Green Supply Chain in Automobile Industry

Green Supply Chain management talks about supply of goods and services
right from the raw materials suppliers to the customers such that the
entire material flow, information flow etc. is concerned about the
environment. It is basically about integrating environmental aspect in our
SCM throughout the set of processes involved in production like design,
manufacture, delivery and service. The use of green or environmental
friendly methods for the supply chain management is looked upon as an
opportunity by many organizations to cut down costs, increase revenues
and take care of the environment at the same time.

Traditional ways of supply chain management were centered on

delivering total quality at optimum costs while adopting certain
environmental-friendly activities. Today, it has already become quite
mandatory to add at least some environmental approach, innovation or
idea to every stage of the supply chain. Lean manufacturing is also greatly
adopted because it works on elimination of waste at every point in the
supply chain such that inventory costs are reduced, disposal of
unnecessary items that could harm the environment doesn’t take place
anymore and customer expectations are exceeded by giving them the
most environment friendly products. Hence, lean manufacturing also
contributes to going green.

The various ways that help in building a green supply chain include:

 Design of the product should take place keeping in mind that it

should minimize pollution and usage of energy and it should be safe
to use for people and environment. It shouldn’t cause any kind of
hazards in terms of transportation and storage as well as disposal.
 The concept called Design for Environment should be implemented
so that the product is good for the environment as well as human
beings and cost effective as well.
 The production strategy should also be decided while keeping in
mind that it must reduce energy consumption being effective and
efficient at the same time. Reduction of waste materials as well as
emissions to water and air must be reduced. Recycling of any kind of
materials especially scrap must be implemented.
 The partners for the business must also be selected keeping in mind
such practices on lean manufacturing and the green approach.
Partners like vendors and suppliers must also be involved when the
product is designed and conceptualized so that they can not only
share their practices but align how they are planning to deal with the
product with the environmental friendly approach by the company.
If the entire supply chain implements these practices, it will not only
be extremely beneficial to the environment but also lead to customer
delight.
 For logistics, efforts should be made to minimize fuel consumption.
Transport by rail or water ways should be preferred over air travels.
Space utilization and fleet management should be efficient for which
logistics partners need to be involved in product design phase
 Materials that are used for packaging must also be eco-friendly,
preferably reusable and recyclable.
 Green approach to IT must also be adopted by various processes that
are automated and can reduce carbon footprints. The use of paper
can be avoided greatly by using digital means.
 Green practices can also be implemented in buildings during
construction and maintenance. Energy efficient resources for
 lighting or opportunities for natural lighting can save a lot.

Review of literature

Various literature reviews are available on the Green Supply where

researchers are talking about how company can take initiative for this and
implement Green Supply. So some of the most important literature
reviews are as follow :
Jain and Sharma (2012) studies Green Supply Chain Management
practices from literature and combine common practices in automobile
industry through questioner This study was primary study where author
developed questionnaire of 26 Green Supply Chain Management. This
paper combine issues related to supply chain management with Green
aspects and total 10 organizations was selected for this study. Author has
filled the questioner from Supply chain / purchasing / production
department and manager of the company. Because these are the people
who know Green Supply chain practices in the company as compare to
other people. For this study author used convenient sampling and directly
interacted with the organizations’ Managers/ employees.
Organization from Pithampur and Dewas (M.P., India) had
participated in filling questioner. Study also covers Green Supply Chain
Practice in context of Green activities across the organization like IT,
logistics, and transportation with green. Intensity of Green activities in IT
department is very good where company is using SAP, ERP software
which 81.25%. While green logistics (43.75%), transport greening
(56.25%) and green purchasing (50%). The company which responded
and component industries are not practicing Eco-labelling (43.75%). As it
is not common practice as compare to eco design (87.50%). Eco design is
to use disposal of product is less harmful for environment. Out of 10
companies author study only 5 companies were ISO 14001 certified.
Author also studies some of the barriers to implement the green supply
chain practices in automobile industry where commitments from Top
management play an important role.
 Sanghavi et al (2015) study green supply chain management practice
in automobile industry. Author focuses on green design and green
operations. With the help of green supply chain management automobile
is trying to achieve higher efficiency. There are so many barriers to
implement practices in the company. Green operations include green
manufacturing, reverse logistic and waste management. The strategies
under green design adopted by sector were environment conscious design
(ECD) and life cycle analysis (LCA). They suggested company can optimize
procurement on raw material and distribution can be optimizing through
green supply chain management. They suggested Implementation of
GSCM in automobile. They make the relationships between knowledge
transfer and green management performance. Author studies detail
analysis of green operations of the companies BMW, Toyota, Ford and
BYD. Companies like BMW, Toyota, and Ford are practices green supply
chain activities like Life cycle assessment design, recycling, inventory
management, inspecting and sorting Pollution prevention and Disposal.
Author also discuses some of the barrier to environment supply chain
management practices.

Even Green Supply chain practices help the company to increase

efficiency and cost benefit but there are so many barriers associated with
it. Author combines Barrier to Implement GSCM in Indian Automobile
Industry from literature and finds total 11 barriers where management
and government should focus. Green design and Green Operation focus in
this research paper where green design include product made from
recycled , Products that can be reused , Products made from organic
components and Products with environment friendly packaging. Green
Operations which include Green Manufacturing and re-manufacturing,
Reverse Logistics and network design, Waste Management.

Luthra et al. (2011) studies barrier to implement green supply chain

management in automobile industry. This research paper has identified
relation between barrier and contextual relationship among the identical
barriers. Author identified 11 barriers from literature and discussion with
expert from academia and industry. Initially author explains difference
between conventional supply chain and green supply chain. As
Automobile industry is one of the most responsible industries to spread
population then Green Supply Chain management practice will one of the
best efficient techniques to implement to protect our environment.
 Green Supply Chain Management implementation is one of the best
strategies to give challenge carbon emission. In this research major
activates of supply chain include enable to help implement GSCM and how
different companies are changing their prospective towards Green supply
chain. Author used objectives, ecological optimization, supplier selection
criteria, cost pressure, flexibility and speed for the difference between
conventional and GSCM. Some of barrier has been identified by author are
Lack of IT system , poor quality of Human resource , lack of government
support , lack of top management commitment , cost implication. It
discussed conceptual basic model of green management system and also
discussed factors which affect green management. A major barrier of
GSCM in automobile industry is lack of awareness of customers about
benefit of using green product. So removal of this entire barrier will help
the practices of green supply chain management.

Author also explained Green Supply Chain management using seven

stage where they consider variable affecting the system and it also explain
Green supply chain management using matrix and give ranking to
different parameter.
Shankar Sarkis and Hasan (2007) design a structured diagram of
environment aware manufacturing plant. Yu (2007) deliberate factors
three factors named technology, organization and environment influence
the acceptance of green supply chain practices in Taiwan. They divided
barriers into two types- internal barriers and external barriers’. Yu and
Hui (2008) examined six factors influencing adoption of green
innovations for logistics service providers. Zhu, Sarkis and Lai (2008a)
surveyed to evaluate their perceived green supply chain practice and
narrate them to close the supply chain loop with manufacturers in four
characteristic Chinese industries'. Zhu, Sarkis and Lai (2008b) designed a
measurement model for green supply chain practices implementation
between the manufacturers. Mudgal, Shankar, Talib and RaJ (2009) give
clarity on ISM based model for green supply chain in Indian
manufacturing industries'

In India Automobile Industry is one of the biggest in the world and

one of fastest growing globally. Tremendous growth has been observed
in this industry in last few years. Indian automobile manufacturer
manufacture over 11 million vehicle s and export around 2 million every
year. There are fifteen important enablers to implement Green supply
chain management practices in Indian automobile industry have been
identified. Automobile sector is responsible for more than 70% of total air
pollution.

Automobile sector is responsible for 80% of total carbon oxide

emission, Environment Management system tried to protect environment
and maximum utilize of natural resources. In Green Supply Chain
management there are so many different activities include like Green
Packaging, Green Manufacturing, Reduce waste, recycle the product,
Green Distribution and green warehousing.

Identification of enablers to implement green supply chain

management in Indian automobile industry

Indian automobile manufacturer manufacture over 11 million

(including 2 wheeled and 4 wheeled) Vehicles and export around 2
million every year. In the year 2009, India appeared as Asia’s fourth major
exporter of passenger cars, behind Japan, South Korea and Thailand.
Fifteen important enablers to implement GSCM practices in Indian
automobile industry have been identified. These enablers have been
identified through extensive literature review, discussion with middle
level engineers. Enables the implement Green Supply Chain management
in Indian automobile industry reported in literature are briefly explained
in table:
Sr. Enablers to Brief Description Researchers
no implement
GSCM
1. Informat An efficient Jharkharia
ion and
Technol information technological Shankar;Ravi
ogy system is necessary for and Shankar
Enablem effective communication ;sark
ent and is
supporting the GSCM et.al;
2. Technology Technology advancement Gant; Digalwar
advancement and organization and Metri; Yu;
adoption Yu and Hui;
and is Mudgal et. al.
Organization advancements in machinery
adoption and equipment to improve
the products and services to
increase the environmental
performance to
achieve GSCM
3. Organization Organization Sarkis et. al, Yu
Encouragement encouragement is to ; Hsu and
motivate the employees by Hu ;Singh and
providing incentives or Kant ;
other benefits to
achieve efficient GSCM
4. Quality of Quality of human Ravi and
resources means Sankar ;
human well qualified and Sarkiset. al.;
professionals to implement Mugdal et. al.;
 Resources effective green practices. Luthra et. al.
5. Government Government sets the Scupola;Yu ; Yu
Support environmental regulations and Hui;
systems for industry government MudgaL et. Al;
support system means Luthre et. al
industry friendly
governmental policies to
promote GSCM.
6. Innovative Innovative green practices Yu; Zhu et. al. ;
means use of those Hsu and Hu;
green practices practices which are Mudgal et. al.;
not/less harmful to the Luthra et. al.
environment e.g green
design, green manufacturing
etc.
7. Top Top management Hamel
commitment is dedication and
Prahalad;
management to empower people to
Digalwar and
commitment change, the progress to Metri; Ravi
ensure core and Shankar;

manufacturing strategies
and
business strategies.
8. International An international Chien and
agreement environment agreements Shih; Yu; Chien
means green practices and Shih; Yu
should be promote at and Hui;Luthra
international platforms e.g et. al.
SAARC,WHO etc.
9. Supplier Involvement of the Digawar
Motivation
suppliers in design process and
Metri;Ravi
and technology affects
overall performance of and
whole chain. Shankar;Sarka
r and
mohapatra
10. Awareness Customer’s awareness Lamming
level of means if customer wants
customers green products; the and
company has to change hamapson ;Du
technology for innovative ber Smith;zhu
green products.
and
sarkis;Mudgal
et.
al.; Luthra et. al.
11. Environment Environment literacy is the Revell,
Literacy understanding of
environmental issues to and
among implement GSCM Rutherford;
supply Mudgal et. al. ;

chain
distribution
networks
12. Supportive Supportive company Mudgal et. al.;
Yan
Company policies means policies that
encourage or motivate
Policies to implement GSCM
 towards GSCM
13. Economic Economic interests means Lamming
Interests
lowering costs by reducing
waste and reducing and
environmental compliance Hamapson;
costs
stevels;
Duber Smith;
Zhu
14. Competitivenes Competitiveness is Chen et. al.;
s supremacy, Mudgal
standing out from others
15. Proper Strategic planning gives the Hsu
course of the action for and
strategic implementation of GSCM. Hu;Simpson

Panning
and
Samson;Mudga
l
et.
al.
GREEN INITIATIVES BY VARIOUS COMPANIES

1) MARUTI SUZUKI

Maruti Suzuki, the leader in the Indian automotive industry, owns the
country's largest production facility. With both production facilities
running at full capacity, the company ensures that it does not damage or
destroy the environment. Over the years, MSIL has taken special steps to
minimize the carbon footprint of its manufacturing facilities, products
and supply chain operations. The company believes that investing in
environmental technology is of commercial significance as it will yield
good results in the medium to long term. To maintain this vision, MSIL has
maintained leading environmental regulations and improved its product,
manufacturing and supply chain operations to minimize the
environmental impact of its operations on society. The country's
industrial ecosystem is relatively young, but given the promise of rapid
growth, the company chose a sensible path. The company is investing
in environmental technologies and waste reduction to make its business
more greener. Although the initial investment is high, but the company
has realized that in the long run, the return on investment is better. The
company is investing in and implementing such initiatives / processes
in its production facilities in various vertical industries. Maruti Suzuki
was fortunate to be the first car company in India to register a Clean
Development Mechanism (CDM) project on the UN Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
Green Manufacturing

As manufacturing is a core part of the company, the company has been

paying particular attention to this. MSIL follows the basic philosophy
of SMC's smaller, lighter, shorter, tidy facility. The company identified five
priority areas for protecting the environment and optimizing the use of
resources.
The steps taken can be broadly divided into the following aspects:

 Material use and weight reduction

 Energy conservation
 Water conservation
 Air emissions reduction
 Waste management

 Material use and weight reduction

MSIL has started to improve the process of effective use of resources. It

continues to implement the "one gram, one point" plan to reduce material
consumption by retrofitting and designing existing vehicles. With this
plan, MSIL's goal is to reduce raw material consumption. The savings
and efficient use of raw materials do not stop there, and MSIL has further
implemented a system that makes use of the waste produced by the press
shop. Scrap generated during stamping and casting operations is sent to
suppliers who make components for children or make related products.
Companies focus on improving production, save resources. This activity
extends from traditional sheet metal to plastic, electrical and casting
 Energy Conservation

In any manufacturing plant, energy consumption is the main vertical

direction of cost and carbon footprint. Even in this regard, MSIL has been
taking steps to reduce costs and carbon footprint. Both facilities operate
on self-contained power plants that use natural gas, clean and green fuels.
Manesar recently commissioned a factory designed to maximize the use
of natural light, thereby reducing the need for lighting during the day.
Specific to the Gurgaon factory, has taken the following steps:

1) Installation of waste heat recovery boilers and steam turbine

generators to generate electricity from waste heat recovered from
existing gas turbines in Gurgaon.
2) Introduces a new generation of Electrode position (ED) paint coatings
that operate at low voltages and consume less energy in paint operations.
3) Aerodynamic energy-efficient fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) blades
replace standard blades on cooling towers to reduce energy
consumption.
4) The shop floor voltage is optimized for lighting and motor load.
5) Introducing desiccant air dryer to reduce energy consumption.

At Manesar, the following steps were taken:

1) The LED lamp was installed at the newly-started second factory, making

it the first automobile manufacturing plant in India to fully utilize LED

technology. (Ordinary down lights use 50 watts of electricity, initial
purchase cost is about 60 rupees, LED lights use 22 watts of electricity,
the cost of 1,500 rupees or so). By initially investing high, LED lights
consume half the power of ordinary fluorescent lamps. After Manesar saw
the success of this move, Gurgaon also installed LED lights
2) A gravity conveyor was installed in the second factory's workshop to
deliver the body panels, eliminating the need for a motor. In addition,
energy-efficient motors installed on utility equipment.
3) Regular energy audits of suppliers to reduce energy consumption and
costs by sharing best practices and benchmarks.

 Water Consumption

Water is another scarce resource and MSIL is doing its best to

protect and promote its effective use. Since 2003-04, the company has
achieved "zero emissions" status in Gurgaon and in Manesar since 2006-
07. The company uses canal water to conserve groundwater during most
of its production. The total water consumption for the Gurgaon and
Manesar plants in 2011-12 is 1801,322 cubic meters, including 1,495,754
cubic meters of canal water, 305,018 cubic meters of well water and 550
cubic meters of rainwater. Other company water saving measures
include:
In 2011-12, a total of 1,234,767 cubic meters of water were
recovered and reused, accounting for 41% of the total water consumption
of the two production facilities.
The company's production equipment to zero waste water discharge
status. Introduce air conditioning direct cooling system. Use air-cooled
dryers instead of water-cooled dryers in compressed air plants. The
paint shop in Gurgaon uses recycled water instead of raw water.
 Air-cooled condensers were installed in Gurgaon and Manesar plants
instead of water-cooled condensers. In 2011-12, a total of 1,234,767 cubic
meters of water were recovered and reused, accounting for 41% of the
total water consumption of the two plants. The proportion of reclaimed
water used at the Gurgaon plant in the reporting year increased from
41% to 44%. After securing the required water quality standards

for gardening, the Company used 462,049 cubic meters of treated sewage.
Waste minimization and process innovations have led to a 61% drop in
unit vehicle water usage at the Gurgaon plant over the past decade, and a
drop of about 56% in vehicle use at the Manesar plant over the past five
years. The chart above provides an index of water usage per car per
plant over the years

 Air emissions reduction

Maruti Suzuki's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions mainly come from

the combustion of power generation and process fuels, accounting for
more than 90% of the company's total greenhouse gas emissions. The
total greenhouse gas emissions of the two plants in 2011-12 were
3,14,355 T (CO2). Greenhouse gas reporting follows Scope 1 and 2 of the
WBCSD / WRI Protocol. Ambient air quality and chimney emissions
parameters (SOx NOx, SPM, etc.) are regularly monitored by government-
approved external agencies. The monitoring value is completely within
the limits set by the Pollution Control Committee.
The emission reduction measures adopted in the reporting year include:
A special fluidised bed incinerator was installed to clean the paint grille
instead of a direct incinerator
Improve gas turbine operating efficiency.

 Waste Management

Hazardous waste as a by-product of Maruti Suzuki's manufacturing

operations includes paint, phosphate and sewage treatment plant (ETP)
sludge, incinerator ash and used oil. Waste oil sold to authorize
recyclers. Since 2010, Maruti Suzuki has been sending paint, phosphate
and ETP sludge to the cement industry for co- processing. This has
eliminated the need for burning and filling. Sellable solid waste such as
metal scrap and glass waste are sold to recyclers. All WIP-related EWG
can only be handled by authorized recyclers.

In the reporting year, 4227 tons of hazardous wastes and 406 tons
of used oil were produced. Existing landfills are gradually sending the
rubbish to the cement industry. In the reporting year, a total of 5,663 tons
of hazardous wastes were transported to the cement industry for co-
processing. There were no major leaks inside the factory as the
secondary containment would be provided whenever there was a
possibility of a leak

As a responsible business, Maruti Suzuki strongly believes that now is

the right time to step down and expand its plan for sustainable growth.
In order to make the company and its value chain more sustainable, the
company will move on.

2) TATA MOTORS

TATA Automotive is working with channel partners to reduce the

impact of climate change on its supply chain. TATA Motor has taken up a
unique initiative - a Green Dealership that builds awareness in the supply
chain and promotes good environmental practices and management
systems. The initiative aims to disseminate information on energy
efficiency and subsequent reductions in greenhouse gas emissions,
providing potential financial savings for channel partners.

TATA Motor Company has estimated the carbon footprint of its tier one
supply chain and started a carbon dioxide mitigation program at the
supplier level. Here are some of their key milestones:

(1) Increasing supplier awareness of climate change through the science,

impact, causes and mitigation information modules of a 20-minute climate
change and its associated impacts;

(2) Sharing the concept of energy efficiency;

(3) Collect environmental and energy-related data from Tier 1 suppliers
and estimate the footprint of Tata Motors' related businesses.

Tata Motors believes in the technology of the future. It’s annual R & D
expenditure accounts for about 2% of our turnover. Its products are
environmentally friendly in a variety of ways. These include the reduction
of hazardous substances in vehicle components, the development of
lubricants, liquids and ozone-friendly refrigerants for extended life. Tata
Motors has been committed to implementing a variety of environmentally
sensitive technologies in the manufacturing process.

Tata Motors' concerns are reflected in a dual approach -

 Reduce environmental pollution and regular pollution control

 Restore the ecological balance

In the first approach to reduce pollution, Tata Motors also invested in

establishing an advanced emission testing laboratory. To protect the
environment, Tata Motors has raised the performance of all its four- and
six-cylinder engines to international emission standards. All this is done
with the help of world-renowned engine consultants such as Ricardo and
AVL. These engines are used in the Indian market, Tata Motors and more
than 70 export markets. Tata Motors is constantly working on developing
alternative fuel engine technologies. It manufactured a CNG version of the
bus and equipped it with a CNG-Electric hybrid bus, which is a benchmark
for emissions quality. It recently demonstrated its superior technology in
the form of a fuel cell bus. This eco-friendly bus uses only water as a by-
product, thus eliminating emissions.

To restore ecological balance, Tata Motors has set up sewage treatment

facilities at its plant to prevent polluting water from entering the
ecosystem. In Pune, treated water is kept in lakes, attracting birds of any
kind from all over the world, turning this space into a green belt. Planted
trees involving villagers and Tata Motors employees have turned barren
villages green. Tata Motors has planted 80,000 trees and planted more
than 2.4 million trees in Jamshedpur. More than 500,000 trees have been
planted in Pune. Tata Motors has instructed all suppliers to package the
product as a substitute for wood instead of wood.

 Efficiency Building:

Like water, TML is aware of its power of use. The company generates its
own power, which means there is an automatic cap on consumption.

Part of the coke used as fuel in the TML blast furnace is used for chemical
reactions. The other part from the roof is called blast furnace gas. This is
used to generate electricity because it still has some potential heat and
unused fuel. Unconsumed fuel is used to generate electricity while about
600-700 kcal / standard cubic meters (Nm3) of heat is recycled to remove
moisture from the coke or act as a fuel in the boiler to reduce high- speed
diesel consumption.

After generating as much power as needed the remaining gas is used to

provide thermal energy to TMKPL. TML is also monitoring energy
consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.

Through all these initiatives, TML has clearly expressed its commitment to
the Earth. Companies deserve commendation for economic development
that is compatible with environmental protection.

3) HERO MOTOCORP
Hero MotoCorp Ltd. (Formerly Hero Honda Motors Ltd.) is the world's
largest manufacturer of two - wheelers, based in India. In 2001, the
company achieved the coveted position of being the largest two-wheeler
manufacturing company in India and also, the 'World No.1' two-wheeler
company in terms of unit volume sales in a calendar year. Hero MotoCorp
Ltd. continues to maintain this position till date. The story of Hero Honda
began with a simple vision - the vision of a mobile and an empowered
India, powered by its two wheelers. Hero MotoCorp Ltd., company's new
identity, reflects its commitment towards providing world class mobility
solutions with renewed focus on expanding company's footprint in the
global arena. The Company believes in sound and sustainable
environmental practices. Since its inception, four-stroke motorcycles have
been introduced in the era of popularity of two-stroke two-wheelers to
care for the environment. In this endeavor, they have long been the
blessing and guidance of honorary Chairman, Dr. Brijmohan Lal, who must
repay their wealth-creating society. As a leader in the automotive
industry, they fully recognize their sense of responsibility for a rapidly
changing industry environment and their role in sustainable development.
Heroes MotoCorp has introduced green initiatives in the organization of
product development, manufacturing, supply chain and all functions.
Heroes, they have taken some measures to reduce carbon, water and
waste emissions. Following measures have been taken by the company as
part of its green supply chain:

Green Building

Their latest plant was developed on the green building concept, Neemrana
Manufacturing Plant, GPC, HGCIT Facilities in Jaipur, and LEED IGBC
Certification, all of which are Hero's unique garden plants. From efficient
building envelopes to bigmouth treatment systems to water and energy
optimization - the Garden Plant shows HMCL's environmental appeal.

Green roof

Putting all the factories together, it includes 1,165,000 square meters of

green roofs, the nearest 25,000 square meters. On the 2016-17 day in
Vadodara. The hero's green roof helps save energy by lowering the
temperature of the roof and the surrounding area. This also helps to
significantly reduce storm runoff and peak flow. Green roofs restore the
aesthetic and ecological value of open urban spaces. In addition, it
protects the
traditional roofing system by doubling the service life of the
waterproofing membrane below.

Green Bio walls and Green Houses

Their latest plantings are green houses with green roofs, and practical
farming with hydroponics techniques, which only require 2% water
compared to. By recycling carbon dioxide into the greenhouse, they
increase photosynthesis in plants. The green walls generate oxygen and
return to work.

Sewage Treatment Plant

Hero ensures that the effluent is treated to biological effectiveness. The

plant is designed to hold up to 6 hours of insulation and to ensure that the
sewage is 100% treated and recycled to the soft water used in the cooling
tower.

Zero Liquid Discharge Plant

To prevent water pollution, Hero also invested in a wastewater treatment

plant that can process wastewater containing degreasing chemicals, acid /
alkaline, electroplating waste, heavy metals and waste oil. Wastewater can
be reused during normal activities or recycled back to the process with
reverse osmosis and multi-effect evaporators, reducing the freshwater
footprint. They use 90% of their wastewater to recycle to the process
using a zero liquid discharge platform. The balance of 10% is being re-
used for gardening activities.
Rain Water Harvesting

All the factories are equipped with an efficient rainwater harvesting

system that captures stormwater runoff and recharges aquifers, raising
groundwater levels with a total catchment potential of 250,000 cubic
meters, far exceeding annual water requirements. Rainwater harvesting
programs extend to surrounding communities and villages with the aim of
controlling stormwater runoff and maintaining groundwater tables,
thereby improving water safety and reducing flooding / flooding.

Waste Food Recycling

Hero uses their organic waste converters to ensure sanitary treatment of
municipal waste, which in turn generates manure. This waste is treated
for 15 minutes and then homogenized and tasteless. In the next two
weeks it became compost and can eventually be used for greening and
greenery. Waste treatment helps prevent the generation of methane,
which generates 25 times more global warming potential than carbon
dioxide.

Paint Conservation

Hero MotoCorp makes every effort to prevent the release of airborne

pollutants while preventing water pollution. The company is gradually
adopting water-based coating system and advanced robotic coating
system to improve the paint transfer efficiency. Their latest Vadodara
plant uses the concept of a regenerative thermal oxidizer (RTO) to
provide VOC-unique control in a paint shop to handle VOCs before being
discharged into the environment.
Energy Conservation

In 2016-17, the company took various measures to conserve energy and

reduce carbon emissions

• The company aggressively expanded its plan to renew its energy base
with a total capacity of 5.6 megawatts of solar photovoltaic power
generation. In 2016-2017 itself, they added 3.0 megawatts of solar power,
of which the roof of the Vadodara plant generates 2.0 megawatts of power
and a 1 megawatt solar power plant at Haridwar plant. This will have a
positive impact on carbon dioxide emissions.

• All of our newest plants have 100% LED lights installed, and 40% of the
traditional lights in the existing plant have been changed to LEDs.

• Enclosed cooling towers at Dharuhera plant have an efficient cooling

system that reduces energy consumption by 36%, regardless of
environmental conditions. Save 1.17 LAT KWH / year

• The Dharuhera plant is equipped with a small-capacity centrifugal

compressor to replace the screw compressor and save 33% of energy
(saving 5 kWh annually).

• Energy Saving at Gurgaon Plant Increased VAM by 150 TR, replacing AC

with five-star and VFD by adding LED lights, occupancy sensors in toilet,
trip circuit of ideal treadmill.
• Reduced power consumption through RTCs in the canteen and
management block VRV control and installed air-saving systems in the
Plant Utility system at the Neemrana plant, saving 16.4LK KWH

Green Vendor Development Programme

• Hero MotoCorp's actions to protect and protect the environment Rapid

industrialization and advanced technological change have led to rapid
economic growth in India. However, such developments have posed
unprecedented challenges to humankind in terms of climate and
environmental degradation. Therefore, people and governments of all
countries have come forward to deal with environmental threats. Many
opportunities have also been explored to solve environmental problems
and create a sustainable environmental future for all.

• Motocorp MotoCorp is constantly pursuing the synergies between

technology, systems and human resources, delivering products and
services that meet the wishes of their valued customers and
demonstrating their "WE CARE" philosophy. In doing so, they maintain
the highest standards of ethics and social responsibility, innovate
products and processes, and collaborate with suppliers to bring new and
significant organizational accomplishments to the table. They think their
suppliers and distributors are key stakeholders and partners to achieve
the goal of sustainable development.

• Green Supplier Development Plan refers to the way organizations can

consider innovating industrial supply chain management in an
environmentally context. Organizations that are pro-active not only need
to be identified, but also to implement actions in their processes /
operations to address environmental issues.

• The Green Supplier Development Program (GVDP) encourages a

collaborative effort between hero MotoCorp and its suppliers to achieve
MotoGH's overall corporate environmental goals. GVDP called on partner
companies to demonstrate their commitment to improving environmental
performance and continuous improvement.

• The six pillars of the GVDP model are energy management, water
resource management, waste minimization, pollution prevention,
hazardous chemical substitution and environmental compliance
management. Partner vendors have conducted specific training on the
six pillars of GVDP and charted processes. equipment based on logical
analysis to identify gaps or significant environmental factors to improve
project implementation. This procedure applies to the PDCA method.

• HMCL is also committed to providing suppliers with a platform to share

environmental achievements and issues they encountered during the
implementation of green supplier programs. The purpose of this meeting
is to share success stories in environmental improvement that can be
replicated in other vendor's facilities. This platform has laid the
foundation for a mutually beneficial ecological future.

• They understand that environmental protection is their responsibility to

future generations and therefore ensure that environmental protection is
of the utmost importance in providing our customers with the highest
quality products and services. They will continue to take the initiative to
protect the environment and put all their business decisions on the basis
of environmental considerations.

Hero MotoCorp Green Supplier Development Program is a supply chain

initiative that extends corporate environmental responsibility into the
supply chain. This is based on a one-to-many mentoring program. With
the addition of Hero's MotoCorp production equipment, manufacturers'
manufacturing activities have increased in the same proportion, resulting
in environmental impact.

In order to improve the environmental performance of suppliers

MotoCorp has developed this exclusive supplier development plan, which
is a collaborative effort between the heroic MotoCorp environmental
group and the materials department to influence suppliers' adoption of
pre-specified environmental requirements and commitment to
environmental initiatives.

4) Ashok Leyland
Ashok Leyland is an Indian carmaker headquartered in Chennai, India. It
is owned by the Hinduja Group. For decades, its focus has been on fuel
efficiency and emissions. In 1987, legislation was passed to limit vehicle
emissions and its vehicle was ready to meet. In 1992, it introduced
stricter gas emission standards and provided environmentally friendly
engine technologies due to timely technical cooperation. In 1996, they
reached the norms when the allowable emissions of gaseous emissions
were tightened.

India's first CNG power bus was launched in Mumbai in 1997. Today,
there are more than 6,500 CNG buses on the roads in Delhi, Ahmedabad,
Vijayawada and Mumbai.

India's first hybrid electric vehicle debuted in 2002, marking another

alternative car technology.

The first hybrid plug-in bus using CNG and electricity in India was
launched in 2010 and is in service during the Commonwealth Games in
New Delhi.

The country's first Hythane engine was developed in 2009. 20% of the
hydrogen added to the CNG makes the engine more fuel-efficient and has
emits less than conventional CNG engines.

It’s also the first company in India to develop a common rail engine for
commercial vehicles.

 Process:

The company attaches great importance to the protection of the

environment and it goes beyond legal requirements by incorporating
sound environmental practices into the business decisions and processes.
The continuous review of the process has led to changes and substitutions
in environmentally friendly products.

India's first ISO 14001 certified commercial vehicle manufacturer -

reflects the commitment of all of the manufacturing units to follow the
environmental management system. The first is zero-water balance: -
through various water-saving methods, including rainwater harvesting,
recycling and sewage treatment. Waste treatment: Waste treatment to
produce usable by-products and safe disposal of unused waste are the
twin goals of the wastewater treatment plant. All units, including
Ennore, recover
1.28 million litters of water per day from the wastewater.

More examples of process changes:

Shot blasting to sand blasting to steel shots: Surface cleaning at Ennore

Rough materials and heat treatment scale, eliminating the possibility of
silicosis. The blasting dust from the machine is collected by a heavy dust
collector and enters the manufacturing chimney.

Paint particles containment: In the modern paint shop in Hosur II, the
paint particles in the paint booth are immediately collected by the
scrubber to avoid exposure and adverse reactions. Direct Induction
Quenching to eliminate pre-carburized camshaft copper plating.

Increase green belt: More than 250,000 trees have been planted and the
company's various plants have more than 162,000 meters of grassland.

 Wind energy:
As early as 1995, they got involved in the development of wind power
with 11 wind turbines (2.55 MW). Currently, with a continuous increase
in production capacity, wind power installed capacity is 63.175 MW and
wind power installed capacity ranges from 225 kW to 1250 kW, with a
total of 240 wind turbines. The wind farm is located in Tamil Nadu.
Generating 100 million cubic meters of wind energy each year, the entire
energy is spent on Hinduja Foundries and their natural consumption.
More than 60% of the electricity demand is satisfied by wind energy.

Independent companies have been formed in the name of Ashok Leyland

Wind Energy Co. to release the value of the wind energy business. The
company focused on wind farm development, operation and maintenance,
with dedicated and experienced staff.

5) Eicher Motor

VE Commercial Vehicles Ltd

Touted to be the first platinum-rated Green Factory Building in Madhya

Pradesh and the first bus plant to have a Green Building certification in
the country, it is surrounded by greenery. The plant is said to be near
waterless set up by the company. A joint venture between Volvo Group
(Volvo) and Eicher Automotive Ltd. (EML), the plant's design concept is
"zero" emissions. The factory also took another measure that could easily
become the first in the industry - zero water discharge.

Waterless processes

Their paint shop is completely waterless. Water is only used in the air
supply unit and for human intake throughout the factory. The discharge
from this operation is treated and 69 per cent of it is used for gardening
(in their landscaped areas) and 31 per cent for flushing the toilets in the
building. The plant has a 32 per cent green zone that nurtures a majority
of drought plant species that need negligible water.

No hammer sounds

Their auto parts are made to such size perfection that they interlock into
each other, thereby drastically decreasing the sound of the hammer.
Quality evaluation is done on the spot and all material sourced locally
comes on trolleys to eliminate the use of packing material.

Energy Conservation

The plant packs a punch when it comes to energy saving with an energy
efficient building envelope, sky-lighting for enclosed areas and separate
metering devices for all process and non-process loads. It’s HVAC
(heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems are CFC free, while
renewable energy accounts for 28 per cent of the total energy use for
which solar PV panels of 24 kWp are set up, that generate hundred units
of power every day.

Bit by bit, daylight harvesting has been done across the interiors of the
plant, which has led to a dramatic cut in energy use and carbon dioxide
emissions. Rain water harvesting is done in the outdoor areas to enhance
the water table.

Clean-up Act in Pithampur

To initiate the clean-up act, the Eicher Truck and Bus unit (ETB)
embraced the GRIA principle that stands for Go to basics; Reduce waste;
Improve efficiency; and Alternate technology. For a start, the 340,000 sq
metre factory shifted its energy source to renewable. Tapping local
sources, 49 per cent of its energy comes from solar and a mini hydel
power plant.

ETB has also shifted to solar-thermal hybrid air conditioners for office air
conditioning, which allows for more efficiency and reduction in energy
use. To create a congenial atmosphere in the shop floor, eco-friendly
evaporative coolers have been put in place that lowers the temperature in
the workspace by almost 7 to 9 degrees centigrade.

At the paint shop they have installed a heat recovery system through
which they recover heat from the exhaust, thereby conserving the LNG
used for the heating application.

Recycling waste

To tackle waste several measures have been introduced. For instance, the
thinner that is used for painting applications in the plant is recycled and
reused for degreasing and washing solvents. Waste from the workers
canteens and garden trimmings are run through an organic waste
converter to be turned into manure.

Hazardous waste disposal

All hazardous wastes generated in the process are disposed
only through government registered recyclers and re-processors that are
certified to dispose responsibly.

CONCLUSION

Many organizations have been adopting GSCM today. There are various
benefits of switching to green supply chain management. They include:
  Competitive advantage to attract new customers.
 Increased utilization of resources.
 Reduced production costs leading to improved financial performance.
 Improved efficiency.
 Reduced risk since any hazardous substance is avoided.
 Overall customer delight through highly improved quality.

Of course, a lot of challenges wait on the way while trying to implement

green supply chain management. One of the major issues that companies
come across is the unpredictability of the market scenario. Going green
doesn’t always guarantee greater profits. Managers are often concerned
that implementing these practices can be way more costly than the
practices prevailing in market. Stakeholders are concerned about profits
more than anything else. However, there are many government initiatives
all around the globe which promote green practices by giving exemptions
in taxes to the ones who are implementing these practices. Also, when the
target is to deliver to the customers what and when they need by paying
as less as possible, bringing in expensive practices doesn’t always go
down with the management. However, in industries like shipping, cost
reduction is synonymous to reduction in consumption of fuels and using
better and cheaper lights instead of old lightbulbs. This automatically
makes the industry more eco-friendly whenever it tends to reduce costs.

Hence, we can say that GSCM practices bring along with it a lot of benefits
and a few challenges as well. However, if a well-designed and well-
thought plan is used to implement these practices in the industry along
with the wise advices from the experts, the outcome can be very fruitful to
the company and the environment at the same time. Since many
customers and governments have been appreciating and rewarding these
practices, using GSCM ends up with not only giving the brand a better
picture in the society but also various benefits as a token of appreciation
from the government. Also, taking care of the environment is the only way
that we can sustain and last long in the industry on the whole.