Caring for the Hospitalized Child A Handbook of Inpatient

Pediatrics 2nd Edition

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 IV Caring for the Hospitalized Child

Moises Auron, MD, FACP, SFHM, FAAP Julia Beauchamp-Walters, MD, FAAP
Associate Professor of Medicine and Clinical Professors of Pediatrics
Pediatrics University of California San Diego
Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine
Medicine Rady Children’s Hospital
Case Western Reserve University San Diego, CA
Staff, Department of Hospital Medicine Ch 42: Genetics
and Pediatric Hospital Medicine Sheldon Berkowitz, MD, FAAP
Cleveland Clinic Pediatrician and Physician Advisor
Cleveland, OH Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of
Ch 76: Nephrotic Syndrome Minnesota
Khyzer Aziz, MD Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Pediatric Chief Resident University of Minnesota
Lewis M. Fraad Department of Pediatrics Minneapolis, MN
Albert Einstein College of Medicine Ch 34: Do Not Resuscitate/Do Not
Bronx, NY Intubate
Ch 96: Fractures Ch 35: Informed Consent, Assent, and
Gabriella C. Azzarone, MD Confidentiality
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Ch 57: Microeconomics
Contributors/Reviewers

Albert Einstein College of Medicine Laurie Bernard Stover, MD, FAAP

Attending Physician, Pediatric Hospital Clinical Professor of Pediatrics
Medicine University of California, San Diego
Children’s Hospital at Montefiore Division of Hospital Medicine and
Bronx, NY Pediatrics
Ch 73: Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Rady Children’s Hospital
Ara Balkian, MD, MBA, FAAP San Diego, CA
Chief Medical Director, Inpatient Ch 11: Erythema Multiforme and Stevens-
Operations Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal
Children’s Hospital Los Angeles Necrolysis
Associate Professor of Pediatrics Eric A. Biondi, MD, MS, FAAP
Keck School of Medicine at the University Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
of Southern California Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine
Los Angeles, CA University of Rochester Medical Center
Ch 38: Gastrointestinal Bleeding Rochester, NY
Meital Barzideh, MD Ch 64: Fever in Infants Younger Than
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics 60 Days
Associate Program Director, Department J. Auxford Burks, MD, FAAP
of Pediatrics Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Jacobi Medical Center Director, Residency Training Program
Albert Einstein College of Medicine The Lewis M. Fraad Department of
Bronx, NY Pediatrics
Ch 72: Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine
Bronx, NY
Ch 18: Orbital and Periorbital Cellulitis
Ch 88: Fluids and Electrolytes

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 V

Genevieve Buser, MDCM, MSHP, FAAP Julie Cernanec, MD, FAAP

Pediatric Infectious Diseases Staff Physician, Pediatric Hospital Medicine
Providence St Vincent Medical Center Cleveland Clinic Children’s
Portland, OR Cleveland, OH
Ch 97: Osteomyelitis Ch 75: Nephrolithiasis
Ch 98: Septic Arthritis Lindsay Chase, MD, FAAP
Brendan T. Campbell, MD, MPH, FAAP Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Donald W. Hight Endowed Chair in Director of the Section of Hospital
Pediatric Surgery Pediatrics
Associate Professor of Surgery and Division of General Pediatrics and
Pediatrics Adolescent Medicine
Connecticut Children’s Medical Center University of North Carolina
University of Connecticut School of Chapel Hill, NC
Medicine Ch 13: Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections
Hartford, CT Ch 17: Neck Masses
Ch 45: Ovarian Torsion Ch 19: Parotitis
Douglas W. Carlson, MD, FAAP Ch 91: Acute Vision Loss
Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency Ch 95: White Eye (Leukocoria)
Medicine Daxa P. Clarke, MD, FAAP

Contributors/Reviewers
Chair, Department of Pediatrics Program Director, Pediatric Hospitalist
Southern Illinois University School of Fellowship
Medicine Medical Director, Coding and
Medical Director Documentation and Utilization
St John’s Children’s Hospital Management
Springfield, IL Phoenix Children’s Hospital
Ch 30: Noninvasive Monitoring Phoenix, AZ
Ch 116: Sedation Ch 61: Transition to Adult Care
Scott Carney, MD, FAAP Daniel T. Coghlin, MD, FAAP
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Clinical
Director, Pediatric Hospitalists Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine
Medical Director, COMPASS The Warren Alpert Medical School of
Assistant Program Director Brown University
University of South Carolina School of Providence, RI
Medicine Ch 78: Urinary Tract Infection
Palmetto Health Richland Pediatric Eyal Cohen, MD, MSc, FRCP(C)
Residency Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Columbia, SC The Hospital for Sick Children
Ch 66: Fever of Unknown Origin University of Toronto
Jennifer Casatelli, MD, FAAP Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Pediatric Hospitalist Ch 87: Feeding Tubes and Enteral
University of South Florida Nutrition
Tampa, FL
Ch 71: Acute Liver Failure

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 VI Caring for the Hospitalized Child

Laurie S. Conklin, MD Lindsey C. Douglas, MD, MS, FAAP

Children’s National Health System Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Division of Hospital Medicine
The George Washington University School The Children’s Hospital at Montefiore
of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Washington, DC Bronx, NY
Ch 39: Inflammatory Bowel Disease Ch 7: Endocarditis
Yong-Sing Da Silva, MD Carla Falco, MD, FAAP
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
New York Medical College Baylor College of Medicine
Valhalla, NY Texas Children’s Hospital
Ch 85: Seizures Houston, TX
Sharon Dabrow, MD, FAAP Ch 54: Family-Centered Rounds
Professor of Pediatrics Ch 102: Child Abuse and Neglect
Program Director, Residency Program Ch 103: Sexual Abuse
University of South Florida Bryan R. Fine, MD, MPH, FAAP
Tampa, FL Chief, Division of Pediatric Hospital
Ch 119: Pyloric Stenosis Medicine
Elizabeth N. Davis, MD, FAAP Children’s Hospital of the King’s Daughter
Contributors/Reviewers

Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Associate Professor of Pediatrics

Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine Eastern Virginia Medical School
Associate Director, Pediatric Hospital Norfolk, VA
Medicine Fellowship Ch 56: Macroeconomics
Baylor College of Medicine Ch 62: Transport
The Children’s Hospital of San Antonio Ch 87: Feeding Tubes and Enteral
San Antonio, TX Nutrition
Ch 37: Gastroenteritis Darren Fiore, MD, FAAP
Paola Dees, MD, FAAP Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Pediatric Hospitalist Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine
Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital University of California San Francisco
St Petersburg, FL San Francisco, CA
Ch 119: Pyloric Stenosis Ch 112: Foreign-Body Aspiration

Marcella Donaruma-Kwoh, MD, FAAP Brock Fisher, MD

Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Department of Critical Care and
Director, Child Abuse Fellowship Program Anesthesia
Section of Public Health Pediatrics Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego
Baylor College of Medicine San Diego, CA
Texas Children’s Hospital Ch 106: Airway Management and
Houston, TX Respiratory Support
Ch 102: Child Abuse and Neglect
Ch 103: Sexual Abuse

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 VII

Erin Ragan-Stucky Fisher, MD, MHM, Jennifer Fuchs, MD, FAAP

FAAP Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Division Director and Fellowship Director, Section of Hospital Medicine
Pediatric Hospital Medicine Program University of Texas Southwestern
Medical Director Quality Management Dallas Children’s Hospital
Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego Dallas, TX
Professor of Clinical Pediatrics Ch 114: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Department of Pediatrics Sandra Gage, MD, PhD, FAAP, SFHM
University of California San Diego Associate Professor of Pediatrics
San Diego, CA Division of Hospital Medicine
Ch 59: Patient Safety Medical College of Wisconsin
Ch 68: Sepsis Milwaukee, WI
Ch 106: Airway Management and Ch 79: Acute Ataxia
Respiratory Support
Matthew Garber, MD, FAAP
Dana Foradori, MD, FAAP Professor of Pediatrics
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Division of Hospital Medicine
Section of Pediatric Hospital Medicine Woldson Children’s Hospital
Baylor College of Medicine University of Florida College of
Texas Children’s Hospital Medicine—Jacksonville

Contributors/Reviewers
Houston, TX Jacksonville, FL
Ch 113: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Ch 66: Fever of Unknown Origin
Jason L. Freedman, MD, MSCE Brian Gin, MD, PhD
Inpatient Medical Director, Oncology/BMT Assistant Clinical Professor of Pediatrics
Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics, Division of
Division of Oncology Hospital Medicine
The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia University of California, San Francisco
Department of Pediatrics San Francisco, CA
Perelman School of Medicine Ch 112: Foreign-Body Aspiration
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA Laurie Gordon, MD, MA, FAAP
Ch 48: Complications of Cancer Therapy Associate Clinical Professor of Pediatrics
Weill Cornell Medical College, New York,
Jason A. French, MD, FAAP NY
Senior Instructor Director, Pediatric Inpatient Unit, Queens,
Section of Pediatric Hospital Medicine NY
Department of Pediatrics Site Director, Pediatric Resident Training
University of Colorado School of Medicine New York Presbyterian/Queens, Flushing,
Children’s Hospital Colorado NY
Aurora, CO Ch 12: Rashes Associated With Serious
Ch 84: Headache Underlying Disease
Blake Froberg, MD Elizabeth Halvorson, MD, FAAP
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics and Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Emergency Medicine Wake Forest School of Medicine
Indiana University School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC
Indianapolis, IN Ch 117: Abdominal Masses
Ch 70: Toxic Exposures

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 VIII Caring for the Hospitalized Child

Daniel Hershey, MD, SFHM, FAAP Brent D. Kaziny, MD, MA, FAAP
Associate Professor of Pediatrics Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
University of California, San Diego Section of Emergency Medicine
Rady Children’s Hospital Department of Pediatrics
San Diego, CA Baylor College of Medicine
Ch 118: Acute Abdomen Texas Children’s Hospital
Samantha House, DO, MPH, FAAP Houston, TX
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Ch 53: Disaster Preparedness
Children’s Hospital at Dartmouth Caryn Kerman, MD
Lebanon, NH Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Ch 109: Bronchiolitis Perelman School of Medicine, University
Maria Z. Huang, MD, FAAP of Pennsylvania
Fellow, Pediatric Hospital Medicine Division of General Pediatrics
University of California San Diego Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego Philadelphia, PA
San Diego, CA Ch 48: Complications of Cancer Therapy
Ch 42: Genetics Sangeeta Krishna, MD, FAAP
Rebecca Ivancie, MD, FAAP Adviser, Peru Health Outreach Project
Clinical Instructor of Pediatrics Co-Director, Pediatrics Clerkship
Contributors/Reviewers

Stanford University School of Medicine Fellowship Director, Pediatric Hospital

Division of Hospital Medicine Medicine
Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Cleveland Clinic
Stanford, CA Cleveland, OH
Ch 68: Sepsis Ch 23: Acute Adrenal Insufficiency
Ch 26: Hyperthyroidism
Stephanie Jennings, MD, FAAP Ch 65: Fever in the International Traveler
Regional Director
Department of Pediatric Hospital Medicine Deepa Kulkarni, MD, FAAP
Cleveland Clinic Assistant Clinical Professor of Pediatrics
Cleveland, OH David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Ch 2: Anaphylaxis Mattel Children’s Hospital at UCLA
Ch 14: Cervical Lymphadenopathy Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine
Ch 16: Mastoiditis Los Angeles, CA
Ch 18: Orbital and Periorbital Cellulitis Ch 49: Neutropenia
Ch 22: Sinusitis Jacquelyn Kuzminski, MD, FAAP
Valerie Jurgens, MD, FAAP Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Section of Hospital Medicine
University of Texas at Austin Medical College of Wisconsin
Dell Medical School Milwaukee, WI
Austin, TX Ch 47: Anemia
Ch 37: Gastroenteritis Kyle A. Lamphier, MD
Daran Kaufman, MD, FAAP Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics
Assistant Professor, Department of Division of Hospital Medicine
Pediatrics Children’s Hospital Los Angeles
Albert Einstein College of Medicine University of Southern California Keck
Bronx, NY School of Medicine
Ch 115: Pain Management Los Angeles, CA
Ch 38: Gastrointestinal Bleeding

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 IX

Vivian Lee, MD, FAAP Michelle A. Lopez, MD, MPH, FAAP

Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
University of Southern California Keck Section of Hospital Medicine
School of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine
Division of Hospital Medicine Texas Children’s Hospital
Children’s Hospital Los Angeles Houston, TX
Los Angeles, CA Ch 13: Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections
Ch 77: Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis Ch 52: Cultural Effectiveness
Carly Levy, MD, FAAP Cara G. Lye, MD, FAAP
Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine
Division of Palliative Medicine Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine
Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Houston, TX
Thomas Jefferson University Ch 19: Parotitis
Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Tamara Maginot, PhD
Children University of California, San Diego
Wilmington, DE UCSD Eating Disorders Treatment and
Ch 64: Fever in Infants Younger Than Research Center
60 Days Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego
Jonathan Lewis, MD, FAAP San Diego, CA

Contributors/Reviewers
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Ch 101: Suicide
Baylor College of Medicine Sanjay Mahant, MD, FRCPC, MSc
Section of Emergency Medicine Associate Professor
Texas Children’s Hospital Department of Pediatrics
Houston, TX University of Toronto
Ch 10: Shock Hospital for Sick Children
Jamie Librizzi, MD, MSHS, FAAP Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Ch 87: Feeding Tubes and Enteral
Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine Nutrition
Phoenix Children’s Hospital Kiranvir Mangat, MD, FAAP
Phoenix, AZ Pediatric Hospitalist
Ch 1: Eating Disorders Phoenix Children’s Hospital
Sheila K. Liewehr, MD, FAAP Phoenix, AZ
Pediatric Hospitalist Attending Ch 1: Eating Disorders
Cohen Children’s Northwell Health Jennifer Maniscalco, MD, MPH, FAAP
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Vice Chair, Education, Department of
Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine Pediatrics
New Hyde Park, NY Associate Professor of Clinical Pediatrics
Ch 73: Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome USC Keck School of Medicine
Huay-ying Lo, MD, FAAP Director, Pediatric Hospital Medicine
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Fellowship
Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine Children’s Hospital Los Angeles
Baylor College of Medicine Los Angeles, CA
Houston, TX Ch 77: Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis
Ch 41: Pancreatitis

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 X Caring for the Hospitalized Child

Kristie Manning, MD, FAAP Scott Miller, MD

Pediatric Hospitalist Co-Director of Inpatient Pediatrics
Kaiser Santa Clara Medical Center Jacobi Medical Center
Santa Clara, CA Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Ch 62: Transport Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Rachel Marek, MD, FAAP Bronx, NY
Medical Director, Pediatric Hospital Ch 67: Kawasaki Disease
Medicine Ch 100: Depression
Texas Children’s Hospital Woodlands Brent Mothner, MD, FAAP
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Baylor College of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine
The Woodlands, TX Houston, TX
Ch 53: Disaster Preparedness Ch 41: Pancreatitis
Michelle Marks, DO, FAAP, SFHM Meaghan Mungekar, MD, FAAP
Chair, Department of Pediatric Hospital Assistant Clinical Professor of Pediatrics
Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Medical Director, Inpatient Pediatrics New York, NY
Cleveland Clinic Children’s Ch 82: Altered Mental Status
Cleveland, OH Steve Narang, MD, MHCM
Contributors/Reviewers

Ch 111: Complications of Cystic Fibrosis CEO, Banner-University Medical Center

Erich Maul, DO, MPH, FAAP Phoenix Banner Health
Associate Professor of Pediatrics Phoenix, AZ
Division of Hospital Pediatrics Ch 60: Quality Improvement
University of Kentucky Sridaran Narayanan, MD, FAAP
Lexington, KY Director, Hospital Medicine Fellowship
Ch 3: Arrhythmias Assistant Professor, Department of
Ch 6: Electrocardiogram Interpretation Pediatrics
Sonaly Rao McClymont, MD, FAAP Division of Hospital Medicine
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics University of Alabama at Birmingham
Hospital Medicine Division, Children’s Birmingham, AL
National Health System Ch 43: Inborn Errors of Metabolism
The George Washington University School Joanne M. Nazif, MD, FAAP
of Medicine Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Washington, DC Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Ch 4: Congestive Heart Failure Attending Physician, Pediatric Hospital
Jerry McLaughlin, MD Medicine
Clinical Assistant Professor Children’s Hospital at Montefiore
Pediatrics—Critical Care Bronx, NY
Stanford University Ch 8: Myocarditis
Palo Alto, CA Ch 9: Pericarditis
Ch 105: Acute Respiratory Failure

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 XI

Jennifer A. Nead, MD, FAAP Philip Overby, MD, MA

Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Director, Inpatient Neurology
Division of Pediatric Inpatient Medicine Maria Fareri Children’s Hospital
SUNY Upstate Medical University Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Upstate Golisano Children’s Hospital Division of Pediatric Neurology
Syracuse, NY New York Medical College
Ch 15: Infectious Croup Valhalla, NY
Ch 17: Neck Masses Ch 80: Acute Hemiparesis
Roger Nicome, MD, FAAP Ch 85: Seizures
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Nancy Palumbo, MD, FAAP
Section of Pediatric Hospital Medicine Division Director, Pediatric Hospital
Baylor College of Medicine Medicine
Texas Children’s Hospital Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine
Houston, TX New Hyde Park, NY
Ch 24: Diabetes Insipidus Ch 31: Suprapubic Bladder Aspiration
Ch 25: Diabetic Ketoacidosis Ch 33: Urinary Bladder Catheterization
Katherine M. O’Connor, MD Rita M. Pappas, MD, FHM, FAAP
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Staff, Pediatric Hospital Medicine
Associate Division Director, Pediatric Cleveland Clinic Children’s

Contributors/Reviewers
Hospital Medicine Cleveland, OH
Albert Einstein College of Medicine Ch 107: Bacterial Tracheitis
The Children’s Hospital at Montefiore Binita Patel, MD, FAAP
Bronx, NY Associate Professor, Pediatrics
Ch 36: Gallbladder Disease Section of Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Ololade Okito, MD, FAAP Baylor College of Medicine
Chief Resident, Department of Pediatrics Texas Children’s Hospital
Jacobi Medical Center Houston, TX
Albert Einstein College of Medicine Ch 10: Shock
Bronx, NY Lina Patel, MD, FAAP
Ch 22: Sinusitis Fellow, Pediatric Hospitalist Medicine
Snezana Nena Osorio, MD, MS Mattel Children’s Hospital at UCLA
Associate Professor of Clinical Pediatrics Los Angeles, CA
Director, Quality and Patient Safety Ch 49: Neutropenia
Chair, Quality and Patient Safety Jack M. Percelay, MD, MPH, FAAP, MHM
Weill Cornell Medicine Clinical Professor of Pediatrics
New York, NY Associate Division Chief, Hospital
Ch 44: Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding Medicine, Regional Program
Ch 46: Sexually Transmitted Infections Division of General Pediatrics and
Mary C. Ottolini, MD, MPH, FAAP Hospital Medicine
Professor of Pediatrics Seattle Children’s
George Washington University School Seattle, WA
of Medicine Ch 29: Lumbar Puncture
Vice Chair Medical Education
DIO Children’s National Medical Center
Washington, DC
Ch 37: Gastroenteritis

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 XII Caring for the Hospitalized Child

Katie Pestak, DO Shawn L. Ralston, MD, MS, FAAP

Staff, Pediatric Hospital Medicine Vice Chair for Clinical Affairs
Associate Program Director, Pediatric Children’s Hospital at Dartmouth
Residency Program Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Cleveland Clinic Children’s Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth
Cleveland, OH Lebanon, NH
Ch 94: Red Eye Ch 109: Bronchiolitis
Sarah M. Phillips, MS, RD David I. Rappaport, MD, FAAP
Clinical Instructor of Pediatrics Hospitalist and Associate Residency
Baylor College of Medicine Program Director
Texas Children’s Hospital Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for
Houston, TX Children
Ch 90: Parenteral Nutrition Wilmington, DE
Stacy B. Pierson, MD, FAAP Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Sidney Kimmel Medical College at
Baylor College of Medicine Thomas Jefferson University
Attending, Section of Pediatric Hospital Philadelphia, PA
Medicine Ch 51: Comanagement
Texas Children’s Hospital Kyung E. Rhee, MD, MSc, MA, FAAP
Contributors/Reviewers

Houston, TX Associate Professor of Pediatrics

Ch 74: Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Medical Director, Medical Behavioral Unit
Gregory Plemmons, MD Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego
Associate Professor Director of Research, Division of Hospital
Division of Hospital Medicine Medicine
Monroe Carell Jr Children’s Hospital University of California San Diego, School
Vanderbilt University Medical Center of Medicine
Nashville, TN San Diego, CA
Ch 89: Obesity Ch 101: Suicide

Kevin Powell, MD, PhD, FAAP Hai Jung Helen Rhim, MD, MPH
Saint Louis, MO Director, Pediatric Hospital Medicine
Ch 34: Do Not Resuscitate/Do Not Intubate Fellowship Program
Ch 35: Informed Consent, Assent, and Children’s Hospital at Montefiore
Confidentiality Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine
Ricardo Quinonez, MD, FAAP Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Associate Professor of Pediatrics Bronx, NY
Section Chief, Pediatric Hospital Medicine Ch 69: Esophageal Foreign Body
Baylor College of Medicine
Texas Children’s Hospital Jay Riva-Cambrin, MD, MSc, FRCS(C)
Houston, TX Associate Professor, Neurosurgery
Ch 110: Community-Acquired Pneumonia Department of Clinical Neurosciences
Department of Community Health
Prabi Rajbhandari, MD, FAAP University of Calgary
Department of Hospital Medicine Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Akron Children’s Hospital Ch 83: Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt
Akron, OH Complications
Ch 23: Acute Adrenal Insufficiency
Ch 27: Hypoglycemia

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 XIII

W. LeGrande Rives, MD Rebecca E. Rosenberg, MD, MPH, FAAP

Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Division of Pediatric Hospitalist Medicine NYU School of Medicine
Washington University School of Medicine Hassenfeld Children’s Hospital of New
St Louis, MO York at NYU Langone
Ch 30: Noninvasive Monitoring New York, NY
Kenneth Rivlin, MD, PhD Ch 51: Comanagement
Chief, Division of Pediatric Hematology/ Colleen Schelzig, MD, FAAP
Oncology Medical Director, Pediatric Hospital
Jacobi Medical Center Medicine
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Cleveland Clinic Children’s
Albert Einstein College of Medicine Cleveland, OH
Bronx, NY Ch 92: Ocular Trauma
Ch 50: Sickle Cell Disease Helen Maliagros Scott, MD
Mary E. M. Rocha, MD, MPH, FAAP Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Associate Professor of Pediatrics Northwell Health School of Medicine at
Section of Pediatric Hospital Medicine Hofstra University
Baylor College of Medicine Pediatric Hospitalist
Texas Children’s Hospital Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s

Contributors/Reviewers
Houston, TX Medical Center of New York
Ch 32: Tracheostomies New Hyde Park, NY
Ch 55: Leading a Team Ch 28: Intravenous Line Placement
Ch 113: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Anand Sekaran, MD, FAAP
Ch 114: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Camille Rodriguez, MD University of Connecticut School of
Pediatric Chief Resident Medicine
Lewis M. Fraad Department of Pediatrics Medical Director, Inpatient Services
Albert Einstein College of Medicine Connecticut Children’s Medical Center
Bronx, NY Hartford, CT
Ch 96: Fractures Ch 45: Ovarian Torsion
Daniel Rodriguez, MD Samir S. Shah, MD, MSCE
Fellow, Allergy Immunology Program Professor, Department of Pediatrics
Louisiana State University University of Cincinnati College of
New Orleans, LA Medicine
Ch 2: Anaphylaxis Director, Division of Hospital Medicine
Noé D. Romo, MD, MSc James M. Ewell Endowed Chair
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Attending Physician in Hospital Medicine
The Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Infectious Diseases
Co-Director, Pediatrics Inpatient Service Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical
NYC Health + Hospitals Jacobi—Lewis M. Center
Fraad Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati, OH
Bronx, NY Ch 97: Osteomyelitis
Ch 5: Deep Venous Thrombosis Ch 98: Septic Arthritis
Ch 50: Sickle Cell Disease

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 XIV Caring for the Hospitalized Child

Anjali Sharma, MD, FAAP Loretta Sonnier, MD, FAAP

Department of Pediatrics, Section of Assistant Professor
Hospital Medicine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Medical College of Wisconsin Sciences
Milwaukee, WI Tulane University
Ch 81: Acute Weakness New Orleans, LA
Jacqueline Shiels, PsyD Ch 99: Acute Agitation
Psychology Fellow Damani Taylor, MD, FAAP
University of San Diego Staff, Pediatric Pain & Palliative Care Team
San Diego, CA (PACT)
Ch 101: Suicide Department of Pediatrics
Alyssa Silver, MD, FAAP Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics New York, NY
Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine Ch 58: Palliative Care
Children’s Hospital at Montefiore Joel S. Tieder, MD, MPH
Albert Einstein College of Medicine Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Bronx, NY Division of Hospital Medicine and.
Ch 8: Myocarditis General Pediatrics
Ch 9: Pericarditis Seattle Children’s Hospital
Contributors/Reviewers

Tamara D. Simon, MD, MSPH, FAAP University of Washington School

Associate Professor of Pediatrics of Medicine
Divisions of Hospital Medicine and Seattle, WA
General Pediatrics Ch 108: Brief, Resolved, Unexplained
Department of Pediatrics Events (Formerly Apparent Life-
University of Washington and Seattle Threatening Events)
Children’s Hospital Jayne S. Truckenbrod, DO, FAAP
Associate Program Director, Quality of Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Care Research Fellow Dell Medical School at the University
Center for Clinical and Translational of Texas
Research, Seattle Children’s Austin, TX
Research Institute Ch 4: Congestive Heart Failure
Seattle, WA Joyee Goswami Vachani, MD, MEd
Ch 83: Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Complications Section of Pediatric Hospital Medicine
Geeta Singhal, MD, MEd, FAAP Baylor College of Medicine
Associate Professor of Pediatrics Texas Children’s Hospital
Section of Pediatric Hospital Medicine Houston, TX
Baylor College of Medicine Ch 86: Failure to Thrive
Houston, TX Wendy Van Ittersum, MD, FAAP
Ch 54: Family-Centered Rounds Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, College
Jasmine Smith, MD, MBA, FAAP of Medicine
Clinical Assistant Professor Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine
Department of Child Health Northeast Ohio Medical University
University of Arizona College of Medicine Akron, OH
Phoenix Children’s Hospital Ch 40: Meckel Diverticulum
Phoenix, AZ
Ch 61: Transition to Adult Care

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 XV

Sindy Villacres, DO, FAAP Eric Zwemer, MD

Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Attending Physician, Division of Pediatric University of North Carolina Children’s
Critical Care Medicine Hospital
Jacobi Medical Center—Albert Einstein Chapel Hill, NC
College of Medicine Ch 91: Acute Vision Loss
Bronx, NY Ch 95: White Eye (Leukocoria)
Ch 115: Pain Management
American Academy of Pediatrics
Colleen M. Wallace, MD, FAAP
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Reviewers
Division of Hospital Medicine Board of Directors Reviewer
Co-Director, Pediatrics Clerkship Warren M. Seigel, MD, MBA, FAAP
Director, Program for Humanities in
Medicine Committees, Councils, and Sections
Washington University School of Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline Subcommittee
St Louis, MO on Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy
Ch 116: Sedation in Children
Clinical Practice Guideline Subcommittee
Susan C. Walley, MD, CTTS, FAAP
on Urinary Tract Infections
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Committee on Adolescence

Contributors/Reviewers
Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine
Committee on Bioethics
University of Alabama at Birmingham/
Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect
Children’s of Alabama
Committee on Child Health Financing
Birmingham, AL
Committee on Drugs
Ch 104: Acute Asthma Exacerbation
Committee on Medical Liability and
Stephen E. Whitney, MD, MBA, FAAP Risk Management
Director, MD, MBA Dual Degree Program Committee on Native American Child
Baylor College of Medicine Health
Texas Children’s Hospital Committee on Nutrition
Houston, TX Committee on Pediatric Emergency
Ch 55: Leading a Team Medicine
Arnaldo Zayas-Santiago, MD, FAAP Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of
Associate Staff Child and Family Health
Department of Pediatric Hospital Council on Children With Disabilities
Medicine Council on Genetics
Cleveland Clinic Council on Injury, Violence, and Poison
Cleveland, OH Prevention
Ch 93: Ophthalmoplegia Council on Quality Improvement and
Derek Zhorne, MD Patient Safety
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Medical Home Implementation Program
Division of General Pediatrics and Advisory Committee
Adolescent Medicine Section on Adolescent Health
University of Iowa Section on Bioethics
Iowa City, IA Section on Breastfeeding
Ch 20: Peritonsillar Abscess Section on Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery
Ch 21: Retropharyngeal Abscess Section on Clinical Pharmacology and
Therapeutics
Section on Critical Care

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 XVI Caring for the Hospitalized Child

Section on Developmental and Section on Infectious Diseases

Behavioral Pediatrics Section on Nephrology
Section on Early Career Physicians Section on Ophthalmology
Section on Emergency Medicine Section on Otolaryngology/Head and
Section on Endocrinology Neck Surgery
Section on Epidemiology, Public Health, Section on Pediatric Pulmonology and
and Evidence Sleep Medicine
Section on Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Section on Pediatric Trainees
and Nutrition Section on Surgery
Section on Hematology/Oncology Section on Tobacco Control
Section on Home Care Section on Urology
Section on Hospice and Palliative
Medicine
Contributors/Reviewers

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 XVII

Contents
Preface............................................................................................................XXVII

Adolescent Medicine
Chapter 1: Eating Disorders...................................................................................3
Jamie Librizzi, MD, MSHS, FAAP, and Kiranvir Mangat, MD, FAAP

Allergy
Chapter 2: Anaphylaxis.......................................................................................13
Stephanie Jennings, MD, FAAP, and Daniel Rodriguez, MD

Cardiology
Chapter 3: Arrhythmias.......................................................................................21
Erich Maul, DO, MPH, FAAP
Chapter 4: Congestive Heart Failure....................................................................29
Sonaly Rao McClymont, MD, FAAP, and Jayne S. Truckenbrod, DO, FAAP

Contents
Chapter 5: Deep Venous Thrombosis...................................................................35
Noé D. Romo, MD, MSc
Chapter 6: Electrocardiogram Interpretation......................................................43
Erich Maul, DO, MPH, FAAP
Chapter 7: Endocarditis.......................................................................................51
Lindsey C. Douglas, MD, MS, FAAP
Chapter 8: Myocarditis........................................................................................57
Alyssa Silver, MD, FAAP, and Joanne M. Nazif, MD, FAAP
Chapter 9: Pericarditis.........................................................................................63
Joanne M. Nazif, MD, FAAP, and Alyssa Silver, MD, FAAP
Chapter 10: Shock ..............................................................................................69
Jonathan Lewis, MD, FAAP, and Binita Patel, MD, FAAP

Dermatology
Chapter 11: Erythema Multiforme and Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis .................................................................................79
Laurie Bernard Stover, MD, FAAP
Chapter 12: Rashes Associated With Serious ­Underlying Disease.......................85
Laurie Gordon, MD, MA, FAAP

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