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Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology Compendium
Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology Compendium
Second Edition

Roger L. Lundblad
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742

© 2020 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

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This edition is dedicated to my daughters, Christy Smith and Cindy Maciariello,
who will forever regret asking me how a firefly makes light.
Contents
Preface............................................................................................................................................................................ix
Acknowledgements.........................................................................................................................................................xi
Author.......................................................................................................................................................................... xiii

Chapter 1 Abbreviations and Acronyms.....................................................................................................................1

Chapter 2 Glossary of Terms Useful in Biochemistry and Biotechnology...............................................................23

Chapter 3 List of Buffers........................................................................................................................................ 341

Chapter 4 Organic Name Reactions Useful in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology........................................... 361

Chapter 5 Deamidation of Asparagine in Peptides and Proteins...........................................................................385

Chapter 6 Properties of Some Solvents...................................................................................................................389

Chapter 7 Partial Volumes......................................................................................................................................395

Chapter 8 A List of Log P Values, Water Solubility, and Molecular Weight for Some Selected Chemicals.........401

Index���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������407

vii
Preface
As with first edition of the Biochemistry and Molecular of this group struggles to find an approved interpreta-
Biology Compendium, this current work has been a tion. Notwithstanding this issue, it is my hope that the
learning process for me. Unlike other encyclopedic information is useful. I feel a bit like the great Samuel
works where individual sections are written by experts, Johnson in his compilation of “A dictionary of the
the current work has been written by a single individual English language in which the words are deduced from
best known as classical protein chemist (aka dinosaur) their originals and illustrated in their different significa-
as opposed to someone skilled in proteomics. This has tions by examples from the best writers” (8th ­edition,
the advantage that the writer has no specific bias and London, 1799). The preface describes a situation
needs to understand the various abbreviations and acro- similar to mine in assembling content and ends with
nyms that have invaded article titles and abstracts with “The orthography and etymology, though imperfect, are
no explanation. The meaning of such abbreviations and not imperfect for lack of care, but care will not always
acronyms is known, but frequently disputed, by the be successful, and recollection or information come too
members of a specific group (Houck, J.C., Hinman, late for use.”
J.W., Glenn, E.M., Rebuck, J.W., and Forscher, B.K. I wrote in the preface for the first edition about the
Introduction, Biochem. Pharmacol. 17(Suppl. 1), v–vi, importance of visiting libraries and not just relying on
1968; Chies, J.A.B. and Veit, T.D., Lost in a tsunami electronic access. There is much to be learned by consult-
of references: the Babel tower strikes again, Tissue ing earlier works, such as those by John Edsall on the
Antigens,75, 657, 2010); however, an individual outside physical chemistry of amino acids and proteins.

ix
Acknowledgements
The author acknowledges the support of the University acknowledges the support of Chuck Crumly of CRC
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Libraries and the Press for his support and guidance in this project and
advice of Professor Bryce Plapp at the University of Jessica Vega of CRC Press for her endurance in the pro-
Iowa in the preparation of this material. The author also cessing of text to book.

xi
Author
Roger Lauren Lundblad is a native of San Francisco, Professor of Pathology, Biochemistry, and Periodontics.
California. He received his B.S. degree from Pacific He spent a decade at the Hyland Division of Baxter
Lutheran University and his Ph.D. degree in Biochemistry Healthcare before returning to Chapel Hill where he is a
from the University of Washington. He spent two years writer and consultant. He continues his relationship with
as a research associate at the Rockefeller University in the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill as an
New York before joining the faculty of the University Adjunct Professor of Pathology.
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, rising to the rank of

xiii
 1 Abbreviations and Acronyms

2D-DIGE two-dimensional difference gel ADAMTS a subfamily of disintegrin

electrophoresis and metalloproteinase with
2DE two-dimensional electrophoresis thrombospondin motifs
A absorbance ADCC antibody-dependent cell-mediated
A1GP  α-1-glycoprotein cytotoxicity as in NK cells attacking
A23187 a calcium ionophore, Calcimycin antibody-coated cells
AAAA Association Against Acronym ADH alcohol dehydrogenase; antidiuretic
Abuse hormone
AAG box an upstream cis-element ADME adsorption, distribution, metabolism,
AAS aminoalkylsilane; atomic absorption excretion
spectroscopy ADME/T adsorption, distribution, metabolism,
AAT amino acid transporter; excretion/toxicology
alpha-1-antitrypsin AdoMet S-adenosyl-l-methionine
AAV adenoassociated virus ADR adverse drug reaction
ABA abscisic acid, a plant hormone AE adverse event
ABC ATP-binding cassette; antigen- AEC alveolar epithelial cell
binding cell AFLP amplified fragment length
ABC-A1 ABC transporter A1 polymorphism
ABC- ATP-binding cassette transporter AFM atomic force microscopy
Transporter proteins AGE advanced glycation end products
Proteins AGO argonaute protein family
ABE acetone butanol ethanol AGP acid glycoprotein
Abl retroviral oncogene derived from AID activation-induced cytodine
Abelson murine leukemia deaminase
ABRC ABA response complex AKAP A-kinase anchoring proteins
ABRE ABA response element Akt a protein kinase
7-ACA 7-aminocephalosporanic acid Akt a retroviral oncogene derived from
ACES 2-[(2-amino-2-oxyethyl)amino]- AKT8 murine T cell lymphoma
ethanesulfonic acid Alk anaplastic lymphoma kinase; receptor
ACSF artificial cerebrospinal fluid member of insulin superfamily
ACS active sequence collection; acute ALL acute lymphocytic leukemia
coronary syndrome ALP alkaline phosphatase
Ach (AcCho) acetylcholine ALS anti-lymphocyte serum
AChR (AcChoR) acetylcholine receptor ALT alanine aminotransferase
ACME arginine catabolic mobile element altORF alternative open reading frame
ACTH adrenocorticotropin ALV avian leukosis virus
ACN acetonitrile AML acute myeloid leukemia
Acrylodan 6-acryloyl-2-(dimethylamino)- AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase
napthalene AMS accelerator mass spectrometry
AD adverse event AMT accurate mass tag
ADA adenosine deaminase; antidrug AAA abdominal aortic aneurysm; AAA+.
antibody ATPases associated with various
ADAM a disintegrin and metalloproteinase cellular activities

1
2 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Compendium

ANDA Abbreviated New Drug Application ATR-IR attenuated total reflection infrared
ANOVA analysis of variables (factorial ATS automatic transfer switch
analysis of variables) AVT arginine vasotocin
ANS 1-anilino-8-napthlenesulfonate; Axl anexceleko; used in reference to a
autonomic nervous system receptor kinase related to the Tyro
ANTH AP180 N-terminal homology as in 3 family
ANTH domain BA betaine aldehyde
2-AP 2-aminopyridine BAC bacterial artificial chromosome; also
6-APA 6-aminopenicillanic acid blood alcohol concentration
APAF1 apoptotic protease activating factor 1 BAD a member of the Bcl02 protein family
Apg1 a serine/threonine protein kinase considered to be a proapoptotic factor
required for vesicle formation which BADH betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase
is essential for autophagy BAEC bovine aortic endothelial cells
API active pharmaceutical ingredient BAEE benzoyl-arginine ethyl ester
APL acute promyelocytic leukemia BALT bronchial associated lymph tissue
ApoB apolipoprotein B BBB blood–brain barrier
APPs acute phase proteins B-CAM basal cell adhesion molecule
AQP adenosine tetraphosphate BCG bacille-Calmette-Guérin
ARAP3 a dual Arf and Rho GTPase BCR breakpoint cluster region; B-cell
activating protein receptor
ARD acute respiratory disease; BCR-ABL BCR-ABL is the fused gene that
acireductone dioxygenase; automatic results from the Philadelphia
relevance determination; acid rock chromosome; the BCR-ABL gene
drainage produces the Bcr-Abl tyrosine
ARE AU-rich elements kinase
ARF ADP-ribosylation factor Bcl-2 protein family regulating apoptosis
ARL Arf-like BCIP 5-bromo, 4-chloro, 3-indoyl
ARM arginine-rich motif phosphate
ARS automatic replicating sequence or BCS biopharmaceutical classification
autonomously replicating sequence system for describing the
ART mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase; gastrointestinal absorption of drugs;
family of proteins, large group of also Budd-Chiari syndrome
A-B toxins BDH d-β-butyrate dehydrogenase
AS antisense BDNF brain-derived growth factor
ASD alternative splicing database; http:// BEBO an unsymmetrical cyanine dye
www.ebi.ac.uk/asd for binding to the minor grove of
ASPP ankyrin-repeat, SH3-domain and DNA; 4-[(3-methyl-6-(6-methyl-
proline-rich-region-containing benzothiazol-2-yl)-2,3,-dihydro(benzo-
proteins 1,3-thiazole)-2-methylidene)]-1-methyl-
AST aspartate aminotransferase pyridinium iodide
ATAC assay for transposable accessible BET refers to an isotherm for adsorption
chromatin phenomena in chromatography;
ATAC-seq assay for transposable accessible acronym derived from Stephen
chromatin with NGS Brunauer, Paul Emmet, and Edward
ATC aspartate transcarbamylase domain Teller
ATCase aspartate transcarbamylase BEVS  Bacillus expression vector system
ATP adenosine-5′-triphosphate B/F bound/free
ATD arrival time distribution bFGF basic fibroblast growth factor
ATPγ S adenosine-5′-3-O-(thiotriphosphate) BFP blue fluorescent protein
ATR-FTIR attenuated total reflectance-Fourier BFS blow-finish-seal
transform infrared BGE background electrolyte
Abbreviations and Acronyms 3

Bicine  N, N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine CAPA corrective and protective action

BiFC bimolecular fluorescence CAPS cleavable amplified polymorphic
complementation sequences; also cationic
BIND biomolecular interaction network antimicrobial peptide
database CAR chimeric antigen receptor
BiP immunoglobulin heavy chain- CAR-T chimeric antigen receptor T cell
binding protein CArG a promoter element [CC(A/T)6G]
Bis-TRIS 2,2-bis-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2′,2″ gene for smooth muscle α-actin
nitriloethanol CASP critical assessment of structural
BHK baby hamster kidney prediction
BLA Biologic License Application CASPASE cysteine-dependent aspartate-
BLAST basic local alignment search tool specific protease
BME 2-mercaptoethanol; CAT catalase; chloramphenicol acetyl
β-mercaptoethanol transferase
BMP bone morphogenic protein CATH class, architecture, topology,
BopA a secreted protein required for bio- homologous superfamily;
film formation hierarchical classification of protein
BPTI bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor domain structure; informal for
BCRA-1 breast cancer 1; a tumor suppressor catheter
gene associated with breast cancer CATP chloramphenicol acetyltransferase
BRE-luc a mouse embryonic stem cell line CBE changes being effected
used to study bone morphogenetic CBER Center for Biologics Evaluation and
protein Research
BRET bioluminescence resonance energy Cbl a signal transducing protein
transfer downstream of a number of receptor-
BrdU bromodeoxyuridine couple tyrosine kinases; a product of
Brig polyoxyethylene lauryl ether the c-cbl proto-oncogene
BSA bovine serum albumin Cbs chromosomal breakage sequence
BsAB bispecific antibody CBz carbobenzoxy
BTEX benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and CCC concordance correlation coefficient
o-/p-xylene CCD charge-coupled device
BUN blood urea nitrogen CCK choleocystokinin
bZIP basic leucine zipper transcription CCS rotationally average collision cross
factor section
C1INH C1 inhibitor; inhibitor of activated CCV clathrin-coated vesicles
complement component 1, missing in CD clusters of differentiation; circular
hereditary angioneurotic edema dichroism; cyclodextrin
CA125 cancer antigen 125; a glycoprotein CDC complement-dependent cytotoxicity;
marker used for prognosis in ovarian complement-mediated cell death
cancer; also referred to as MUC16 CDK (cDK) cyclin-dependent kinase
CAD multifunctional protein which is cDNA complementary DNA
responsible for the de novo pyrimi- CDR complementary determining region
dine biosynthesis; caspases-activated CDTA 1,2-cyclohexylenedinitriloacetic acid
DNAse; charged aerosol detection CE capillary electrophoresis
CAK Cdk-activating kinase CDS coding sequence
CALM clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid CEC capillary electrochromatography
leukemia as in CALM gene CE-SDS capillary electrophoresis in the
CAM (CaM) calmodulin; cell adhesion molecule presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate
CAMK calmodulin kinase, isoforms I, II, III CELISA cellular enzyme-linked
CaMK Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein immunosorbent assay; enzyme-linked
kinase immunosorbent assay on live cells
4 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Compendium

CERT ceramide transport protein CMC chemistry, manufacturing and con-

CEPH Centre d’Etude du Polymorphisme trols; critical micelle concentration
Humain CMCA competitive metal capture analysis
CEX cation exchange CML chronic myelogenous leukemia
CFA complete Freund’s adjuvant CML carboxymethyl lysine
CFD computational fluid dynamics CMO contract manufacturing organization
CFP cyan fluorescent protein CNA bacterial cell wall collagen-binding
CFR Code of Federal Regulations protein
CFTR cystic fibrosis transmembrane Cn calcineurin
conductance region CNC Cap’n’Collar family of basic leucine
Cfuc colony forming unit zipper proteins
CGE capillary gel electrophoresis CNE conserved noncoding elements
CGH comparative genome hybridization dCNE duplicated CNE
CGN  cis-Golgi network COACH comparison of alignments by con-
CH calponin homology structing hidden Markov models
CHAPS 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) CoA coenzyme A
dimethylammonio]-1-propane- COA(CofA) Certificate of Analysis
sulfonic acid COFFEE consistency based objective function
CHCA  α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid for alignment evaluation
CHEF chelation-enhanced fluorescence COFRADIC combined fractional diagonal
CHES 2-(N-cyclohexylamino)ethanesul- chromatography
fonic acid COG conserved oligomeric Golgi; cluster
ChiP chromatin immunoprecipitation of orthologous groups
ChiP-seq ChiP followed by NGS COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary
DNA sequencing disease
CHMP Committee for Medicinal Products COS cell line derived from African green
for Human Use monkeys
CHO  Chinese hamster ovary; carbohydrate Cot ½ DNA a method for measuring genome
CIC circulating immune complex complexity by determining the time
CIC Capicua transcriptional repressor required for one-half of DNA in a
gene sample to renature compared a stan-
CID collision-induced dissociation; dard sample (not currently in use as
collision-induced dimerization determined by literature search)
CIDEP chemically induced dynamic elec- COX cytochrome C oxidase
tron polarization Cp ceruloplasmin
CIDNP chemically induced dynamic nuclear Cp and Cpk measures of process capability
polarization CPA carboxypeptidase A
CIEEL chemically initiated electron CPB carboxypeptidase B
exchange luminescence CPD cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer
CIP clean in place CPDK calcium-dependent protein kinase
CLIP class-II-associated invariant chain CpG cytosine-phosphate-guanine
(Ii) peptide CpG-C cytosine-phosphate-guanine class C
CLT clotvinazole [1-(α2-chlorotrityl) COG cluster of orthologous genes
imidazole] CPP cell penetrating peptide; combinato-
CLU clusterin rial protein pattern; critical process
CLUSTALW a general purpose program for parameter
structural alignment of proteins and CPSase carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase
nucleic acids; http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ CPY carboxypeptidase Y
clustalw/ CQA critical process attribute
cM centimorgan CRAC calcium-release activated calcium
CM carboxymethyl (channels)
Abbreviations and Acronyms 5

CRE cyclic AMP response element DALI distance matrix alignment;

Cre1 cytokine response 1; a membrane http://www2.ebi.ac.uk/dali/
kinase DANSYL 5-dimethylaminonapthalene-
CREA creatinine 1-sulfonyl; usually as the chloride
CREB cAMP-response element binding (DANSYL chloride)
protein DAP DNAX-activation protein; also
CRISPR clustered regularly interspaced single diaminopimelic acid
palindromic repeats DAP12 DNAX activating protein of 12 kDa
CRM certified reference material mass
CRO contract research organization DAS distributed annotated system;
CRP C-reactive protein; cAMP receptor downstream activation site
protein DAVID database for annotation, visualization
CRY chaperone and integrated discovery
CS chondroitin sulfate DBMB Dulbecco’s modified Eagle
CSF colony stimulating factor; cerebral medium
spinal fluid DBD-PyNCS 4-(3-isocyanatopyrrolidin-1-yl)-
CSP cold-shock protein 7-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-
CSR cluster-situated regulator; class- 2-benzoxadiazole
switch recombination DBS dried blood spot
CSSL chromosome segment substitution DBTC “Stains All”; 4,5,4′,5′-dibenzo-3,3′-
lines diethyl-9-methylthiacarbocyanine
Ct chloroplast bromide
CT charge transfer DC dendritic cell
CTB cholera toxin B subunit DCC dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
CTD C-terminal domain DCCD  N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodimide
CTL cytotoxic T lymphocyte DD differential display
CTLA cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated DDA data directed analysis
antigen DDBJ DNA Databank of Japan;
CTLL cytotoxic T-cell lines http://www.ddbj.nig.ac.jp
CTPSase CTP synthetase DDRs discoidin domain receptors (DDR1,
CtrA a master regulator of cell cycle DDR2)
progression DDR1 discoidin domain receptor 1, CAK,
CV coefficient of variation CD167a, PTK3, Mck10
CV-1 cell line derived from African green DDR2 discoidin domain receptor 2,
monkey NTRK3, TKT, Tyro10
Cvt cytosome to vacuole targeting DEAE diethylaminoethyl
CW continuous wave (nonpulsed source DEG differentially expressed gene(s)
of electromagnetic radiation) DEP diethylpyrocarbonate (ethoxyformic
CYP cytochrome P450 enzyme anhydride)
Cst3 cystatin 3 DEX dendritic-cell-derived exosomes
CZE capillary zone electrophoresis DFF DNA fragmentation factor
D diffusion DFP diisopropylphosphorylfluoridate
Dax  axial dispersion coefficient (diisopropylfluorophosphate,
DAB(p-dab) 
p-dimethyl amino azobenzene isofluorophate)
dABs domain antibodies DHFR dihydrofolate reductase
DABSYL  N,N-dimethylaminoazobenzene- DHO dihydroorotase domain
4′-sulfonyl-usually as the chloride, DHOase dihydroorotase
DABSYL chloride DHPLC denaturing HPLC
DAD diaphanous-autoregulatory domain (dHPLC)
DAF decay accelerating factor DHS DNAse I hypersensitivity site
DAG diacyl glycerol DI deionized as in DI water (DIW)
6 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Compendium

DIP database of interacting proteins— DQ design qualification

http://dip.doe-mbi.ucla. edu; also dsDNA double-stranded DNA
dictionary of interfaces in proteins— dsRNA double-stranded RNA
http://drug-redesign.de/superposition. dsRBD double-stranded RNA binding
html; also used to designate an domain
enzyme inactivated by diisopro- DRE dehydration response element; dioxin
pylphosphoryl fluoridate (DFP) such response element
as DIP-trypsin DRT dimensionless retention time (a value
Dipso 3-[N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]- for chromatography)
2-hydroxypropane sulfonic acid DSA donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies
DLS dynamic light scattering DSB DNA double-strand break
DM an accessory protein located in the DSC differential scanning calorimetry
lysosome associated with MHC- DSP downstream processing
class-II antigen presentation. It is DTAF dichlorotriazinyl aminofluorescein
located in the endosomal/lysosomal DTE dithioerythritol
system of APC DTNB 5,5′-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)
DMBA 7,12-dimethylbenzo[α]anthracene Ellman’s reagent
DMD Duchenne muscular dystrophy; also DTT dithiothreitol
Doctor of Dental Medicine DUP a duplicated yeast gene family
DMF dimethylformamide; decayed, miss- DVDF polyvinyl difluoride
ing, filled (dentistry); drug master E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme
file E2 ubiquitin carrier protein
DMS dimethyl sulfate; dried media spot E3 ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase
DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide E-64  trans-epoxysuccinyl-l-leucylamino-
DMT1 divalent metal transporter 1 (4-guanidino)-butane, proteolytic
ssDNA single-stranded DNA enzyme inhibitor
DNAa a bacterial replication initiation EAA excitatory amino acid
factor EBA expanded bead adsorption
DNAX DNAase III, tau and gamma subunits EBV Epstein–Barr virus
dNPT deoxynucleoside triphosphate EBPR enhanced biological phosphate
DNAse I deoxyribonuclease I removal
DO an accessory protein located in the EDC(EADC) 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)
lysosome associated with MHC- carbodiimide N-ethyl-N′-(3-
class-II antigen presentation. DO has dimethyl-aminopropyl) carbodiimide
an accessory role to DM ECD electron-capture detection
DOAC direct oral anticoagulants; also ECF extracytoplasmic factor; extracellular
known as NOAC (new/novel oral fluid
anticoagulants) ECM extracellular matrix
DOE design of experiments EDC 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-
DOI digital object identifier carbodiimide
DOTA tetraazacyclodedecanetetraacetic EDI electrodeionization
acid EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,
DPE downstream promoter element Versene, (ethylenedinitrilo)
DPI dual polarization interferometry tetraacetic acid
DPM disintegrations per minute EEO electroendoosmosis
DPN diphosphopyridine dinucleotide EEOF electroendoosmotic flow
(currently NAD) EF electrofiltration
DPPC dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine EFPIA European Federation of
DPPE 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol- Pharmaceutical Industries and
3-phosphoethanolamine Associations
DPTA diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid EGF epidermal growth factor
Abbreviations and Acronyms 7

EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor; Ero1p a thiol oxidase which generates
Erb-1; HER1 disulfide bonds inside in the
EGTA ethyleneglycol-bis(β- endoplasmic reticulum
aminoethylether)-N,N,N′,N′- ERSE endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress
tetraacetic acid response element
eIF eukaryotic initiation factor ES embryonic stem as in embryonic
EK electrokinetic stem cell
EKLF erythroid Krüppel-like factor ESC embryonic stem cell
ELSD evaporative light scattering detection ESI electrospray ionization
ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ESR electron spin resonance; erthyrocyte
(enzyme-linked immunoassay) sedimentation rate
EM electron microscopy ESS exonic splicing silencer
EMA European Medicines Agency EST expressed sequence tag
(formerly EMEA) ETAAS electrothermal atomic absorption
EMBL European Molecular Biology 5,6-ETE 5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid
Laboratory ETD electron transfer dissociation
EMCV encephalomyocarditis virus ETS family of transcription factors
EMF electromotive force EUROFAN European functional analysis
EMMA enhanced mismatch mutation network—http:// mips.gsf.de/proj/
analysis eurofan/; also European Programme
EMSA electrophoretic mobility shift assay for the Study and Prevention of
ENaC epithelial Na channel Violence in Sport
EndoG endonuclease G Exo1 exonuclease 1
ENTH epsin N-terminal homology as EXP1 expansion gene
ENTH-domain FAAH fatty acid amide hydrolase
ENU  N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea Fab an antigen binding fragment from
EO ethylene oxide immunoglobulin; consists of a light
EOF electroosmotic flow chain and segment of the heavy
EPC endothelial progenitor cell chain amino-terminal to the hinge
Eph a family of receptor tyrosine kinases; region linked by a disulfide bond;
function as receptors/ligands for obtained from the papain digestion
ephrins of IgG
EPL expressed protein ligation Fab’ an antigen binding fragment from
EPO erythropoietin immunoglobulin; consists of a
Epps 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)- light chain and segment of the
1-piperazinepropanesulfonic acid heavy chain containing the hinge
EPR electron paramagnetic resonance region; linked by a disulfide bond
EPS emergency power supply and obtained by reduction of an
EPSS emergency power supply system F(ab’)2 obtained from the pepsin
ER endoplasmic reticulum digestion of IgG. A dimeric deriva-
ERAD endoplasmic reticulum-associated tive as compared to Fab or Fab’.
protein degradation contains two antigen binding sites
ErbB2 epidermal growth factor receptor, FAB fast atom bombardment
HER2 FAB-MS/MS fast atom bombardment-mass
ErbB3 epidermal growth factor receptor, spectrometry/mass spectrometry
HER3 FACE fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate
ErbB4 epidermal growth factor receptor, electrophoresis
HER4 FACS fluorescence-activated cell sorting
ERK extracellular-regulated kinase FADD Fas association death domain
Erk ∫ P 42/44 extracellular signal- FAD flavin adenine dinucleotide
regulated kinase FAK focal adhesion kinase
8 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Compendium

FAME fatty acid methyl ester FTIR-ATR Fourier-transformed infrared

FAR failure analysis report reflection-attenuated total reflection
FBS fetal bovine serum FLAG™ an epitope “tag,” which can be used
Fc region of an immunoglobulin repre- as a fusion partner for recombinant
senting the C-terminal and contains protein expression and purification
various effector functions such as FlhB a component of the flagellum-
activation of cells specific export apparatus in bacteria
FcR cell surface receptor for the Fc FLIP fluorescence loss in photobleaching
domain of IgG; separate types are FLK-1 receptor for vascular endothelial
FcαR and FcγR growth factor (VEGF)
FcRn neonatal Fc receptor FLT-1 receptor for vascular endothelial
FDA fluorescein diacetate; Food and Drug growth factor receptor
Administration FMEA failure mode evaluation and analysis
FDA483 A form prepared at the end of an fMLP(FMLP) 
N-formyl methionine leucine
FDA inspection, which contains phenylalanine
a list of observations that may fMOC 9-fluorenzylmethyloxycarbonyl
be violations of law. Since this Fms retroviral oncogene derived from SM
information is accessible under the feline sarcoma
FOA act, it may also be used to FB fibronectin
obtain competitive intelligence Fok1 a type IIS restriction endonucle-
FDC follicular dendritic cells ase derived from Flavobacterium
FDP fibrin/fibrinogen degradation okeanokoites
products Fos retroviral oncogene derived from
FCCP carbonyl cyanide FBJ murine osteosarcoma
p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-hydrazine FOX forkhead box
FD&C Food Drug and Cosmetic Act FpA fibrinopeptide A
FEAU 2′-fluoro-2′-deoxy-b-d- FPC fingerprinted contigs
arabinofuranosyl-5-ethyluracil FPLC fast protein liquid chromatography
FEN flap endonuclease Fps retroviral oncogene from Fujiami
FERM as in FERM-domain (four-point-one; avian sarcoma
ezrin, radixin, moesin) FRAP fluorescence recovery after
FFAT two phenylalanyl residues in an photobleaching
acidic tract FRET fluorescence resonance energy trans-
FIAU 2′-fluoro-2′-deoxy-b-d- fer; Förster resonance energy transfer
arabinofuranosyl-5-iodouracil FSSP fold classification based on structure
FecA ferric citrate transporter alignment of proteins; http://www2.
FEN flap endonuclease ebi.ac.uk/dali/fssp/fssp.html
Fes retroviral oncogene derived from ST FT Fourier transform
and GA feline sarcoma FTE full-time equivalent
FFAP free fatty acid phase FT-IR Fourier transform–infrared
FFPE formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded FU fluorescence unit
FGF fibroblast growth factor 5-Fu 5-fluorouracil
FGFR fibroblast growth factor receptor Fur ferric uptake receptor
Fgr retroviral oncogene derived from GR Fur gene for Fur
feline sarcoma FYVE a zinc-binding motif; acronym
FIBC flexible intermediate bulk container derived from four proteins
FIGE field-inversion gel electrophoresis containing this domain
FITC fluoroscein isothiocyanate G guanine
FTIR Fourier-transformed infrared Gα heterotrimeric G protein, α-subunit
reflection Gβ heterotrimeric G protein, β-subunit
Abbreviations and Acronyms 9

Gγ heterotrimeric G protein, γ-subunit GLC gas–liquid chromatography

G-6-PD glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase GlcNac  N-acetylglucosamine
GABA gamma (g)-aminobutyric acid GLD gelsolin-like domain
GAG glycosaminoglycan GLP good laboratory practice(s)
Gal-3 galactan-3 as in galactin-3 protein GLPC gas–liquid phase chromatography
GalNac N-acetylgalactosamine GlpD glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
GALT gut-associated lymphoid tissues dehydrogenase
GALV gibbon ape leukemia virus GLUT a protein family involves in the
GAMP good automated manufacturing transport of hexoses into mammalian
product tissues
GAPDH glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Glut4 facilitative glucose transporter which
dehydrogenase is insulin-sensitive
GAPS GTPase activating proteins Glut5 a fructose transporter, catalyzes the
GAS6 a protein, member of the vitamin uptake of fructose
K-dependent protein family GM genetically modified
GASP Genome Annotation Assessment GM-CSF granulocyte-macrophage colony
Project; http://www. fruitfly.org/ stimulating factor
GASP1/; also growth advantage in GMP current good manufacturing practice
stationary phase cGMP current good manufacturing practice
GBD GTPase binding domain GMP-PDE cyclic GMP-phosphodiesterase
GC gas chromatography; granular (cyclic
compartment GMP-PDE)
GC-MS gas chromatography-mass GNSO 5-nitrosoglutathione
spectroscopy GPC gel permeation chromatography
GC-MSD gas chromatography-mass selective GPCR G-protein coupled receptor
detector GPI glycosyl phosphatidylinositol
GcrA a master regulator of cell cycle GPx glutathione peroxidase
progression GRAS generally regarded as safe
G-CSF granulocyte colony stimulating GRIP a Golgi-targeting protein domain
factor GRP glucose-regulated protein
GCP good clinical practice Grp78 a glucose regulated protein; identical
GDH glutamate dehydrogenase with BiP
GDNF glial-derived neurotrophic factor GSC gas–solid chromatography; glioma
GdnHCl guanidine hydrochloride stem cell; glioblastoma stem-like cell
GDUFE generic drug user fee amendments GSH glutathione
GEFs guanine nucleotide exchange factors GST glutathione-S-transferase; gene trap
GF-AAS graphite furnace atomic absorption sequencing tag
spectroscopy GTF general transcription factor
GFC gel filtration chromatography GTST(GST) gene trap sequence tags
GFP green fluorescent protein GTP (cGTP) good tissue practice (current good
GGDEF a protein family tissue practice)
GGT gamma-glutamyl transferase GUS beta-glucuronidase
GGTC German Gene Trap Consortium; GVDH graft-versus-host disease
a reference library of gene trap GXP(s) A generic acronym for good
sequence tags (GTST); http://www. ­practices including but not limited to
genetrap.de/ good clinical practice, good labora-
GHG greenhouse gas tory practice, good manufacturing
GI gastrointestinal; genomic islands processes
cGK cyclic GMP (cGMP)-dependent HA hemagglutinin-A; hyaluronic acid;
protein kinase hydroxyapatite, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2
10 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Compendium

HABA [2-(4′-hydroxyazobenzene)] benzoic HMGR 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutamyl-

acid coenzyme A reductase
HACCP hazard analysis, critical control point HMP herbal medicinal product(s)
HAPT haptoglobin HMT histone
HAS hyaluronan synthase hnRNA heterologous nuclear RNA
HAT histone acetyltransferase; hypoxan- hpRNAi hairpin RNA interference
thine, aminopterin and thymidine HOG high-osmolarity glycerol
HBSS Hanks balanced salt solution HOPE Hepes-glutamic acid-buffer mediated
H/D hydrogen/deuterium exchange organic solvent protein effect
HAD heteroduplex analysis HOX(HOX, hox) describing a family of transcription
HCP host cell protein, refers to protein factors
derived from the cell line used to HPAED-PAD high-performance anion-exchange
expressed recombinant proteins chromatography-pulsed amperomet-
HCIC hydrophobic charge induction ric detection
chromatography 5-HPETE 5-hydroperoxyeicosatetranenoic acid
HDAC histone deacetylase HPRD human protein reference database
HDL high-density lipoprotein HPRT hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl
HDLA human leukocyte differentiation transferase
antigen HRP horse radish peroxidase
HD-ZIP homeodomain-leucine zipper HRR homologous recombination repair
proteins HPLC high-performance liquid chro-
HEPT height equivalent to plate number matography (high-pressure liquid
HeLa cells a immortal cell line derived from chromatography)
human cervical cancer cells, uHPLC ultra-high-performance liquid
acronym is from the patient’s name, chromatography
Henrietta Lacks HS heparan sulfate
HEPA high-efficiency particulate air as in HSA human serum albumin
HEPA-filtration HSB homologous synteny blocks
ERV human endogenous retrovirus HSC hematopoietic stem cell
HDPE high-density polyethylene HSCQ heteronuclear single quantum
20-HETE 20-hydroxyeicosatetranenoic acid correlation
HETP plate height (chromatography) HSCT hematopoietic stem cell
HexNac  N-acetylhexosamine transplantation
HP-LPME hollow-fiber liquid-phase HSE heat shock element
microextraction Hsp heat-shock protein
HGH human growth hormone Hsp70 heat shock protein 70
HGP human genome project HS-SDME head space single-drop
HH hereditary hemochromatosis microextraction
HHM hidden Markov models HS-SPME head space solid-phase
HIC hydrophobic interaction microextraction
chromatography 5-HT 5-hydroxytryptamine
HILIC hydrophilic interaction liquid HTF  HpaII tiny fragments; distinct
chromatography fragments from the HpaII digestion
His-Tag histidine tag—a hexahistidine of DNA; HpaII is a restriction
(His6; H6) sequence endonuclease
HLA human leukocyte associated HTH helix-turn-helix
antigen HTS high-throughput screening
HLA-DM enzyme responsible for loading pep- htSNP haplotype single nucleotide
tides onto MHC class II molecules polymorphism
HLA-DO protein factor which modulates the HUGO human genome organization
action of HLA-DM HUVEC human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Abbreviations and Acronyms 11

IAA iodoacetic acid IMS ion mobility separation

IAEDANS 
N-iodoacetyl-N′-(5-sulfo-1-napthyl) IND investigation new drug application
ethylenediamine IoT internet of things
IBD identical-by-descent; also IP3 inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate
inflammatory bowel disease IPG immobilized pH gradient
IC ion chromatography IPTG isopropylthio-b-d-galactopyranoside
ICAM intercellular adhesion molecule IQ installation qualification
ICAT isotope-coded affinity tag IR inverted repeat; insulin receptor
ICH intracerebral hemorrhage; a gene IRB institutional review board
related to Ice involved in pro- IRES internal ribosome entry site
grammed cell death; historically, IRS insulin receptor substrate
international chick unit; International ISE ion-specific electrode
Conference for Harmonisation ISO International Organization for
ICPMS inductively coupled plasma mass Standardization
spectrometry ISS immunostimulatory sequence; also
ID internal diameter intronic splicing silencer
IDA interaction defective allele ISS-ODN immunostimulatory
IdeS a protease from Streptococcus sequence-oligodeoxynucleotide
pyogenes which specifically cleaves ISSR inter-simple sequence repeats
IgG on the carboxyl side of the IT isotocin
hinge region in a manner similar to ITAF IRES trans-acting factor
pepsin ITAM immunoreceptor tyrosine-based
IDMS isotope dilution mass spectrometry activation motif
IEC ion-exchange chromatography ITC isothermal titration calorimetry
IEF isoelectric focusing iTRAQ isobaric tags for relative and absolute
IES internal eliminated sequences quantitation of proteins in proteomic
IFE immunofixation electrophoresis research
IFN interferon JAK Janus kinase
IEX ion-exchange chromatography JNK  c-Jun N-terminal kinase
Ig immunoglobulin KARAP killer cell activating receptor-
IGF insulin-like growth factor associated protein
IGFR insulin-like growth factor receptor Kb, kb kilobase
Ihh Indian hedgehog KDR kinase insert domain-containing
IkB NF-kB inhibitor receptor; KDR is the human
IIoT industrial internet of things homolog of the mouse
IkK IkB kinase FLK-1 receptor. The KDR and
IL interleukin, e.g. IL-2, interleukin-2; FLK-1 receptors are also known as
IL-6, interleukin-6 VEGFR2. See VEGFR
iLAP integrated lysis and purification KEGG  Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and
ILGF insulin-like growth factor genomes
ILGFR insulin-like growth factor receptor Kit mast/stem cell growth factor
ILK integrin-linked kinase receptor, CD 117
IMAC immobilized metal-affinity Kit retroviral oncogene derived from
chromatography HZ4 feline sarcoma
IMINO Na+-dependent alanine-insensitive KLF5 Kruppel-like factor 5, a transcription
proline uptake system (SLC6A20) factor
IMMS ion mobility mass spectrometry KRED aldo/keto reductases
IMP integrin-mobilferrin pathway LAD ladder logic; left anterior descending
membrane protein system involves (artery)
in the transport of ferric iron; also LAK lymphokine-activated killer cells
inosine-5′-monophosphate LAL limulus amebocyte lysate (assay)
12 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Compendium

LATE-PCR linear-after-the-exponential-PCR LOT the entire content of a production

LB Luria–Bertani batch of a therapeutic product
Lck member of the Src family of protein (drug or biologic)
kinases LOQ limit of quantitation
LC50 median lethal concentration in air LP lysophospholipid
LC/MS liquid chromatography/mass LPA lysophosphatidic acid
spectrometry LPH lipotropic hormone
LC/MS/MS liquid chromatography/mass LPME liquid-phase microextraction
spectrometry/mass spectrometry LPS lipopolysaccharide
LCR low-copy repeat; locus control LR linear range
region; low-complexity region LTB4 leukotriene B4
LCST lower critical solution temperature LTH luteotropic hormone
LD as in LD motif, a leucine/aspartic Ltk leukocyte tyrosine kinase
acid-rich protein-binding domain; LRP low-density lipoprotein receptor-
also used to refer to peptidases related protein
without stereospecificity; also longin LSC liquid-solid chromatography
domain; linkage disequilibrium; LSPR localized surface plasmon resonance
lactate dehydrogenase LTR long terminal repeat
LD50 median lethal dose LUCA last universal cellular ancestor
LDL low-density lipoprotein Lys-C a protease with specificity for
LEAC linear elution adsorption cleavage at lysine carboxyl group
chromatography LZ leucine/isoleucine zipper
LECE ligand exchange capillary M13 a bacteriophage used in phage
electrophoresis display
LED light emitting diode MФ macrophage
LLDPE linear low-density polyethylene Mab monoclonal antibody
LDPE low-density polyethylene MAC membrane attack complex
Lek lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine MAD multiwavelength anomalous
kinase diffraction
LFA lymphocyte function-associated Maf retroviral oncogene derived from
antigen AS42 avian sarcoma
LGIC ligand-gated ion channel MAGE microarray and gene expression
LH luteinizing hormone MALDI-TOF matrix-assisted laser desorption
LIF laser-induced fluorescence ionization time of flight mass
LIM a domain involved in protein-protein spectrometry
interaction, originally described in MALLS multiangle laser light scattering
transcription factors LIN1, ISL1, and MAP mitogen-activated protein; usually
MED3 referring to a protein kinase such as
LIMS laboratory information management MAP-kinase
systems MAPK MAP-kinase
LINE long interspersed nuclear element MAPKK MAP-kinase kinase
LLC liquid-liquid chromatography MAPKKK MAP-kinase kinase kinase
LLE liquid-liquid extraction MAR matrix attachment region
LLOD lower limit of detection MASE matrix-solid phase extraction
LLOQ lower limit of quantification Mb, mb megabase (106)
LNA locked nucleic acid MB molecular beacon
Lnr initiator element MBL mannose-binding lectin
lncRNA long, noncoding RNA MBP myelin basic protein; maltose-
lnRNP large nuclear ribonucleoprotein binding protein
LOD limit of detection; log10 of odds MCA 4-methylcoumaryl-7-acetyl
LOLA list of lists—annotated MCAT mass coded abundance tag
Abbreviations and Acronyms 13

MCD magnetic circular dichroism Mos retroviral oncogene derived from

MCM mini-chromosome maintenance Moloney murine sarcoma
MCS multiple cloning site MPD 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol
M-CSF M-colony stimulating factor MPSS massively parallel signature
­(macrophage-colony stimulating sequencing
factor) MQTT message queuing telemetry transport
MDA malondialdehyde MR magnetic resonance
MDMA 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine MRI magnetic resonance imaging
MDCK Madin-Darby canine kidney MRM multiple reaction monitoring
MEF mouse embryonic fibroblasts mRNA messenger RNA
MEF-2 myocyte enhancer factor 2 miRNA microRNA
MEGA-8 octanoyl-N-methylglucamide MRP migratory inhibitory factor-related
MEGA-10 decanoyl-N-methylglucamide protein
MEK mitogen-activated protein kinase/ MRTF myocardin-related transcription
extracellular signal regulated kinase; factor
also methylethyl ketone MS mass spectrometry, also mecha-
MELC microemulsion liquid nosensitive (receptors), multiple
chromatography sclerosis
MELK multi-epitope-ligand-kartographie MS/MS mass spectrometry/mass
MEM minimal essential medium spectrometry
Mer a receptor protein kinase; also MS3 tandem mass spectrometry/mass
Mertk, Mer tyrosine kinase spectrometry/mass spectrometry
MES 2-(N-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid) MSDS material safety data sheet(s)
Met receptor for hepatocyte growth factor MSP macrophage stimulating protein
MFB membrane fusion protein Mt mitochondrial
MGO methylglyoxal mt-DNA mitochondrial DNA
MGUS monoclonal gammopathy of undeter- MTBE methyl-t-butyl ether
mined significance MTOC microtubule organizing center
MHC major histocompatibility complex mTOR a eukaryotic regulatory of cell
MIAME minimum information about a growth and proliferation; mechanis-
microarray experiment tic target of rapamycin
Mil retroviral oncogene derived from MTSP membrane type serine proteases
Mill Hill-2 chicken carcinoma mTRAQ MRM tags for relative and absolute
MIP molecularly imprinted polymer; quantitation
macrophage inflammatory protein; MTT methylthiazoletetrazolium
methylation induced premeiotically MTX methotrexate
MIPS Munich Information Center for MU Miller units
Protein Sequences Mu mutator
miRNA microRNA MuRF (MURF) muscle-specific RING finger proteins
MIS Mullerian inhibiting substance MUSK muscle skeletal receptor tyrosine
MLCK myosin light chain kinase kinase
MLCP myosin light chain phosphatase MuDPiT multidimensional protein identifica-
MMP matrix metalloproteinase tion technology
MMR mismatch repair MuLV Muloney leukemia virus
MMTV mouse mammary tumor virus MWCO molecular weight cut-off
MODR method operable design region My million years
MOPS 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic Myb retroviral oncogene derived from
acid; 4-morpholinopropanesulfonic avian myeloblastosis
acid Myc retroviral oncogene derived from
MOPSo 3-(N-morpholino)-2- MC29 avian myelocytomatosis
hydroxypropanesulfonic acid MYPT myosin phosphatase-targeting
14 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Compendium

Mys myristoylation site NIRF near infrared fluorescence

NAA neutron activation analysis NIST National Institute of Standards and
Nabs neutralizing antibodies Technology
nAChR nicotinic acetylcholine receptor NK natural killer (as in cytotoxic T cell)
(nAcChoR)  NKCF natural killer cytotoxic factor
NAD nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NKF  N-formylkynurenine
(DPN) NMDA  N-methyl-d-aspartate
NADP nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NME new molecular entity
phosphate (TPN) NMM nicotinamide mononucleotide
NAO nonanimal origin NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
NASH nonalcoholic steatohepatitis NO nitric oxide
NAT nucleic acid amplification testing; NOE nuclear Overhauser effect
nucleic acid testing NOESY nuclear Overhauser effect
Nbs2 Ellman’s reagent; 5,5′-dithiobis spectroscopy
(2-nitrobenzene acid) NOHA  Nw-hydroxy-l-arginine
NBD nucleotide-binding domain NORs specific chromosomal sites of
NBD-PyNCS 4-(3-isothiocyanato pyrrolidin-1-yl)- nuclear reformulation
7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole NOS nitric oxide synthetase
NBE new biological entity iNOS inducible oxide synthetase
NBS  N-bromosuccinimide NPC nuclear pore complex
NBT nitroblue tetrazolium pNPP  p-nitrophenyl phosphate
NCBI National Center for Biotechnology NSAID nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug(s)
Information NSF  N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor;
NCE new chemical entity National Science Foundation;
NCED 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion
ncRNA noncoding RNA Nt, nt nucleotide
NDA New Drug Application NTA nitriloacetic acid
n-DAMO nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane NTPDases nucleoside triphosphate diphospho-
oxidation hydrolases; also known as apyrases,
NDB nucleic acid databank E-ATPases
NDMA  N-methyl-d-aspartate NuSAP nucleolar spindle-associated protein
NDSB 3-(1-pyridinio)-1-propanesulfonate OCED Organization for Economic
(nondetergent sulfobetaine) Cooperation and Development
NEM  N-ethylmaleimide OCT optical coherence tomography
NEO neopterin ODMR optically detected magnetic
NEP nucleus-encoded polymerase resonance
(RNA polymerase) ODN oligodeoxynucleotide
NeuAc  N-acetylneuraminic acid OEM original equipment manufacturer
NeuGc  N-glycolylneuraminic acid OFAGE orthogonal-field-alternation gel
NF National Formulary electrophoresis
NFAT nuclear factor of activated T cells, a OHQ 8-hydroxyquinoline
transcription factor OLED organic light emitting diode
NF-κB nuclear factor kappa B, a nuclear OMG Object Management Group
transcription factor OMIM Online Mendelian Inheritance in
NGF nerve growth factor Man (database) OMIM220100; avail-
NGFR nerve growth factor receptor able at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
NGS next generation sequencing OMP outer membrane protein; a protein
NHEJ nonhomologous end-joining family associated with membranes
NHS  N-hydroxysuccinimide OMT outer membrane transport
Ni-NTA nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid OOS out of specification
NIR near infrared OOT out-of-tolerance; out-of-trend
Another Random Scribd Document
with Unrelated Content
236 Salvages Savages
236 Sweeden Sweden
238 wampum. wampum."
240 assinged assigned
242 and and and
242 sachem sachem,
n 102 Book 1 Book I
246 remontrances remonstrances
248 Chippeway Chippewa
n 118 Tome, II Tome II
251 Irqouois Iroquois
252 lost lost.
252 Beauchamp, Beauchamp
252 Fig 3 Fig. 3
255 phenominal phenomenal
264 main land main-land
271 Fig. 1., Fig. 1,
282 it its
282 Missisippi Mississippi
286 LX LXI
287 2x Crosswell Croswell
Plate LXII 1. 2.
Plate LXIV Mound Mound.
296 tatooed tattooed
Plate LXIX Acquia Aquia
298 againstthe against the
302 many-featherd many-feathered
303 LXIII LXII
304 3 2

MODERN SPELLING OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF

SHELL SPECIES MENTIONED:
original modern
Pagenumbers
text name
Cerrithidea Cerithidea 220
219, 220 2x, 230, Plate XLVIII, 263 2x,
Cyprea Cypraea
264
Hennites Hinnites 225, 227, Plate XXXV
Lucupina Lucapina 264
silignoidens siligineoides 200
vericosus verrucosus 206
 *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ART IN SHELL OF
THE ANCIENT AMERICANS ***

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