Pearson Science New South Wales 10
Chapter 5 Test answers
Chemical reactions
Score: ___________ / 78 marks
Section A—Multiple choice (10 marks)
1 A chemical reaction that absorbs heat from the environment is said to be:
A exothermic.
B endothermic. B
C ectothermic.
D hypothermic. 1
2 Which unbalanced formula equation best represents the following word
equation?
iron(III) oxide + carbon monoxide iron + carbon dioxide
A Fe2O3 + CO Fe + CO2 A
B FeO + CO Fe + CO2
C Fe2O3 + CO2 Fe + CO
D FeO + CO2 Fe + CO 1
3 Choose the statement that completes this sentence: ‘Combustion, corrosion
and respiration…’
A are all exothermic reactions. A
B are all endothermic reactions.
C can be exothermic or endothermic depending on the rate of reaction.
D can be exothermic or endothermic depending on the reactants. 1
4 Which of the following chemical reactions is a combination reaction?
A 2H2O 2H2 + O2
B 2H2 + O2 2H2O B
C H2O2 H2 + O2
D H2O + Na NaOH + H2 1
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Pearson Science New South Wales 10
Chapter 5 Test answers
Chemical reactions
5 Which is the best term to describe the following reaction?
CaCO3 CaO + CO2
A combination reaction D
B neutralisation reaction
C precipitation reaction
D decomposition reaction 1
6 When solutions of sodium chloride (NaCl) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) are
mixed, solid silver chloride (AgCl) forms. Which ions remain dissolved in the
solution?
A Na+ and Cl C
B Ag+ and Cl
−
C Na+ and NO 3
−
D Ag+ and NO 3 1
7 Which of the following reactions is not a combustion reaction?
A H2 + O2 → H2O
B Mg + O2 → MgO D
C 2C4H10 + 13O2 → 8CO2 + 10H2O
D 4Fe + 3O2 + 2H2O → 2Fe2O3·H2O 1
8 Identify the neutralisation reaction:
A HCl + LiOH → LiCl + H2O
B 2HCl + MgCO3 → MgCl2 + CO2 + H2O A
C 2HCl + 2Na → 2NaCl + H2
D HCl + NaHCO3 → NaCl + CO2 + H2O 1
9 Explain why crushing solid reactants helps to increase the rate of reaction.
A It exposes more of the solid reactant to the other reactants so there can be
more reactions occurring at any one time.
B It weakens the chemical bonds in the solid so that it is easier for the A
reaction to occur.
C It helps the solid to dissolve.
D All answers are correct. 1
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Pearson Science New South Wales 10
Chapter 5 Test answers
Chemical reactions
10 Explain why adding a catalyst to a reaction increases the rate of reaction.
A The catalyst can provide a pathway for the chemical reaction that requires
less energy.
B The catalyst can help the reactant molecules to come together and react. D
C The catalyst can force reactants into the correct arrangement so that they
react.
D All answers are correct. 1
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Pearson Science New South Wales 10
Chapter 5 Test answers
Chemical reactions
Section B—Short answer (58 marks)
1 In the activity series below, the names a Unknown X
of some elements have been replaced b Unknown Z
with Unknown X, Unknown Y and
c Unknown Y
Unknown Z.
Activity Series
Potassium
(Unknown X)
Calcium
Aluminium
(Unknown Y)
Iron
Copper 3
Silver
(Unknown Z)
Use this activity series to determine the
answers to the following questions.
a Which unknown is most likely to
react explosively with water?
b Which unknown is most likely to
be found naturally in the
environment?
c Which unknown is most likely to
produce small bubbles when placed
in dilute acid?
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Pearson Science New South Wales 10
Chapter 5 Test answers
Chemical reactions
2 An experiment was conducted as a calcium carbonate + hydrochloric
shown in the diagram below. acid water + carbon dioxide +
calcium chloride
b CaCO3 + HCl
CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
c The mass should be the same before
and after the reaction. The law of
conservation of mass states that
mass is neither created nor destroyed
during a chemical reaction.
or
The mass would be slightly less
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was added
because some gas might have been
to a solution of hydrochloric acid
lost when the balloon was being 5
(HCl). The flask, contents and balloon
attached to the flask, as the reaction
were weighed before and after the
was beginning.
reaction. The products of the reaction
are water (H2O), carbon dioxide gas
(CO2) and a solution of calcium
chloride (CaCl2).
a Construct a word equation for the
reaction occurring in the flask.
b Construct an unbalanced formula
equation for the reaction.
c Would you expect the mass after
the reaction to be greater than, less
than or equal to the mass before
reaction? Justify your choice.
3 List the names of three types of combustion, corrosion, respiration
chemical reaction that involve the (could also accept rusting, oxidation) 3
combination of oxygen gas, O2, with
other reactants.
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Pearson Science New South Wales 10
Chapter 5 Test answers
Chemical reactions
4 Explain two disadvantages of using Biofuels take crops away from food
biofuels as a renewable energy. production, making basic foods more
expensive. Biofuels also require a large
amount of land area for the crops to be
grown. 8
(A third disadvantage is that these fuels
still burn to produce greenhouse gases,
unlike solar, wind, etc.)
5 Use any of the terms in the list below a precipitation
to identify each of the reactions b respiration
shown.
c combustion
decomposition, precipitation,
neutralisation, combustion, respiration
a Pb(NO3)2 + 2KCl
PbCl2 + 2KNO3
b C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O
c Mg + O2 MgO2 3
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Chapter 5 Test answers
Chemical reactions
6 The table below shows the symbol or a Mg3N2
formula of several ions. b NH4OH
Name of ion Symbol or c Mg(OH)2
formula
ammonium NH4+
magnesium Mg2+
calcium Ca2+
aluminium Al3+
carbonate CO32–
hydroxide OH–
nitride N3–
Construct the chemical formula for:
a magnesium nitride
b ammonium hydroxide
c magnesium hydroxide. 4
7 Use the information from question 5 to a aluminium sulfate
name these chemicals. b magnesium carbonate
a Al2(SO4)3 c calcium hydroxide
b MgCO3
c Ca(OH)2
3
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Pearson Science New South Wales 10
Chapter 5 Test answers
Chemical reactions
8 The table below shows the solubility of a Na2SO4 + BaCl2 2NaCl + BaSO4
several ions. b Pb(NO3)2 + 2KCl PbCl2 + 2KNO3
Negative Positive Solubility of
ion ion compounds
NO3– all soluble
SO42– Ba2+, Pb2+ insoluble
others soluble
Cl – Ag+, Pb2+ insoluble
others soluble
Use this table to help you construct
equations for the following reactions.
You should include states (aq, s, g) in
your equations.
a Solutions of sodium sulfate
(Na2SO4) and barium chloride
(BaCl2) are mixed.
b Solutions of lead(II) nitrate
(Pb(NO3)2) and potassium chloride
(KCl) are mixed. 4
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Pearson Science New South Wales 10
Chapter 5 Test answers
Chemical reactions
9 The production of iron metal from iron a reactions A and D
ore uses a complex series of reactions b reaction C only
that all take place within a blast
c reactions A
furnace. The reactions are:
A 2C + O2 2CO
B Fe2O3 + CO Fe + CO2
C CaCO3 CaO + CO2
D SiO2 + 2CaO Ca2SiO4
Identify which of these reactions are:
a combination reactions
b decomposition reactions
c combustion reactions.
3
10 List five ways in which the rate of a higher temperature
reaction may be increased. more concentrated reactants
agitation (stirring) 5
larger surface area (of reactants)
use of a catalyst
11 Explain the two ways in which 1 Increasing the temperature increases
E increasing the temperature can help to the speed of the reactant particles,
increase the rate of reaction. meaning that there are more
collisions per second.
2
2 Increasing the temperature gives the
reactant particles more energy so the
atoms are more likely to rearrange to
form the products after a collision.
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Pearson Science New South Wales 10
Chapter 5 Test answers
Chemical reactions
Additional content
12 For the following chemical equation: a Reactants:
4Fe + 3O2 + 2H2O 2Fe2O3·H2O Fe – 4
a Calculate the number of atoms for O–8
each type of element on both sides H–4
of the equation.
Products: 4
b Determine if the equation is
Fe – 4
balanced or unbalanced.
O–8
H–4
b Balanced
13 Determine if each formula equation is a unbalanced
balanced or unbalanced. b balanced
a C2H6 + O2 CO2 + H2O c balanced
b 2Fe + 3CuCl2 2FeCl3 + 3Cu d unbalanced 5
c 2C4H10 + 5O2 8C + 10H2O e balanced
d C2H6 + 7O2 2CO2 + 3H2O
e 2C2H6 + 7O2 4CO2 + 6H2O
14 Determine the balanced formula a P4 + 5O2 2P2O5
equation for each of the reactions b 2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2
described below: 2
a P4 + _O2 _P2O5
b _KClO3 _KCl + _O2
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Pearson Science New South Wales 10
Chapter 5 Test answers
Chemical reactions
15 Write a balanced formula equation for a Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI PbI2 + 2KNO3
each of the reactions described below. b C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
a When aqueous solutions of lead(II)
nitrate, Pb(NO3)2, and potassium
iodide, KI, are mixed, the yellow
solid lead(II) iodide, PbI2,
precipitates from the solution. The
soluble salt, potassium nitrate, 4
KNO3, remains in solution.
b An aqueous solution of ethanol,
C2H5OH, is produced when a
glucose, C6H12O6, solution reacts in
the presence of a yeast catalyst.
Gaseous carbon dioxide, CO2, is
also produced.
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Pearson Science New South Wales 10
Chapter 5 Test answers
Chemical reactions
Section C—Thinking scientifically (10 marks)
1 In a blast furnace, carbon (in the form of coke) reacts with oxygen to form
carbon monoxide. The carbon monoxide then reduces iron(III) oxide to form
iron metal and carbon dioxide. This two-step process can be described by the
formula equations:
2C + O2 2CO
Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2
B
If 1000 carbon atoms undergo this reaction, determine how many CO2
molecules would be produced.
A 667
B 1000
C 1500
D 2000 1
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Chapter 5 Test answers
Chemical reactions
2 Alan performs an experiment where he places a reactant into a test-tube and
then adds a second reactant. Alan’s drawings of his observations are shown
below.
From Alan’s drawings it is possible to make the following conclusion.
A There was no chemical reaction between Reactant 1 and Reactant 2.
B The chemical reaction was an neutralisation reaction.
C The chemical reaction was an acid–metal reaction.
D The chemical reaction was endothermic. 1
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Pearson Science New South Wales 10
Chapter 5 Test answers
Chemical reactions
3 Vanessa has three test-tubes labelled A, B and C. Each test-tube contains a
different substance which is either sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or
sodium metal. To test which is which, Vanessa adds dilute acid to each and
then tests each one by placing a burning splint at the mouth of each test tube.
Her results are summarised in the table below.
Test-tube After adding Burning splint test
dilute acid
A bubbles formed a high-pitched popping sound
B no bubbles no effect
C bubbles formed flame went out C
Based on Vanessa’s observations, it’s possible to conclude that:
A Test tube A contains sodium carbonate, test tube B contains sodium
hydroxide and test tube C contains sodium metal.
B Test tube A contains sodium hydroxide, test tube B contains sodium metal
and test tube C contains sodium carbonate.
C Test tube A contains sodium metal, test tube B contains sodium hydroxide
and test tube C contains sodium carbonate.
D Test tube A contains sodium metal, test tube B contains sodium carbonate
and test tube C contains sodium hydroxide. 1
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Pearson Science New South Wales 10
Chapter 5 Test answers
Chemical reactions
4 Kaleb was given an unknown solution and told that it could be one of four
solutions: potassium nitrate, silver nitrate, calcium nitrate or iron(II) nitrate.
To identify the unknown, Kaleb combined the unknown solution with various
known solutions to see whether or not a precipitate was formed. His results
are summarised in the table below.
Unknown combined with … Precipitate (Yes/No)
Sodium chloride (NaCl) No
Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) Yes
Sodium sulfide (Na2S) Yes
Use the solubility rules in the table below to deduce the compound in the
unknown solution.
Negative ions Positive ions Solubility of
(anions) (cations) Compounds
D
All Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, NH4+ Soluble
Chloride, Cl– Ag+, Pb2+, Hg2+, Cu+ Insoluble
Iodide, I–
All others Soluble
Nitrate, NO3– All Soluble
Carbonate, CO32– Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, NH4+ Soluble
All Others Insoluble
Sulfide, S2– Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, NH4+, Soluble
Be2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+,
Ba2+
All others Insoluble
A potassium nitrate
B silver nitrate
C calcium nitrate
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Pearson Science New South Wales 10
Chapter 5 Test answers
Chemical reactions
5 Francesca came into the lab and found that the labels on her bottles of sodium
nitrate, sodium sulfate and sodium iodide had fallen off. She decided to
relabel the bottles X, Y and Z and then perform some tests by combining each
solution with solutions of silver nitrate, lead nitrate, calcium nitrate and
barium nitrate to see if there was a precipitation reaction. The results of her
tests are summarised in the table below.
Silver Lead Calcium Barium
nitrate nitrate nitrate nitrate
X Yes Yes No No C
Y No No Yes Yes
Z No No No No
Use the solubility rules from question 4 to determine the contents of each
bottle.
A X = sodium nitrate; Y = sodium sulfate; Z = sodium iodide
B X = sodium sulfate; Y = sodium iodide; Z = sodium nitrate
C X = sodium iodide; Y = sodium sulfate; Z = sodium nitrate
D X = sodium iodide; Y = sodium nitrate; Z = sodium sulfate 1
6 A common ingredient used to make cakes rise is baking power. Baking
powder is a mixture of sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) with a dry acid,
such as cream of tartar. When liquid is added, the baking powder produces
lots of tiny bubbles that make the cake light and fluffy.
In bread-making, bakers use yeast to make bread rise. Yeast is actually made
up of microorganisms that feed off glucose (C6H12O6) and consume oxygen
B
(O2) to produce the bubbles.
Determine what these two methods have in common.
A The two methods both use enzymes as catalysts.
B In both cases, carbon dioxide (CO2) is the gas that makes up the bubbles.
C In both cases, an acid–carbonate reaction takes place.
D Oxygen gas (O2) is a reactant in both cases. 1
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Pearson Science New South Wales 10
Chapter 5 Test answers
Chemical reactions
7 Hydrogen peroxide decomposes spontaneously according to the following
reaction: H2O2 H2 + O2
The rate of decomposition is affected by both heat and light as shown by the
graphs below.
Use the graphs to determine the best method for storing hydrogen peroxide.
A a cool place in a black plastic bottle
B a cool place in a clear glass bottle
C a warm place in a black plastic bottle
D a warm place in a clear glass bottle 1
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Chapter 5 Test answers
Chemical reactions
8 Sam is experimenting with a new process for producing aspirin. He wants to
optimise the process so that the reaction takes the shortest amount of time
possible to produce the aspirin.
To do this, Sam performs six different experiments to see how different
factors affect the rate of reaction. Using identical amounts of all the reactants,
Sam times how long it takes for the reaction to complete under different
circumstances. His results are summarised in the graph below.
Use the graph to list the methods for optimising the reaction time from most
effective to least effective.
A add a catalyst; add more reactants; increase temperature; agitate
continuously; crush solid reactants
B increase temperature, add a catalyst; add more reactants; crush solid
reactants; agitate continuously
C add a catalyst; increase temperature; crush solid reactants; add more
reactants; agitate continuously
D crush solid reactants; agitate continuously; increase temperature; add more
reactants; add a catalyst 1
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Chapter 5 Test answers
Chemical reactions
9 Sarah decided to test the effect of temperature on the reaction of magnesium
metal with concentrated hydrochloric acid, which follows the chemical
equation:
Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
To do this, she timed how long it took for all the magnesium metal to stop
producing gas at different temperatures. She also ensured that the size and
shape of the magnesium metal was always kept constant, as well as the
concentration and volume of hydrochloric acid. Her results are summarised in
the graph below.
From this graph, deduce which of the following conclusions is most accurate.
A The time taken for the reaction to complete increases linearly as the
temperature increases.
B The time taken for the reaction to complete decreases linearly as the
temperature increases.
C Increasing the temperature initially reduces the reaction time a lot but only
reduces the reaction time a small amount as the temperature gets higher.
D Increasing the temperature initially has little effect on the reaction time but
rapidly reduces the reaction time as the temperature gets higher. 1
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Pearson Science New South Wales 10
Chapter 5 Test answers
Chemical reactions
10 Use the data from question 9 to determine the temperature at which the data in
the graph below was taken.
A 5°C
B 19°C
C 35°C
D 67°C 1
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