Imaging in Clinical Neurosciences for Non radiologists An
Atlas - 1st Edition
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Imaging in Clinical Neurosciences
for Non-radiologists
An Atlas
Hemanshu Prabhakar
Professor, Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care
All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
S. Leve Joseph Devarajan
Additional Professor, Department of Neuroimaging & Interventional Neuroradiology
All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
CRC Press
Boca Raton and London
First edition published 2021
by CRC Press
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and by CRC Press
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© 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data
Names: Prabhakar, Hemanshu, author. | Devarajan, S. Leve Joseph, author.
Title: Imaging in clinical neurosciences for non-radiologists : an atlas / by Hemanshu Prabhakar, S. Leve Joseph
Devarajan.
Description: First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2021. | Includes index. | Summary: "This Atlas presents
both normal and pathological conditions of the Brain and Spine pictorially. Targeted towards non-radiologists, it
is a unique book with well labeled and self-explanatory images. All routine conditions involving neuroradiology
have been included. Images from different radiological modalities such as X-ray, Computed Tomography (CT),
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) have also been included.
This book aims to serve as a ready reckoner for clinicians, trainees, residents as well as professional
radiologists"-- Provided by publisher.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020052689 (print) | LCCN 2020052690 (ebook) | ISBN 9780367133306 (hardback) | ISBN
9780367685898 (paperback) | ISBN 9780429025945 (ebook)
Subjects: MESH: Brain Diseases--diagnostic imaging | Spinal Diseases--diagnostic imaging | Brain--anatomy &
histology | Spine--anatomy & histology | Atlas
Classification: LCC RC348 (print) | LCC RC348 (ebook) | NLM WL 17 | DDC 616.8/0475--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020052689
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020052690
ISBN: 9780367133306 (hbk)
ISBN: 9780367685898 (pbk)
ISBN: 9780429025945 (ebk)
Typeset in Minion Pro
by KnowledgeWorks Global Ltd.
To my family, my teachers and all my students
Hemanshu Prabhakar
To my wife Silviya, kids Bernice & Raphael and my parents
S. Leve Joseph Devarajan
Contents
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xi
Authors xiii
List of Abbreviations xv
List of Contributors xvii
1 Normal anatomy 1
2 Congenital anomalies 15
3 Epilepsy imaging 43
4 Neurocutaneous syndromes 53
5 Metabolic disorders 59
6 Demyelination and inflammatory disorders 71
7 Neurovascular diseases 79
8 Central nervous system tumors 99
9 Central nervous system infections 143
10 Neurotrauma 157
11 Degenerative brain and spine diseases 171
Index 187
vii
Preface
A great way of learning is through pictures and This book covers all common conditions of
images. In medical practice, too, radiology is the brain and spine, both normal and pathologi-
an extremely important specialty and an essen- cal. This book is structured like an atlas, enabling
tial component in making diagnosis of diseases readers to easily understand the various neurora-
and various conditions. Neuroradiology unfolds diological modalities of investigation. Different
the intricacies of neural structures and, at times, parts of the normal brain and spine and also the
these can be difficult to understand or remember pathologies are presented pictorially with real
by non-radiologists. The purpose of this book is scans and real cases.
to collect all possible images of varied neurologi- This book should prove useful for trainees, fel-
cal problems. Images from different radiological lows and practitioners related to fields such as neu-
modalities such as x-ray, computed tomography roanesthesia, neurocritical care, neuroradiology,
(CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and dig- neurosurgery, and neurology.
ital subtraction angiography (DSA) are included.
The content is entirely pictorial and non-textual. Hemanshu Prabhakar
We have tried to ensure each image is well labeled S. Leve Joseph Devarajan
and self-explanatory.
ix
Acknowledgments
We wish to acknowledge the support of the admin- Special thanks are due to the production team
istration of the All India Institute of Medical at Taylor & Francis Group, CRC Press: Shivangi,
Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, in allowing us to Mouli, Himani, Ritesh, Rajani, Sunaina and
conduct this academic task. Ashraf.
We also thank the faculty and staff of the
department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Hemanshu Prabhakar
Care and Department of Neuroimaging and S. Leve Joseph Devarajan
Interventional Neuroradiology at AIIMS, for their
support.
xi
Authors
Dr. Hemanshu Prabhakar is a Professor in Dr. S. Leve Joseph Devarajan is an Additional
Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care at the All Professor in the Department of Neuroimaging &
India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Interventional Neuroradiology, All India Institute
Delhi, India. He received his training in neuroan- of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
aesthesia and completed his PhD at the same insti- He received his training in Neuroimaging and
tute. He is recipient of the AIIMS Excellence Award Interventional Neuroradiology from the same
2012 for notable contribution in academics. He has institute. He is involved in neurovascular inter-
more than 250 publications in national and inter- ventional work and is in charge of the in-patient
national journals to his credit. He is a guide and and outpatient services of his department. His
mentor of many DM and PhD students. He is on special interests include acute stroke intervention,
the Editorial board of Indian Journal of Palliative management of pediatric neurovascular diseases,
care and is the past Executive Editor of the Journal spinal vascular malformations and management
of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care. He is of high flow neurovascular malformations. He
the editor of several books on the subject of neuro- has around 30 publications to his credit and has
anesthesia and neurocritical care. He was featured contributed chapters to four textbooks. He is a
in the Limca Book of Records 2019. member of various neuroradiology and radiology
societies and currently is the Treasurer of Indian
Society of Neuroradiology.
xiii
List of Abbreviations
NCCT Non-contrast computed tomography MIP Maximum intensity projection
FLAIR Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery TOF MRA Time of flight magnetic resonance
CSF Cerebrospinal fluid angiography
DWI Diffusion-weighted imaging PA Postero-anterior
FAT SAT Fat saturation CCA Common carotid artery
SWI Susceptibility weighted imaging DSC Dynamic susceptibility contrast
DTI Diffusion tensor imaging Ax PC Axial post-contrast
ADC Apparent diffusion coefficient T1 PG T1 post-gadolinium
MRS Magnetic resonance spectroscopy ASL Arterial spin labeling
NMO Neuromyelitis optica T1 +C T1 post contrast
CBF Cerebral blood flow GRE Gradient-recalled echo
CBV Cerebral blood volume STIR Short-TI inversion recovery
MTT Mean transit time GCS Glasgow coma scale
DSA Digital subtraction angiography RTA Road traffic accident
MCA Middle cerebral artery MERGE Multiple echo recombined gradient
ICA Internal carotid artery echo
CVT Cerebral venous thrombosis LS spine Lumbo sacral spine
MRV Magnetic resonance venography C Spine Cervical spine
xv
