KFOKAM POLYTECTNIQUE UNIVERSITY OF EXCELLENCE FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY .

DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND PURE MATHEMATICS

MATH 2202. CALCULUS II. TUTORIAL SHEET N° 1

EXERCISE 1. Show that every convergent sequence is bounded

n 1
EXERCISE2 Show that the sequence ( u n) n ∈N defined by un = (−1) + is divergent.
n

EXERCISE3. Consider a sequence ( u n) n ∈N of real numbers. What do you think about the

following propositions :

- If ( u n) n ∈N converges with limit l , then ( u n) n ∈N ( u2 n ) and ( u2 n +1 )n ∈N converge and have

the same limit.
- If ( u n) n ∈N ( u2 n ) and ( u2 n +1 )n ∈N converge, then ( u n) n ∈N is also convergent.
If ( u2 n ) and ( u2 n +1 )n ∈N converge and have the same limit , then ( u n) n ∈N is also
convergent with limit l ,
-

EXERCISE4.Let q be a natural number which is greater than or equal to 2. For all n ∈ N , letun

= cos ( )
2nπ
q
.

- Show that forun +q=u n for all n∈ N

- Determine unq and unq +1. Hence deduce that the sequence ( u n) n ∈N is not convergent.

1 1
Exercise 5. Let Hn = 1 + +…+ .
2 n
1 1
1. Using an integral, show that for all n , ≤∈ ( n+1 )−¿(n)≤ .
n+1 n
2. Deduce that¿ ( n+1 ) < H n< ¿(n)+1.
3. Find the limit of Hn.
4. Show that un = Hn – In(n) is positive , decreasing .
Exercise 6 : Find the limit of the following sequences. Justify the method used whenever
possible .

1 1 (−1 )n−1
1. 1; - ; ; …; ;
2 3 n
2. 2/1; 4/3.; 6/5; …2n/2n-1.
3. 0.23;0.233; 0.2333 , …0.23333…3
1 2 n−1
4. 2 + 2 +…+ 2 .
n n n
 (n+1)(n+ 3)(n+3)
5. .
n3

6. [
1+2+ …+(2 n−1) 2 n+1
n+1
−
2
. ]
n+ (−1 )n
7. n.
n−(−1 )
n+1 n +1
2 +3
8. n n ..
2 +3
9. 1/2+ 1/4 + …+1/2n
1 1 1 (−1 )n
10. 1− + − + …+ n .
3 9 27 3
11. ( √ n+1−√ n )
nsin(n !)
12. .
n 2+1
13. n2 a−√ n, a∈ R +¿.
2 2 2 1
14. Prove the formula : 1 + 2 +3 +…+ n = n (n+1)(2 n+1) . Hence deduce
6
2 2 2
1+2 +3 + …+n
lim 3 .
n→∞ n
15. Consider the sequences (an ) , (bn) where
1 1 1 1
an= 1 + + + …+ for all n∈ N and b0 = an + for all n∈ N .
1! 2! n! n!
Show that (an ) and (bn) converge and have the same limit.

Exercise 7: Problem 1.
a+b
i) Let a , b > 0. Show that √ ab ≤ .
2

ii) Prove the following inequalities (0 < a ≤ b ¿ :

a+b
a≤ ≤b and a ≤ √ ab ≤ b .
2

iii) Let a0, b0 be any two strictly positive real numbers with a0 ≤ b0. We define two
sequences
an +b n
(an ) , (bn) recursively as follows : an+1 = √ an b n , bn+1 =
2

(a) Show that an ≤ bn. for all n∈ N .

(b) Show that (bn) is a decreasing sequence.
(c) Show that (an) is an increasing sequence. Deduce that (an) and (bn) convergent
and have the same limit.
Exercise 8: Consider the function f : R ⟶ R defined by
 3
x 2 1
f(x) = + x+
9 3 9
and we define the sequence (un) by letting u0 = 0 andun +1= f(un ¿ for all n∈ N .

1. Investigate and draw the graph of the function f .

2. Show that the equation x3 – 3x +1 = 0 has a unique solution α ∈[0 ,1 /2].
3. Show that the equation f(x) = x is equivalent to the equation x3 – 3x +1 = 0 and hence
deduce that α is the unique solution of the equation f(x) = x in the interval ¿].
4. Show that the function f is increasing on R+¿ ¿ and that f ( R+¿ ¿ ⊂ R +¿¿. Hence deduce
that the sequence (un) is increasing.
5. Show that f(1/2) < ½ and hence deduce that 0 ≤un < ½ for all n ≥ 0.
6. Show that the sequence ( un) converges towards α .
Exercise 9 : Problem 2

{
1
b0 =
2
Let (bn) be the sequence defined by 3 bn for all n∈ N .
bn +1=
1+ 2b n

a) Show that for all n∈ N ., 0 < b n< 1.

b) Investigate the sequence (bn) for monotony .

c) Deduce the convergence of the sequence (bn) and find its limit.
Exercise 10 : Problem 3.

{
c 0=2
Let (cn) be the sequence defined by 5 c n−4 for all n∈ N .
c n+1=
cn

a) Show that for all n∈ N ., 1 < c n< 4 .

b) Investigate the sequence (cn) for monotony.
c) Deduce the convergence of the sequence (cn) and find its limit.
Exercise 11 : Problem 4.

Let (an) be the sequence defined by ¿ for all n∈ N .

1
d) Show that for all n∈ N ., 0 < a n< .
√2
e) Investigate the sequence (an) for monotony.
f) Deduce the convergence of the sequence (bn) and find its limit.
Exercise 12 : Problem 5.
Let a > 0. Define the sequence ( u n) n ∈N by a positive real number u0 > 0 and by the inductive
relation
1
un +1= ¿ ) for all n∈ N .
2

We intent to show that the sequence ( u n) n ∈N converges with limit √ a.

2
2 ( u2n−a )
1. Show that u n +1 −a= 2
.
4 un
2. Show that if n ≥ 1, then un ≥ √ a, and that the sequence ( u n) is decreasing.
3. Hence deduce that the sequence ( u n) converges towards √ a.
4. Using the identity u2n−1−a = ( un−1− √ a )(un−1 + √ a) find an upper bound of

un +1−√ a as a function of un −√ a.
n−1

( 2 √a )
2
k
5. If u1− √ a ≤ k and for all n ≥ 1, show thatun −√ a ≤2 √ a. .

6. Application: Find an approximation of √ 10 to 8 significant figures taking u0 =3 .