Work and Social Justice, University College Dublin (UCD), Ireland and the
founding Director of the UCD Centre for Japanese Studies. His research
covers comparative public policy, and science, technology and society (STS),
particularly in the use of eHealth (e.g. care robots), patient safety and gender
equality in STEM. He is affiliated with Hokkaido University’s Public Policy
Research Centre, the Institute for Future Initiatives, University of Tokyo, la
Fondation France-Japon, l’Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales and
the Universal Accessibility & Ageing Research Centre in Nishitokyo, Japan.
His books include Japanese Women in Science and Engineering: History and
Policy Change (co-authored with Kashiko Kodate, Routledge) and Systems
xviii NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

Thinking for Global Health (co-edited with Frédérique Vallieres and Hasheem
Mannan, Oxford University Press).
Annette Lykknes is a Historian of science and Professor of chemistry
education at NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology in
Trondheim. Her research interests include the history of twentieth-century
chemistry, the history of education in chemistry, women in science, collab-
orative couples in the sciences and teaching practices in chemistry. She has
co-authored monographs in the Norwegian language on the 100th history
of chemistry at NTNU (2015) and on the periodic system (2019) and is co-
editor of several collected volumes, including Women in their Element: Selected
Women’s Contributions to the Periodic System (2019) and of The Periodic
System: The (Multiple) Values of an Icon (Special issue of Centaurus, 2019),
both co-edited with Brigitte Van Tiggelen.
Alison E. Martin is a Professor of British Studies at the Johannes Guten-
berg Universität-Mainz in Germany, and works at the faculty in Germersheim,
which specializes in Translation Studies and Interpreting. She has published
widely on translation studies, from the eighteenth century to the present day,
with a particular focus on travel literature, scientific writing and gender. Her
most recent monograph, Nature Translated: Alexander von Humboldt’s Works
in Nineteenth-Century Britain (Edinburgh University Press, 2018; paperback
2020), explores the role played by Humboldt’s female translators—key among
them Helen Maria Williams—in the transmission of scientific knowledge to a
general audience in the nineteenth century.
Carol C. Mukhopadhyay is a cultural anthropologist and Professor Emerita
at San José State University, California. Her anthropological expertise includes
gender, the family and sexuality, as well as race and ethnicity, comparative
education and methodology. She has carried out extensive fieldwork in India
and the US, published widely in her specialist areas, and regularly acts as a
consultant for various organizations.
Mary Orr is Buchanan Chair of French at the University of St Andrews
since 2016, after holding Professorships in French at the Universities of
Exeter and Southampton. An expert on intertextuality and nineteenth-century
French literatures that overtly engage with new scientific understanding, her
publications include her ground-breaking Flaubert’s Tentation: Remapping
Nineteenth-Century French Histories of Religion and Science (OUP, 2008),
spearheading her recent publications on transnational figures in nineteenth-
century French sciences: ‘Mainstream or Tributary? The Question of “Hiber-
nian” Fishes in Thompson’s The Natural History of Ireland (1856)’, in Nature
and the Environment, ed. Matthew Kelly (Liverpool: Liverpool University
Press, 2019), pp.159–182 and ‘Collecting Women in Geology: Opening the
International Case of a Scottish “Cabinétière”, Eliza Gordon Cumming (c.
1798–1842)’, in Cynthia Burek and Bettie Higgs, (eds.), Celebrating 100
NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS xix

Years of Female Fellowship of the Geological Society: Discovering Forgotten


Histories (London: Geological Society Special Publications 506, 2020).
Tony Royle is a former Royal Air Force and commercial airline pilot who is
currently a Research Associate and Associate Lecturer at the Open University,
Milton Keynes, UK. He is the author of The Flying Mathematicians of World
War I (2020) and has a particular interest in the contribution of women math-
ematicians and scientists to the advancement of aeronautics in Britain in the
early part of the twentieth century. He is an external examiner in Aviation
Studies for Middlesex University, London, and his latest research considers
the contributions of British mathematicians to the development of efficient
aircraft propellors during World War One.
Corinna Schlombs is an Associate Professor in the Department of History
at Rochester Institute of Technology. She received her Diploma in Soci-
ology from Bielefeld University in Germany, and her Ph.D. in the History
and Sociology of Science from the University of Pennsylvania. Her research
focuses on technology and capitalism in transatlantic relations. She is the
author of Productivity Machines: German Appropriations of American Tech-
nology from Mass Production to Computer Automation (MIT Press, 2019).
She has published articles and book chapters on international computing
and computing and gender. Most recently, her research has been supported
through a National Science Foundation Scholars Award that enabled her to
focus on her current book project, which investigates transatlantic transfers of
productivity culture and technology in the two decades before and after World
War II.
Brandie R. Siegfried was a Professor of English at Brigham Young Univer-
sity in Utah, US; her expertise was in Renaissance Studies in the context
of English and American literature with a special interest in early modern
women writers. She published widely in this area, including editing Margaret
Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle, Poems and Fancies with The Animal Parlia-
ment (ACMRS Press, 2018) and co-authoring God and Nature in the Thought
of Margaret Cavendish (Ashgate, 2014).
Renate Tobies is a historian of mathematics and sciences at the Friedrich-
Schiller-University of Jena (Germany). After completing her academic
degrees at the University of Leipzig, she was the managing editor of
the NTM-International Journal of History of Natural Sciences, Technology and
Medicine for twenty years. In addition, she became a Visiting Professor at the
University of Kaiserslautern, held a chair of history of science and technology
at the University of Stuttgart, and further visiting professorships in Braun-
schweig, Saarbrücken, Jena, Linz and Graz. She is an Effective Member of
the Académie Internationale d’Histoire des Sciences and a Foreign Member
of the Agder Academy of Sciences and Letters (Kristiansand, Norway). Her
main research fields are the history of mathematics and its applications, and
women in mathematics, science and technology.
xx NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

Brigitte Van Tiggelen is the Director for European Operations at the Science
History Institute, Philadelphia, US and member of the Centre de Recherche
en Histoire des Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium. Grad-
uated both in physics and history, she devoted her Ph.D. to chemistry in
XVIIIth century Belgium. Her research interests include Belgian history of
science, history of chemistry, collaborative couples and women in science,
domestic science, and philosophy of chemistry, in particular the boundaries
between physics and chemistry. She has authored and edited books in French
and in English including Madame d’Arconville (1720-1805): une femme de
lettres et de sciences au siècle des Lumières (2011) co-edited with Patrice Bret;
For Better Or for Worse?: Collaborative Couples in the Sciences (2012), co-
edited with Annette Lykknes and Donald L. Opitz, and Domesticity in the
Making of Modern Science (2016), co-edited with Donald L. Opitz and
Staffan Bergwik.
Ruth Watts is an Emeritus Professor of History of Education at the Univer-
sity of Birmingham. Her research interests are in the history of education and
gender and she has published widely on these including Women in Science:
A Social and Cultural History (Routledge, 2007). Ruth is on the Board of
Editors of History of Education, ex-President of the British History of Educa-
tion Society and co-convenor of the Standing Working Group on Gender in
the International Standing Conference for the History of Education (ISCHE).
She has also been involved for many years in various networks in women’s
history.
Leigh Whaley taught and researched European history for over thirty years.
Retired from full-time teaching, Professor Whaley continues to teach two
online courses: Gender and Sexuality in Europe and Western Civilization at
Acadia University, Philadelphia, US. Her past publications include articles and
books on subjects as wide-ranging as women in science and medicine and
medieval military surgeons to female spies during World War II. She currently
works for the Department of Justice, Canada, as an historical expert.
Emily Winterburn lives in Leeds and is a primary school teacher. She has
written a number of commercial books including most recently her biography
of Caroline Herschel, The Quiet Revolution of Caroline Herschel, in 2017.
Emily originally studied physics before turning to History of Science (both at
Manchester) as a postgraduate. Between 1998 and the birth of her second
child in 2008 she worked as curator of astronomy at the Royal Observa-
tory in Greenwich where collections included material relating to the Herschel
family. At Greenwich Emily began her thesis with Imperial College, London,
completing her Ph.D. in 2011. In 2014 she won the Royal Society Essay Prize
for a piece on William Herschel. Since leaving Greenwich, she has worked at
the University of Leeds History of Science Museum. In 2015 took part in the
‘Women Writing Science’ panel at the Royal Society before beginning teacher
training in 2016.
NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS xxi

Alexis Wolf is a Research Associate in the Department of English Literature


and Creative Writing at Lancaster University. She has previously researched
and lectured at the University of Leeds and Birkbeck, University of London.
Her research focuses on women’s writing of the late eighteenth and early
nineteenth centuries, including in the areas of medicine and antiquarianism.
She has published her research in European Romantic Review (2019) and
served as Guest Editor for a special issue of 19: Interdisciplinary Studies in
the Long Nineteenth Century on women’s archival silences (2018). She is
currently working on her first book, which examines manuscript circulation
within women’s transnational networks in the Romantic period.

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