PM SHRI SCHOOL JNV SRIBHUMI

CLASS X SCIENCE (086) Total Marks : 611

ELECTRICITY

* Answer short answer questions. [3 Mark each] [309]

1. Two resistors, with resistances 5 Ω and 10 Ω respectively are to be

connected to a battery of emf 6 V so as to obtain:
(i) Minimum current flowing. (ii) Maximum current flowing.
a. How will you connect the resistances in each case?
b. Calculate the strength of the total current in the circuit in the
two cases.
Ans. :
a.
i. In series
SH
YA
ii. In parallel arrangement
SIR
AR

b. For series arrangement:

ST

R = R1 + R2 = 5 Ω + 10 Ω = 15 Ω

V 6V
I = = = 0.4A
R 15Ω

For parallel arrangement:

1 1 1 1 1 3
= + = + =
R R1 R2 5 10 10

10
∴ R = Ω
3

V 6V
I = = = 1.8 A
R 10
Ω
3

2. If the charge on an electron is 1.6 × 10 coulombs, how many

electrons should pass through a conductor in 1 second to constitute 1
ampere current?
Ans. : We know that
Q
I =
T

Q
⇒ 1A =
1s

Page 1
 ⇒ Q = 1C

Now, when charge is 1.6 × 10-19 Coulamb, number of electrone = 1

When charge is 1 Coulamb, number of electrone

1 19 18
= −1 9
= 0.625 × 10 = 625 × 10
1.6×10

3. In a household electric circuit, different appliances are connected in

parallel to one another. Give two reasons. An electrician puts a fuse
of rating 5A in that part of domestic electrical
circuit in which an electrical heater of rating 1.5kW, 220V is
operating. What is likely to happen in this case and why? What
change, if any, needs to be made?
Ans. :
1. Each appliance will be at the same potential i.e., voltage.
2. If one of the appliances fail, the others will still keep working.
Rating of fuse = 5A,
V = 220V, SH
YA
P = 1.5 kW = 1500W
Current in the circuit
SIR

P 1500
I = = = 6.8A
V 220

The current in the circuit is more than the rating of the fuse. Therefore, the fuse will
blow off. A fuse of rating of about 10A should be put in the circuit.
AR

4. You have four resistors of 8Ω. each. Show how would you connect
these resistors to have effective resistance of 8Ω.
ST

Ans. : Connect two resistors in series,the total resistance is R1 = 8 + 8 =16

then connect the other two resistors in series,the total resistance is R2 = 8 + 8 = 16

Then connect the two pairs in parallel.

that is,
let the final total be R
1 1 1
= +
R R1 R2

1 1 1
= +
R 16 16

1 2
=
R 16

R = 8

5. Aluminium wire has radius 0.25mm and length or 75m. If the

resistance of the wire is 10Ω calculate the resistivity of aluminium.

Page 2
 Ans. : Here you are asked to find the resistivity of aluminium.
Given,
L = 75cm

−5
r = 25 × 10 m

R = 10Ω

P = ?

2
CSA = πr

−5 2 2
A = 3.142 × (25 × 10 ) m

We know that
L
R = ρ
A

RA
⇒ ρ =
L
−5
(25×10 )
⇒ ρ = 10 × 3.142
75

−8
⇒ ρ = 2.6 × 10 Ωm

6. How will you connect three resistors of resistances

6Ω obtain a total n si stance of: SH 2Ω, 3Ω and
YA
1. 4Ω,

2. 1Ω
SIR

Ans. :
1. Connects 2 ohms resistor in series with a parallel combinations
of 3 ohms and 6 ohms.
AR

2. Connects 2 ohms, 3 ohms, and 6 ohms in parallel.

7. Calculate the power used in the 2Ω resistor in each of the following
ST

circuits:
i. A 6V battery in series with 1Ω and 2Ω resistors.
ii. A 4V battery in parallel with 12Ω and 2Ω resistors.
Ans. :
i. V = 6 Volt, R1 = R1 = 1Ω, R2 = 2Ω

Equivalent resistance = R1 + R2 = 1 + 2 = 3Ω

V 6
Total current, I = = = 2A
R 3

Current through R2 = I2 = I = 2A

Voltage across R2 = V 2 = I2 R2 = 2 × 2 = 4

Power used in R2 = I2 V 2 = 2 × 4 = 8W

ii. V = 4Volt, R1 = 12Ω R2 = 2Ω

Voltage across R2 = V 2 = V = 4V

Page 3
 V2 4
Current across R2 = I2 = =
2
= 2A
R2

Poower used in R2 = I2 V 2 = 2 × 4 = 8W

8. Two lamps, one rated 60 W at 220 V and the other 40 W at 220 V,

are connected in parallel to the electric supply at 220 V.
a. Draw a circuit diagram to show the connections.
b. Calculate the current drawn from the electric supply.
c. Calculate the total energy consumed by the two lamps
together when they operate for one hour.
Ans. :
a.

SH
YA
b.
P
SIR

I =
V

60 W 3
I1 = = A
220 V 11

40 W 2
I2 = = A
220 V 11
AR

3 2 5
I = I1 + I2 = + = A = 0.45 A
11 11 11

c.
ST

E = P×t

= (40 W + 60 W) × 1 h = 100 Wh or 0.1 kWh

9. The electrical resistivities of four materials A, B, C and D are given

below:
−8
A − 110 × 10 Ω m

10
B − 1.0 × 10 Ω m

−8
C − 10.0 × 10 Ω m

3
D − 2.3 × 10 Ω m

Which material is:

a. Good conductor.
b. Resistor.
c. Insulator, and
d. Semiconductor

Page 4
 Ans. :
a. Good conductor = C (10 × 10-8 ohm).
b. Resistor = A (110 × 10-8 ohm).
c. Insulator = B (1 × 1010 ohm).
d. Semiconductor = D (2.3 × 103 ohm).
10. a. Write the mathematical expression for Joule's law of heating.
b. Compute the heat generated while transferring 96000
coulomb of charge in two hours through a potential difference
of 40V.
Ans. :
a. The mathematical expression of the Joules Law of heating is:
H = I2 Rt

SH
Here, H is a heating effect, I is the current flowing through the device, and t is the

time taken

b.
YA
Given,
Amount of charge transferred = 96000C
SIR

Time taken = 2hrs = 2 × 60 × 60sec

= 7200sec

Potential difference = 40V

AR

Heat generated = V × i × t
And we know that;
ST

Q
i =
t

So, H = VQ
= 40 × 96000

= 3.84 × 106 J.

11. A resistor of 8 ohms is connected in parallel with another resistor X.

The resultant resistance of the combination is 4.8 ohms. What is the
value of the resistor X?
Ans. : Given:
A resistor of 8ohm is connected in parallel with a resistor of x.

And resultant is 4.8.

Then X = ?
We know that for parallel case

Page 5
 1 1 1
= +
R R1 X

1 1.8 1
= +
4.8 x

1 1 1
− =
4.8 8 x

After solving we get that

X = 12 ohms.

12. Calculate the area of cross-section of a wire if its length is 1.0m, its
resistance is 23Ω and the resistivity of the material of the wire is
1.84 × 10Ω m.

Ans. : I = 1.0m
R = 23 ohm
−6
ρ = 1.84 × 10 ohm-meter

We have
I
R = ρ

SH
A

−6 1
23 = 1.84 × 10 ×
A
−6
1.84×10
A =
23
YA
−6 2
= 0.08 × 10 m

−8 2
= 8 × 10 m
SIR

13. What will be the resistance of a metal wire of length 2 metres and
area of cross-section 1.55 × 10m , if the resistivity of the metal be
2.8 × 10 m?
AR

Ans. : I = 2m
A = 1.55 × 10-6 m2
ST

P = 2.8 × 10-8 m
I
R = P
A

−8 2
= 2.8 × 10 ×
−6
1.55×10

0.036Ω

14. If the length of a wire is halved and its cross-sectional area is

doubled, then what would be the resistance of the wire? (Given,
initially the resistance of the wire is R)
Ans. : The formula of resistance is: R =
ρ×I

Where, ρ = resistivity
I = Length of the conductor
A = Area of the conductor

Page 6
 1
If length of the conductor is halved then, I1 =
2

And, the cross sectional area is doubled, A1 = 2A

ρ×I1
∴ R1 =
A1

ρ×I1
R1 =
A1
1
ρ×
2
R1 =
A1

1 ρ×I
R1 = ×
4 A
ρ×
Now, = R
A

R
∴ R1 =
4

Thus, we can conclude that the new resistance of the wire when the area of wire is
doublead and length is haved become the initial resistance.

15. A V-1 graph for a nichrome wire is given below. What do you infer
from this graph? Draw a labelled circuit diagram to obtain such a
graph.

SH
YA
SIR
AR
ST

Ans. :
The graph between V & I is a straight line.

So we can conclude that Current flowing through the wire is directly proportional to the
potential difference V across it.
The resistance of the wire can be calculated as,
V
R =
I

0.4
= = 4Ω
0.1

We can also conclude that nichrome wire has a constant value of the resistance as 4Ω.

Nichrome wire follows ohm's law thus it behaves as an ohmic conductor.

Page 7
 The circuit diagram corresponding to the above graph is as shown below.

16. In the circuit shown below, the voltmeter reads 10V.

a. What is the combined resistance?

b. What current flows?
c. What is the p.d. across 2Ω resistor?
d.
Ans. : I = 6V
What is the p.d. across
SH
3Ω resistor?
YA
R1 = 2Ω, R2 = 3Ω

Combined resistance, Rtot = 2 + 3 = 5

SIR

V 10
I = = = 2A
Rt o t 5

p.d. across 2Ω resistor = I × R1 = 2 × 2 = 4V.

p.d. across 3Ω resistor = I × R2 = 2 × 3 = 6V.

AR

17. An electric bulb is rated as 10W, 220V. How many of these bulbs can
ST

be connected in parallel across the two wires of 220V supply line if

the maximum current which can be drawn is 5A?
Ans. : P = 10W, V = 220V, I = 5A
We know that

P = VI
= 220 X 5
P = 1100W

Power of one bulb = 10W

1100
Total no. of bulbs that can be connected = = 110
10

18. In which of the following cases more electrical energy is consumed

per hour?
i. A current of 1 ampere passed through a resistance of 300
ohms.

Page 8
 ii. A current of 2 amperes passed through a resistance of 100
ohms.
Ans. :
i. R = 300 ohm, I = 1A, t = 1h
P = I2 R = 12 × 300 = 300W

E = P × t = 300 × 1 = 300Wh

ii. R = 100 ohm, I = 2A, t = 1h

P = I2 R = 22 × 100 = 400W
E = P × t = 400 × 1 = 400Wh
Hence, in case (ii), the electrical energy consumed per hour is more.

19. The near point of the eye of a person is 50cm. Find the nature and
power of the corrective lens required by the person to enable him to
see clearly the objects placed at 25cm. from the eye.
Ans. : Near point of Hypermetropia eye = 50cm.
Book placed at, u = -25cm.
SH
YA
Convex lens/ converging lens It will form a virtual image of the abject at near point of

defective eye.
SIR

V = -50cm
Lens formula,
1 1 1
= −
AR

f v u

1 1 1 1
= − =
f (−50) (−25) 50

f = 50cm or 0.50m
ST

1 1
p = = = +2D.
f 0.5

20. For the circuit shown in the diagram below:

What is the value of : Current through 6Ω

resistor? Potential difference across 12Ω resistor?

Ans. : As per the circuit
V = 4V
Total resistance in line 1 = R1 = 6 + 3 = 3 ohm

Total resistance in line 2 = R2 = 12 + 3 = 15 ohm

Page 9
 =V 4
Current through 6Ω resistor = current through line 1 = = = 0.44Ω
R1 9

p.d. across line 2 is 4V

V 4
current through line 2 = = Ω
R2 15

4
p.d. across 12Ω resistor = × 12 = 3.2V
15

21. i. Write Joule’s law of heating.

ii. Two lamps, one rated 100W; 220V, and the other 60W; 220V,
are connected in parallel to electric mains supply. Find the
current drawn by two bulbs from the line, if the supply voltage
is 220V.
Ans. :
i. According to Joule’s law of heating, heat produced in a wire is
directly proportional to,
a. Square of current (I2)
b.
c.
Resistance of wire (R)
SH
Time (t), for which current is passed
YA
Thus,

H = I2 × R × t … (Joule’s law of heating)

SIR

ii. Current drawn from the first lamp is given by,

P1 = V × I1

P1 100
∴ I1 = = = 0.45A
AR

V 220

Current drawn from the second lamp is given by,

P2 = V × I2
ST

P2 60
∴ I2 = = = 0.27A
V 220

Thus the total current drawn by two lamps from the line,

which are connected in parallel to each other for supply voltage 220V is,
I = I1 + I2 = 0.45 + 0.27 = 0.72A

22. Define resistance. Write the SI unit of resistance and define it. Match
the correct range of resistivity with the materials given.
a. Conductors (i) 10-6Nm
b. Alloys (ii) 1012 to 10
17
Ω

c. Insulators (iii) 10-6 to 10-8 m

Ans. : Electrical resistance of a conductor may be considered as a measure of the

opposition offered by it for the flow of electric charge through it. SI unit of resistance is

Page 10
 ohm.

a. Conductors — 10
−6
to 10
−8
Ω

b. Alloys — 10
−6
Ω

c. Insulators— 10
12
to 10
17
Ωm.

23. A wire of given material having length l and area of cross-section A,

has a resistance of 2Ω . Find the resistance of another wire of same
material having length 2l and are of cross-section
A

2
.
Ans. : Let the resistivity of the material is s. now
Its length is given = l

Area of cross section = A

Resistan a = 4Ω

We know

R = s
1

Now in case = ii
SH
YA
Resistance = s

Lenght = 21
SIR

A
Area of section= 2

So,
1
Resistance= p [p is constant]
AR

For firest wire length = l and area of cross section = a

p
Resistance = = 4ohm [given]
ST

A
For second wire lenght = 2L and area of cross section =
2

A
Resistance = p 2L
2

L
= P
A

L L
= P [p = 4ohm]
A a

= 4ohm

The resistance of second wire = 4 ohm.

24. The electrical resistivities of five substances A, B, C, D and E are

given below:
−8
B 110 × 10 Ω m

−8
C 2.60 × 10 Ω m

−8
D 10.0 × 10 Ω m

−8
E 1.70 × 10 Ω m

Page 11
 Ans. :
a. E is best conductor of electricity due to its least electrical
resistivity.
b. C, because its resistivity is lesser than that of A.
c. B, because it has the highest electrical resistivity.
d. C and E, because of their low electrical resistivities.
25. Bulb is rated at 200V, 100W. Calculate its resistance. Five such bulbs
are lighted for 4 hours daily. Calculate the units of electrical energy
consumed per day. What would be the cost of
using these bulbs per day at the rate of Rs. 4.00 per unit?
Ans. : Using,P = V2

V2
we get R =
P

2
= 200

SH
100

= 400

Energy consumed = P × t
YA
= 100 × 4

= 400 Wh
SIR

= 0.4kWh

Cost at the rate of 50 paise per unit = Rs (4 × 0.4)

= Rs 1.6
AR

26. A piece of wire of resistance 20Ω is drawn out so that its length is
increased to twice its original length. Calculate the resistance of the
ST

wire in the new situation.

Ans. : We know that the resistance of a conductor is given by:
1
R = ρ = 20Ω
A

Where ρ = resistivity

l = length of the conductor

A = area of cross-section of the conductor

Now the length is increased to twice the original length. Then let the new resistance be

denoted by R'.
′ 2I 1
R = ρ = 4ρ
A
A
2

′
R = 4R = 4 × 20 = 80Ω

Thus, the new resistance will become four times.

Page 12
27. What will be the length of a nichrome wire resistance 5.0Ω if the
length of similar wire of 120cm has resistance of 2.5Ω ? Why?
Ans. : Here,
I2 = 120cm = 1.2cm

R1 5.0Ω

R2 2.5Ω
I
1
ρ×
R1 A
∴ =
I
R2 2
ρ×
A

R1 I1 I1
= =
R2 I2 −2
120×10

5.0 I1
= −2
2.5 120×10
−2
I1 2 × 120 × 10 m

−1
I1 = 24 × 10 m

∴ I1 = 240cm

SH
28. Draw a circuit diagram of an electric circuit containing a cell, a key,
an ammeter, a resistor of 2Ω in series with a combination of two
YA
resistors (4Ω each) in parallel and a voltmeter across the parallel
combination. Will the potential difference across the 2Ω resistor be
SIR

the same as that across the parallel combination of 4Ω resistors?

Give reason.
Ans. :
AR
ST

Equivalent resistance of two resistors (4Ω each) connected in parallel is given by

1 1 1 1
= + = or R = 2Ω
R 4 4 2

Therefore, the above circuit can be redrawn as given below:

Therefore, potential difference across 2Ω resistor will be same; as that of across the

parallel combination of 4Ω resistors. V = IR.

As R and I in both the cases is same so V = same.

29. Calculate the cost of operating a heater of 500W for 20hours at the
rate of? ₹3.90 per unit.

Page 13
 Ans. : Given P = 500W = 0.5KW, t = 20hr
We know that

Energy consumed = P × t = 0.5 × 20

= 10KWh

Total cost = 10 × cost per unit

cost per unit = Rs. 3.9 per unit

Therefore, total cost = 10 × 3.9 = Rs. 39

30. You are given one hundred 1Ω resister. What is the smallest and
largest resistance you can make in a circuit using these?
Ans. : Given: n = 100, R = 1 ohm
For obtaining the smallest resistance, these resistance are connected in parallel:
1 1 1 100
Equivalent resistance = + + . . . .100 times =
1 1 1 1

1
Req = = 0.01 ohm

SH
100

For obtaining the largest resistance, these are connected in series:

Equivalent reisistance = 1 + 1 + 1 .........100 Times = 100

YA
Req = 100 ohm

31. Calculate the resistance of an aluminium cable of length 10km and

SIR

diameter 2.0mm if the resistivity of aluminium is 2.7 × 10Ω m.

Ans. : I = 10km = 10000m

AR

d = 2mm

r = 1mm = 10-3 m
ST

−8
ρ = 2.7 × 10 Ω m

I
R = ρ
A

−8 10000
= 2.7 × 10 × 2
−3
3.14×(10 )

2
= 0.859 × 10 Ω

= 86Ω

32. Show how you would connect two 4 ohm resistors to produce a
combined resistance of:
a. 2 ohms.
b. 8 ohms.
Ans. : By connecting in parallel: Since equivalent resistance will be
1 1 1 2 1
= + = =
R 4 4 4 2

Therefore. R = 2 ohm

Page 14
 By connecting in series: since equilaent resistance will be R = 4 ohm + 4 ohm = 8 ohm.

33. Calculate the work done in moving a charge of 4 coulombs from a

point at 220 volts to another point at 230 volts.
Ans. : V1 = 220 V, V2 = 230V, Charge moved = 4C
Thus, the potential difference = V 2 - V 1 = 230 - 220 =10.

We know that,
Work done = Potential difference × Charge moved

= 10 × 4

Work done = 40 joules.

34. A p.d. of 6V is applied to two resistors of 3Ω and 6Ω connected in

parallel. Calculate:
The combined resistance. The current flowing in the main circuit. The
current flowing in the resistor.

SH
3Ω

Ans. : V = 6V,
R1 = 3 ohm, R2 = 6 ohm (in parallel)
YA
1 1 1
Combined resistance, = +
R R1 R2

1 1 1 3 1
= + = =
SIR

R 3 6 6 2

R = 2 ohm
V 6
Current flowing in the main circuit, I = = = 3A
R 2
AR

V 6
Current flowing in 3 ohm resistor = = = 2A
R1 3

35. How much energy is consumed when a current of 5 amperes flows

ST

through the filament (or element) of a heater having resistance of

100 ohms for two hours? Express it in joules.
Ans. : I = 5 amp, R = 100 ohms, t = 2h
We know that
Electric energy consumed = P x t = I * I * Rt

= 25 × 100 × 2

= 5000Wh
= 5kwh

We know that 1kwh = 3.6 × 106J

Therefore, 5kwh = 5 × 3.6 × 106J = 18 × 106J.

36. A resistance of 40 ohms and one of 60 ohms are arranged in series

across 220 volt supply. Find the heat in joules produced by this
combination of resistances in half a minute.

Page 15
 Ans. : Given: R1 = 40 ohms, R2 = 60 ohms (in series), V = 220V, t = 30sec
we know that
Total resistance, R = 40 + 60 = 100 ohms

By ohm's law

V = IR
V
I =
R

220
I = = 2.2amp
100

Putting the value of I, R and t in eq. H = I2 RT

H = 2.22 × 100 × 30
H = 14520J.

37. Two resistances when connected in parallel give resultant value of 2

ohm; when connected in series the value becomes 9 ohm. Calculate
the value of each resistance.

SH
Ans. : Two resistance when connected in series, resultant value is 9 ohms.
Two resistance when connected in parallel, resultant values is 2 ohms.
YA
Let the two resistance be R1 and R2

If connected in series, then

SIR

9 = R1 + R2

R1 = 9 - R2
AR

If connected in parallel, then

1 1 1
= +
2 R1 R2

From aboves equations we get that

ST

1 (R1 +R2 )
=
2 R1 R2

1 9
=
2 (9−R2 )R2

2
9R2 − R2 = 18

2
R2 − 9R2 + 18 = 0

(R2 − 6)(R2 − 3) = 0

R2 = 6, 3

So if R2 6 ohms, then R1 = 9 - 6 = 3 ohms.

If R2 = 3 ohms, then R1 = 9 - 3 = 6 ohms.

38. A wire is 1.0m long, 0.2mm in diameter and has a resistance of 10Ω.

Calculate the resistivity of its material?

Ans. : l = 1m

Page 16
 d 0.2
r = = mm = 0.1mm = 0.0001m
2 2

R = 10 ohm

We know that,
I
R = P
A

RA
P =
I
2
10×π×(0.0001)
=
1

−8
= 31.4 × 10 Ωm

39. Several electric bulbs designed to be used on a 220 V electric supply

line, are rated 10 W. How many lamps can be connected in parallel
with each other across the two wires of 220 V line if the maximum
allowable current is 5 A?
Ans. : Resistance R1 of the bulb is given by the expression,
Supply voltage, V = 220 V

Maximum allowable current, I = 5 A

Rating of an electric bulb P = 10 watts

SH
YA
Because R = v2 / P
2
(220)
R1 = = 4840 Ω
SIR

10

According to Ohm's law,

V = IR
AR

Let R is the total resistance of the circuit for x number of electric bulbs

R = V/I
220
ST

= = 44 Ω
5

resistance of each electric bulb, R1 = 4840 Ω

1 1 1
= + +… upto x times
R R1 R2

1 1
= ×x
R R1

R1 4840
x = = = 110
R 44

40. A current of 1 ampere flows in a series circuit containing an electric

lamp and a conductor of 5Ω when connected to a 10V battery.
Calculate the resistance of the electric lamp.
Now if a resistance of 10Ω is connected in parallel with this series
combination, what change (if any) in current flowing through 5Ω
conductor and potential difference across the lamp will take place?
Give reason.
Ans. : Total resistance of circuit can be calculated as follows:

Page 17
 V 10V
R = = = 10Ω
I 1A

Since lamp and conductor are in series so resistance of lamp,

= 10Ω − 5Ω = 5Ω

The new resistance in parallel to earlier combination has same value, i.e. 10Ω as the
resistance of series combination. This means that the amount of current would be equally

divided into two branches. Hence, 0.5A current will flow through 5Ω conductor.

Now, resistance remains the same but current has become half. Using Ohm formula,
potential difference across the lamp can be calculated as follows:

V = IR = 0.5A × 5Ω = 2.5V

41. When a current of 4.0A passes through a certain resistor for 10

minutes, 2.88 × 10J of heat are produced. Calculate:
a. The power of the resistor.
b. The voltage across the resistor.

a. We have SH
Ans. : Given: I = 4 amp, t = 10min = 10 × 60 = 600 sec, H = 2.88 × 104 J
YA
K = I2 RT

28800 = 42 × R × 600
SIR

R = 3 ohm

We know that

P = I2 × R
AR

= 42 × 3
ST

P = 48W

b. V=?
We know that

V = IR

V=4×3
V = 12V

42. A 4Ω coil and a 2Ω coil are connected in parallel. What is their

combined resistance? A total current of 3A passes through the coils.
What current passes through the 2Ω coil?
Ans. : 4Ω and 2Ω coil are connected in parallel.
Combined resistance is R
1 1 1 3
= + =
R 4 2 4

4
R = Ω
3

Page 18
 V
Total current I = = 3Ω
R

V
4
= 3
3

4
V = 3× = 4V
3

V 4
Current through 2Ω coil = = = 2A
2 2

43. Calculate the resistance of a copper wire 1.0km long and 0.50mm
diameter if the resistivity of copper is 1.7 × 10Ω m.

Ans. : I = 1km = 1000m

d 0.5 −3
r = = mm = 0.25mm = 0.25 × 10 m
2 2

−8
ρ = 1.7 × 10 Ωm

I l
R = ρ = ρ 2
A πr

−8 1000
R = 1.7 × 10 × 2
= 86.6Ω
−3
3.14×(0.25×10 )

44. The electrical resistivities of four materials P, Q, R and S are given

SH
below:
−8
P 6.84 × 10 Ωm
YA
−8
Q 1.70 × 10 Ωm

15
R 1.0 × 10 Ωm
SIR

−7
S 11.0 × 10 Ωm

Which material will you use for making:

a. Heating element of electric iron.
AR

b. Connecting wires of electric iron.

c. Covering of connecting wires?
ST

Give reason for your choice in each case.

Ans. : S; because it has high resistivity of 11

10000000
ohm\ m (it is actually nichrome).
1.7
Q; because it has very low resistivity of ohm\ m (it is actually copper).
100000000

R; because it has very very high resistivity of1.0 × 100000000000000 ohm\ m (it is

actually rubber).

45. Consider the circuit given below where A, B and C are three identical
light bulbs of constant resistance.

a. List the bulbs in order of increasing brightness.

Page 19
 b. If C burns out, what will be the brightness of A now compared
with before?
c. If B burns out instead, what will be the brightness of A and C
compared with before?
Ans. :
a. C will be the brightest. Voltage will be distributed equally
between A and B, so they will have equal brightness but lesser
than that of C.
b. A gets the same voltage as before, so its brightness remains the
same.
c. If B burns put, A will also stop glowing because it is connected in
series with B. However, brightness of C remains the same.
46. An electric iron is connected to the mains power supply of 220V.

SH
When the electric iron is adjusted at ‘minimum heating’ it consumes
a power of 360W but at ‘maximum heating’ it takes a power of
840W. Calculate the current and resistance in each case.
YA
Ans. : Given: V = 220V, Pmin = 360W, Pmax = 840W
SIR

For minimum heating case:

We know that

Pmin = VI
AR

360 = 220XI
I = 1.63 amp
ST

V
R =
I

220
R =
1.63

R = 134.96 ohms

For maximum heating case:

We know that
Pmax = VI

840 = 220XI

I = 3.81 amp
V
R =
I

220
R =
3.81

R = 57.74 ohms

Page 20
47. In an experiment to study the relation between the potential
difference across a resistor and the current through it, a student
recorded the following observations:
Potential Difference V(volts) Current I(amperes)
1.0 0.1
2.2 0.2
3.0 0.6
4.0 0.4
6.4 0.6
On examine the above observations, the teacher asked the student
to reject one set of readings as the values were out of agreement
with the rest. Which one of the above sets of
readings can be rejected? Calculate the mean value of resistance of

SH
the resistor based on the remaining four sets of readings.
Ans. : For 1st potential difference and current
YA
v=IR

1 = 0.1 × R
SIR

1
= R
0.1

R = 10
for 2nd set of observation
AR

v=IR

2.2 = 0.2 × R
ST

2.2
= R
0.2

R = 11

for 3rd set of observation

v= IR

3 = 0.6 × R
3
= R
0.6

R=5

48. Power of a lamp is 60 W. Find the energy in joules consumed by it in

1s.
Ans. : Power of Bulb = 60w.
As we know 1 unit = 1kwh = 1000wh.

it means if we run 1000 watt of load for 1 hour then it will consume 1 unit, or 1KWH.

Page 21
 Hence,
if we will run 60watt of bulb for 1hours then it will consume 60wh = 0.06kwh.

1Hr = 60min, & 1minute = 60sec.

hence 1hr = 3600sec.

So if we will run 0.06KW of load for 1sec then it will consume:

0.06
kwh
3600

= 1.67 × e − 5kwh.

Power at any instant will be 60W.

49. An electric lamp of 100 Ω, a toaster of resistance 50 Ω, and a water

filter of resistance 500 Ω are connected in parallel to a 220 V source.
What is the resistance of an electric iron connected to the same
source that takes as much current as all three appliances, and what
is the current through it?
Ans. : Here, voltage (V) = 220 V
R1 = 100 Ω, R2 = 50 Ω and R3 = 500 Ω SH
YA
1 1 1 1
= + +
R R1 R2 R3

1 1 1 1 16
= + + =
R 100 50 500 500
SIR

500
R = = 31.25 Ω
16

The resistance of electric iron, which draws as much current as all three appliances take

together = R = 31.25Ω.
AR

V 220
Current passing through electric iron (I) = = = 7.04A.
R 31.25

50. A resistor has a resistance of 176 ohms. How many of these resistors
ST

should be connected in parallel so that their combination draws a

current of 5 amperes from a 220 volt supply line?
Ans. : I = 5A
V = 220V
V 220
R = = = 44Ω
I 5

Required resistance is less that 176Ω, so the resistor should be connected in parallel.

Let the required no. be n.

176
Req = = 44
n

176
n = = 4
44

51. a. State the relation correlating the electric current flowing in a

conductor and the voltage applied across it. Also draw a graph
to show this relationship.

Page 22
 b. Find the resistance of a conductor if the electric current
flowing through it is 0.35A when the potential difference
across it is 1.4V.
Ans. :
a. Vα I or
V

I
= Constant

Or V = 1R

b. given I = 0.35A,
V = 1.4V

R =

=
1.4
V

I
SH
YA
0.35

′
= 4. Ω

52. What is (a) the highest, (b) the lowest total resistance that can be
SIR

secured by combinations of four coils of resistance 4Ω, 8Ω, 12Ω,

24Ω?
Ans. :
AR

a. To obtain highest resistance, all the four resistances must be

connected in series arrangement. In that case resultant
ST

R = R1 + R2 + R3

= 4 + 8 + 12 + 24 = 48Ω

b. To obtain lowest resistance, all the four resistance must be

connected in parallel arrangement.
1 1 1 1
= + +
R R1 R2 R3

1 1 1 1 12
+ + + = Ω
4 8 12 24 24

24
= = 2Ω
12

53. In 10s, a charge of 25C leaves a battery, and 200j of energy are
delivered to an outside circuit as a result.
a. What is the p.d. across the battery?
b. What current flows from the battery?

Page 23
 Ans. : t = 10s
Q = 25C,

Energy deliverd = work done = 200J

Work done 200
p. d. = = = 8V
Charge moved 25

Q 25
I = = = 2.5A
t 10

54. The electrical resistivities of three materials P, Q and R are given

below:
3
P 2.3 × 10 Ω m

−8
Q 2.63 × 10 Ω m

15
R 1.0 × 10 Ω m

Which material will you use for making:

a. Electric wires.
b. Handle for soldering iron, and
c. Solar cells?
Give reasons for your choices.
SH
YA
Ans. :
a. Material Q with resistivity 2.63 × 10-8 ohm-m can be used for
SIR

making electric wires because it has very low resistivity.

b. Material R with resistivity 1.0 × 1015 ohm-m can be used for
making handle of soldering iron because it has very high
AR

resistivity.
c. Material P with resistivity 2.3 × 103 ohm-m can be used for
ST

making solar cell because it is a semiconductor.

55. Show how would you join three resistors, each of resistance 9Ω so
that the equivalent resistance of the combination is:
i. 13.5Ω

ii. 6Ω

Ans. : Consider the resistors R1 , R2 and R3 each of 9Ω are connected in the circuit.
i. When one resistor is connected in series with the other two
resistors which are connected in parallel to each other, the
equivalent resistance in the circuit is,

Page 24
 1 1 1 1 1 2
= + = + = = 0.22
Rp R1 R2 9 9 9

⇒ Rp = 4.5Ω

Rs = Rp + R3 = 4.5Ω + 9Ω = 13.5Ω

∴ Req = 13.5Ω

Thus, by connecting the resistors in this combination, the equivalent resistance in the

circuit, Req = 13.5Ω.

ii. When one resistor is connected in parallel with the other two
resistors which are connected in series with each other, the
equivalent resistance in the circuit is,

SH
YA
Rs = R1 + R2 = 9Ω + 9Ω = 18Ω
SIR

1 1 1 1 1
= + = + = 0.166
Rp Rs R3 18 9

⇒ Rp = 6Ω

∴ Req = 6Ω
AR

Thus, by connecting the resistors in this combination, the equivalent resistance in the

circuit, Req = 6Ω.​

ST

56. Electrical resistivities of some substances, in ohmere, at 20°C are

given as follows:
Silver 1.60 x 10-8
Copper 1.62 x 10-8
Tungsten 5.2 x 10-8
Mercury 94 x 10-8
Iron 10 x 10-8
Nichrome 10 x 10-6
a. Out of the two silver and copper, which one is better
conductor of electric current and why?

Page 25
 b. Which substance is preferred to be used for electrical
transmission lines? Give reason.
c. Name the material that you would advice to use in the heater
element of electric heating device and why?
Ans. :
a. Silver is a better conductor, lower resistivity.
b. Copper, economical/low resistivity.
c. Nichrome; Very high resistivity/ as it is an alloy, it does not
oxidize readily at high temperature.
57. A hot plate of an electric oven connected to a 220 V line has two
resistance coils A and B, each of 24 Ω resistance, which may be used
separately, in series, or in parallel. What are the currents in the three
cases?

SH
Ans. : It is given that potential difference (V) = 220 V.
Resistance of coil (A) = Resistance of coil (B) = 24 Ω
YA
i. When either coil is used separately, the circuit
V 220V
(I) = = = 9.2A.
R 24Ω
SIR

ii. When two coils are used in series total resistance

(R) = R1 + R2 = 24 + 24 = 48Ω

V 220V
Current flowing (I) = = = 4.6A.
AR

R 48Ω

iii. When two coils are joined in parallel. Total resistance

1 1
(R) = +
ST

24 24

2
= , R = 12Ω
24

V 220V
Current (I) =
R
=
12
= 18.3A.

58. Ten bulbs are connected in a series circuit to a power supply line. Ten
identical bulbs are connected in a Parallel circuit to an identical
power supply line.
a. Which circuit would have the highest voltage across each
bulb?
b. In which circuit would the bulbs be brighter?
c. In which circuit, if one bulb blows out, all others will stop
glowing
d. Which circuit would have less current in it?
Ans. :

Page 26
 a. Parallel Circuit
because all will have same voltage across them i.e. voltage of battery.

b. Parallel Circuit
because all have higher voltage across them.

c. Series Circuit
because if one bulb goes out current won't reach the next bulb.

d. Series Circuit
because Equivalent Resistance will be less and more current will be drawn in parallel
circuit.

59. If a potential difference of 10V causes a current of 2A to flow for 1

minute, how much energy is transferred?
Ans. : Given: p.d. = 10V, I = 2amp, t = 1 min = 60s.
We know that:

SH
Q
I =
T

Thus, Q = I × t.
YA
Q = × 60.

Q = 120C.
SIR

Work done = p.d. × charge moved

Work done = 120 × 10J

Work done = 1200J.

AR

60. An electric heater is connected to the 230V mains supply. A current

of 8A flows through the heater.
ST

a. How much charge flows around the circuit each second?

b. How much energy is transferred to the heater each second?
Ans. : P.d. = 230V, I = 8A
Q
I =
t

Q
8 =
1

Q = 8 × 1 = 8C

So, 8C of charge flows around the circuit each secound.

Energy transfred = Work done

Work done
P.d. =
Charge moved

Work done
230 =
8

Work done = 230 × 8 = 1840J

Energy trandferred = 1840J.

Page 27
61. What is, highest, and lowest, resistance which can be obtained by
combining Com resistors having the following resistances?
4Ω, 8Ω, 12Ω, 24Ω

Ans. : For obtaining the highest resistance by combining the given resistance, we must

connect them in series.

We get,

R = 4 + 8 + 12 + 24 = 48 ohms

For obtaining the lowest resistance by combining the given resistance, we must connect
them parallel.

We get,
1 1 1 1 1
= + + +
R 4 8 12 24

On solving we get, R = 2 ohms.

62. A p.d. of 10V is needed to make a current of 0.02A flow through a

SH
wire. What p.d. is needed to make a current of 250mA flow through
the same wire?
YA
Ans. : In first case,
I = 0.02 amp, V = 10 volt
SIR

V = IR

10 = 0.02 × R
10
R = = 500 ohm
AR

0.02

In second case,

I = 250 × 10-3 amp, R = 500 ohm

ST

V = IR

V = 250 × 10 - 3 × 500

V = 125 volt.

63. What would be the effect on the resistance of a metal wire of:
a. Increasing its length?
b. Increasing its diameter?
c. Increasing its temperature?
Ans. :
a. Resistance will increase.
b. Resistance will decrease.
c. Resistance will increase.

Page 28
64. The resistors R1 , R2 , R3 and R4 in the figure given below are all
equal in value.

What would you expect the voltmeters A, B and C to read assuming

that the connecting wires in the circuit have negligible resistance?
Ans. : Req = R + R + R + R = 4R ohm
V 12 3
Total current in the circuit, I = = =
R 4R R

3
Reading of voltmeter A = Voltage across R1 = I × R1 =
R
× R = 3V

3
Reading of voltmeter B = Voltage across R2 = I × R2 =
R
× R = 3V

Reading of voltmeter C = Voltage across the series combination of R3 and R4

SH
3
= I × (R3 + R4 ) = × 2R = 6V
R

65. You are given three resistors each of 3Ω and you are asked to get all
possible values of resistance when you connect them in different
YA
combinations. How many values of resistance can you get?
Ans. : Here, R
SIR

1 = 3Ω

R2 = 3Ω

R3 = 3Ω
AR

1. Parallel combination:
R1 , R2 and R3 connected in stair like pattern one above the other.
ST

1 1 1 1
= + +
Req R1 R2 R3

1 1 1 1
= + +
Req 3 3 3

1 3
=
Req 3

1 3
= Ω
Req 3

1
= 1Ω
Req

2. Series Combination:
R1 , R2 and R3 connected in same line across the potential difference V
1
= R1 + R2 + R3
Req

1
= 3+3+3
Req

1
= 9Ω
Req

3. Mixed combination:
R1 is connected in series with the parallel combination fo R2 and R3 .

Page 29
 1 1 1
= +
Rq R2 R3

Putting the values of the resistance, we get

1 1 1 2
= + =
Rq 3 3 3

1
Thus, we get Rq
= 1.5Ω

Rs = R1 + Rp = 3 + 1.4.5Ω

Thus, the net resistance of the circuit is 405Ω

66. a. Define the term ‘volt’.

b. State the relation between work, charge and potential
difference for an electric circuit.
Calculate the potential difference between the two terminals of
a battery if 100 joules of work is required to transfer 20
coulombs of charge from one terminal of the battery to the
other.
Ans. :
a. SH
One volt is the potential difference between two points in a
YA
current carrying conductor when 1 joule of work is done to move
a charge of 1 coulomb from one point to another.
SIR

b. Work = charge x potential difference (OR W = Q × V)

W
V =
Q

100 J
V =
AR

20 C

∴ V = 5 volt

67. Which uses more energy: a 250W TV set in 1 hour or a 1200W to

ST

aster in 10 minutes?
Ans. : Case1: TV set
P = 250W = 0.25 KWh

t = 1h

Energy consumed = P × t = 0.25 × 1 = 0.25KWh

Case2: Toaster
10 1
P = 1200W = 1.2KW, t = 10min = = h
60 6

1
Energy consumed = P × t = 1.2 × ( ) = 0.2kWh
6

Thus, TV uses energy.

68. A current of 1 ampere flows in a series circuit containing an electric

lamp and a conductor of 5Ω when connected to a 10V battery.
Calculate the resistance of the electric lamp.

Page 30
 Now if a resistance of 10Ω is connected in parallel with this series
combination, what change (if any) in current flowing through 5Ω
conductor and potential difference across the lamp will take place?
Give reason.
Ans. : Total resistance of circuit can be calculated as follows:
V 10V
R = = = 10Ω
I 1A

Since lamp and conductor are in series so resistance of lamp,

= 10Ω − 5Ω = 5Ω

The new resistance in parallel to earlier combination has same value, i.e. 10Ω as the

resistance of series combination. This means that the amount of current would be equally
divided into two branches. Hence, 0.5A current will flow through 5Ω conductor.

Now, resistance remains the same but current has become half. Using Ohm formula,

potential difference across the lamp can be calculated as follows:

SH
V = IR = 0.5A × 5Ω = 2.5V

69. Draw a circuit diagram of an electric circuit containing a cell, a key,

YA
an ammeter, a resistor of 2Ω in series with a combination of two
resistors (4Ω each) in parallel and a voltmeter across the parallel
SIR

combination. Will the potential difference across the 2Ω resistor be

the same as that across the parallel combination of 4Ω resistors?
Give reason.
AR

Ans. :
ST

Equivalent resistance of two resistors (4Ω each) connected in parallel is given by

1 1 1 1
= + = or R = 2Ω
R 4 4 2

Therefore, the above circuit can be redrawn as given below:

Therefore, potential difference across 2Ω resistor will be same; as that of across the

parallel combination of 4Ω resistors. V = IR.

As R and I in both the cases is same so V = same.

Page 31
70. A resistor has a resistance of 176 ohms. How many of these resistors
should be connected in parallel so that their combination draws a
current of 5 amperes from a 220 volt supply line?
Ans. : I = 5A
V = 220V
V 220
R = = = 44Ω
I 5

Required resistance is less that 176Ω, so the resistor should be connected in parallel.
Let the required no. be n.
176
Req = = 44
n

176
n = = 4
44

71. In 10s, a charge of 25C leaves a battery, and 200j of energy are
delivered to an outside circuit as a result.
a. What is the p.d. across the battery?
b.
Ans. : t = 10s
What current flows from the battery?
SH
YA
Q = 25C,

Energy deliverd = work done = 200J

SIR

Work done 200

p. d. = = = 8V
Charge moved 25

Q 25
I = = = 2.5A
t 10

72. The electrical resistivities of three materials P, Q and R are given

AR

below:
ST

3
P 2.3 × 10 Ω m

−8
Q 2.63 × 10 Ω m

15
R 1.0 × 10 Ω m

Which material will you use for making:

a. Electric wires.
b. Handle for soldering iron, and
c. Solar cells?
Give reasons for your choices.
Ans. :
a. Material Q with resistivity 2.63 × 10-8 ohm-m can be used for
making electric wires because it has very low resistivity.
b. Material R with resistivity 1.0 × 1015 ohm-m can be used for
making handle of soldering iron because it has very high

Page 32
 resistivity.
c. Material P with resistivity 2.3 × 103 ohm-m can be used for
making solar cell because it is a semiconductor.
73. What is, highest, and lowest, resistance which can be obtained by
combining Com resistors having the following resistances?
4Ω, 8Ω, 12Ω, 24Ω

Ans. : For obtaining the highest resistance by combining the given resistance, we must

connect them in series.

We get,

R = 4 + 8 + 12 + 24 = 48 ohms

For obtaining the lowest resistance by combining the given resistance, we must connect
them parallel.

We get,

SH
1 1 1 1 1
= + + +
R 4 8 12 24

On solving we get, R = 2 ohms.

YA
74. In the circuit diagram given below, the current flowing across 5 ohm
resistor is 1 amp. Find the current flowing through the other two
SIR

resistors.
AR
ST

Ans. : Given:
1 amp current is flowing through 5ohm resistor.

We know that in case of parallel connection, the p.d. across each resistor is same and is

equal to the voltage applied.

Therefore, applied voltage, V = IR = 1 × 5 = 5V

So,
V 5
Current through 4 ohm resistor = =
4
= 1.25A
R

V 5
Current through 10 ohm resistor = = = 0.5A
R 10

75. A p.d. of 10V is needed to make a current of 0.02A flow through a

wire. What p.d. is needed to make a current of 250mA flow through
the same wire?

Page 33
 Ans. : In first case,
I = 0.02 amp, V = 10 volt

V = IR

10 = 0.02 × R
10
R = = 500 ohm
0.02

In second case,

I = 250 × 10-3 amp, R = 500 ohm

V = IR

V = 250 × 10 - 3 × 500

V = 125 volt.

76. The resistors R1 , R2 , R3 and R4 in the figure given below are all
equal in value.

SH
YA
What would you expect the voltmeters A, B and C to read assuming
that the connecting wires in the circuit have negligible resistance?
SIR

Ans. : Req = R + R + R + R = 4R ohm

V 12 3
Total current in the circuit, I =
R
=
4R
=
R
AR

3
Reading of voltmeter A = Voltage across R1 = I × R1 =
R
× R = 3V

3
Reading of voltmeter B = Voltage across R2 = I × R2 =
R
× R = 3V

Reading of voltmeter C = Voltage across the series combination of R3 and R4

ST

3
= I × (R3 + R4 ) = × 2R = 6V
R

77. Which uses more energy: a 250W TV set in 1 hour or a 1200W to

aster in 10 minutes?
Ans. : Case1: TV set
P = 250W = 0.25 KWh
t = 1h

Energy consumed = P × t = 0.25 × 1 = 0.25KWh

Case2: Toaster
10 1
P = 1200W = 1.2KW, t = 10min = 60
=
6
h

1
Energy consumed = P × t = 1.2 × (
6
) = 0.2kWh

Thus, TV uses energy.

Page 34
78. What possible values of resultant resistance one can get by
combining two resistances, one of value 2 ohm and the other 6 ohm?
Ans. : R1 = 2 ohm, R2 = 6 ohm
Case I: (parallel combination)
1 1 1
= +
R R1 R2

1 1 1 4
= + =
R 2 6 6

6
R = = 1.5 ohm
4

CaseII: (Series combination)

R = R1 + R2 = 2 + 6 = 8ohm

79. How will you connect three resistors of resistances 2Ω, 3Ω and
6Ω obtain a total n si stance of:
1. 4Ω,

2. 1Ω

Ans. :
1.
SH
Connects 2 ohms resistor in series with a parallel combinations
YA
of 3 ohms and 6 ohms.
2. Connects 2 ohms, 3 ohms, and 6 ohms in parallel.
SIR

80. Calculate the power used in the 2Ω resistor in each of the following
circuits:
i. A 6V battery in series with and resistors.
AR

1Ω 2Ω

ii. A 4V battery in parallel with 12Ω and 2Ω resistors.

Ans. :
ST

i. V = 6 Volt, R1 = R1 = 1Ω, R2 = 2Ω

Equivalent resistance = R1 + R2 = 1 + 2 = 3Ω

V 6
Total current, I =
R
=
3
= 2A

Current through R2 = I2 = I = 2A

Voltage across R2 = V 2 = I2 R2 = 2 × 2 = 4

Power used in R2 = I2 V 2 = 2 × 4 = 8W

ii. V = 4Volt, R1 = 12Ω R2 = 2Ω

Voltage across R2 = V 2 = V = 4V
V2 4
Current across R2 = I2 = = = 2A
R2 2

Poower used in R2 = I2 V 2 = 2 × 4 = 8W

81. The electrical resistivities of four materials A, B, C and D are given

below:

Page 35
 −8 10 −8
A − 110 × 10 Ω m B − 1.0 × 10 Ω m C − 10.0 × 10 Ω m

D − 2.3 × 10 Ω m
3
Which material is:
a. Good conductor.
b. Resistor.
c. Insulator, and
d. Semiconductor
Ans. :
a. Good conductor = C (10 × 10-8 ohm).
b. Resistor = A (110 × 10-8 ohm).
c. Insulator = B (1 × 1010 ohm).
d. Semiconductor = D (2.3 × 103 ohm).
82. A resistor of 8 ohms is connected in parallel with another resistor X.

SH
The resultant resistance of the combination is 4.8 ohms. What is the
value of the resistor X?
YA
Ans. : Given:
A resistor of 8ohm is connected in parallel with a resistor of x.
SIR

And resultant is 4.8.

Then X = ?

We know that for parallel case

AR

1 1 1
= +
R R1 X

1 1.8 1
= +
4.8 x
ST

1 1 1
− =
4.8 8 x

After solving we get that

X = 12 ohms.

83. Calculate the area of cross-section of a wire if its length is 1.0m, its
resistance is 23Ω and the resistivity of the material of the wire is
1.84 × 10Ω m.

Ans. : I = 1.0m
R = 23 ohm
−6
ρ = 1.84 × 10 ohm-meter

We have
I
R = ρ
A

−6 1
23 = 1.84 × 10 ×
A

Page 36
 −6
1.84×10
A =
23

−6 2
= 0.08 × 10 m

−8 2
= 8 × 10 m

84. What will be the resistance of a metal wire of length 2 metres and
area of cross-section 1.55 × 10m , if the resistivity of the metal be
2.8 × 10 m?
Ans. : I = 2m
A = 1.55 × 10-6 m2

P = 2.8 × 10-8 m
I
R = P
A

−8 2
= 2.8 × 10 ×
−6
1.55×10

0.036Ω

85. In the circuit shown below, the voltmeter reads 10V.

SH
YA
SIR

a. What is the combined resistance?

b. What current flows?
AR

c. What is the p.d. across 2Ω resistor?

d. What is the p.d. across 3Ω resistor?
ST

Ans. : I = 6V
R1 = 2Ω, R2 = 3Ω

Combined resistance, Rtot = 2 + 3 = 5

V 10
I = = = 2A
Rt o t 5

p.d. across 2Ω resistor = I × R1 = 2 × 2 = 4V.

p.d. across 3Ω resistor = I × R2 = 2 × 3 = 6V.

86. An electric bulb is rated as 10W, 220V. How many of these bulbs can
be connected in parallel across the two wires of 220V supply line if
the maximum current which can be drawn is 5A?
Ans. : P = 10W, V = 220V, I = 5A
We know that

P = VI

Page 37
 = 220 X 5

P = 1100W
Power of one bulb = 10W
1100
Total no. of bulbs that can be connected = = 110
10

87. In which of the following cases more electrical energy is consumed

per hour?
i. A current of 1 ampere passed through a resistance of 300
ohms.
ii. A current of 2 amperes passed through a resistance of 100
ohms.
Ans. :
i. R = 300 ohm, I = 1A, t = 1h
P = I2 R = 12 × 300 = 300W

ii.
E = P × t = 300 × 1 = 300Wh
SH
R = 100 ohm, I = 2A, t = 1h
YA
P = I2 R = 22 × 100 = 400W

E = P × t = 400 × 1 = 400Wh
SIR

Hence, in case (ii), the electrical energy consumed per hour is more.

88. For the circuit shown in the diagram below:

AR
ST

What is the value of : Current through 6Ω

resistor? Potential difference across 12Ω resistor?

Ans. : As per the circuit
V = 4V

Total resistance in line 1 = R1 = 6 + 3 = 3 ohm

Total resistance in line 2 = R2 = 12 + 3 = 15 ohm

=V 4
Current through 6Ω resistor = current through line 1 =
R1
=
9
= 0.44Ω

p.d. across line 2 is 4V

V 4
current through line 2 =
R2
=
15
Ω

4
p.d. across 12Ω resistor = × 12 = 3.2V
15

Page 38
89. The electrical resistivities of five substances A, B, C, D and E are
given below:
−8
B 110 × 10 Ω m

−8
C 2.60 × 10 Ω m

−8
D 10.0 × 10 Ω m

−8
E 1.70 × 10 Ω m

Ans. :
a. E is best conductor of electricity due to its least electrical
resistivity.
b. C, because its resistivity is lesser than that of A.
c. B, because it has the highest electrical resistivity.
d. C and E, because of their low electrical resistivities.
90. Calculate the cost of operating a heater of 500W for 20hours at the
rate of? ₹3.90 per unit.
Ans. : Given P = 500W = 0.5KW, t = 20hr
SH
YA
We know that

Energy consumed = P × t = 0.5 × 20

SIR

= 10KWh
Total cost = 10 × cost per unit
AR

cost per unit = Rs. 3.9 per unit

Therefore, total cost = 10 × 3.9 = Rs. 39

ST

91. You are given one hundred 1Ω resister. What is the smallest and
largest resistance you can make in a circuit using these?
Ans. : Given: n = 100, R = 1 ohm
For obtaining the smallest resistance, these resistance are connected in parallel:
1 1 1 100
Equivalent resistance = + + . . . .100 times =
1 1 1 1

1
Req =
100
= 0.01 ohm

For obtaining the largest resistance, these are connected in series:

Equivalent reisistance = 1 + 1 + 1 .........100 Times = 100

Req = 100 ohm

92. Calculate the resistance of an aluminium cable of length 10km and

diameter 2.0mm if the resistivity of aluminium is 2.7 × 10Ω m.

Page 39
 Ans. : I = 10km = 10000m
d = 2mm

r = 1mm = 10-3 m
−8
ρ = 2.7 × 10 Ω m

I
R = ρ
A

−8 10000
= 2.7 × 10 × 2
−3
3.14×(10 )

2
= 0.859 × 10 Ω

= 86Ω

93. Show how you would connect two 4 ohm resistors to produce a
combined resistance of:
a. 2 ohms.
b. 8 ohms.
Ans. : By connecting in parallel: Since equivalent resistance will be
1

R
=
1

4
+
1

Therefore. R = 2 ohm
=
2

4
=
1

2
SH
YA
By connecting in series: since equilaent resistance will be R = 4 ohm + 4 ohm = 8 ohm.

94. Calculate the work done in moving a charge of 4 coulombs from a

SIR

point at 220 volts to another point at 230 volts.

Ans. : V1 = 220 V, V2 = 230V, Charge moved = 4C
AR

Thus, the potential difference = V 2 - V 1 = 230 - 220 =10.

We know that,
ST

Work done = Potential difference × Charge moved

= 10 × 4

Work done = 40 joules.

95. A p.d. of 6V is applied to two resistors of 3Ω and 6Ω connected in

parallel. Calculate:
The combined resistance. The current flowing in the main circuit. The
current flowing in the 3Ω resistor.
Ans. : V = 6V,
R1 = 3 ohm, R2 = 6 ohm (in parallel)
1 1 1
Combined resistance, R
=
R1
+
R2

1 1 1 3 1
= + = =
R 3 6 6 2

R = 2 ohm

Page 40
 V 6
Current flowing in the main circuit, I =
R
=
2
= 3A

V 6
Current flowing in 3 ohm resistor =
R1
=
3
= 2A

96. How much energy is consumed when a current of 5 amperes flows

through the filament (or element) of a heater having resistance of
100 ohms for two hours? Express it in joules.
Ans. : I = 5 amp, R = 100 ohms, t = 2h
We know that

Electric energy consumed = P x t = I * I * Rt

= 25 × 100 × 2

= 5000Wh

= 5kwh
We know that 1kwh = 3.6 × 106J

Therefore, 5kwh = 5 × 3.6 × 106J = 18 × 106J.

SH
97. A resistance of 40 ohms and one of 60 ohms are arranged in series
across 220 volt supply. Find the heat in joules produced by this
YA
combination of resistances in half a minute.
Ans. : Given: R1 = 40 ohms, R2 = 60 ohms (in series), V = 220V, t = 30sec
SIR

we know that

Total resistance, R = 40 + 60 = 100 ohms

By ohm's law
AR

V = IR
V
I =
ST

220
I = = 2.2amp
100

Putting the value of I, R and t in eq. H = I2 RT

H = 2.22 × 100 × 30

H = 14520J.

98. Two resistances when connected in parallel give resultant value of 2

ohm; when connected in series the value becomes 9 ohm. Calculate
the value of each resistance.
Ans. : Two resistance when connected in series, resultant value is 9 ohms.
Two resistance when connected in parallel, resultant values is 2 ohms.

Let the two resistance be R1 and R2

If connected in series, then

9 = R1 + R2

Page 41
 R1 = 9 - R2

If connected in parallel, then

1 1 1
= +
2 R1 R2

From aboves equations we get that

1 (R1 +R2 )
=
2 R1 R2

1 9
=
2 (9−R2 )R2

2
9R2 − R2 = 18

2
R2 − 9R2 + 18 = 0

(R2 − 6)(R2 − 3) = 0

R2 = 6, 3

So if R2 6 ohms, then R1 = 9 - 6 = 3 ohms.

If R2 = 3 ohms, then R1 = 9 - 3 = 6 ohms.

99. When a current of 4.0A passes through a certain resistor for 10

a.
SH
minutes, 2.88 × 10J of heat are produced. Calculate:
The power of the resistor.
YA
b. The voltage across the resistor.

Ans. : Given: I = 4 amp, t = 10min = 10 × 60 = 600 sec, H = 2.88 × 104 J

SIR

a. We have
K = I2 RT
AR

28800 = 42 × R × 600

R = 3 ohm
ST

We know that

P = I2 × R

= 42 × 3

P = 48W

b. V=?
We know that

V = IR

V=4×3

V = 12V

100. Calculate the resistance of a copper wire 1.0km long and 0.50mm
diameter if the resistivity of copper is 1.7 × 10Ω m.

Page 42
 Ans. : I = 1km = 1000m
d 0.5 −3
r = = mm = 0.25mm = 0.25 × 10 m
2 2

−8
ρ = 1.7 × 10 Ωm

I l
R = ρ = ρ 2
A πr

−8 1000
R = 1.7 × 10 × 2
= 86.6Ω
−3
3.14×(0.25×10 )

101. The electrical resistivities of four materials P, Q, R and S are given

below:
−8
P 6.84 × 10 Ωm

−8
Q 1.70 × 10 Ωm

15
Which material will you use for making:
R 1.0 × 10 Ωm

−7
S 11.0 × 10 Ωm

a. Heating element of electric iron.

b.
SH
Connecting wires of electric iron.
c. Covering of connecting wires?
Give reason for your choice in each case.
YA
Ans. : S; because it has high resistivity of 11

10000000
ohm\ m (it is actually nichrome).
1.7
SIR

Q; because it has very low resistivity of ohm\ m (it is actually copper).

100000000

R; because it has very very high resistivity of1.0 × 100000000000000 ohm\ m (it is

actually rubber).
AR

102. Consider the circuit given below where A, B and C are three identical
light bulbs of constant resistance.
ST

a. List the bulbs in order of increasing brightness.

b. If C burns out, what will be the brightness of A now compared
with before?
c. If B burns out instead, what will be the brightness of A and C
compared with before?
Ans. :
a. C will be the brightest. Voltage will be distributed equally
between A and B, so they will have equal brightness but lesser
than that of C.

Page 43
 b. A gets the same voltage as before, so its brightness remains the
same.
c. If B burns put, A will also stop glowing because it is connected in
series with B. However, brightness of C remains the same.
103. A 4Ω coil and a 2Ω coil are connected in parallel. What is their
combined resistance? A total current of 3A passes through the coils.
What current passes through the 2Ω coil?
Ans. : 4Ω and 2Ω coil are connected in parallel.
Combined resistance is R
1 1 1 3
= + =
R 4 2 4

4
R = Ω
3

V
Total current I =
R
= 3Ω

V
4
= 3

SH
3

4
V = 3× = 4V
3

V 4
Current through 2Ω coil = 2
=
2
= 2A
YA
* Long answer questions [5 Mark each] [250]
SIR

104. When a 12 V battery is connected across an unknown resistor, there

is a current of 2.5 mA in the circuit. Find the value of the resistance
of the resistor.
AR

Ans. : V = IR ⇒ R =
V

12
⇒ R = = 4800 Ω = 4.8 KΩ .
ST

−3
2.5×10

105. Three resistors are connected as shown in the diagram.

Through the resistor 5 ohm, a current of 1

ampere is flowing,
i. What is the current through the other two resistors?
ii. What is the p.d. across AB and across AC?
iii. What is the total resistance?

Ans. :
According to the diagram

Page 44
 i. Total current I = 1 amp is entering the parallel combination of R1
and R. Let I1 current flows through R1 and I2 current flows
through R2
Then
IR2
I1 =
R1 +R2

1×15
= = 0.6A
10+15

IR2
I2 =
R1 +R2

1×10
= = 0.4A
10+15

ii. p.d. across AB = IR3 = 1 × 5 = 5V

Equivalent resisyance between B and C is
1 1 1 1 1
′
= + = +
R R1 R2 10 15

1 5
′
=
R 30

R' = 6 ohm

SH
Total resistance between A and C is R = 5 + 6 = 11 ohm

p.d. across AC = IR = 1 × 11 = 11V

iii. Total resistance = R3 + R' = 5 + 6 = 11 ohm.

YA
106. An electric heater which is connected to a 220V supply line has two
SIR

resistance coils A and B of 24Ω resistance each. These coils can be

used separately (one at a time), in series or in parallel. Calculate the
current drawn when:
AR

a. Only one coil A is used.

b. Coils A and B are used in series.
ST

c. Coils A and B are used in parallel.

Ans. :
a. Given V = 220V
RA = RB = 24 ohm

Current drawn when only coil A is used:

V 220
I = =
RA 24

= 9.16 amps

b. Current drawn when coils A and B are used in series:

Total resistance, R = RA + RB = 24 + 24 = 48 ohm
V 220
I = =
R 48

= 4.58 amps

c. Current drawn when coils A and B are used in parallel:

Page 45
 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
Total resistance, R
=
RA
+
RB
=
24
+
24
=
24
=
12

R = 12 ohm
V 220
I = =
R 12

= 18.33 amps

107. When a high resistance voltmeter is connected directly across a

resister its reading is 2V. An electric cell is sending the current of 0.4
A, (measured by an ammeter) in the electric circuit
in which a rheostat is also connected to vary the current.
a. Draw an equivalent labelled circuit for the given data.
b. Find the resistance of the resister.
c. Name and state the law applicable in the given case. A graph
is drawn between a set of values of potential difference (v)
across the resister and current (I) flowing through it.

SH
Show nature of graph thus obtained.
Ans. :
YA
SIR

a. .​
b. Voltmeter reading shows, V = 2 V
AR

V 2
Since, R =
I
=
0.4
= 5Ω

c. The law applicable here is the Ohm’s law.

ST

Ohm’s law states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional

to the potential difference across the conductor. The proportionality constant is the

resistance of the conductor, it is a constant for a known temperature range.

The graph obtained is a straight line with positive slope.

108. How can three resistors of resistances 2 Ω, 3 Ω, and 6 Ω be

connected to give a total resistance of (a) 4 Ω, (b) 1 Ω?
Ans. : There are three resistors of resistances 2Ω, 3Ω, and 6Ω respectively.

Page 46
 a. The following circuit diagram shows the connection of the three
resistors.

Here, 6Ω and 3Ω resistors are connected in parallel.

Therefore, their equivalent resistance will be given by

1 6×3
1 1
= = 2 Ω
6+3
+
6 3

This equivalent resistor of resistance 2Ω is connected to a 2Ω resistor in series.

Therefore, the equivalent resistance of the circuit = 2Ω + 2Ω = 4Ω

SH
Hence the total resistance of the circuit is 4Ω.

b. The following circuit diagram shows the connection of the three

resistors.
YA
SIR

All the resistors are connected in series. Therefore, their equivalent resistance will be
AR

given as.
1 1 6
= = = 1 Ω
ST

1 1 1 3 +2 +1
+ + 6
2 3 6 6

Therefore, the total resistance of the circuit is 1Ω.

109. Derive the expression for the heat produced due to a current 'l'
flowing for a time interval 't' through a resistor 'R' having a potential
difference 'V' across its ends. With which name is the
relation known? How much heat will an instrument of 12W produce
in one minute if it is connected to a battery of 12V? Study the
following electric circuit and find.
1. The current flowing in the circuit and
2. The potential difference across 10Ω resistor.

Page 47
 Ans. : we know that E =
p

also P=VI

substituting we get

E=VIt

but V=IR

substituting we get

E=IRIt

=I*Rt

This is the relation and its called joules law of heating\

P=12W

t=60 sec
SH
YA
V=12V
P=VI
SIR

p
I =
v

12
=
12

=1 A
AR

now

H=VIt
ST

=12(1)60

=12(60)

= 720 J

R = R1 = R1 + R2 =10 + 20 30Ω

V = 3V

1. From ohm's law V = IR.

3 1
3 = 1 × 30 ⇒ 1 = = Ampere or 0.1A
30 10

2. Potential difference across 10Ω reistor.

V = IR
1×10
= = 1volt.
10

110. Calculate the combined resistance in each case:

 Ans. :
a. R1 = 500 ohm, R2 = 1000 ohm
As per given figure,

R = R1 + R2 = 500 + 1000 = 1500 ohm.

b. R1 = 2 ohm, R2 = 2 ohm
As per given figure,
1 1 1
= +
R R1 R2

1 1 1
= +
R 2 2

R = 1 ohm

c. R1 = 4 ohm, R2 = 4 ohm, R3

SH
As per given figure,
1 1 1
= +
R R1 R2

1 1 1
= +
YA
R 4 4

R = 2 ohm
Total resistance = R + R3
SIR

= 2 + 3 = 5 ohm

111. a. Name an instrument that measures electric current in a

AR

circuit. Define the unit of electric current.

b. What do the following symbols mean in circuit diagrams?
i.
ST

ii.

c. An electric circuit consisting of a 0.5 m long nichrome wire XY,

an ammeter, a voltmeter, four cells of 1.5 V each and a plug
key was set up.
i. Draw a diagram of this electric circuit to study the
relation between the potential difference maintained
 between the points ‘X’ and ‘Y’ and the electric current
flowing through XY.
ii. Following graph was plotted between V and I values:

What would be the values V

I
of ratios when the potential
difference is 0.8 V, 1.2 V and 1.6 V respectively? What
conclusion do you draw from these values?
Ans. :
a. Ammeter. SH
YA
Unit is ampere: when 1 coulomb of charge flows through a conductor in 1 second

then 1 ampere of current is said to flow through it.

b.
SIR

i. Variable resistance/ Rheostat.

ii. Plug key (closed).
AR

c.
i.
ST

ii. Following graph was plotted between V and l values.

At potential difference 0.8V,

V 0.8 8
= = . . . . . (1)
I 0.3 3
 At potential difference 1.2 V,
V 1.6 8
= = . . . . . (2)
I 0.45 3

At potential difference 1.6 v,

V 1.6 8
= = . . . . . (3)
I 0.6 3

Conclusion: If i be the current through XY resistor and V be the potential

difference across.
V
It, then the radio I
= constant.

⇒ V ∝ I and Ohm's

Law is obeyed.

112. An electric bulb of resistance 20Ω and a resistance wire of 4Ω are

connected in series with a 6V battery. Draw the circuit diagram and
calculate:
a. Total resistance of the circuit.

SH
b. Current through the circuit.
c. Potential difference across the electric bulb.
d. Potential difference across the resistance wire.
YA
SIR
AR

Ans. :
a. Total resistance of the circuit = R1 + R2 = 20 + 4 = 24 ohm
ST

b. We know that
V = IR

Therefore

6 = I × 24
6
I = = 0.25amp
24

c. p.d. across bulb = IR1 = 0.25 × 20 5V

d. p.d. across resistance wire = IR2 = 0.25 × 4 1V
113. For a heater rated at 4kW and 220V, calculate:
a. The current,
b. The resistance of the heater,
c. The energy consumed in 2 hours, and
d. The cost if 1kWh is priced at ₹60.
 Ans. : Given,
P = 4Kw, V = 220V

a. I=?
Power = VI = 250 × I

4000 = 250I

I = 16amp

b. R=?
P = I2 R

P = 162 × R
4000
R = 2
16

R = 15.25 ohm

c. Energy consumed in two hour = P × t

=4×2

d.
= 8Kw - hr

If 1KWh = Rs. 4.6 SH

YA
total cost = 8 × 4.6 = Rs. 36.8

114. Show with the help of diagrams, how you would connect three
SIR

resistors each of resistance 6Ω, so that the combination has

resistance of
i. 9Ω
AR

ii. 4Ω.

Ans. :
ST

i.
Resultant resistance for parallel circuit = R
1 1 1
= +
R 6 6

1 2
=
R 6

R = 3

Effective resistance = 6 + 3 = 9 ohms

ii.
Resultant resistance for each parallel circuit = R
1 1 1 1
= + +
R 6 6 6

1 3
=
R 6

R = 2

Therefore effective resistance = 2 + 2 = 4 ohms.

115. A 2kW heater, a 200W TV and three 100W lamps are all switched on
from 6m. to 10p.m. What is the total cost at Rs.5.50per kWh?
Ans. : For heater
P = 2KW, t = 4h

E = P × t = 2 × 4 = 8KWh

For TV:
P = 200W = 0.2KW t = 4h

E = P × t = 0.2 × 4 = 0.08 KWh

Lamps:

P = 100W = 0.1KW, t = 4h, n = 3

E = n × P × t = 3 × 0.1 × 4 = 1.2 KWh

Total energy consumed = 8 + 0.8 + 1.2 = 10KWh

Cost of 1KWh = Rs. 5.50

SH
Cost of 10KWh = Rs. 5.50 × 10 = Rs. 55

116. A copper wire has diameter 0.5 mm and resistivity of 1.6 × 10–8 Ω
YA
m. What will be the length of this wire to make its resistance 10 Ω?
How much does the resistance change if the diameter is doubled?
SIR

Ans. : Area of cross-section of the wire, A = π(

d

2
)2

Diameter= 0.5 mm = 0.0005m

AR

Resistance, R = 10Ω

We know that
ST

l
R = ρ
A

RA
l =
ρ
2
0.0005
10×3.14×( )
2

=
−8
1.6×10
10×3.14×25
= = 122.72m
4×1.6

∴ length of the wire = 122.72m

if the diameter of the wire is doubled, new diameter = 2 × 0.5 = 1 mm = 0.001 m

Let new resistance be R'

′ l
R = ρ
A
−8
1.6×10 ×122.72
=
2
1 −3
π( ×10 )
2

−8
1.6×10 ×122.72×4
= −6
3.14×10

−2
= 250.2 × 10 = 2.5 Ω
117. a. What is meant by saying that the potential difference between
two points is 1 volt? Name a device that helps to measure the
potential difference across a conductor.
b. Why does the connecting cord of an electric heater not glow
hot while the heating element does?
c. Electrical resistivities of some substances at 20 C
0
are given
below:
Silver 1.60 × 10
−8
Ω m

Copper 1.62 × 10
−8
Ω m

Tungsten 5.20 × 10
−8
Ω m

Iron 10.0 × 10
−8
Ω m

Mercury 94.0 × 10
−8
Ω m

Nichrome 100 × 10
−6
Ω m

i. SH
Answer the following questions in relation to them:
Among silver and copper, which one is a better conductor?
YA
Why?
ii. Which material would you advise to be used in electrical
SIR

heating devices? Why?

Ans. :
i. When 1 joule of work is done to move a charge of 1 coulomb
AR

from one point to another.

Device - Voltmeter.
ST

ii. The heating element of the heater is made up of alloy which has
very high resistance so when current flows through the heating
element, it becomes too hot and glows red. But the resistance of
cord which is usually of copper or aluminum is very law so it
does not glow.
iii.
1. Silver is the best conductor of electricity and heat among all
metals as it has more number of free electrons in the
outermost shell. Its resistivity (1.60 × 10-8 Ωm) is less than
copper (1.62 × 10-8 Ωm). Of couse, silver is the best
conductor of electricity. Still, we find use of copper on a
 large scale in domestic wiring because silver is quite
expensive.
2. Nichrome is the best material for heating elements. It is
because the resistivity of the nichrome is more than the
resistivities of the metals used to make it and it does not
oxidise at higher temperature.
118. An electric circuit consisting of a 0.5m long nichrome wire XY, an
ammeter, a voltmeter, four cells of 1.5V each and a plug key was set
up.
i. Draw a diagram of this electric circuit to study the relation
between the potential difference maintained between the
points ‘X’ and ‘Y’ and the electric current flowing through XY.
ii. Following graph was plotted between V and I values:

SH
What would be the values of ratios when the potential difference
is 0.8V, 1.2V and 1.6V respectively? What conclusion do you
draw from these values?
YA
iii. What is the resistance of the wire?
Ans. :
SIR

i.
AR
ST

ii. Since the graph is a straight line passing through the origin, so
current is directly proportional to the potential difference.
V
Hence, the ration I
remains constant.

From graph when V = 1.5 volt, I = 0.6 amp

V 15
So, I
= −
0.6
− 25Ω

V
For p.d. 0.8V, 1.2V and 1.6V, the value of I
ratio the same i.e., 2.5 ohm.

iii. The resistance of the wire is equal to the ratio of potential

difference applied and the current passing through it.
V
R− − 25Ω
I

119. In the circuit given below:

a. What is the combined resistance?

 b. What is the p.d. across the combined resistance?
c. What is the p.d. across the 3Ω resistor?
d. What is the current in the 3Ω resistor?
e. What is the current in the 6Ω resistor?
Ans. : Total current flowing through circuit, I = 6A
R1 = 3 ohm, R2 = 6 ohm

Combined resistance R is
1 1 1
= +
R 3 6

1 3
=
R 6

R = 2 ohms

p.d. across the combined resistance = IR = 6 × 2 12V

p.d. across the 3 ohm resistor = p.d. across the combined resistance = 12V
V 12
Current flowing through the 3 ohm resistor =
R1
=
3
= 4A

SH
V 12
Current flowing through the 3 ohm resistor =
R2
=
6
= 2A

120. Two resistors, with resistances 5Ω and 10Ω respectively are to be

YA
connected to a battery of emf 6V so as to obtain:
i. Minimum current flowing.
SIR

ii. Maximum current flowing.

a. How will you connect the resistances in each case?
b. Calculate the strength of the total current in the circuit in
AR

the two cases.

Ans. : Given: Two resistors with resistances R1 = 5 ohm and R2 = 10 ohm, V = 6 volt
ST

a. For minimum current these two should be connected in series.

For maximum current these two should be connected in parallel.
b. In series,
Total resistance = 5 + 10 = 15 ohms
V 6
Therefore total current drawn = = = 0.4 amps
R 15

In parallel,

Total resistance R is given as

1 1 1
= +
R R1 R2

1 1 1
= +
R 5 10

1 3
=
R 10

10
R = ohm
3

V 6
Therefore total current drawn by the circuit = R
=
10
= 1.8 amps.
( )
3
121. Three incandescent bulbs of 100W each are connected in series in an
electric circuit. In another circuit another set of three bulbs of the
same wattage are connected in parallel to the same source.
a. Will the bulb in the two circuits glow with the same
brightness? Justify your answer.
b. Now let one bulb in both the circuits get fused. Will the rest of
the bulbs continue to glow in each circuit? Give reason.
Ans. :
a. The two situations given in questions is shown in the figure given
below:

SH
YA
Let us assume that the resistance of each bulb is R and potential difference is V

Equivalent resistance in series combination = Req = R + R + R = 3R.

SIR

Let current through each bulb in series combination be I1 .

V
Now, V = I1 × 3R ⇒ I1 =
3R

Now, power consumption across each bulb in series combination is,

AR

2
2 V
P1 = I1 (3R) = ( ) × 3R
3R
ST

2 2
V V
= × 3R = . . . . (i)
2 3R
9R

In case of parallel circuit,

Resistance of each bulb = R and

Voltage across each bulb = V

∴ Power consumption of each bulb in parallel combination is

2
V
P2 = . . . . (ii)
R

2
V
( )
3R
P1
From eq. (i) and (ii), we have, = ⇒ P2 = 3P1 .
P2 V2
( )
R

So, brightness of each bulb in parallel combination will increase. Each bulb will glow

3 times brighter to that of each bulb in series combination.

b. If one bulb gets fused in series combination then, circuit gets

broken and current stops flowing and remaining bulb don't glow.
 If one bulb gets fused in series combination then, same voltage continue to act on

the remaining voltage and hence, other bulbs continue to glow with same brightness.

122. An electric lamp of resistance 20Ω and a conductor of resistance

4Ω are connected to a 6V battery as shown in the circuit. Calculate:

a. The total resistance of the circuit,

b. The current through the circuit,
c. The potential difference across the (i) electric lamp and (ii)
conductor, and
d. Power of the lamp.

SH
YA
SIR

Ans. :
Resistance of electric lamp = 20Ω

Resistance of Conductor = 4Ω
AR

Voltage of Battery = 6V

a. The total resistance of the circuit = 20Ω + 4Ω = 24Ω

ST

b. Current in the circuit = I

Applying Ohm's law in the circuit,

V = IR

6V = I × 24Ω

6V
I = = 0.25A
24Ω

Hence current in the circuit is 0.25 Ampere.

c. Potential difference across lamp,

Vlamp = IR

Vlamp = 0.25A × 20Ω = 5V

∴ Vlamp = 5V

Potential difference across conductor,

VConductor = IR

VConductor = 0.25A × 4Ω = 1V
 ∴ VConductor = 1V

d. Power of Lamp 2
= I R = (0.25)
2
× 20 = 1.25W

123. Two lamps, one rated 40W at 220V and the other 60W at 220V, are
connected in parallel to the electric supply at 220V.
a. 10 Draw a circuit diagram to show the connections.
b. Calculate the current drawn from the electric supply.
c. Calculate the total energy consumed by the two lamps
together when they operate for one hour.
Ans. : Given 2 Lamps: P1 = 40W, P2 = 60W
V= 220V

SH
YA
Voltage across both the bulbs is same and is equal to 220V.
P1 40
Current through 40W lamp = I1 = =
220
A
V
SIR

P2 60
Current through 60W lamp = I2 = = A
V 220

40 60
Total current drawn from the electric supply = 220
+
220
= 0.45A

Energy consumed by 40 W lamp in 1hr. E1 = P1 × t = 40 × 1 = 40Wh

AR

1Wh = 3.6kJ

E1 = 40 × 3.6 = 144KJ
ST

Energy consumed by 60W lamp in 1 hr, E2 = p2 × t = 60 × 1 = 60Wh = 216KJ

Total energy consumed = 144 + 216 = 360KJ

124. In a house two 60W electric bulbs are lighted for 4 hours, and three
100W bulbs for 5 hours everyday. Calculate the electric energy
consumed in 30 days.
Ans. : Case 1:

Power, P1 = 60W

Number, n1 = 2

Time for use, t1 = 4h everyday

Electrical energy consumed in 30 days = 30 × 0.48 = 14.4KWh

Case 2:

Power, P2 = 100W
 Number, n2 = 3

Time for use, t2 = 5h everyday

Electrical energy consumed in everyday, E2 = n2 × P2 × t2

= 3 × 100 × 5 = 1500 = 1.5kWh

Electrical energy consumed in 30 days = 30 × 1.5 = 45kWh

Total electrical energy consumed in 30 days = 14.4kWh + 45 kWh = 59.4KWh

125. A p.d. of 4V is applied to two resistors of 6Ω and 2Ω connected in

series. Calculate:
a. The combined resistance.
b. The current flowing.
c. The p.d. across the 6Ω resistor.
Ans. : V = 4V,
R1 = 6 ohm, R2 = 8 ohm (in series)

Combined resistance, R = R1 + R2 + 6 + 2 = 8 ohm

Current flowing, I =
V
=
4
SH
= 0.5 amp
YA
R 8

p.d. across 6 ohm resistor = I × R1 = 0.5 × 6 3V.

126. You are given three resistances of 1,2 and 3 ohms. Show by
SIR

diagrams, how with the help of these resistances you can get:
1. 6Ω
AR

2. 6

11
Ω

3. 1.5Ω
ST

Ans. :
Equivalent resistance = 1Ω + 2Ω + 3Ω = 6Ω

Equivalent resistance
1 1 1 1 6+3+2 11
= + + = =
R 1 2 3 6 6

6
∴ R = Ω
11
 Equivalent resistance of first line

= 1Ω + 2Ω = 3Ω

Resistance of the secound line = 3Ω

Equivalent resistance
1 1 1 2
= + =
R 3 3 3

3
∴ R = = 1.5Ω
2

127. In the circuit diagram given below, three resistors R R , and R of

5Ω, 10Ω and 30Ω, respectively are connected as shown.

Calculate: SH
YA
a. Current through each resistor.
b. Total current in the circuit.
SIR

c. Total resistance in the circuit.

Ans. : V = 12V
R1, R2 and R3 are connected in parallel.
AR

V 12
current through R1 =
R1
=
5
= 2.4A

V 12
current through R2 = = = 1.2A
ST

R2 10

V 12
current through R3 = = = 0.4A
R2 30

Total current in the circuit = 2.4 + 1.2 + 0.4 = 4A

Total resistance in the circuit = R

1 1 1 1
= + +
R R1 R2 R3

1 1 1 1
= + +
R 5 10 30

1 10
=
R 30

R = 3 ohm

128. The p.d. across a lamp is 12V. How many joules of electrical energy
are changed into heat and light when:
a. A charge of 1C passes through it?
b. A charge of 5C passes through it?
c. A current of 2A flows through it for 10s?
 Ans. : P.d. = 12V
a. P. d.
Work done

Charge Moved

Work done = P.d. × Charge moved

= 12 × 1 = 12J

Amount of electrical energy changed into heat and light = 12J

b. Work done = P.d. × Charge moved

= 12 × 5 = 60J

Amount of electrical energy changed into heat and light = 60J

c. I =
Q

Q×I×t

= 2 × 10 = 20C

Work done = p.d. × Charged moved

= 12 × 20 - 240J

SH
Amount of electrical energy changed into heat and light = 240J

129. What is a solenoid? Draw the pattern of magnetic field lines of:
YA
i. A current carrying solenoid.
ii. A bar magnet. List two distinguishing features between the
SIR

two fields.
Ans. : A solenoid is a long cylindrical coil of wire consisting of a large no. of turns bound

together very tightly.

AR

i.
ST

ii.

Two distinguishing features between the two fields:

 i. Magnetic field of the solenoid can be varied as per our
requirements just by changing the current or core of the solenoid
whereas the magnetic field of the bar magnet is fixed.
ii. Magnetic field outside the solenoid is negligible as compared to
the bar magnet.
130. B1, B2 and B3 are three identical bulbs connected as shown in Figure.
When all the three bulbs glow, a current of 3A is recorded by the
ammeter A.

SH
i. What happens to the glow of the other two bulbs when the
bulb B1 gets fused?
ii. What happens to the reading of A1, A2, A3 and A when the
YA
bulb B2 gets fused?
iii.
SIR

How much power is dissipated in the circuit when all the three
bulbs glow together?
Ans. :
AR

i. The glow of bulb depends upon the energy disspated per second
i.e. Since V and R of both the bulbs B2 and B3 remain the
2
V
P = .
ST

same even if bulb B, gets fused so glow of B2 and B3 remain the

same.
ii. Since bulbs are identical, so their resistance is equal (i.e.
resistance of each bulb = RΩ).
When all bulbs glow, net resistnace of the circuit is given by,
1 1 1 1 3
′
= + + =
R R R R R

′ R
Or, R =
3

I = 3A, V = 4.5V

Using, V = IR', we get

R
4.5 = 3 × or R = 4.5Ω
3

When B2 gets fused, only two bulbs B1 and B2 in parallel are in the circuit.

∴ Net resistance of the circuit is given by,

 1 1 1 2 4.5
= + = or R = Ω
R 4.5 4.5 4.5 2

V 4.5×2
∴ I = = = 2A
R 4.5

Thus, reading of ammeter A = 2A

Since B1 and B3 are in parallel and have same resistance, so 2A current will be

equally distributed between B1 and B3 . Therefore, reading of ammeter A 1 = 1A

Reading of ammeter A 3 = 1A Circuit containing B2 is broken, so no current flows

through this circuit. Hence reading of ammeter A 2 = zero.

iii. Power dissipated in the circuit,

P=V×I

= 4.5 × 3 = 13.5W

131. With the help of a circuit diagram, deduce the equivalent resistance
of two resistances connected in series.
Two resistances are connected in series as shown in the diagram:

i. SH
What is the current through the 5 ohm resistance?
YA
ii. What is the current through R?
iii. What is the value of R?
SIR

iv. What is the value of V?

Ans. : Fig shows two resistance R1 and R2 connected in series with a battery of V volt.
Let the p.d. across R1 is V 1 and the p.d. across R2 is V 2 .
AR

s.t. V = V 1 + V 2 ......(1)

Let the equivalent resistance be R and current flowing through whole circuit is 1.
ST

By ohm's law's,
V
= R
I

V = I × R .........(2)
Applying ohm's law to both R1 and R2

V 1 = I × R1 ......(3)

V 2 = I × R2 .......(4)

From eqs. (1), (2), (3) and (4), we get

I × R = I × R1 + I × R2

I × R = I × (R1 + R2 )

R = R1 + R2

132. Three 2Ω resistors, A, B and C, are connected as shown in Figure.

Each of them dissipates energy and can withstand a maximum
 power of 18W without melting. Find the maximum current that can
flow through the three resistors?

Ans. : Here, P = 18W

Using, P = I2 R, we get
−
− −−
P 18 –
I = √ = √ = √9 = 3A
R 2

∴ Maximum current that can flow through a resistor A = 3A

Since resistors B and C are connected in parallel, so potential difference across B and C is

same. Let I1 , be the current flowing through resistor. B and I2 be the current flowing

through resistor C,

∴ I1 R1 = I2 R2
I1 R2 2Ω
or = = = 1

SH
I2 R1 2Ω

or, I1 = I2

But I1 + I2 = I = 3
YA
∴ 2I1 = 3 or I1 = 1.5A

and I2 = I1 = 1.5A
SIR

133. Redraw the circuit of Question 1, putting in an ammeter to measure

the current through the resistors and a voltmeter to measure the
AR

potential difference across the 12 Ω resistor. What would be the

readings in the ammeter and the voltmeter?
ST

Ans. :
To measure the current flowing through the resistors, an ammeter should be connected

in the circuit in series with the resistors. To measure the potential difference across the

12 G resistor, a voltmeter should be connected parallel to this resistor, as shown in the

following figure.

The resistances are connected in series.

 Ohm's law can be used to obtain the readings of ammeter and voltmeter. According to

Ohm's law,

V = IR

Where,

Potantial difference, V = 6 V

Current flowing through the circuit/ resistors = I

Resistance of the circuit/ resistors = I

Resistance of the circuit, R = 5 + 8 + 12 = 25Ω

V 6
I = = = 0.24 A
R 25

potential difference across 12Ω resistor = V 1

Current flowing through the 12Ω resister, I = 0.24 A.

Therefore, using Ohm's law, we obtain

V 1 = IR = 0.24 × 12 = 2.88 V

SH
Therefore, the reading of the ammeter will be 0.24 A.

The reading of the voltmeter will be 2.88 V.

134. Derive the expression for the heat produced due to a current ‘I’
YA
flowing for a time interval ‘t’ through a resistor ‘R’ having a potential
difference ‘V’ across its ends. With which name is the relation
SIR

known? How much heat will an instrument of 12W produce in one

minute if it is connected to a battery of 12V?
AR

Ans. :
i. Work done in moving the charge W = VQ
ST

Power input,
VQ
P =
t

= V I

∴ Eergy, E = P × t = V I t

This energy gets dissipated in the form of heat.

∴ H = V I t

Applying Ohm's law, we get,

2
H = I Rt

ii. The relation is known as Joule's law of heating.

iii. P = 12 W t = 1 minute = 60s

H = P ×t

= 12 W × 60s

H = 720 J
135. a. With the help of a suitable circuit diagram prove that the
reciprocal of the equivalent resistance of a group of
resistances joined in parallel is equal to the sum of the
reciprocals of the individual resistances.
b. In an electric circuit, two resistors of 12Ω each are joined in
parallel to a 6V battery. Find the current drawn from the
battery.
Ans. :
a.

SH
YA
SIR

Let there are n resistances, each of value R1 , R2 ......Rn , respectively, are connected

in parallel to a battery of voltage V. if the equivalent resistance of the circuit is Req ,

V
then current drawn from the battery is:
AR

i =
R(eq)

The total current i then divides into i1, i2, i3.....in , respectively in the given resistors.

As all the resistances are connected in parallel, hence the voltage across each
ST

resistor is V volt.

Now we can write,

i = i1 + i2 + i3 + . . . + ieq

V V V V V
= + + + ... + … (1)
R(eq) R1 R2 R3 Rn

From equation 1,
1 1 1 1 1
= + + + ... +
R(eq) R1 R2 R3 Rn

Hence, reciprocal of the equivalent resistance is equal to the sum of reciprocal of

each resistor joined in parallel.

b. Let net resistance of the given parallel combination be Rnet,

Then,
1 1 1
= +
Rnet 12 12

1 2 1
= =
Rnet 12 6
 ⇒ Rnet = 6Ω

V 6V
Hence, current, i = = = 1A
Rnet 6Ω

136. Explain with the help of a labelled circuit diagram how you will find
the resistance of a combination of three resistors, of resistance R1,
R2 and R3, joined in parallel. Also mention how you will connect the
ammeter and the voltmeter in the circuit when measuring the
current in the circuit and the potential difference across one of the
three resistors of the combination.
Ans. :

SH
Let the resistance of the three resistors be R1 , R2 and R3 , respectively. Let their combined
YA
resistance be R. Let the total current flowing in the circuit be I and the strength of the

battery is V. Then from Ohm's law, we have:

SIR

V = IR .....(i)

We know that when the resistors are connected in parallel, the potential drop across each
AR

resistance is the same.

Therefore:
ST

I = I1 + I2 + I3
V V V
I = + +
R1 R2 R3

V
I = . . . . . (ii)
1 1 1
( + + )
R R R
1 2 3

From equations (1) and (2) we have:

1 1 1 1
= + +
R R1 R2 R3

a. Ammeter is connected in series with the resistor.

b. Voltmeter is connected in parallel with the resistor.
137. In the circuit diagram given below five resistances of
10Ω, 40Ω, 30Ω, 20Ω and 60Ω are connected as shown to a 12V battery.
 Calculate:
a. Total resistance in the circuit.
b. Total current flowing in the circuit.
Ans. :
a. Equivalent resistance of 10Ω and 40Ω resistance (Connected in
parallel) is R1 given as:
1 1 1 5
= + =
R1 10 40 40

R1 = 8Ω

Equivalent resistance of

R2 given as:
SH
30Ω, 20Ω and 60Ω resistance (connected in parallel) is
YA
1 1 1 1 6
= + + =
R2 30 20 60 60

R2 = 10Ω
SIR

R1 and R2 are connected in series.

∴ Total resistance in the circuit is R = R1 + R2 = 8 + 10 = 18

b. Total current flowing in the circuit,

AR

V 12
I = = = 0.67A
R 18

138. The circuit diagram given below shows the combination of three
ST

resistors R1 R2 and R3:

Find:
i. Total resistance of the circuit.
ii. Total current flowing in the circuit.
iii. The potential difference across R.
Ans. :
i. Total resistance of two resistors that are connected in parallel is:
 1 1 1
′
= +
R 3 6

1 3
′
=
R 6

R’ = 2ohms

Total resistance of the circuit = 2 + 4 ohms = 6 ohms

ii. Total current flowing through the circuit =

V

Total resistance

12
I = = 2 amps
6

iii. Potential difference across R1 = R1 × I = 4 × 2 = 8V.

139. A 5V battery is connected to two 20Ω resistors which are joined
together in series.
a. Draw a circuit diagram to represent this. Add an arrow to
indicate the direction of conventional current flow in the
circuit.
b. What is the effective resistance of the two resistors?
c.
d. SH
Calculate the current that flows from the battery.
What is the p.d. across each resistor?
YA
Ans. :
a.
SIR
AR

b. Effective resistance = 20 + 20 = 40 ohms.

ST

c. Current flowing through the circuit = I =

V

R
=
5

40
= 0.125 amps.

d. p.d. across each resistance = I × R = 0.125 × 20 = 2.5V

140. Show with the help of diagrams, how you would connect three
resistors each of resistance 6Ω, so that the combination has
resistance of
i. 9Ω

ii. 4Ω.

Ans. :
i.
Resultant resistance for parallel circuit = R
1 1 1
= +
R 6 6

1 2
=
R 6

R = 3
 Effective resistance = 6 + 3 = 9 ohms
ii.
Resultant resistance for each parallel circuit = R
1 1 1 1
= + +
R 6 6 6

1 3
=
R 6

R = 2

Therefore effective resistance = 2 + 2 = 4 ohms.

141. A 2kW heater, a 200W TV and three 100W lamps are all switched on
from 6m. to 10p.m. What is the total cost at Rs.5.50per kWh?
Ans. : For heater
P = 2KW, t = 4h

E = P × t = 2 × 4 = 8KWh

For TV:

P = 200W = 0.2KW t = 4h

E = P × t = 0.2 × 4 = 0.08 KWh SH

YA
Lamps:

P = 100W = 0.1KW, t = 4h, n = 3

SIR

E = n × P × t = 3 × 0.1 × 4 = 1.2 KWh

Total energy consumed = 8 + 0.8 + 1.2 = 10KWh

Cost of 1KWh = Rs. 5.50
AR

Cost of 10KWh = Rs. 5.50 × 10 = Rs. 55

142. An electric circuit consisting of a 0.5m long nichrome wire XY, an

ST

ammeter, a voltmeter, four cells of 1.5V each and a plug key was set
up.
i. Draw a diagram of this electric circuit to study the relation
between the potential difference maintained between the
points ‘X’ and ‘Y’ and the electric current flowing through XY.
ii. Following graph was plotted between V and I values:
What would be the values of ratios when the potential difference
is 0.8V, 1.2V and 1.6V respectively? What conclusion do you
draw from these values?
iii. What is the resistance of the wire?
Ans. :
i.
 ii. Since the graph is a straight line passing through the origin, so
current is directly proportional to the potential difference.
V
Hence, the ration I
remains constant.

From graph when V = 1.5 volt, I = 0.6 amp

V 15
So, I
= −
0.6
− 25Ω

V
For p.d. 0.8V, 1.2V and 1.6V, the value of ratio the same i.e., 2.5 ohm.
I

iii. The resistance of the wire is equal to the ratio of potential

difference applied and the current passing through it.
V
R− − 25Ω
I

143. In the circuit given below:

a. What is the combined resistance?

SH
YA
b. What is the p.d. across the combined resistance?
c. What is the p.d. across the 3Ω resistor?
SIR

d. What is the current in the 3Ω resistor?

e. What is the current in the 6Ω resistor?
Ans. : Total current flowing through circuit, I = 6A
AR

R1 = 3 ohm, R2 = 6 ohm
ST

Combined resistance R is
1 1 1
= +
R 3 6

1 3
=
R 6

R = 2 ohms
p.d. across the combined resistance = IR = 6 × 2 12V

p.d. across the 3 ohm resistor = p.d. across the combined resistance = 12V
V 12
Current flowing through the 3 ohm resistor =
R1
=
3
= 4A

V 12
Current flowing through the 3 ohm resistor =
R2
=
6
= 2A

144. Two resistors, with resistances 5Ω and 10Ω respectively are to be

connected to a battery of emf 6V so as to obtain:
i. Minimum current flowing.
ii. Maximum current flowing.
a. How will you connect the resistances in each case?
 b. Calculate the strength of the total current in the circuit in
the two cases.
Ans. : Given: Two resistors with resistances R1 = 5 ohm and R2 = 10 ohm, V = 6 volt
a. For minimum current these two should be connected in series.
For maximum current these two should be connected in parallel.
b. In series,
Total resistance = 5 + 10 = 15 ohms
V 6
Therefore total current drawn = R
=
15
= 0.4 amps

In parallel,

Total resistance R is given as

1 1 1
= +
R R1 R2

1 1 1
= +
R 5 10

1 3
=
R 10

SH
10
R = ohm
3

V 6
Therefore total current drawn by the circuit = R
=
10
= 1.8 amps.
( )
YA
3

145. Two lamps, one rated 40W at 220V and the other 60W at 220V, are
connected in parallel to the electric supply at 220V.
SIR

a. 10 Draw a circuit diagram to show the connections.

b. Calculate the current drawn from the electric supply.
c. Calculate the total energy consumed by the two lamps
AR

together when they operate for one hour.

Ans. : Given 2 Lamps: P1 = 40W, P2 = 60W
ST

V= 220V

Voltage across both the bulbs is same and is equal to 220V.

P1 40
Current through 40W lamp = I1 =
V
=
220
A

P2 60
Current through 60W lamp = I2 =
V
=
220
A

40 60
Total current drawn from the electric supply = 220
+
220
= 0.45A

Energy consumed by 40 W lamp in 1hr. E1 = P1 × t = 40 × 1 = 40Wh

1Wh = 3.6kJ
 E1 = 40 × 3.6 = 144KJ

Energy consumed by 60W lamp in 1 hr, E2 = p2 × t = 60 × 1 = 60Wh = 216KJ

Total energy consumed = 144 + 216 = 360KJ

146. A p.d. of 4V is applied to two resistors of 6Ω and 2Ω connected in

series. Calculate:
a. The combined resistance.
b. The current flowing.
c. The p.d. across the 6Ω resistor.
Ans. : V = 4V,
R1 = 6 ohm, R2 = 8 ohm (in series)

Combined resistance, R = R1 + R2 + 6 + 2 = 8 ohm

V 4
Current flowing, I =
R
=
8
= 0.5 amp

p.d. across 6 ohm resistor = I × R1 = 0.5 × 6 3V.

SH
147. You are given three resistances of 1,2 and 3 ohms. Show by
diagrams, how with the help of these resistances you can get:
YA
1. 6Ω

2. 6
Ω
SIR

11

3. 1.5Ω

Ans. :
AR

Equivalent resistance = 1Ω + 2Ω + 3Ω = 6Ω
ST

Equivalent resistance
1 1 1 1 6+3+2 11
= + + = =
R 1 2 3 6 6

6
∴ R = Ω
11

Equivalent resistance of first line

= 1Ω + 2Ω = 3Ω

Resistance of the secound line = 3Ω

 Equivalent resistance
1 1 1 2
= + =
R 3 3 3

3
∴ R = = 1.5Ω
2

148. Two lamps, one rated 40W at 220V and the other 60W at 220V, are
connected in parallel to the electric supply at 220V.
a. 10 Draw a circuit diagram to show the connections.
b. Calculate the current drawn from the electric supply.
c. Calculate the total energy consumed by the two lamps
together when they operate for one hour.
Ans. : Given:
Lamps: P1 = 40W, P2 = 60W

V= 220V

SH
YA
SIR

Voltage across both the bulbs is same and is equal to 220V.

P1 40
Current through 40W lamp = I1 =
V
=
220
A

P2 60
Current through 60W lamp = I2 = = A
AR

V 220

40 60
Total current drawn from the electric supply = 220
+
220
= 0.45A

Energy consumed by 40 W lamp in 1hr. E1 = P1 × t = 40 × 1 = 40Wh

ST

1Wh = 3.6kJ

E1 = 40 × 3.6 = 144KJ

Energy consumed by 60W lamp in 1 hr, E2 = p2 × t = 60 × 1 = 60Wh = 216KJ

Total energy consumed = 144 + 216 = 360KJ

149. The p.d. across a lamp is 12V. How many joules of electrical energy
are changed into heat and light when:
a. A charge of 1C passes through it?
b. A charge of 5C passes through it?
c. A current of 2A flows through it for 10s?
Ans. : P.d. = 12V
a. P. d.
Work done

Charge Moved

Work done = P.d. × Charge moved

 = 12 × 1 = 12J

Amount of electrical energy changed into heat and light = 12J

b. Work done = P.d. × Charge moved

= 12 × 5 = 60J

Amount of electrical energy changed into heat and light = 60J

c.
Q
I =
t

Q×I×t

= 2 × 10 = 20C

Work done = p.d. × Charged moved

= 12 × 20 - 240J

Amount of electrical energy changed into heat and light = 240J

150. In the circuit diagram given below five resistances of

10Ω, 40Ω, 30Ω, 20Ω and 60Ω are connected as shown to a 12V battery.

SH
YA
SIR

Calculate:
a. Total resistance in the circuit.
AR

b. Total current flowing in the circuit.

Ans. :
ST

a. Equivalent resistance of 10Ω and 40Ω resistance (Connected in

parallel) is R1 given as:
1 1 1 5
= + =
R1 10 40 40

R1 = 8Ω

Equivalent resistance of 30Ω, 20Ω and 60Ω resistance (connected in parallel) is

R2 given as:
1 1 1 1 6
= + + =
R2 30 20 60 60

R2 = 10Ω

R1 and R2 are connected in series.

∴ Total resistance in the circuit is R = R1 + R2 = 8 + 10 = 18

b. Total current flowing in the circuit, I =

V

R
=
12

18
= 0.67A
151. An electric bulb of resistance 20Ω and a resistance wire of 4Ω are
connected in series with a 6V battery. Draw the circuit diagram and
calculate:
a. Total resistance of the circuit.
b. Current through the circuit.
c. Potential difference across the electric bulb.
d. Potential difference across the resistance wire.

Ans. :
a. Total resistance of the circuit = R1 + R2 = 20 + 4 = 24 ohm
b. We know that
V = IR SH
YA
Therefore

6 = I × 24
SIR

6
I = = 0.25amp
24

c. p.d. across bulb = IR1 = 0.25 × 20 5V

d. p.d. across resistance wire = IR2 = 0.25 × 4 1V
AR

152. An electric heater which is connected to a 220V supply line has two
resistance coils A and B of resistance each. These coils can be
ST

24Ω

used separately (one at a time), in series or in parallel. Calculate the

current drawn when:
a. Only one coil A is used.
b. Coils A and B are used in series.
c. Coils A and B are used in parallel.
Ans. :
a. Given V = 220V
RA = RB = 24 ohm

Current drawn when only coil A is used:

V 220
I = =
RA 24

= 9.16 amps

b. Current drawn when coils A and B are used in series:

 Total resistance, R = RA + RB = 24 + 24 = 48 ohm
V 220
I = =
R 48

= 4.58 amps

c. Current drawn when coils A and B are used in parallel:

1 1 1 1 1 2 1
Total resistance, R
=
RA
+
RB
=
24
+
24
=
24
=
12

R = 12 ohm
V 220
I = =
R 12

= 18.33 amps

153. For a heater rated at 4kW and 220V, calculate:

a. The current,
b. The resistance of the heater,
c. The energy consumed in 2 hours, and
d. The cost if 1kWh is priced at ₹60.
Ans. : Given,
P = 4Kw, V = 220V SH
YA
a. I=?
Power = VI = 250 × I
SIR

4000 = 250I

I = 16amp

b. R=?
AR

P = I2 R

P = 162 × R
ST

4000
R =
2
16

R = 15.25 ohm

c. Energy consumed in two hour = P × t

=4×2

= 8Kw - hr

d. If 1KWh = Rs. 4.6

total cost = 8 × 4.6 = Rs. 36.8

* case - based/data -based questions [52]

154.

Vinita and Ahmed demonstrated a circuit that operates the two

headlights and the two sidelights of a car, in their school exhibition.
Based on their demonstrated circuit, answer the following questions.
(i) State what happens when switch A is connected to
a) Position 2
b) Position 3
(ii) Find the potential difference across each lamp when lit.
(iii) Calculate the current
a) in each 12Ω lamp when lit.
SH
YA
b) In each 4Ω lamp when lit.
OR
SIR

(iv) Show, with calculations, which type of lamp, 4.0 Ω or 12 Ω, has the
higher power.
Ans. :
AR

(i) 12Ω lamps (only) on.

(a) 4Ω lamps (only) on
ST

(ii) 12V for both sets of lamps and all of them are in parallel.
(iii) 12Ω lamps are on when the wire is connected to position 2 .
Voltage across both 12Ω lamps = 12V .
V = I R (Ohm's law).

V 12
I = = = 1A.
R 12

4Ω lamps are on when the wire is connected to position 3 .

Voltage across both 4Ω lamps = 12V .
V = I R(Ohm 's law )

V 12
I = = = 3A.
R 4

OR
2
P = V /R

All lamps are in parallel and hence same V for all lamps.
For 4Ω lamps → P =
12×12

4
= 36W
 For 12Ω lamps → P = 12×12
= 12W
12

Hence 4Ω lamps will have higher power.

155. The table shows four different materials and their resistivity.
Resistivity(Ω
Material
m)
Material 1 1.62 ×10-8
Material 2 100 ×10-6
Material 3 6.84 ×10-8
Material 4 44 ×10-6
1. Which material is the best conductor of electricity?
A. Material 1
B. Material 2
C. Material 3
D. Material 4
SH
2. What is the SI unit of Resistivity?
3. Why is nichrome wire used in many electrical heating devices?
YA
A. It has low resistivity and low melting point.
B. It has high resistivity and low melting point.
SIR

C. It has low resistivity and high melting point.

D. It has high resistivity and high melting point.
Ans. : 1. A. Material 1
AR

2. Mentions ohm-meter (Ω m) as correct response.

3. D. It has high resistivity and high melting point.
ST

156.

4. What does the symbol mean in an electric circuit?

A. Switch
B. Wire joint
C. Electric bulb
D. Variable resistance
5. A current of 1A lows through an electric bulb for 5 minutes.
What is the amount of electric charge that lows through the bulb?
Show your calculation.
 6. Which of these decides the resistance of a wire?
Circle ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ for correct response.
Does this affect the Yes or
resistance? No
Length of the wire Yes/No
Thickness of the wire Yes/No
Material of the cover on
Yes/No
the wire
Ans. : 4. D. Distance of the candle from the eyes
5. Time of electric current low, t = 5 min= 300 s
The total amount of electric charge that low within the time, Q = I × t = 1A ×
300 s = 300 C
6. Mentions all three responses correctly.
● Yes/Yes/No

SH
157. The picture shows an electric circuit.
YA
SIR
AR

7. Which of these is true about the circuit?

ST

Circle ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ for correct response.

Yes or
Is this true for the circuit?
No
The circuit is open. Yes/No
The circuit has double batteries. Yes/No
The circuit has an ammeter and a voltmeter
Yes/No
parallel to each other.
8. Will there be any change in the ammeter reading if the length of the
wire in the circuit is doubled?
Explain your answer.
Ans. : 7. No
Yes
 No
8. Mentions that the ammeter’s reading will be decreased by one-half.
158. Leena creates an electric circuit with three resistors R1, R2 and R3.

9. What is the equivalent resistance of the circuit?

A. 3 Ω
B. 4 Ω
C. 5 Ω
SH
YA
D. 9 Ω
Ans. : 9. D. 9 Ω
SIR

159. The same resistors are connected in a parallel combination in the circuit.
AR
ST

10. What is the equivalent resistance of the circuit?

A. Less than 1 Ω
B. 1 Ω
C. 2 Ω
D. More than 2 Ω
Ans. : 10. A. less than 1 Ω
160. Read the following and answer any three questions from (i) to (iv).
The heating effect of current is obtained by transformation of electrical
energy in heat energy. Just as mechanical energy used to overcome
friction is covered into heat, in the same way, electrical energy is
converted into heat energy when an electric current flows through a
resistance wire. The heat produced in a conductor, when a current flows
through it is found to depend directly on (a) strength of current (b)
resistance of the conductor (c) time for which the current flows. The
mathematical expression is given by H = I Rt. 2

The electrical fuse, electrical heater, electric iron, electric geyser etc. all
are based on the heating effect of current.
i. What are the properties of heating element?

ii. What are the properties of electric fuse?

iii. When the current is doubled in a heating device and time is

halved, the heat energy produced will be?
OR
SH
YA
iv. A) A fuse wire melts at 5 A. It is is desired that the fuse wire of
same material melt at 10 A. The new radius of the wire will be.
SIR

B) When a current of 0.5A passes through a conductor for 5 min

and the resistance of conductor is 10Ω the amount of heat
AR

produced will be.

Ans. :
ST

i. (b) Low resistance, high melting point.

ii. (c) High resistance, low melting point.
iii. (a) Doubled.
Explanation:
2
Given: H = I Rt.

′ 2 R
So, H = (21) . t = 2H
2

iv. (b) 2times

Explanation:

Given: I = 5A, resistance = R. Let r be the new radius.

2
Now, H = I Rt (i)
2
Also, H' = I R't.(ii)

2 L 2 L
From (i) and (ii), 5 ×p 2
t = 10 ×p 2
.t
πr πr'
25 100 r'
2
= 2
⇒ = 2r
r r
r'
 v. (c) 750J
Explanation:
Given: I = 0.5A,R = 10Ω, t = 5 min

2
H = I Rt = 0.5 × 0.5 × 10 × 5 × 60

H = 750 J

161. Read the following and answer any three questions from (i) to (iv).
The obstruction offered by a conductor in the path of flow of current is
called resistance. The SJ unit of resistance is ohm (Q). It has been found
that the resistance of a conductor depends on the temperature of the
conductor. As the temperature increases, the resistance also increases.
But the resistance of alloys like mangnin, Constantin and nichrome is
almost unaffected by temperature. The resistance of a conductor also
depends on the length of conductor and the area of cross-section of the
conductor. More be the length, more will be the resistance, more be the

SH
area of cross-section, lesser will be the resistance.
i. Which is not will desired in material being used for making
electrical wires?
YA
ii. What is a resistance?
SIR

iii. Which resistance of alloys will unaffected by temperature?

OR
AR

iv. A wire of resistance 20Ω is cut into 5 equal pieces. The resistance
of each part will be?
ST

Ans. :
i. (b) High resistance.
Explanation:
The electrical wire should have low resistance.

ii. (b) TA > TB

Explanation:

More is the temperature, more will be the resistance. The resistance of A is more, so
temperature of A is more.

iii. (c) R2 = 4R1

Explanation:
L 2L
R1 = p , R2 = p
A A/ 2

iv. (a) Resistance is higher in sununer.

 Explanation:

In summers, temperature is more, so resistance is more.

v. (a) 4Ω

Explanation:
R 20
R' = = = 4Ω
5 5

162. Read the following and answer any three questions from (i) to (iv).
The electrical energy consumed by an electrical appliance is given by the
product of its power rating and the time for which it is used. The SI unit
of electrical energy is Joule. Actually, Joule represents a very small
quantity of energy, and therefore it is inconvenient to use where a large
quantity of energy is involved. So for commercial purposes we use a
bigger unit of electrical energy which is called kilowatt-hour. 1 kilowatt-
hour is equal to 3.6 × 106 joules of electrical energy.
i. The energy dissipated by the heater is E. When the time of

SH
operating the heater is doubled, the energy dissipated will?
YA
ii. The power of a lamp is 60W. The energy consumed in 1 minute
will?
SIR

iii. The electrical refrigerator rated 400W operates 8 hours a day. The
cost of electrical energy is ₹ 5 per kWh. Find the cost of running
the refrigerator for one day?
AR

OR
iv. Calculate the energy transformed by a 5A current flowing through
ST

a resistor of 2Ω for 30 minutes?

Ans. :
1. (a) Doubled
Explanation:

E ∝ t

ii. (c) 3600J

Explanation:
Given: P = 60W, t = 1min

E = 60 × 1 × 60 = 3600J

iii. (b) ₹ 16
Explanation:
Given: P = 400Ω, t = 8 hour
 E = 400 × 8 = 3200Wh = 3.2kWh.
Cost= 3.2 × 5 = ₹ 16

iv. (a) 90kJ

Explanation:

Given: I = 5A,
R = 2Ω, t = 30 min

E = I2 Rt = 5 × 5 × 2 × 30 × 60
E = 90000J = 90kJ

v. (a) 1 watt hour = 3600J

Explanation:
1 watt hr = 3600J.

163. Read the following and answer any three questions from (i) to (iv).
The rate of flow of charge is called electric current. The SJ unit of electric

SH
current is Ampere (A). The direction of flow of current is always opposite
to the direction of flow of electrons in the current. The electric potential
is defined as the amount of work done in bringing a unit positive test
YA
charge from infinity to a point in the electric field. The amount of work
done in bringing a unit positive test charge from one point to another
SIR

point in an electric field is defined as potential difference.

WBA
VAB = VB − VA =
q

The SJ unit of potential and potential difference is volt.

AR

i. The 2C of charge is flowing through a conductor in 100ms, the

current in the circuit will?
ST

ii. Define electric current? what is the SJ unit of electric current.

iii. The potential difference between the two terminals of battery, if

100 joules of work is required to transfer 20 coulombs of charge
from one terminal of the battery to other will?
OR
iv. a) Then number of electrons flowing per second in a conductor if I
A current is passing through it?
b) The voltage can be written as.
Ans. :
i. (a) 20 A
Explanation:
 q = 2C. t = 100ms = 0.1s
q 2
l = = = 20A
r 0.1

ii. (d) All of these.

iii. (b) -5V
Explanation:
W = 100J, q = 20C

W 100
V = = = 5V
q 20

iv. (c) 6.25 × 1018

Explanation:
I = 1A, t = 1s

q = It = 1 × 1 = 1C
q 1 18
n = = −1 9
= 6.25 × 10
e 1.6×10

v. (c) Work done×time

Current

Explanation:
V =
W

q
=
W

lt
SH
YA
164. A student made an electric circuit shown here to measure the
current through two lamps.
SIR

a. Are the lamps in series or parallel?

b. The student has made a mistake in this circuit. What is the
mistake?
AR

c. Draw a circuit diagram to show the correct way to connect the

circuit. Use the proper circuit symbols in your diagram.
ST

Ans. :
a. Lamps are in series.
b. Student has connected ammeter in parallel with lamps. It should
be connected in series.
 c.
165. A boy noted the readings on his home’s electricity meter on Sunday
at 8AM and again on Monday at 8AM (see figure below).

a. What was the meter reading on Sunday?

b. What was the meter reading on Monday?
c. How many units of electricity have been used?
d. In how much time these units have been used?
e.
SH
If the rate is Rs. 5 per unit, what is the cost of electricity used
during this time?
YA
Ans. :
a. 42919
SIR

b. 42935
c. 42935 - 42919 = 16 units
d. 24 hours.
AR

e. Cost of 1 unit = Rs. 5

Cost of 16 units = 16 × 5 = Rs. 80
ST

166. Use the data in Table 12.2 to answer the following–

a. Which among iron and mercury is a better conductor?
b. Which matcrial is the best conductor?
Electrical resistivity of some substances at 20°C
- Meterial Resistivity (Ω m)
Conductors Silver 1.60 × 10-8
Copper 1.60 × 10-8
Aluminium 2.63 × 10-8
Tungsten 5.20 × 10-8
Nickel 6.84 × 10-8
Iron 10.0 × 10-8
 Chromoium 12.9 × 10-8
Mercury 94.0 × 10-8
Manganese 1.84 × 10-6
Constant (alloy of Cu, Mn and Ni) 49 × 10-6
Alloys Manganin (alloy of Cu, Mn and Ni) 44 × 10-6
Nichrome (alloy of Ni, Cr, MN and Fe) 100 × 10-6
Glass 1010 - 1014
Insulators Hard rubber 1013 - 1016
Ebonite 1015 - 1017
Diamond 1012 - 1013
Paper (dry) 1012
Ans. : SH
a.
YA
Resistivity of iron = 10.0 × 10
−8
Ω

−8
Resistivity of mercury = 94.0 × 10 Ω
SIR

Resistivity of mercury is more than that of iron. This implies that iron is a better
conductor than mercury.

b. It can be observed from Table 12.2 that the resistivity of silver is

AR

the lowest among the listed materials. Hence, it is the best

conductor.
ST

----- -----