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The document is about the book 'Sensation and Perception - 2nd Edition', which covers various aspects of sensory processing and perception, including chapters on visual and auditory systems, attention, and perception for action. It includes contributions from authors Steven Yantis and Richard A. Abrams, detailing their backgrounds and research interests. The book is structured with chapters that explore foundational concepts, sensory modalities, and applications of perception in real-world contexts.
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100% found this document useful (10 votes)
148 viewsSensation and Perception, 2nd Edition Digital DOCX Download
The document is about the book 'Sensation and Perception - 2nd Edition', which covers various aspects of sensory processing and perception, including chapters on visual and auditory systems, attention, and perception for action. It includes contributions from authors Steven Yantis and Richard A. Abrams, detailing their backgrounds and research interests. The book is structured with chapters that explore foundational concepts, sensory modalities, and applications of perception in real-world contexts.
Uploaded by
hongboang.doetsachCopyright
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/ 17
Sensation and Perception - 2nd Edition
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and Sea (detail), 2010
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016939757
ISBN-13: 978-1-4641-1170-9
ISBN-10: 1-4641-1170-7
Copyright © 2017, 2014 by Worth Publishers All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America First printing
Worth Publishers
One New York Plaza
Suite 4500
New York, NY 10004-1562
www.macmillanlearning.com
Dedicated to my friend and
colleague Steve Yantis
—Richard A. Abrams
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Steven Yantis was Professor in the Department of
Psychological and Brain Sciences at Johns Hopkins
University, with secondary appointments in the
Departments of Cognitive Science and Neuroscience. He
studied experimental psychology as an undergraduate at
the University of Washington in Seattle and received a PhD
in experimental psychology at the University of Michigan.
Following a year as a postdoctoral fellow at Stanford
University, he joined the faculty at Johns Hopkins University,
where he remained for the rest of his career. Yantis’s
research interests included visual perception, attention, and
cognition. Members of the Yantis laboratory continue to
measure behavior (response time, eye movements) and
brain activity (functional MRI) as people carry out tasks that
probe perception and attention. He taught a variety of
courses in human perception and attention for almost thirty
years. He received the Early Career Award from the
American Psychological Association in 1994 and the Troland
Research Award from the National Academy of Sciences in
1996. Steve passed away in 2014 after a lengthy battle with
brain cancer. [Photo: James T. VanRensselaer/Homewood Photography]
Richard A. Abrams is Professor in the Department of
Psychological and Brain Sciences at Washington University
in St. Louis. He studied engineering and psychology as an
undergraduate at Columbia University and received a PhD in
experimental psychology at the University of Michigan. After
graduate school, he joined the faculty at Washington
University, where he has been ever since. Abrams’s
research interests include visual perception, attention, and
action. Members of his laboratory use mostly behavioral
methods (measuring response times, tracking hand and eye
movements) to probe perception and attention as people
carry out tasks. He has taught courses including
experimental psychology and sensation and perception for
over thirty years. His research has been supported by the
National Institutes of Health and the National Science
Foundation. [Photo: Richard Abrams]
BRIEF CONTENTS
Preface
CHAPTER 1 FOUNDATIONS
CHAPTER 2 LIGHT AND THE EYES
CHAPTER 3 THE VISUAL BRAIN
CHAPTER 4 RECOGNIZING VISUAL OBJECTS
CHAPTER 5 PERCEIVING COLOR
CHAPTER 6 PERCEIVING DEPTH
CHAPTER 7 PERCEIVING MOTION
CHAPTER 8 PERCEPTION FOR ACTION
CHAPTER 9 ATTENTION AND AWARENESS
CHAPTER 10 SOUND AND THE EARS
CHAPTER 11 THE AUDITORY BRAIN AND PERCEIVING
AUDITORY SCENES
CHAPTER 12 PERCEIVING SPEECH AND MUSIC
CHAPTER 13 THE BODY SENSES
CHAPTER 14 OLFACTION: PERCEIVING ODORS
CHAPTER 15 GUSTATION: PERCEIVING TASTES AND
FLAVORS
APPENDIX NOISE AND SIGNAL DETECTION THEORY
Glossary
References
Name Index
Subject Index
CONTENTS
Preface
CHAPTER 1 FOUNDATIONS
“I’m Having a Stroke!”
World, Brain, and Mind
The Perceptual Process
Three Main Types of Questions
How Many Senses Are There?
Evolution and Perception
Exploring Perception by Studying Behavior: Psychophysics
Absolute Threshold
Difference Threshold
Psychophysical Scaling
Exploring Perception by Studying Neurons and the Brain
Neurons and Neural Signals
The Human Brain
Cognitive Neuropsychology
Functional Neuroimaging
APPLICATIONS Self-Driving Cars
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It
CHAPTER 2 LIGHT AND THE EYES
A Rare Case: Vision Without Cones
Light
Light as a Wave
Light as a Stream of Particles
The Optic Array
The Human Eye
Field of View
Acuity and Eye Movements
Structure and Function of the Eye
Photoreceptors: Rods and Cones
Transduction of Light
Number and Distribution of Rods and Cones in the Retina
Adapting to Changes in Lighting
Retinal Ganglion Cells: Circuits in the Retina Send
Information to the Brain
Convergence in Retinal Circuits
Receptive Fields
Edge Enhancement: An Example of How It All Works Together
Disorders of the Eye
Strabismus and Amblyopia
Disorders of Accommodation: Myopia, Hyperopia, Presbyopia, and
Astigmatism
Cataracts
High Intraocular Pressure: Glaucoma
Floaters and Phosphenes
Retinal Disease: Macular Degeneration and Retinitis Pigmentosa
APPLICATIONS Night-Vision Devices
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It
CHAPTER 3 THE VISUAL BRAIN
No Thing to See
From Eye to Brain
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
Superior Colliculus
Primary Visual Cortex (Area V1)
Response Properties of V1 Neurons
Organization of V1
Functional Areas, Pathways, and Modules
Functional Areas and Pathways
Functional Modules
APPLICATIONS Brain Implants for the Blind
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It
CHAPTER 4 RECOGNIZING VISUAL OBJECTS
Face-Blind
A Few Basic Considerations
Object Familiarity
Image Clutter, Object Variety, and Variable Views
Representation and Recognition
Overview: The Fundamental Steps
Perceptual Organization
Representing Edges and Regions
Figure–Ground Organization: Assigning Border Ownership
Perceptual Grouping: Combining Regions
Perceptual Interpolation: Perceiving What Can’t Be Seen Directly
Perceptual Organization Reflects Natural Constraints
Object Recognition
Hierarchical Processes: Shape Representation in V4 and Beyond
Modular and Distributed Representations: Faces, Places, and Other
Categories of Objects
Top-Down Information
The Gist of a Scene
Unconscious Inference and the Bayesian Approach
APPLICATIONS Automatic Face Recognition
Feature-Based Approach
Holistic Approach
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It
CHAPTER 5 PERCEIVING COLOR
Colorless
Light and Color
Spectral Power Distribution
Spectral Reflectance
Dimensions of Color: Hue, Saturation, and Brightness
Color Circle and Color Solid
Color Mixtures
Color and the Visual System
Trichromatic Color Representation
Opponent Color Representation
Color Contrast and Color Assimilation
Color Constancy
Lightness Constancy
Color Vision Deficiencies
Inherited Deficiencies of Color Vision
Cortical Achromatopsia: Color Blindness from Brain Damage
APPLICATIONS Color in Art and Technology
Pointillist Painting
Digital Color Video Displays
Digital Color Printing
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It
CHAPTER 6 PERCEIVING DEPTH
Learning to See in 3-D
Oculomotor Depth Cues
Accommodation
Convergence
Monocular Depth Cues
Static Cues: Position, Size, and Lighting in the Retinal Image
Dynamic Cues: Movement in the Retinal Image
Binocular Depth Cue: Disparity in the Retinal Images
Binocular Disparity
Correspondence Problem
Neural Basis of Stereopsis
Integrating Depth Cues
Depth and Perceptual Constancy
Size Constancy and Size–Distance Invariance
Shape Constancy and Shape–Slant Invariance
Illusions of Depth, Size, and Shape
Forced Perspective
Ponzo Illusion
Ames Room
Moon Illusion
Tabletop Illusion
APPLICATIONS 3-D Motion Pictures and Television
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It
CHAPTER 7 PERCEIVING MOTION
Still Life
Perceptual Organization from Motion
Perceptual Grouping Based on Real and Apparent Motion
Figure–Ground Organization
Sensitivity to Biological Motion
Eye Movements and the Perception of Motion and Stability
Neural Basis of Motion Perception in Area V1 and Area MT
A Simple Neural Circuit That Responds to Motion
The Motion Aftereffect
Area MT
The Aperture Problem: Perceiving the Motion of Objects
APPLICATIONS Visually Induced Motion Sickness
The How and Why of Motion Sickness
Could Artificial Environments Be Made Less Sickening?
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It
CHAPTER 8 PERCEPTION FOR ACTION
Inaction
Vision Affects Action
Time to Process Visual Feedback
Optic Flow
Prism Adaptation
Action Affects Vision
Action Plans
Action Capabilities
Neural Basis of Perception for Action
The Role of the Parietal Lobe in Eye Movements, Reaching, and Grasping
Bimodal Neurons and Hand-Centered Receptive Fields
Handheld Tool Use
Mirror Neurons
APPLICATIONS Perception for Action in Baseball: Catching a Fly Ball and Hitting
a Fastball
How to Catch a Fly Ball
How to Hit a Fastball
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It
CHAPTER 9 ATTENTION AND AWARENESS
Out of Mind, Out of Sight
Selective Attention and the Limits of Awareness
Dichotic Listening
Inattentional Blindness
Attentional Blink
Change Blindness
Attention to Locations, Features, and Objects
Attention to Locations
Attention to Features
Attention to Objects
Why Attention Is Selective
The Binding Problem
Competition for Neural Representation
Attentional Control
Top-Down and Bottom-Up Attentional Control
Value-Driven Attentional Control
Sources of Attentional Control in the Brain
Awareness and the Neural Correlates of Consciousness
Seeking the NCCs in Perceptual Bistability
What Blindsight Reveals About Awareness
APPLICATIONS Multitasking
