MYSORE LAND REVENUE CODE, 1888

MYSORE LAND REVENUE CODE, 1888

Preamble - MYSORE LAND REVENUE CODE, 1888

THE MYSORE LAND REVENUE CODE, 1888

[Act No. 04 of 1888]

PREAMBLE

An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to Revenue Officers and Land Revenue in

[1]
the [whole of the State of Karnataka except Bellary District].

Whereas, it is expedient to consolidate and amend the law relating to Revenue Officers and to the
assessment and recovery of land revenue, and to other matters connected with the Land Revenue
administration; His Highness the Maharaja is pleased to enact as follows.--

Section 1 - Short title, local extent and commencement

This Act may be cited as the Mysore Land Revenue Code, 1888.

[2]
It extends to the [whole of the State of Karnataka except Bellary District.]

It shall come into force on the 1st day of April, 1889.

Section 2 - Enactments repealed

The Acts, Rules, Notifications and Orders mentioned in the Schedule A hereto annexed are repealed,
but not so as to render invalid anything done in accordance with any of them.

All references made in any Act, Rule, Notification or Order, to any enactment hereby repealed, shall
be read as if made to the corresponding portion of this Act.

And all rules prescribed, appointments made, securities furnished, powers conferred, orders issued,
and notifications published under any such enactment, and all other rules (if any) now in force and
relating to any of the matters hereinafter dealt with, shall (so far as they are consistent with this
Act) be deemed to have been respectively prescribed, made, furnished, conferred, issued and
published hereunder.

And all proceedings now pending which have been commenced under any enactment hereby repealed
shall be deemed to have been commenced under this Act, and shall hereinafter be conducted in
accordance with the provisions of this Act.

Section 3 - Interpretation section

In this Act, unless there be something repugnant in the subject or context.--

(1) "Revenue Officer" means every Officer of any rank whatsoever employed in or about the

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business of the land revenue, or of the surveys, assessment, accounts or records connected

therewith;

(2) "Survey Officer" means an Officer appointed under, or in the manner provided by Section 17 of

this Act;

(3) "Land" includes benefits to arise out of land, and things attached to the earth or permanently

fastened to anything attached to the earth, and also shares in, or charges on, the revenue or

rent of villages, or other defined portions of territory;

(4) "Estate" means any interest in land and the aggregate of such interests vested in a person or

aggregate of persons capable of holding the same;

(5) "Survey Number" means a portion of land of which the area and other particulars are

separately entered under an indicative number in the survey records of the village, town or

city in which it is situated, and includes a recognised share of a survey number;

(6) "Recognised share of a Survey Number" means sub-division of a survey number separately

assessed and registered;

(7) "Building site" means a portion of land held for building purposes, whether any building be

actually erected thereupon or not, and includes the open ground or court-yard enclosed by,

or adjacent to, any building erected thereupon;

(8) "Boundary Mark" means any erection, whether of earth, stone or other material, and also any

hedge, vacant strip of ground, or other object, whether natural or artificial, set up, employed,

or specified by a Survey Officer or other Revenue Officer having authority in that behalf, in

order to designate the boundary of any division of land;

(9) "To hold land" means to be legally invested with a right to the possession and enjoyment or

disposal of such land, either immediate or at the termination of tenancies legally subsisting;

(10) "Holder" or "Landholder" signifies the person in whom a right to hold land is vested, whether

solely on his own account or wholly or partly in trust for another person, or for a class of

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persons or for the public. It includes a mortgagee vested with a right to possession;

(11) "Holding" signifies land over which such right extends;

(12) "Tenant" signifies a person who holds by a right derived from a superior holder called his

"landlord" or from his landlord's predecessors in title, and is, or, but for a special contract,

would be liable to pay rent for such land to his landlord;

(13) "Rent" signifies whatsoever is paid or delivered in money or kind, or whatever service is

rendered, by a tenant on account of the use or occupation of land let to him;

(14) "Superior holder" signifies a holder entitled to receive from other holders rent or land revenue

on account of lands held by them, whether or not such holder pays land revenue to

Government on account of such lands;

(15) "Inferior holder" signifies a holder liable to pay rent or land revenue to a superior holder;

(16) "Occupant" signifies a holder of unalienated land, or when there are more holders than one,

the holder having the highest right in respect of any such land, or where such highest right

vests equally in more holders than one, any one of such holders;

(17) "Registered occupant" signifies a sole occupant or the eldest or principal of several joint

occupants whose name is authorizedly entered in the Government records as holding

unalienated land whether in person or by his co-occupant, tenant, agent, servant, or other

legal representative;

(18) Occupancy" signifies the sum of the rights vested in an occupant as such;

(19) "Alienated" means transferred in so far as rights of Government to payment of the rent or

land revenue are concerned, wholly or partially, to the ownership of any person;

(20) the word "Village, town or city", includes all lands belonging to such village, town or city;

[3][(21) The words "Revenue year" mean the period from and exclusive of the 30th June, of one

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calendar year until and inclusive of the30th June, in the next calendar year. The revenue year

1891-92 shall consist of fifteen months running from 1st April, 1891 to 30th June, 1892, both days

inclusive;]

(22) "Section" means a section of this Act;

(23) the words "this Chapter" mean the Chapter of this Act in which those words occur;

(24) "Village Accountant" means the Officiator Shanbhog and includes every person performing any of

the duties of the shanbhog;

(25) "Government" means the[4][State Government.]

Section 4 - Chief Controlling Authority in revenue matters

[5](1) The Chief Controlling authority in all matters connected with the land revenue is vested in the

Revenue Commissioner, subject to Government.

(2) The Revenue Commissioner shall be appointed by Government and shall exercise the powers and

discharge the duties conferred and imposed on the Revenue Commissioner under this Act, or under

any other law for the time being in force and so far as is consistent therewith, all such other powers

[6]
or duties of appeal, superintendence and control within the [whole of the State of Karnataka except

Bellary District,] and over the Officers subordinate to him, as may, from time to time, be prescribed

by Government.

(3) The Revenue Commissioner shall have such number of Assistants as the Government may, from

time to time, sanction, their appointment being made by Government. Assistants so appointed shall

perform such duties as the Revenue Commissioner may, from time to time, direct.]

Section 5 - Karnataka to be divided into districts

The[7][whole of the State of Karnataka except Bellary District] shall be divided into such number of
districts with such limits as may, from time to time, be prescribed by a duly published order of the
Government.

And each such district shall consist of such number of taluks, and each taluk shall consist of such
number of villages, as may, from time to time, be prescribed in a duly published order of the
Government.

The present districts, taluks and villages shall remain as they are for the purposes of this Act until
altered by the Government.

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Section 6 - Deputy Commissioner of District

The Government shall appoint in each district an Officer who shall be called the Deputy Commissioner
[8]
of the district, [and shall be subordinate to the Revenue Commissioner] and who may exercise,
throughout his district, all the powers and discharge all the duties conferred and imposed on a
Deputy or Assistant Commissioner by this Act, or any other law for the time being in force, and in all
matters not specially provided for by law shall act according to the instructions of the Government.

Section 7 - Assistant Commissioners

The Government may appoint to each district as many Assistant Commissioners as it may deem
expedient.

All such Assistant Commissioners and all other Officers employed in the Land Revenue Administration
of the district shall be subordinate to the Deputy Commissioner.

Section 8 - Assistant Commissioners in-charge of taluks

(1) The Government may place any Assistant Commissioner in-charge of the Revenue Administration

of one or more of the taluks in a district.

(2) Any Assistant Commissioner thus placed in-charge shall, so far as regards the taluk or taluks in

his charge, perform such of the duties and exercise such of the powers imposed and

conferred upon the Deputy Commissioner by this Act, or by any other law at the time being

in force, as the Government may, by a general or special order, from time to time,

[9]
direct. [xx xx.]

(3) To such Assistant Commissioner as may not be placed in charge of taluks, the Deputy

Commissioner shall, under the general or special orders of the Government, assign such

particular duties and powers as he may, from time to time, see fit.

Section 9 - Deputy Commissioner of District in case of Temporary vacancy

If the Deputy Commissioner is disabled from performing his duties, or for any reason vacates his
office, or leaves his district, or dies, his Assistant of highest rank present in the district shall, unless
other provision has been made by the Government, succeed temporarily to his office and shall be
held to be the Deputy Commissioner of the district under this Act, until the Deputy Commissioner
resumes charge of his district, or until the Government appoints a successor to the former Deputy
Commissioner, and such successor takes charges of his appointment.

Section 10 - The Amildar and his Appointment

The Chief Officer entrusted with the Local Revenue Administration of a taluk shall be called an
Amildar. He shall be appointed by the Government.

His duties and powers shall be such as may be expressly imposed or conferred upon him by this Act,

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or by any other law for the time being in force, or as may be imposed upon or delegated to him by
the Deputy Commissioner under the general or special orders of the Government. He shall, after the
passing of this Act, continue to perform the duties and exercise the powers at present performed and
exercised by him until such time as he is otherwise directed by Competent Authority.

Section 11 - The Deputy Amildar, his duties and powers

Whenever it may appear necessary, the Government may appoint a Deputy Amildar to be in charge
of a defined portion of a taluk and may assign to him within his local limits such of the duties and
powers of an Amildar as may, from time to time, be considered necessary. The Deputy Amildar's
immediate superior authority shall, for the purposes of Section 210 of this Act, be deemed to be the
Assistant Commissioner-in-charge of the taluk, or, if no Assistant Commissioner is placed in charge of
the taluk, the Deputy Commissioner.

Section 12 - Amildar or Deputy Amildar may depute subordinates to perform

certain of his duties
It shall be competent to an Amildar or DeputyAmildar, subject to such general orders as may, from
[10]
time to time, be passed by the [Revenue Commissioner] or by the Deputy Commissioner, to
employ any of his subordinates to perform any portion of his ministerial duties:

Provided that all acts and orders of his subordinates when so employed shall be liable to revision and
confirmation by such Amildar or Deputy Amildar.

Section 13 - Amildar in case of temporary vacancy

If an Amildar is disabled from performing his duties, or for any reason vacates his office or leaves his
taluk, or dies, either the Deputy Amildar, or, if there is no Deputy Amildar in the taluk, the
Sheristedar of the taluk shall succeed temporarily to the said Amildar's Office, and shall be held to be
the Amildar under this Act, until the Amildar resumes charge of his taluk, or until such time as a
successor is duly appointed and takes charge of his appointment.

Section 14 - Stipendiary patel and village accountant to be appointed where no

hereditary patel or village accountant exists
In villages where no hereditary patel or village accountant exists, it shall be lawful for the Deputy
[11]
Commissioner, under the general orders of the Government [and of the Revenue Commissioner] to
appoint a stipendiary patel or village accountant, who shall perform respectively all the duties of
hereditary patels or village accountants as hereinafter prescribed in this Act, or in any other law for
the time being in force, and shall hold their situations under the rules in force with regard to
subordinate Revenue Officers.

Nothing in this section shall be held to affect any subsisting rights of holders of alienated villages or
others in respect of the appointment of patels and village accountants in such alienated or other
villages.

Section 15 - Village accountant to keep such records as he may be required to

keep by Government
[12]
[Subject to the general orders of Government, the Revenue Commissioner] shall prescribe, from
time to time, what registers, accounts and other records shall be kept by the village accountant and

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pending the first issue of orders under this section, the village accountant shall continue to keep all
such registers, accounts and other records as he may hitherto have been required to keep.

It shall also be the duty of the village accountant to prepare, whenever called upon by the patel of
his village or by any superior revenue or police Officer of the taluk or district to do so, all writings
connected with the concerns of the village which are required either for the use of theGovernment or
the public, such as notices, reports of inquests, and depositions and examinations in criminal matters.

Section 16 - Holder of alienated village to keep such records as are prescribed

by Government

(1) Every holder of an alienated village shall be bound to keep such registers, accounts, and other

records as may, from time to time, be prescribed by Government to be kept for alienated

villages. He shall be responsible for the punctual and correct preparation of such registers,

accounts and other records, and shall deposit with the Deputy Commissioner, true copies of

such of them as the Government may, either by a general or special order, from time to

time direct.

(2) Where there is a village accountant, it shall be his duty to prepare and keep the registers,

accounts and other records referred to in this section, under the control of the holder of the

alienated village or his agent.

(3) When the holder of the alienated village fails to keep any registers, accounts or other records

or to deposit copies of them with the Deputy Commissioner, in accordance with the

provisions of this section, it shall be lawful for the Deputy Commissioner, to cause such

registers, accounts or other records or copies of them to be prepared by any other person

and to levy the cost of such preparation from the holder of the alienated village, as if it

were a revenue demand.

Section 17 - Survey Officers

For the purposes of Chapters VIII, IX and X of this Act, the Government may appoint such Officers as
it may, from time to time, consider necessary. Such Officers shall be designated "Superintendent and
Deputy Superintendent of Survey and Settlement", "Survey Settlement Officer", and "Assistant
Superintendent", or otherwise as may seem requisite, and shall be subordinated one to the other, in
such order as the Government may direct.

Subject to the orders of the Government, the Officers so appointed are vested with the cognizance of
all matters connected with survey and settlement, and shall exercise all such powers and perform all
such duties as may be prescribed by this or any other law for the time being in force.

Section 18 - Combination of Offices

It shall be lawful for the Government to appoint one and the same person, being otherwise

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competent according to law, to any two or more of the Offices provided for in this Chapter, or to
confer upon an Officer of one denomination all or any of the powers or duties of any other Officer or
Officers within certain local limits or otherwise as may seem expedient.

Section 19 - Certain Appointments to be Notified

The appointment of all Officers mentioned in Sections 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 17 and 18 shall be duly
notified in the Official Gazette.

Any Officer appointed to act temporarily for any such Officer shall exercise the same powers and
perform the same duties as might be performed or exercised by the Officer for whom he is so
appointed to act.

Section 20 - Establishments
Subject to the rules or orders made under Section 233, the appointment of all members of the
establishments of the undermentioned Officers shall, unless otherwise directed by Government, be
made by those Officers respectively, namely.--

[13]
[the Revenue Commissioner;]

the Deputy Commissioner;

the Superintendent of Survey;

any other Officers whom the Government may hereafter direct.

The appointment of all members of the establishments of all other Officers mentioned in the
foregoing sections of this Chapter and the appointment of all other subordinate Revenue Officers not
hereinbefore provided for, shall be made in their respective departments by the Deputy Commissioner
and the Superintendent of Survey:

Provided that it shall be lawful for them to delegate such portion of this power as they may deem fit
to any subordinate Officer, but subject to the retention of a right of revision at any time of the
appointments which may be made by such subordinate Officers.

[14]
[x x x x x.]

Section 21 - Seals
The Government shall, from time to time, by notification prescribe what Revenue Officers shall use a
seal and what size and description of seal shall be used by each of such Officers. Pending the issue
of the first orders under this section, the seals hitherto used shall continue to be used by such
Officers as have used them.

Section 22 - Government to direct what Officers shall furnish security and for
what amount
It shall be lawful for the Government to direct that suchRevenue Officers as it deems fit shall,
previously to entering upon their Office, furnish security to such amount as Government may in each
case deem expedient, either by deposit of Government paper duly endorsed, accompanied by power
to sell, or by deposit of cash in a Government Treasury or Government Savings Bank to the credit of

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the Government, or by the conveyance to the Government of approved immovable property, whose
estimated value may bear to the amount of security required any proportion prescribed by the
Government, or by a bond in the form contained in Schedule B to this Act.

The amount for which such security shall be furnished may be varied, from time to time, by order of
the Government, which shall also determine the number of sureties to be required when security is
taken in the form of Schedule B.

Section 23 - Fresh or Additional Security

The Deputy Commissioner or the Superintendent of Survey may, at any time after security has been
given by a Revenue Officer subordinate to him, if it appear to him that the security taken is
unsatisfactory, or if the Officer is transferred to an Office for which large security is required, or for
other sufficient reason, demand fresh or additional security, and, in case of the Officer failing to give
such security within such time not less than one month as the Deputy Commissioner or
Superintendent of Survey may fix after its being required of him, may suspend or dismiss him:

Provided always that no greater security shall be demanded than is required by the orders of the
Government under the last preceding section.

Section 24 - Demands for Money, Papers, etc., to be made known in writing to

persons concerned
The Deputy Commissioner or the Superintendent of Survey, or any Officer deputed by the Deputy
Commissioner or Superintendent of Survey for this purpose, shall, in all cases in which he may have
a claim on any Revenue Officer or any person formerly employed as such in his district or
department for public money or papers or other Government property, by writing under his Official
seal, if he use one, and signature, require the money or the particular papers or property detained to
be delivered either immediately to the person bearing the said writing, or to such person on such
date and at such place as the writing may specify.

If the Officer or other person as aforesaid shall not discharge the money, or deliver up the papers or
property as directed, or fail to assign sufficient cause for non-compliance with the requisition made as
aforesaid, the Deputy Commissioner or the Superintendent of Survey may cause him to
[15]
be [arrested and shall inform him, as soon as may be, of the grounds

Provided that no person shall be detained in confinement by virtue of such warrant for a longer
period than one calendar month" by Act No, 1 of 1956.

for such arrest and produce him or cause him to be produced before the nearest Magistrate within a
period of twenty-four hours of such arrest, excluding the time necessary for the journey from the
place of arrest to the Court of the Magistrate and no such person shall be detained in custody
beyond the said period without the authority of a Magistrate.

On such production the Magistrate may, after such enquiry as he thinks fit, order him to be confined
in Civil Jail till he discharges the sums or delivers up the papers or property demanded of him,
provided that no such person shall be so confined for a longer period than one month.]

Section 25 - Public moneys may also be recovered as arrears of revenue

The Deputy Commissioner, of his own motion, if the Officer or other person is or was serving in his
department and district and upon the application of the Superintendent of Survey if such Officer or

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person is or was serving in the Survey Department in his district, may also take proceedings to
recover any public moneys due by him in the same manner and subject to the same rules as are
laid down in this Act for the recovery of the arrears of land revenue from defaulters; and for the
purpose of recovering public papers or other property appertaining to Government, may issue a
search warrant and exercise all such powers with respect thereto as may be lawfully exercised by a
[16]
Magistrate under the provisions of Chapter VII of [the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (Central
Act V of 1898).]

It shall be the duty of all persons in possession of such public moneys, papers or other property
appertaining to Government to make over the same forthwith to the Deputy Commissioner, and every
person knowing where any such property is concealed shall be bound to give information of the same
to the Deputy Commissioner.

Section 26 - Surety liable in the same manner as principal

The surety or sureties of such Officer or other person as aforesaid, who may enter into a bond in the
form of Schedule B, shall be liable to be proceeded against jointly and severally in the same manner
as his or their principal is liable to be proceeded against in case of default, and notwithstanding such
principal may be so proceeded against:

Provided always that in any case of failure to discharge or make good any sum of money due to
Government or to produce any property of Government of ascertained value, no greater sum than is
sufficient to cover any loss or damage which the Government may actually sustain by the default of
the principal, shall be recovered from the surety or sureties, as the amount which may be due from
such surety or sureties under the terms of the security bond executed by him or them.

And provided also that the said surety or sureties shall in no case be liable to imprisonment in
default of producing public papers or property, if he or they pay into the Government Treasury the
whole or such part of the penalty named in the bond as may be demanded.

Section 27 - An Officer or surety in jail may, by furnishing certain security,

obtain his release
If an Officer or other person as aforesaid, or his surety or sureties, against whom a demand is made,
shall give sufficient security in the form of Schedule D, the Deputy Commissioner or Superintendent of
[17]
Survey [or the Magistrate], as the case may be, shall cause such Officer or surety if in custody to
be liberated, and countermand the sale of any property that may have been attached, and restore it
to the owner or other person from whose possession such property may have been seized.

Section 28 - Liability of surety not affected by death of principal or by his

taking different appointment
The liability of the surety or the sureties shall not be affected by the death of a principal, or by his
appointment to a situation different from that which he held when the bond was executed, but shall
continue so long as the principal occupies any situation in which security is required under Section 22
and until his bond is cancelled.

The heirs of a deceased Officer shall be bound to deliver to Government all public money or papers
or other Government property which may have come into their possession or control, and they may
be proceeded against in the same manner as the deceased Officer, if alive, could have been
proceeded against:

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Section 29 - How surety may withdraw from further liability

Any surety, whether under a separate or joint bond, may withdraw from his surety ship at any time,
on his stating in writing to the Officer to whom the bond has been given, that he desires so to
withdraw; and his responsibility under the bond shall cease after sixty days from the date on which
he gives such writing, as to all demands upon his principal concerning moneys, papers or other
property for which his principal may become chargeable after the expiration of such period of sixty
days, but shall not cease as to any demands for which his principal may have become liable before
the expiration of such period, even though the facts establishing such liability may not be discovered
till afterwards.

Section 30 - Prohibited Acts

(1) No Revenue Officer shall, except with the express permission of the Government.

(a) engage in trade, or be in any way concerned, directly or indirectly, either as principal or agent,

in any commercial transaction whatever; or

(b) purchase, or bid for, either in person or by agent or in his own name, or in the name of

another, or jointly, or in shares with others, any property which may, under the provisions of

this Act or of any other law for the time being in force, be sold by order of any revenue or

judicial authority in the district in which such Officers is at the time employed.

(2) And no Revenue Officer shall.

(a) derive either for himself or for any other individual any profit or advantage beyond his lawful

salary or emolument from any public money or property with the collection or charge of

which he is entrusted or connected; or

(b) demand or receive under the colour or by the exercise of his authority as such Revenue Officer

or by way of gratification or otherwise, or knowingly permit any other person to demand or

receive on his behalf, any sum or any consideration whatever over and above what he is

legally entitled to demand or receive under the provisions of this Act or of any other law for

the time being in force:

Provided that the restriction mentioned in paragraph (1) of this section shall not apply.--

(a) to a village Officer; or

(b) to a Revenue Officer under the grade of a Taluk Sheristedar who may have obtained the

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permission of the Deputy Commissioner or Superintendent of Survey to whom he may be

subordinate, as the case may be, unless such Officers himself appointed to conduct the sale

under paragraph (1)(b).

Section 31 - Power of fining, reducing suspending and dismissing in whom to

vest
Subject to rules or orders made under Section 233, all Revenue Officer may be fined, reduced,
suspended or dismissed for any such offence as is described in the last preceding section, or for any
breach of departmental rules or discipline, or for carelessness, unfitness, neglect of duty, or other
misconduct, by the authority by whom such Officer is appointed, or by any authority superior to such
authority; and this power may be delegated by such first named authority in whole or in part to any
subordinate Officer on the same condition that the power of appointment may be delegated under
Section 20.

Section 32 - All such orders to be made in writing

When any Revenue Officer passes an order for fining, reducing, suspending or dismissing any
subordinate Officer, he shall record such order or cause the same to be recorded, together with the
reasons therefor, in writing under his signature in the Kanarese language or in English, An appeal
against an order under this section shall lie to the authority immediately superior to the Officer
passing the order, and the decision of such authority shall be final, except in cases in which the
subordinate fined, reduced, suspended or dismissed is a Taluk Sheristedar or has been drawing a
[18]
monthly salary exceeding Rs. 40, in which case there shall be an appeal to [the Revenue
Commissioner.]

Section 33 - Fine not to exceed two months' pay

No fine inflicted under the foregoing provisions shall in any case exceed the amount of two months'
pay of the office held by the offender at the time of the commission of the offence.

Section 34 - And how recovered

All fines inflicted under this Chapter may be recovered from the Officer's pay, or, if necessary, may
be realized in the same way as arrears of land revenue are recoverable under this Act.

Section 35 - Liability to criminal prosecution not affected

Nothing in this Chapter shall affect any Officer's liability to a criminal prosecution for any offence with
which he may be charged.

Any Officer subject to such prosecution may be suspended pending the trial, and at its close may,
upon a consideration of the circumstances brought to light during its course, be suspended, reduced
[19]
or dismissed by any Competent Authority, [x x x x x.]

Section 36 - Public roads etc., and lands which are not, the property of others,
belong to Government
All public roads, lanes and paths, the bridges, ditches, dikes and fences, on or beside the same, the
bed of rivers, streams, nalas, lakes and tanks, and all canals, and water courses and all standing and
flowing water, and all lands wherever situated, which are not the property of individuals, or of

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aggregates of individuals legally capable of holding property, and except in so far as any rights of
such individuals may be established in or over the same, and except as may be otherwise provided
in any law for the time being in force, are and are hereby declared to be, with all rights in or over
the same, or appertaining thereto, the property of Government; and it shall be lawful for the
[20]
DeputyCommissioner [subject to the orders of the Revenue Commissioner] to dispose of them, in
[21]
such manner, as may be authorised [by general rules sanctioned by Government,] subject always
to the right of way, and all other rights of the public or individuals legally subsisting.

Section 37 - Encroachments upon public roads, streets, etc

When it is provided on a formal enquiry before the Deputy Commissioner that any public road, street
or thoroughfare, or any place of public resort or use, or the bed of any river, stream, nala, tank or
canal, the property of Government, has been encroached upon by any person, the Deputy
Commissioner may take possession of the part encroached upon, unless such part is shown to have
been held for a period of not less than twelve years. It shall be lawful for the Deputy Commissioner
to clear such land by the removal of any buildings or other obstruction, in the event of the person in
occupation thereof, or other persons interested, after written notice of not less than one month shall
have been served upon him, failing to do so himself.

Section 38 - Right to metals and minerals to vest in Government

Unless it is otherwise expressly provided by the terms of any grant made, or of any other instrument
of transfer executed by the Government for the time being, the right to all precious metals, precious
stones, coal and other minerals to be extracted by any process of mining from any lands whatsoever,
shall vest absolutely in the Government, and the Government shall[22][subject to the provisions of
Mines and Minerals (Regulation and Development) Act, 1948 (Central Act LIII of 1948)], have all the
powers necessary for the proper enjoyment or disposal of such rights:

Provided that.--

(1) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to apply to lime-stone, granite and such other ordinary

minerals as the Government, by notification in the Official Gazette, may from time to time

exempt from the scope of this section;

(2) If, for the purpose of exercising any of the rights referred to in this section either by the

Government or by any person acquiring such rights from the Government, any land in the

holding or enjoyment of others is required, such land may be acquired in accordance

with[23][the Karnataka Land Acquisition Act, 1894], and whenever, in the exercise of the

rights aforesaid, any damage be caused to any holder of land by the disturbance of the

surface of such land, and such holder and the Government be unable to agree as to the

amount of compensation to be paid to such holder for such damage, the same shall be

[24]
determined in accordance with the procedure prescribed by [the Karnataka Land Acquisition

Act, 1894.]

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[25][(3) to (7) x x x x x x.]

Section 39 - Lands may be assigned for special purposes and where so assigned
shall not be otherwise appropriated without the sanction of Government
[26]
Subject to the general orders of the Government,[27][it shall be lawful for Survey Officers] whilst
survey operations are proceeding under Chapter VIII of this Act and at any other time for
the[28][DeputyCommissioner] to set apart lands, the property of Government and not in the lawful
occupation of any person or aggregate of persons in unalienated villages or unalienated portions of
villages, for free pasturage for the village cattle, for forest reserves, or for other public or municipal
purpose; and lands assigned specially for any such purpose shall not be otherwise appropriated or
assigned without the sanction of the[29][Deputy Commissioner] and in the disposal of land under
Section 36, due regard shall be had to all such special assignments.

Section 40 - Regulation of use of pasturage

The right of grazing on free pasturage lands shall extend only to the cattle of the village or villages
to which such lands belong or have been assigned, either by custom or by an express order of the
Survey Officer or the Deputy Commissioner and shall beregulated by rules to be from time to time,
either generally or in any particular instance, prescribed by the Deputy Commissioner, subject to such
general rules, if any, as may be prescribed by the [30] [Deputy Commissioner]. The Deputy
Commissioner's decision as to the said right of grazing shall be final.

Section 41 - Right to trees in village to which survey settlement has not been
introduced

(1) In villages or portions of villages to which a survey settlement has not been introduced under

Bombay Act I of 1865 or under Chapter VIII of this Act the right to all trees, except such as

are reserved by Government under any law relating to forests for the time being in force,

shall be deemed to vest in the occupant, if any, of the land upon which they may be

standing except when such trees are the property of the Government or of individuals, in

which case it shall be competent for Government to transfer the right in question to the

occupant under such rules as the Government may, from time to time, frame in that behalf.

(2) In villages or portions of villages of which the original survey settlement has been completed

before the passing of this Act, the right of Government to all trees in unalienated land,

except trees reserved by Government or by any Survey Officer, whether by express order

made at or about the time of such settlement, or under any rule or general order in force at

the time of such settlement, or by notification made and published at or any time after such

settlement, shall be deemed to have been conceded to the occupant.

(3) In the case of villages or portions of villages of which the original survey settlement shall be

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completed after the passing of the Act, the right of Government to all trees in unalienated

land shall be deemed to be conceded to the occupant of such land, except in so far as any

such rights may be reserved by Government, or by any Survey Officer on behalf of

Government, either expressly at or about the time of such settlement, or generally by

notification made and published at any time previous to the completion of the survey

settlement of such village or portion of a village.

(4) When permission to occupy land has been, or shall hereafter be, granted after the completion

of the survey settlement of the village, or portion of village, in which such land is situate,

the said permission shall be deemed to include the concession of the right of Government to

all trees growing on that land which may not have been, or which shall not hereafter be,

expressly reserved at the time of granting such permission, or which may not have been

reserved under any of the foregoing provisions of this section, at or about the time of the

original survey settlement of the said village or portion of a village.

Section 42 - Government trees and forests

The right to all trees specially reserved under the provisions of the last preceding section, and to all
trees, brushwood, jungle or any other natural product, wherever growing, except in so far as the
same may be the property of individuals or of aggregates of individuals capable of holding property,
vests in the Government; and such trees, brushwood, jungle or other natural product shall be
preserved or disposed of in such manner as Government may, from time to time, direct.

Section 43 - Road-side trees

All road-side trees which have been planted and reared by or under the orders of, or at the expense
of, Government or at the expense of local funds, vest in Government. But in the event of such trees
dying, being blown down, or being cut down by order of the Deputy Commissioner, the timber shall
become the property of the holder of the land in which they were growing; and the usufruct,
including the lopping of such trees, shall also vest in the said holder, provided that the trees shall
not be lopped, except under the orders of the Deputy Commissioner.

If the holder of any land in which such trees are growing shall so desire and shall make an
application to the Deputy Commissioner for the purpose at any time within two years from the date
on which this Act shall come into operation, the Deputy Commissioner shall deduct the strip of land
covered by the said trees from his holding and remit thenceforward the proportionate amount of land
revenue due upon the strip so deducted. Any strip of land so deducted shall, with the trees upon it,
vest thereafter in Government.

Section 44 - Recovery of value of trees, etc., unauthorisedly appropriated

Any person who shall authorizedly fell and appropriate any trees or any portion thereof, or remove
any other natural product which is the property of Government, shall be liable to Government for the
value thereof, which shall be recoverable from him as an arrear of land revenue, and shall also be
liable to a fine not exceeding one hundred rupees, provided that the Deputy Commissioner may,

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instead of imposing a fine as aforesaid, institute criminal proceedings against him in respect of his
said appropriation of Government property.

The decision of the Deputy Commissioner as to the value of such tree or portion thereof or other
natural product shall be final.

Land Revenue

Section 45 - All land liable to pay revenue unless specially exempted

All land, whether applied to agricultural or other purposes, and wherever situate, is liable to the
payment of land revenue to Government according to the rules hereinafter enacted, except such as
may be wholly exempted under the provisions of any special contract with the Government or any
law for the time being in force.

Section 46 - Liability of alluvial lands to land revenue

All alluvial lands, newly formed islands or abandoned river-beds, which vest under any law for the
time being in force, in any holder of alienated land, shall be subject, in respect of liability to the
payment of land revenue, to the same privileges, conditions or restrictions as are applicable to the
original holding in virtue of which such lands, islands, or river-beds, so vest in the said holder; but no
revenue shall be leviable in respect of any such lands, islands or river-beds, until or unless the area
of the same exceeds half an acre and also exceeds one-tenth of the area of the said original holding,

Section 47 - Remission of assessment in cases of diluvian

Every holder of land paying revenue in respect thereof shall be entitled, subject to such rules as may
be from time to time made in this behalf by the Government, to a decrease of assessment if any
portion thereof, not being less than half an acre in extent, nor less than one-tenth of the holding, is
lost by diluvian.

Section 48 - Land Revenue upon what descriptions of land chargeable

The land revenue leviable under the provisions of this Act shall be chargeable.--

(a) upon land appropriated for purposes of agriculture;

(b) upon land from which any other profit or advantage than that ordinarily acquired by agriculture

is derived;

(c) upon land appropriated for building sites.

And the assessment fixed under the provisions of this act upon any land appropriated for any one of
the above purposes shall be liable to be altered and fixed at a different rate when such land is
appropriated for any other purpose, notwithstanding that the term, if any, for which such assessment
was fixed may not have expired.

When any land which is situated in an unalienated village, or which, being situated in an alienated
village, is excluded from the assets thereof, has been allowed by Government to be held free of
assessment or on a reduced assessment on conditions of it being appropriated to one purpose, it

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shall become liable to be charged with full assessment, if at any time it ceases to be appropriated
for such purpose.

It shall also be lawful for the Deputy Commissioner or for a Survey Officer, subject to rules or orders
made in this behalf under Section 233, to prohibit the appropriation of any unalienated land liable to
the payment of land revenue for certain purposes, and summarily evict any holder who may
appropriate, or attempt to appropriate, the same to such prohibited purposes.

Section 49 - Commuted assessment of land indirectly taxed to the State

(1) When it has been customary to levy any special or extra cess, fine or tax, however designated,

from any holder of land, which, though nominally wholly or partially exempt from the

payment of land revenue, has, by the exaction of such cess, fine or tax, been indirectly

taxed to the State; or

When any land ordinarily, or under certain circumstances, wholly or partially exempt from assessment,
is subject occasionally, or under particular circumstances, to the payment of assessment, or of any
cess, or tax, however designated;

the said assessment, cess, fine, or tax may be commuted into an annual assessment on the land to
be paid under all circumstances; but such commuted assessment shall not exceed such amount as
[31]
the [Revenue Commissioner] shall deem to be a fair equivalent of the assessment, cess, fine or
tax for which it is substituted, and shall not be in excess of the assessment to which the land would
be ordinarily subject if no right to exemption existed in respect thereof.

(2) Whenever any such cess, fine or tax hitherto payable by an inferior holder shall be made

leviable from the superior holder, it shall be lawful for such superior holder to recover from

such inferior holder the amount of the commuted assessment fixed in lieu of such cess, fine

or tax.

(3) When it has been customary to levy a larger revenue upon any portion of land than such

portion would ordinarily be liable to, in consideration of other land being held with it, which

is wholly or partially exempt from payment of revenue, the excess of revenue payable on the

said portion of land may be charged upon the land hitherto held, wholly or partially exempt.

Section 50 - Assessment by whom to be fixed

On all lands not wholly exempt from payment of land revenue, and not within the local operation of
an order made under Section 106, the assessment of the amount to be paid as land revenue shall
be fixed at the discretion of the Deputy Commissioner, subject to rules or order made in this behalf
under Section 233, and the amounts due according to such assessment shall be levied on all such
lands:

Provided that in the case of lands partially exempt from land revenue, or the liability of which to
payment of land revenue is subject to special conditions or restrictions, respect shall be had, in the

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fixing of theassessment and the levy of the revenue, to all rights legally subsisting, according to the
nature of the said rights.

Section 51 - Register of alienated lands

A register shall be kept by the Deputy Commissioner in such form as may, from time to time, be
prescribed by the Government, of all lands the alienation of which has been established or recognised
under the provisions of any law for the time being in force; and when it shall be shown to the
satisfaction of the Deputy Commissioner that a sannad granted in relation to any such alienated lands
has been permanently lost or destroyed, he may, subject to the rules and the payment of the fees
prescribed by the Government under Section 232, grant to any person whom he may deem entitled
to the same, a certified extract from the said register which shall be endorsed by the Deputy
Commissioner to the effect that it has been issued in lieu of the sannad said to have been lost or
destroyed, and shall be deemed to be as valid a proof of title as the said sannad.

Section 52 - Settlement of assessment to be made with the holder directly from

Government
The settlement of the assessment of each portion of land, or survey number, to the land revenue,
shall be made with the person who, under Section 142, is primarily responsible to Government for the
same.

If the said person be absent and have left no known authorized agent in the District, so that the
settlement of the assessment cannot be concluded with him, such settlement may be made with the
person holding under him, or in occupation of the land.

Section 53 - Rates for the use of water

The Government may authorize the Deputy Commissioner or the Officer-in-charge of a survey, or such
other Officer as it appoints to fix such rates as it may, from time to time, deem fit to sanction for
the use, by landholders and other persons, of water the right to which vests in Government, or which
has been made available in consequence of the construction, improvement or repair of any irrigational
[32]
or other work by Government [or by a private person acting under the written authority of
Government.] Such rates shall be liable to revision at such periods as Government shall from time to
time determine, and shall be recoverable as land revenue.

Section 54 - Land revenue a paramount charge on the land

[33]
[Arrears of land revenue due on account of land by any landholder shall be a paramount charge
on the holding and every part thereof, failure in payment of which shall make the occupancy or
alienated holding, together with all rights of the occupant or holder over all trees, crops, buildings
and things attached to the land, or permanently fastened to anything attached to the land, liable to
forfeiture, whereupon the Deputy Commissioner, may levy all sums in arrear by sale of the occupancy
or alienated holding, or may otherwise dispose of such occupancy or alienated holding under rules or
orders made in this behalf under Section 233, and such occupancy or alienated holding when
disposed of, whether by sale as aforesaid, or by transfer to another persons or otherwise howsoever,
except by restoration to the defaulter, shall, unless the Deputy Commissioner, otherwise directs, be
deemed to be freed from all tenures, rights, incumbrances and equities theretofore created by the
occupant or holder or any of his predecessors in title or in any wise subsisting as against such
[34]
occupant or holder,] [but so as not to affect the rights of kadim tenants or permanent tenants in
alienated holdings.]

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Section 55 - Forfeited holding may be taken possession of and otherwise

disposed of
It shall be lawful for the Deputy Commissioner, in the event of the forfeiture of a holding through
any default in payment or other failure occasioning such forfeiture under the last preceding section or
any law for the time being in force, to take immediate possession of the land embraced within such
holding, and to dispose of the same by placing it in the possession of the purchaser or other person
entitled to hold it according to the provisions of this Act or any other law for the time being in force.

Section 56 - Receipts to be granted by Revenue Officers for payments of land

revenue
Every Revenue Officer, receiving payment of land revenue shall give a written receipt for the same.

And every superior holder of an alienated village or of an alienated share of a village, or a duty
authorized agent of such superior holder, shall give a written receipt for every payment of rent or
land revenue made to him by an inferior holder.

Section 57 - Penalty for failure to grant receipts

Any person convicted of a breach of the provisions of the last preceding section, after summary
enquiry before the Deputy Commissioner, shall be liable to a fine not exceeding three times the
amount received for which receipt was not duly granted.

Section 58 - Written permission of Amildar required previous to taking up

unoccupied land
Any person desirous of taking up unoccupied land which has not been alienated must, previously to
entering upon occupation, obtain the permission in writing of the Amildar or Deputy Amildar, or as
may be provided under rules made in this behalf under Section 233.

Section 59 - Penalties for unauthorised occupation of land

Any person who shall unauthorizedly occupy any land set apart for any special purpose, or any
unoccupied land which has not been alienated, shall,

if the land which he unauthorizedly occupies forms part of an assessed survey number, pay the
assessment of the entire number for the whole period of his occupation; and

if the land so occupied by him has not been assessed, such amount of assessment as would be
leviable for the said period in the same village on the same extent of similar land appropriated to
the same purpose;

and shall also be liable, at the discretion of the Deputy Commissioner, to a fine not exceeding five
rupees, or a sum equal to ten times the amount of assessment payable by him for one year, if such
sum be in excess of five rupees, if he has taken up the land for purposes of cultivation, and not
exceeding such limits as may be fixed in rules or orders made in this behalf under Section 233 if he
have appropriated it to any non-agricultural purpose.

The Deputy Commissioner's decision as to the amount of assessment payable for the land
unauthorizedly occupied, shall be final, and in determining the amount of assessment payable for the
land unauthorizedly occupied, occupation for an incomplete portion of a year shall be counted as for
a whole year.

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The person unauthorizedly occupying any such land may be summarily evicted by the Deputy
Commissioner, and any crops he may have raised on the land shall be liable to forfeiture, and any
building or other construction he may have erected thereon shall also, if not removed by him after
such written notice as the Deputy Commissioner may deem reasonable, be liable to forfeiture.

Forfeiture under this section shall be adjudged by the Deputy Commissioner, and any property so
forfeited shall be disposed of as the Deputy Commissioner may direct.

[35]
[On the application of the holder of an alienated village or on complaint by any aggrieved person,
the Deputy Commissioner may exercise in respect of any lands situated in the alienated village the
powers vested in him under this section.]

Section 60 - Occupancy rights to be paid for and to be liable to certain

conditions
It shall be competent to the Deputy Commissioner, subject to such orders as may from time to time
be made by the Government, to require the payment of a certain price for the occupancy, or to sell
that right by auction, and to annex such conditions to the occupancy as may seem fit, before
permission to occupy is granted under Section 58.

The price of an occupancy shall, unless otherwise directed by the terms of the sale, include the price
of the Government right to all trees not reserved under the provisions of Section 41 and shall be
recoverable as an arrear of land revenue.

Section 61 - Occupancy of alluvial land which vests in Government

When it appears to the Deputy Commissioner that the occupancy of any alluvial land which vests,
under any law for the time being in force, in Government, may, with due regard to the interests of
the public revenue, be disposed of in perpetuity, or otherwise as the Government may direct by rules
or orders made in this behalf under Section 233, he shall offer the prior right of occupancy thereof to
the occupant, if any, of the bank or shore on which such alluvial land has formed.

The price of an occupancy so offered shall not exceed three times the annual assessment of the land
of which the occupancy is offered.

If the said occupant shall refuse such occupancy, the Deputy Commissioner may dispose of the same
under the last preceding section without any restrictions as to the price thereof.

Section 62 - Temporary right to alluvial land of small extent

When alluvial land forms on any bank or shore, the occupant, if any, of such bank or shore shall be
entitled to the temporary use and occupation thereof, unless or until the area of the same exceeds
half an acre, and also exceeds one-tenth of the area of his holding. When the area of the alluvial
land exceeds the said extent, it shall be at the disposal of the Deputy Commissioner, subject to the
provisions of the last preceding section.

The word "holding", in this section and in Section 47 shall be deemed to mean a survey number, or
any division of land on which a distinct or aggregate assessment has been fixed.

Occupant's Bights

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Section 63 - Uses to which occupant of land for purposes of agriculture may put
his land

(1) An occupant of land appropriated for purposes of agriculture is entitled, by himself, his

servants, tenants, agents, or other legal representatives, to erect farm-buildings and dwelling

houses for agriculturists and their labourers, construct wells or tanks, or make any other

improvements thereon for the better cultivation of the land or its more convenient occupation

for the purposes aforesaid.

(2) But if any occupant wishes to appropriate his holding or any part thereof to any other purpose,

the Deputy Commissioner's permission shall, in the first place, be applied for by the

registered occupant. The Deputy Commissioner, on receipt of such application, shall at once

furnish the applicant with a written acknowledgement of its receipt, and, after inquiry, either

grant or refuse the same, but if the applicant receives no answer within three months from

the date of the said acknowledgement, the Deputy Commissioner's permission may be

deemed to have been granted. Unless the Deputy Commissioner shall, in particular instances,

otherwise direct, no such application shall be recognized, except it be made by the registered

occupant.

(3) When any such land is thus appropriated to any purpose unconnected with agriculture, it shall

be lawful for the Deputy Commissioner, subject to general orders of Government, to require

the payment of a fine in addition to any new assessment which may be leviable under the

provisions of Section 48.

Section 64 - Penalty for so appropriating land without permission

If any such land be so appropriated without the permission of the Deputy Commissioner being first
obtained or before the expiry of three months from the date of the said acknowledgement, the
occupant and any tenant or other person holding under or through him shall be liable to be
summarily evicted by the Deputy Commissioner, from the land so appropriated, or from the entire
field or survey number of which it may form a part, and the registered occupant shall also be liable
to pay, in addition to the new assessment which may be leviable under the provisions of Section 48,
for the period during which the said land has been so appropriated, such fine as the Deputy
Commissioner may, subject to the general orders of the Government, direct.

Any co-occupant or any tenant of any occupant, or any other person holding under or through an
occupant, who shall, without any registered occupant's consent, appropriate any such land to any
such purpose and thereby render the said registered occupant liable to the penalties aforesaid, shall
be responsible to the said registered occupant in damages:

Provided that the Deputy Commissioner may, instead of fining the registered occupant as aforesaid,
fine any co-occupant or any tenant of any occupant, or any other persons holding under or through

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an occupant, who may have, without the registered occupant's consent, appropriated any such land to
any such purpose as aforesaid.

Section 64A - Deputy Commissioner's powers under Sections 63 and 64 in

alienated villages
[36]
The Deputy Commissioner may also exercise the powers under Section 63 and Section 64, in
respect of land in an alienated village on the application of the holder thereof and in the case of
villages to which Section 99(d) of the said Code does not apply, also on the application of the tenant
of the land.]

Section 65 - Permission may be granted on terms

Nothing in the last two preceding sections shall prevent the granting of the permission aforesaid in
special cases on such terms as may be agreed on between Government and the registered occupant.

Section 66 - Occupants' rights are conditional

An occupant is entitled to the use and occupation of his land for the period, if any, to which the
occupancy is limited, or, if the period is unlimited, in perpetuity, conditionally on the payment of the
amounts due on account of the land revenue for the same according to the provisions of this Act, or
of any rules made under this Act, or of any other law for the time being in force, and on the
fulfilment of any other terms lawfully annexed to his occupancy.

Section 66A - Deputy Commissioner's power to grant permission to occupy land

temporarily

[37](1) It shall be lawful for the Deputy Commissioner at anytime to grant permission to any person

to occupy unalienated unoccupied land for such purposes, for such period and on such conditions as

he may, subject to rules made by Government in this behalf, prescribe, and in any such case the

occupancy shall, whether a survey settlement has been extended to the land or not, be held only for

the period and subject to the conditions so prescribed.

(2) Whenever any person occupying or in possession of any land granted under this section fails to

comply with any of the conditions so prescribed, such person may be evicted by the Deputy

Commissioner, after a summary inquiry.

Section 66B - Transfer of occupancy without Deputy Commissioner's sanction

In any case where an occupancy is not transferable without the previous sanction of the Deputy
Commissioner, and such sanction has not been granted to a transfer which has been made or which
is ordered by a Civil Court or on which the Court's decree or order is founded.

(a) such occupancy shall not be liable to the process of any Court, and such transfer shall be null

and void; and

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(b) the Court, on receipt of a certificate under the hand and seal of the Deputy Commissioner to

the effect that any such occupancy is not transferable without his previous sanction and that

such sanction has not been granted, shall remove any attachment or other process placed

on, or set aside any sale of, or affecting, such occupancy.]

Section 67 - Decree or order of Competent Court to be given effect to

If, by a decree or order of a Competent Court, it shall be adjudged that the occupant of any land is
an inferior holder under another person, or that the occupancy is vested in another person, or if in
the execution of such a decree or order the interests of the occupant in the land have been
transferred by sale or otherwise to another person, such other person shall, on producing a certified
copy of the decree or order, or the Court'scertificate of the sale, or other transfer, be deemed to be
the occupant and be dealt with accordingly/and on written application being made to the Deputy
Commissioner for the purpose, such change shall be made in the entry of the registered occupant's
name as the circumstances require.

Section 68 - Name of heir to be registered when registered occupant dies

On the death of a registered occupant, the Deputy Commissioner shall cause the name of his eldest
son, or other person appearing to be his heir or the principal of his heirs, to be registered in his
stead, and the said heir shall thereafter be deemed the registered occupant, and, subject to the
provisions of the last preceding section, shall be dealt with accordingly.

Section 69 - When entry to be amended

If at any time any person shall, by production of a certificate of heirship or of a decree or order of a
Competent Court, satisfy the Deputy Commissioner that he is entitled to be the registered occupant
in preference to the person whose name the Deputy Commissioner has ordered to be registered
under Section 68, the Deputy Commissioner shall cause the entry in the Government records to be
amended accordingly.

Section 70 - Right of occupancy to be transferable and heritable

The right of occupancy shall be deemed an heritable and transferable property subject to the
provisions contained in Section 54, or otherwise prescribed by law, and shall immediately pass to the
person whose agreement to become an occupant shall have been accepted by the Deputy
Commissioner.

Relinquishment of Occupancy

Section 71 - Occupant may relinquish his occupancy

An occupant may, by giving written notice to the Amildar or Deputy Amildar, relinquish his occupancy,
either absolutely or in favour of a specified person: provided that such relinquishment apply to the
entire occupancy or to whose survey numbers, or recognized shares of survey numbers.

An occupancy absolutely relinquished shall be at the disposal of Government, and shall be disposed of
by the Deputy Commissioner in accordance with such rules as may, from time to time, be framed by
Government in that behalf.

An absolute relinquishment shall, unless otherwise directed by any special or general rules framed by

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Government, be deemed to have effect from the close of the current revenue year, and notice
thereof must be given before the 31st March in such year, or before such other date as may be,
from time to time, prescribed in this behalf for each district by the Government. A relinquishment in
favour of a specified person may be made at any time.

When there are more occupants than one, the notice of relinquishment must be given by the
registered occupant; and the person, if any, in whose favour an occupancy is relinquished, or, if such
occupancy is relinquished in favour of more persons than one, the principal of such persons, must
enter into a written agreement to become the registered occupant, and his name shall thereupon be
substituted in the records for that of the previous registered occupant.

Section 72 - Relinquishment of lands paying a lump assessment

When a lump assessment is fixed upon several fields or survey numbers in the aggregate, it shall not
be lawful for the occupant to relinquish as aforesaid any one or more of such fields or survey
numbers except with the previous consent of the Deputy Commissioner. It shall be competent to the
Deputy Commissioner to grant or refuse his consent; if he grants it, the occupancy shall be divided,
and the Deputy Commissioner, shall determine the proportional amount of land revenue to be paid by
each portion of it and the original occupant and the person, if any, in whose favour he relinquishes a
portion of his occupancy, shall be held liable for the revenue severally assessed on their portions.

Section 73 - Relinquishment of alienated land

The provisions of the last two sections shall apply, as far as may be, to the holders of alienated
land:

Provided(a) that it shall not be lawful to relinquish as aforesaid any portion of any land held wholly
or partially exempt under the circumstances described in the first paragraph of Section 49 until the
commuted assessment payable in respect of such portion of land has been determined under the
provisions of the said section; and

(b) that if any person relinquishes land on which, under the circumstances described in Section 49, a

larger revenue is levied than would ordinarily be leviable on such land, he shall be deemed to have

relinquished also the land held with it which is wholly or partially except from payment of revenue.

Section 74 - Right of way to relinquished land

If any person relinquishes land, the way to which lies through other land which he retains, the right
of way through the land so retained shall continue to the future holder of the land relinquished.

Section 75 - Sections 72 and 73 not to operate in certain cases

Nothing in Sections 72 and 73 shall affect--

(a) the responsibility of any share in a village for the land revenue of which the shares are all

according to law or the custom of the village, jointly responsible, or

(b) the validity of the terms or conditions of any lease or other express instrument under which

land is, or may hereafter be, held from Government.

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Section 76 - Occupant or holder to continue liable for all demands until the
occupancy or holding is duly relinquished or transferred
The registered occupant or the holder of alienated land shall continue liable for the land revenue due
on the occupancy or alienated holding and for all other lawful demands of Government in respect of
the same, until such time as the occupancy or alienated holding is relinquished or transferred, under
any of the provisions of this Act, to the name of any other person; and the Deputy Commissioner
shall not be bound in any case to recognize any person to whom any interest in any portion of an
occupancy or alienated holding has been assigned, unless the transfer has been recorded in the
Revenue Records in accordance with the foregoing provisions.

Remedies against Forfeiture of Occupancies and Alienated Holdings

Section 77 - To prevent forfeiture of occupancy, certain persons other than the

registered occupant may pay the land revenue
In order to prevent the forfeiture of an occupancy or alienated holding under the provisions of Section
54 or of any other law for the time being in force, through non-payment, by the registered occupant
or by the holder of the alienated holding, of the land revenue due on account of the occupancy or
alienated holding, it shall be lawful for any co-occupant, co-holder, co-sharer, tenant, mortgagee or
other person interested in the continuance of the occupancy or alienated holding, to pay, on behalf of
such registered occupant or holder, all sums due on account of land revenue, and for the Deputy
Commissioner to receive the same.

And in any such case, the Deputy Commissioner may give to the person who has paid the land
revenue as aforesaid such aid for the recovery of the proportional amounts which he may consider to
be properly payable by other persons in occupation or enjoyment of parts of a field or survey number
or alienated holding as he might legally have given had the persons so paying been the registered
occupants or holders of alienated holdings:

Provided that nothing authorized or done under the provisions of this section shall affect the rights of
the parties interested as the same may be established in any suit between such parties in a Court of
competent jurisdiction.

Section 78 - Deputy Commissioner may in certain cases make co-occupant or

other person registered occupant instead of selling occupancy for realization of
land revenue
If it shall appear to the Deputy Commissioner that a registered occupant or holder of an alienated
holding has failed to pay land revenue, and has thus incurred forfeiture with a view to injure or
defraud his co-occupants, co-holders, co-sharers or other persons interested in the continuance of the
occupancy or alienated holding, or that a sale of the occupancy or alienated holding will operate
unfairly to the prejudice of such co-occupants co-holders, co-sharers or other persons, it shall be
lawful for him, instead of selling the occupancy or alienated holding, to forfeit only the interest in the
same of the said registered occupant or holder of alienated holding, as the case may be, and to
substitute the name of any such co-occupant, co-holder, co- sharer, or other person as registered
occupant or holder thereof in the revenue records, on his payment of all sums due on account of
land revenue for the occupancy or alienated holding; and such person so becoming the registered
occupant or holder shall have the rights and remedies with respect to all other persons in occupation
or enjoyment provided for by Section 97.

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Section 79 - Amount of rent payable by tenant

A person placed, as tenant, in possession of land by another, or, in that capacity, holding, taking or
retaining possession of land permissively from or by sufferance of another, shall be regarded as
holding the same at the rent, or for the services, agreed upon between them; or, in the absence of
satisfactory evidence of such agreement of the rent payable or services renderable by the usage of
the locality, or, if there be no such agreement or usage, shall be presumed to hold at such rent as,
having regard to all the circumstances of the case, shall be just and reasonable.

And, where, by reason of the antiquity of a tenancy, no satisfactory evidence of its commencement is
forthcoming, and there is not any such evidence of the period of its intended duration, if any, agreed
upon between the landlord and tenant, or those under whom they respectively claim title, or any
usage of the locality as the duration of such tenancy, it shall, as against the immediate landlord of
the tenant, be presumed to be co-extensive with the duration of the tenure of such landlord and of
those who derive title under him.

[38]
[Explanation.--In the following cases, such a presumption shall be raised.--

(1) where the tenant has been recognised as a permanent tenant by the landlord or by a Court in

a suit to which the landlord was a party;

(2) where a tenant holds land in respect of which any alienation has been recognised by the

landlord or by a Court in a suit to which the landlord was a party or where the alienation

has not been contested by the landlord for twelve years from the date of the service of

notice of alienation to the landlord;

(3) where for the better cultivation of the holding the tenant has made permanent improvements

thereon to the knowledge of the landlord and has been in undisturbed possession of the

holding continuously for twelve years thereafter: provided that the landlord has made no

contribution for such improvements nor recovered enhanced rent from the tenant nor given

any notice in writing to the tenant that such improvements would not create any new rights;

(4) where, in the absence of a contract regarding the nature and duration of the tenancy, the

tenant has established that he has been in continuous possession on payment of fixed rent

for a period of[39][twelve] years or more.]

And where there is no satisfactory evidence of the capacity in which a person in possession of land
in respect of which he renders service or pays rent to the landlord, receives, holds or retains
possession of the same, it shall be presumed that he is in possession as tenant.

Nothing contained in this section shall affect the right of the landlord (if he have the same either by
virtue of agreement, usage or otherwise) to enhance the rent payable, or services renderable, by the

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tenant, or to evict the tenant for non-payment of the rent or non-rendition of the services, either
respectively originally fixed or duly enhanced as aforesaid.

Section 80 - Annual tenancy terminates on 31st March

An annual tenancy shall, in the absence of proof to the contrary, be presumed to run from the end
of one cultivating season to the end of the next. The cultivating season may be presumed to end on
the 31st March.

An annual tenancy shall, in the absence of any special agreement to the contrary, require for its
termination a notice given in writing by the landlord to the tenant or by the tenant to the landlord at
least three months before the end of the year of tenancy at the end of which it is intimated that the
tenancy is to cease. Such notice may be in the form of Schedule E or to the like effect.

Section 81 - Landlord to furnish tenant with written lease

Every tenant is entitled to receive from his landlord a written lease containing the following
particulars.--

(a) the quantity and description of land held by him, and where the fields have been numbered in

the records of a Government survey or other public record, the number of each field;

(b) the amount of annual rent, if any, payable for such land;

(c) the instalments in which, and the dates on which, such rent is to be paid;

(d) any special conditions of the lease; and

(e) if the rent is payable in kind, the quantity or the share of produce to be delivered; and the

time, manner and place to delivery.

Section 82 - Landlord entitled to written engagement from tenant

Every landlord who grants a lease is entitled to receive a written reciprocal engagement from the
tenant, executed by the tenant and in conformity with the terms of the lease. The tender to any
tenant of a lease such as he is entitled to receive shall entitle the landlord to receive a reciprocal
engagement from such tenant.

Section 83 - Leases or agreements fixing rent in perpetuity

(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in Section 79, where, before the passing of this Act, any

lease has been granted or any agreement entered into fixing in perpetuity the rent of

unalienated land, such lease or agreement shall, when the Government revenue payable in

respect of such land is enhanced, be voidable at the option of the landlord, unless the tenant

agrees to pay such rent as the Deputy Commissioner or other person duly empowered in this

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behalf may, on the application of the landlord, determine to be fair and reasonable.

(2) When the Government revenue payable in respect of such land is reduced, such rent as the

Deputy Commissioner or other person duly empowered in this behalf may, on the application

of the tenant, determine to be fair and reasonable, shall be accepted by the landlord.

(3) The determination of the amount of rent under this section shall be such that the net profits

accruing to the landlord therefrom are the same as before the enhancement or reduction of

the Government revenue.

Section 84 - "Kadim tenant" defined

A tenant holding alienated land, whether situated in an alienated village or not, and paying to the
superior holder of such land, by way of land revenue, a rent in money or in kind assessed at rates
of land revenue assessment obtaining at the time when such land was alienated by Government, or
at rates subsequently fixed in accordance with the established rates of land revenue assessment for
the village, or at rates fixed by competent revenue authority or by a survey settlement, shall have a
right to continue to hold such land at the rent hitherto paid for it, or, when such1. Substituted for
the word "twenty" by Act No. XVII of 1939. rent is altered in accordance with this Act, at the rent so
altered.

Such a tenant shall be called a "kadim tenant".

The payment of rent by the person or persons from whom a kadim tenant derives his title shall be
the payment of rent by such tenant within the meaning of this section.

A kadim tenant shall have all rights which are conferred by this Act upon an occupant of unalienated
land.

Section 85 - Superior holder may arrange his own terms of rent for alienated
waste land
In the case of alienated lands which are either immemorial waste lands or lands left unoccupied
through voluntary relinquishment or otherwise, it shall be lawful for the superior holder, by means of
a written agreement to arrange his own terms of rent with the applicants for such lands:

Provided that nothing in this section shall affect any special rights which, by law or usage having the
force of law, are held by any individual or class of individuals in such waste or unoccupied lands.

Section 86 - Extent to which rent payable by a Kadim tenant may be enhanced

The rent payable by a kadim tenant shall not be liable to enhancement except.--

(a) to the extent of the proper full assessments as fixed and recorded at a survey under

[40]
Sections [111 and 120] or under a revision of survey under Section 115;

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(b) to the extent necessary for reimbursing the superior holder for any cesses assessable on lands

which Government may newly impose upon him;

(c) to the extent of the additional value imparted to the holding by any work of irrigation or other

improvement executed at the expense of the superior holder, or to the extent of any

additional tax which he has been required to pay to Government by reason of the additional

value imparted to the holding, whether by the use of Government water, or by any work of

irrigation or other improvement executed at the expense of Government:

Provided that the enhancement of rent due to additional value imparted to a holding under this
section shall be fixed in accordance with the established local usage of the village, or, where there is
no such local usage, in accordance with rates of assessment prevailing in neighbouring villages as
regards lands, alienated or unalienated, of similar quality with similar advantages; and

(d) to the extent of the increased area of the holding due to alluvion, but subject to the conditions

specified in Sections 46 and 62.

Section 87 - Grounds for abatement of rent payable by a kadim tenant

The rent payable by a kadim tenant is liable to abatement.--

(1) on the ground that the area of the land held by him has been diminished by diluvion or

otherwise, by any cause beyond his control;]

(2) to the extent of any reduction of assessment at a survey or revision of survey under

[41]
Sections [111, 115 and 120;]

(3) when there has been an enhancement of rent on any of the grounds specified in clauses (b)

and (c) of Section 86, to the extent to which such grounds have ceased to exist, as well as

to the extent to which the holding has deteriorated in value, by reason of the superior

holder's neglect to repair or maintain irrigation works and the consequent diminution of the

supply of water for irrigation purposes.

Section 87A - Provision for remission of rent or land revenue payable by a

kadim tenant in an alienated village
[42]
When owing to inadequate rainfall in any tract, the Government orders remission of assessment in
respect of lands in the tract, the payment of the rent or land revenue by a kadim tenant to the
superior holder in respect of a land in any alienated village comprised in such tract shall be remitted
to an amount prescribedby rules by the Government, and the loss of rent or land revenue incurred
by the said superior holder shall be divided between the Government and the said superior holder in

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the proportion of the land revenue payable by the said superior holder to the Government and the
total assessment of the village less than the land revenue payable by the said superior holder to the
Government]

Section 88 - Suit for enhancement or abatement of rent to be made to Deputy

Commissioner
Any person entitled to have rent enhanced or abated upon any of the grounds specified in Sections
83, 86 and 87 may bring a suit before the Deputy Commissioner within whose district the land on
account of which such rent is payable is situated, and such Deputy Commissioner shall decide the
suit after holding a formal enquiry.

Section 89 - Nothing in Sections 84 to 87 to bar the enhancement or abatement

of rent by written agreement of landlord and tenant
Notwithstanding anything contained in Sections 84 to 87 (both inclusive), an enhancement or
abatement of rent payable by a kadim tenant may be effected by agreement in writing between
tenant and landlord duly registered in accordance with the provisions of any law for the time being in
force relating to the registration of assurances, and Civil Courts may take cognizance of suits based
upon such agreement,

Section 90 - Operation of decision for enhancement or abatement of rent from

what date to commence
Every decision for enhancement or abatement of rent passed by the Deputy Commissioner under
Section 88 shall, except' when such decision otherwise expressly directs, take effect from the
commencement of the revenue year next following the date of the filing of the suit.

Section 91 - Terms of kadim tenant's leases

Kadim tenants are entitled to receive leases at the rate hitherto paid by them or determined in
accordance with the provisions of Section 88.

All other tenants are entitled to leases on such terms as may be agreed upon between them and
their landlords.

Section 92 - On refusal of superior holder, tenant to apply to Deputy

Commissioner for lease
When any superior holder of alienated land shall, for three months after demand, have refused to
grant such lease as his tenant was entitled to receive, it shall be lawful for the latter to proceed by
filing a suit before the Deputy Commissioner, who shall, after a formal enquiry decide the terms of
the lease to which the tenant is entitled, and direct the superior holder to grant him such lease, and
shall further award to the tenant such costs and damages as may be shown to have been incurred
by him.

Section 93 - On refusal of tenant to accept lease or to execute reciprocal

engagement, superior holder to apply to Deputy Commissioner
When any tenant holding alienated land shall, for one month after demand, have refused to accept
such a lease as the superior holder of such land was entitled to grant, or to execute a reciprocal
engagement under Section 82, it shall be lawful for the superior holder to proceed by a suit before
the Deputy Commissioner to enforce the acceptance of such lease. The Deputy Commissioner shall

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thereupon hold a formal enquiry to determine whether the lease offered is a proper one.

If he shall be of opinion that the lease is a proper one, he shall pass a decision directing the tenant
to accept the lease and to execute a reciprocal engagement in accordance with it. If the Deputy
Commissioner shall be of opinion that the lease offered is not a proper one, he shall decide what
lease ought to be offered and shall pass a decision directing the tenant to accept such lease and to
execute a reciprocal engagement in accordance therewith.

If, within six months after the date of the Deputy Commissioner's decision, the tenant shall not have
accepted the lease, as approved or amended by the Deputy Commissioner in the manner aforesaid,
and shall not have executed a reciprocal engagement in accordance with the terms of such lease, the
Deputy Commissioner, on the application of the superior holder and on proof of such default on the
part of the tenant, shall pass an order for ejecting the tenant.

Section 94 - Determination of disputes in suits under Sections 92 and 93

The determination of disputes regarding the amount or rates of rent in suits under Sections 92 and
93 shall be in accordance with the rules contained in Sections 86 and 87.

Section 95 - Procedure on refusal of superior holder to grant lease as directed

(1) When the superior holder required by a decision under Section 92 to grant a lease refuses or

delays to grant the same, the Deputy Commissioner may grant a lease under his own hand

and seal in conformity with the terms of the decision, and such lease shall be of the same

force and effect as if granted by such superior holder.

(2) When the tenant required by a decision under Section 93 to execute a reciprocal engagement

has refused or failed to execute the same, the decision shall be evidence of the amount of

rent claimable from such tenant, and shall have the same force and effect as a reciprocal

engagement executed by him.

Section 96 - Procedure in suits under Sections 88, 92 and 93

[43]
(1) In suits under Sections 88, 92 and 93, the procedure prescribed by [Orders IV, VI, VII,VIII, IX

and XLVII of the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (Central Act V of 1908)

and the Arbitration Act, 1940 (Central Act X of 1940)], shall be followed in so far as the

same may be applicable to them.

"(2) An appeal shall lie to the High Court from all decisions passed by a Deputy Commissioner under

Sections 88, 92 and 93, and from all orders passed in execution of any such decision:

Provided that the appeal be presented to the High Court within ninety days of the Deputy

Commissioner's decision or order. But no such decision or order shall be set aside otherwise than

upon the merits, for any want of form or irregularity in procedure."

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Section 96A - Land Revenue payable to a superior holder by an inferior holder

to be a first charge on the holding
[44]
Any rent or land revenue payable by an inferior holder to a superior holder together with interest
at rates fixed by any rules framed by Government, shall be a first charge on the holding or any part
thereof, provided that nothing in this section shall affect any right of the Government or any right of
encumbrance created by the inferior holder with the consent of the superior holder in writing
registered on or before the date of this Act coming into force.]

Section 97 - Superior holders entitled to assistance in recovering rent

Superior holders (other than occupants of unalienated lands in villages, the settlement of which has
not been completed under Bombay Act I of 1865 or under Chapter VIII of this Act) shall be entitled
to apply to the Deputy Commissioner in writing for assistance, by the use of precautionary and other
measures, for the recovery of rent or land revenue payable to them by inferior holders or by co-
sharers in their holdings, under the same rules, except that contained in Section 143, and in the
same manner as prescribed in Chapter XI of this Act for the realization of land revenue by the
Government:

[45]
[Provided that such application be made within two years, and in the case of alienated or
kayamgutta villages into which survey and settlement have been introduced, within six years from the
end of the revenue year or the year of tenancy in which the said rent or land revenue became
payable;]

And provided further that, when such application is for the recovery of rent or land revenue from, an
inferior holder, it is based,--

Firstly, upon a written agreement duly executed by such inferior holder and registered in accordance
with the law for the time being in force for the registration of assurances; or

Secondly, upon a decision passed under any of the foregoing provisions of this Chapter; or

Thirdly, upon the records of a revenue settlement in force for the time being as proved by
Government accounts or by accounts which Government recognizes for the purpose of this section.

Section 98 - Deputy Commissioner how to proceed on such application

On application being made under Section 97 to the Deputy Commissioner, he shall cause a written
notice thereof to be served on the inferior holder or co-sharer fixing a day for inquiry into the case.
On the day so fixed, he shall hold a summary inquiry, and shall pass an order for rendering
assistance to the superior holder for the recovery of such amount, if any, of rent or land revenue as
appears to him upon the evidence before him to be lawfully due.

But if it appears to the Deputy Commissioner that the question at issue between the parties is of a
complicated nature, he may in his discretion either refuse the assistance asked for, or, if the land to
which the dispute relates has been assessed under the provisions of Chapter VIII of this Act, or at
any survey settlement confirmed by Section 121, grant assistance to the extent only of the
assessment so fixed upon the said land.

Nothing in this section shall prevent either party from having recourse to the Civil Courts to recover
from the other such amount as he may deem to be still due to him, or to have been levied from

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him in excess of what was due, as the case may be.

Grant of Special Powers to Holders of Alienated Lands

Section 99 - Government may, by commission, confer certain powers on holders

of alienated lands
It shall be lawful for the Government at any time to issue a commission to any holder of alienated
lands, conferring upon him all or any of the following powers in respect of the land specified in such
commission, namely.--

(a) to demand security for the payment of the land revenue or rent due to him, and, if the same

be not furnished, to take such precautions as the Deputy Commissioner is authorized to take

under Sections 147 to 149, except the power to fine under para 3 of Section 148, or to sell

the crop under Section 149;

(b) to attach the property of persons making default in the payment of such land revenue or rent

as aforesaid;

[46](c) to exercise the powers of a Deputy Commissioner under Sections 63 and 64;

(d) to receive notices of relinquishment under Section 71, and to determine the date up to which

such notices shall be received as in that section provided; and

(e) to take measures for the maintenance and repair of boundary marks in the manner provided for

Survey Officers in Section 130:

Provided that the powers contemplated in clauses (c) to (e), both inclusive, shall be conferred only on
[47]
holders of lands to which a survey settlement has been extended .

And provided further that the Government may in its discretion invest any holders of alienated village
with any of the powers of a Deputy Commissioner under this Act, when such holder has, within the
thirty years before the passing of this Act, regularly exercised corresponding powers whenever the
estate has been in his own management.

Section 100 - Terms of such commission

Every such commission shall be in the form of Schedule F, and shall be liable to be withdrawn at the
pleasure of Government; and a commission may, if the Government see fit, be issued to one or more
agents of a holder of alienated lands as well as to the holder in person.

Section 101 - Reference must be made by holder of commission to Deputy

Commissioner in certain cases
If the holder of any such commission attach a defaulter's property, he shall make an immediate
report to the Deputy Commissioner of his having done so. Should the demand on account of which

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the attachment has been made appear to the Deputy Commissioner, after such enquiry as he may
deem fit to make, to be just, he shall give orders for the sale of the property, and a sale shall be
conducted agreeably to the provisions of Sections 171 to 192 either by the Deputy Commissioner or
his subordinates or by the holder if the Government, by an order under the last proviso to Section
99, has authorised the holder to conduct such sale.

Section 102 - When compulsory process shall cease

All compulsory process shall cease.--

On the defaulter's paying or tendering the amount demanded of him under protest; or

On his furnishing either to the holder of the commission or his agent or agents, or to the Deputy
Commissioner, satisfactory security in the form of Schedule D, or to similar effect.

And any holder of any such commission as aforesaid, by himself or his agents, proceeding with any
compulsory process after payment made or tendered as aforesaid, or after the furnishing of such
security as aforesaid, or after tender thereof, shall be liable, on conviction in a summary inquiry
before the Deputy Commissioner, to a penalty not exceeding three times the amount of the revenue
sought to be recovered by such compulsory process.

Section 103 - Power under commission to extend to current and previous year's
arrears
The power conferred by any such commission shall extend to the enforcement of the payment of the
revenue or rent of the current revenue year and of the revenue year next immediately preceding, but
not that of former years.

Section 104 - Holder of commission not to enforce any unusual or excessive

demand
The holder of any such commission shall not enforce a demand for revenue or rent in excess of what
any inferior holder has paid previously to the date of such demand, or of what he may have
contracted to pay by an instrument in writing duly registered in accordance with the law for the time
being in force relating to the registration of assurances, or of what may have been decided as the
proper amount of rent by a decision under Section 88, 92 or 93. In the event of a dispute, the
Deputy Commissioner shall hold a summary enquiry and decide what is just, and the holder of the
commission shall not enforce a demand for more than what is so decided to be just.

The person against whom any demand shall have been enforced in excess of the amount of which
payment is lawfully enforceable, shall be entitled to recover, on conviction of the holder of the
commission in a summary inquiry before the Deputy Commissioner, three times the amount of any
such excessive demand by way of damages and the sum so due by the holder of the commission
shall be leviable from him as an arrear of land revenue.

Section 105 - Nothing in this Chapter to prevent civil suit

Nothing contained in the provisions of this Chapter shall prevent parties holding the relation of
landlord and tenant from seeking remedy in Civil Courts on matters not specially provided for in this
Chapter.

Section 106 - Revenue survey may be introduced by Government into any part

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of [the whole of the State of Karnataka except Bellary District]

[48]
Itshall be lawful for the Government, whenever it may seem expedient, to direct the survey of
any land in any part of the[49][whole of the State of Karnataka except Bellary District], with a view
to the settlement of the land revenue, and to the record and preservation of rights connected
therewith, or for any other similar purpose, and such survey shall be called a revenue survey. Such
survey may extend to the lands of any village, town or city generally, or to such land only as the
Government may direct; and, subject to the orders of the Government, it shall be lawful for the
Officers conducting any such survey to except from the survey settlement any land to which it may
not seem expedient that such settlement should be applied.

The control of every such revenue survey shall vest in, and be exercised by, the Government.

Section 107 - Survey Officer may require, by general notice or by summons,

suitable service from holders of land, etc
It shall be lawful for the Survey Officer deputed to conduct or take part in any such survey to
require, by general notice, or by summons, the attendance of holders of land and of all persons
interested therein, in person or by legally constituted agent duly instructed and able to answer all
material questions, and the presence of taluk and Village Officers, who, in their several stations and
capacities, are legally, or by usage, bound to perform service in virtue of their respective offices, and
to require from them such assistance in the operations of the survey, and such service in connection
therewith, as may not be inconsistent with the position of the individual so called on.

Section 108 - Assistance to be given by holders and others in the measurement

or classification of lands
It shall be lawful for the Survey Officer to call upon all holders of land and other persons interested
therein to assist in the measurement or classification of the lands to which the survey extends, by
furnishing flag-holders; and in the event of a necessity for employing hired labour for this or other
similar object incidental to survey operations, it shall be lawful to assess the cost thereof, with all
contingent expenses, on the lands surveyed for collection as a revenue demand.

Section 109 - Survey numbers not to be less than a certain extent

Except as hereinafter provided, no survey number comprising land used for purposes of agriculture
only shall be made of less extent than a minimum to be fixed from time to time for the several
classes of land in each district by the [50][Revenue Commissioner.] A record of the minima so fixed
shall be kept in the Amildar's office in each taluk, and shall be open to the inspection of the public
at all reasonable time.

[51]
[Exception 1.--These provisions shall not apply to survey numbers which have already been made
of less extent than the minima so fixed or which may be so made under the authority of the
Revenue Commissioner given either generally or in any particular instance in this behalf; and any
survey number separately recognised in the survey records shall be deemed to have been
authorizedly made, whatever be its extent.

Exception 2.--Survey numbers may, from time to time, and at any time be divided into so many sub-
divisions as may be required in view of the acquisition of rights in land or for any other reason.]

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Section 110 - Recognised shares of survey numbers

Recognised shares of survey numbers shall be subject to the same provisions of this Act as are
applicable to entire survey numbers, except.--

(a) that it shall not be obligatory to demarcate such shares separately; and

(b) that if any such share is relinquished by the occupant absolutely under the provisions of

Section 71, the occupancy thereof shall be offered to the occupants of the other shares of

the same survey number in the order of the relative largeness of the amounts payable by

them, respectively, on account of the assessment of their said shares; and that, in the event

of their all refusing the occupancy of the said share, the assessment thereon shall, until such

time as the entire number is relinquished by them, be levied from them in proportion to the

amounts of assessment payable by them as aforesaid.

Section 111 - Officer-in-charge of survey to fix assessment

(1) Subject to rules or orders made in this behalf under Section 233, the Officer-in-charge of a

survey shall have authority to fix the assessment for land revenue at his discretion on all

lands within the local operation of an order made under Section 106 not wholly exempt from

land revenue, and the amounts due according to such assessment shall, subject to the

provisions of Section 112, be levied on all such lands.

(2) The power to assess under this section shall, in the case of lands used for purposes of

agriculture alone, include power to assess, whether directly on the land, or in the form of a

rate or cess upon the means of irrigation in respect of which no rate is levied under Section

53, or in any other manner whatsoever that may be sanctioned by Government.

(3) In fixing the assessment under this section, regard shall be had to the requirements of the

proviso to Section 50.

(4) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to prevent the Survey Officer aforesaid from

determining and registering the proper full assessment on lands wholly exempt from payment

of land revenue, or on all lands especially excepted under Section 106 from the survey

settlement, or from dividing all such lands to which the survey extends into survey numbers.

Section 112 - Assessment not leviable without the sanction of Government, but

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may be fixed with or without modification by the Government for a term of

years
"The assessment fixed by the Officer-in-charge of a survey shall not be levied without the sanction of
Government. It shall be lawful for the Government to declare such assessment, with any modification
which it may deem necessary, fixed for a term of years not exceeding thirty in the case of lands
used for the purposes of agriculture alone, and in the case of all other lands for any term or in
perpetuity:

Provided that nothing in this section shall prevent the Government from fixing the assessment on
lands held on coffee tenure or granted for fuel or timber plantations for any term or in perpetuity
subject to such conditions as it may prescribe"

Section 113 - Introduction of survey settlement how to be made

When, in the case of lands used for the purposes of agriculture alone, Government shall have
sanctioned the assessments fixed by the Officer-in-charge of the survey, it shall be the duty of the
said Officer, or of the Deputy Commissioner, or Assistant Commissioner, publicly to announce, or to
cause to be announced, the assessment fixed on each survey number, or recognized share of a
survey number.

The said Officer, or the Deputy Commissioner, or Assistant Commissioner shall, at a reasonable time
beforehand, cause public notice to be given, in such manner as he shall deem fit, of the time at or
about which the assessments will be announced as aforesaid.

If the holder or other person interested in any holding do not appear in person or by agent, he shall
be subject, nevertheless, to the same liabilities as if he had attended.

When the assessments have been announced in the manner provided in the first clause of this
section, the survey settlement shall be held to have been introduced.

Section 114 - The fixing of assessment under Section 112 limited to ordinary
land revenue
The fixing of the assessment under the provisions of Section 112 shall be strictly limited to the
assessment of the ordinary land revenue, and shall not operate as a bar to the levy of any cess
which it shall be lawful for the Government to impose under the provisions of any law for the time
being in force for purposes of local improvement, such as the construction, maintenance and
improvement of schools, village and district roads, bridges, tanks, wells, accommodation for travelers,
and the like, or of any rate for the use of water which may be imposed under the provisions of
Section 53.

Section 115 - Government may direct a fresh revenue survey and revision of
assessment
It shall be lawful for the Government to direct at any time a fresh revenue survey or any operation
subsidiary thereto, but no enhancement of assessment shall take effect till the expiration of the
period previously fixed under the provisions of Section 112, or of Bombay Act I of 1865.

A revised assessment shall be fixed, not with reference to improvements made from private capital
and resources during the currency of any settlement made under this act, or under Bombay Act I of
1865, but with reference to general considerations of the value of land, whether as to soil or
situation, prices of produce, or facilities of communication.

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When, in fixing the assessment of any land, regard is had to a natural advantage thereof, and that
advantage cannot be fully utilised except by means of an improvement which has not been made at
the time of fixing the assessment, nothing in this section shall prevent the Government from
foregoing its demand for a portion of the assessment until the expiration of such period after the
improvement has been made, as, having regard to the reasonable claims of the person making the
improvement and the expediency of encouraging improvements, it may think fit.

Section 116 - Certain improvements may be considered in fixing revised

assessment
Nothing in the last preceding section shall be held to prevent a revised assessment being fixed with
reference to any improvement effected at the cost of Government.

Section 117 - Preparation of statistical and fiscal records

It shall be the duty of the Survey Officer, on the occasion of making or revising a settlement of land
revenue to prepare a register, to be called "the Settlement Register", showing the area and
assessment of each survey number, together with the name of the registered occupant of such
survey number, and other records, in accordance with such orders as may from time to time be
made in this behalf by Government.

Section 118 - Survey Officer or Deputy Commissioner or Assistant Commissioner

to correct clerical and admitted errors in the settlement register
The Survey Officer, or, if the survey settlement have been introduced under the provisions of Section
113 by the Deputy Commissioner or Assistant Commissioner, the Deputy Commissioner or Assistant
Commissioner shall at any time correct, or cause to be corrected any clerical errors and any errors
which the parties interested admit to have been made in the Settlement Register.

The Superintendent of Survey or the Deputy Commissioner shall receive and enquire into all
applications made to him at anytime within two years after the introduction of the survey settlement
for the correction of any wrong entry of a registered occupant's name in the said register, and if
satisfied that an error has been made, whether through fraud, collusion, oversight, or otherwise, shall
correct or cause the same to be corrected, notwithstanding that all the parties interested do no admit
the error; but he shall not receive any such application at any time after two years from the date of
the introduction of the survey settlement, unless good cause be shown to his satisfaction for the
delay in making such application, and no such correction of the said register shall be made in
consequence of any application made after the said period of two years, except with the previous
sanction of Government.

Section 119 - Deputy Commissioner to keep survey records and frame village
records in accordance therewith
The Deputy Commissioner shall keep the settlement register and such other records, prepared by the
Survey Officer, as Government shall direct, and shall cause the village records and accounts to be
prepared in accordance therewith.

He shall not make any alterations or corrections in the settlement register, but shall cause to be
registered in the village records and accounts all changes that may take place, and anything that
may affect any of the rights or interests therein recorded.

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Section 119A - Assumption of management of alienated villages by Government

[52]
The Deputy Commissioner may, with the previous sanction of the State Government, take over
temporarily the management of an alienated village within the local limits of his jurisdiction, the
holder of which is disqualified to manage his own property:

Provided that in the case of a holder disqualified under clause (b) of Section 199-B, such assumption
shall be sanctioned only where the State Government is of opinion that it is expedient in the
interests of the general public to preserve the property of such holder.

Section 119B - Land-holders to be deemed disqualified in certain cases

The following holders of alienated villages shall, for the purposes of Section 119-A, be deemed to he
disqualified to manage their own property, namely.--

(a) Minors;

(b) Persons declared by the District Court, on the application of the Deputy Commissioner and after

such judicial inquiry as it thinks necessary, to be incapable of managing or unfit to manage

their own property owing to.

(i) any physical or mental defect or infirmity; or

(ii) such habits as cause, or are likely to cause, injury to their property or to the well-being of

their inferior holders; and

(c) Persons adjudged by a competent Civil Court to be of unsound mind and incapable of

managing their affairs.

The State Government may, by an order, release the property from its management as soon as the
holder ceases to be a minor or the disability has ceased or for any other reason.

Section 119C - Government management of alienated villages on application of

land-holder
Any holder of an alienated village may apply in writing to the State Government to take over the
management of his village and the State Government may on such application, where it is of opinion
that it is expedient in the interests of the general public to preserve the property of such holder,
order the Deputy Commissioner within the local limits of whose jurisdiction the village lies to assume
the management of the village of the applicant.

Explanation.--In every case where property is held by co-sharers, whether as co-sharers in a family
undivided according to Hindu Law or otherwise, an application signed by all the co-sharers shall, for
the purposes of this section, be deemed to be an application by the holder of the village.

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Section 119D - Assumption of management to be notified

(1) Whenever the State Government takes over the management of alienated villages under Section

119-A or 119-C, the fact of such assumption, and the date on which it was sanctioned by the

State Government shall be notified in the official Gazette and in such other manner as the

State Government may, by general or special order, direct.

(2) On and with effect from the date of such notification, the whole of the village of such holder,

shall be deemed to be under the management of the State Government.]

Section 120 - Revenue management of villages or estates not belonging to

Government that may be temporarily under Government management

(1) In the event of any alienated village or estate coming under the temporary management of

Government Officers, it shall be lawful for the Deputy Commissioner to let out the lands

thereof at rates determined by means of a survey settlement, or at such other fixed rates as

he may deem to be reasonable, and to sell the occupancy of unoccupied lands by auction,

and otherwise to conduct the revenue management thereof under the rules for the

management of unalienated lands, so far as such rules may be applicable, and for so long as

the said village or estate shall be under the management of Government Officers:

Provided, however, that any written agreements relating to the land, made by the superior holder of
such village or estate, shall not be affected by any proceedings under this section in so far as they
shall not operate to the detriment of the lawful claims of Government on the land.

[53]
[(2) x x x x x.]

Section 121 - Maintenance of existing settlements of land revenue

Existing survey settlements of land revenue, made, approved and confirmed under the authority of
the Government, shall be, and are hereby declared to be, in force, subject to the provisions of this
Act.

Section 122 - Rules for partition of estate paying revenue to Government

The following rules shall be enforced at the partition of any estate paying land revenue to
Government, namely.--

(1) the estate shall be divided as far. as possible according to survey numbers without sub-dividing

any number; but if the partition cannot be completely effected without sub-dividing a number,

such sub-division may be made by the Deputy Commissioner, subject to the provisions of

Section 109;

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(2) any number or sub-division of a number, which may remain over after the partition has been

carried out, as far as possible according to the last rule, and which is incapable of sub-

division or of further sub-division owing to the provisions of Section 109, shall be made over

to one of the sharers in consideration of his paying to the other sharers the value in money

of their shares in the same, or shall be sold and the proceeds divided amongst all the

sharers, or otherwise disposed of, as the Deputy Commissioner thinks fit;

(3) the expenses necessarily and properly incurred in making such partition shall be recoverable as

a revenue demand in such proportions as the Deputy Commissioner thinks fit from the

sharers at whose request it is made, or from the persons interested in such partition.

Section 123 - Partition of alienated village by the Deputy Commissioner on

application by co-sharers
Whenever any one or more co-sharers in analienated village into which a revenue survey has been
introduced consent to a partition of the said estate, it shall be lawful for the Deputy Commissioner,
or for any other Officer duly empowered by him in this behalf, subject to the rules contained in the
last preceding section, to divide the said village into shares according to the respective rights of the
co-sharers, and to allot such shares to the co-sharers:

Provided that no such partition shall be made, unless.--

(a) all the co-sharers are agreed as to the extent of their respective rights in the village; and

(b) the assessment of the share or shares or the sharer or sharers consenting to such partition

exceeds one half of the assessment of the entire village.

In such cases the expenses of partition shall be recovered under rule (3) of the last preceding
section from all the co-sharers in the village divided.

Section 124 - Sub-division of numbers at time of revision of survey

At the time of a revision of survey, it shall be in the discretion of the Officer-in-charge of the survey,
subject to the provisions of Section 109 and to any departmental rules or order in this behalf at the
time in force, to sub-divide any survey number into two or more distinct numbers, and to enter the
names and liabilities of the persons whom he shall deem entitled to be recognised as registered
occupants of such sub-divisions in the settlement register separately.

Section 125 - Separate demarcation of land appropriated under Section 63 or 65

When any portion of cultivable land is appropriated under the provisions of Section 63 or 65 for any
non-agricultural purpose, the portion so appropriated may, with the sanction of the Deputy
Commissioner, be demarcated, and made into a separate number at any time, notwithstanding the
provisions of Section 109.

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Section 126 - Determination of village boundaries

[54]
The boundaries of villages situated in the [whole of the State of Karnataka except Bellary District]
shall be fixed, and all disputes relating thereto shall be determined by Survey Officers, or by such
other Officers as may be nominated by Government for the purpose, who shall be guided by the
following rules.--

Rule 1.--When the patels and other Village Officers of any two or more adjoining villages, and, in the
case of an alienated village, the holder thereof or his duly constituted agent, shall voluntarily agree
to any given line of boundary as the boundary common to their respective villages, the Officer
determining the boundary shall require the said parties to execute an agreement to that effect, and
shall then mark off the boundary in the manner agreed upon. And any village boundary fixed in this
manner shall be held to be finally settled, unless it shall appear to the said Officer that the
agreement has been obtained by fraud, intimidation, or any other illegal means.

Rule 2.--If the patels and other Village Officers, and, in the case of an alienated village, the holder
thereof or his duly constituted agent, do not agree to fix the boundaries of their respective villages in
the manner prescribed in the preceding rule, or if it shall appear to the said Officer that the
agreement has been obtained by fraud, intimidation or any other illegal means, or if there be any
pending dispute, the said Officer shall make a survey and plan of the ground in dispute, exhibiting
the land claimed by the contending parties, and all particulars relating thereto, and shall hold a
formal enquiry into the claims of the said parties, and thereafter make an award in the case. If
either of the villages concerned be alienated, an award made by a Survey Officer shall, unless the
Officer making it be the Superintendent of Survey, be subject to his confirmation.

Section 127 - Determination of field boundaries

If, at the time of survey, the boundary of a field or holding be undisputed, and its correctness be
affirmed by the Village Officers then present, it may be laid down as pointed out by the holder or
person in occupation, and if disputed, or if the said holder or person in occupation be not present, it
shall be fixed by the Survey Officer according to the village records, and according to occupation as
ascertained from the Village Officers and the holders of adjoining lands, or on such other evidence or
information as the Survey Officer may be able to procure.

If any dispute arise concerning the boundary of a field or holding which has not been surveyed, or if,
at any time after the survey records have been handed over to the Deputy Commissioner, a dispute
arise concerning the boundary of any survey number, it shall be determined by the Deputy
Commissioner, who shall be guided, in the case of survey numbers, by the survey records, if they
afford satisfactory evidence of the boundary previously fixed, and, if not, by such other evidence as
he may be able to procure.

Section 128 - Settlement of boundary dispute by arbitration

If the several parties concerned in a boundary dispute agree to submit the settlement thereof to an
arbitration committee, and make application to that effect in writing, the Officer whose duty it would
otherwise be to determine the boundary shall require the said parties to nominate a committee of not
less than three persons, within a specified time, and if, within a period to be fixed by the said
Officer, the committee so nominated or a majority of the members thereof arrive at a decision, such
decision, when confirmed by the said Officer or if the said Officer be a Survey Officer lower in rank
than a Superintendent of Survey, by the Superintendent of Survey shall be final:

Provided that the said Officer or the Superintendent of survey shall have power to remit the award or

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any of the matters referred to arbitration, to the reconsideration of the same committee for any of
the causes set forth in[55][Section 16 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 (Central Act X of 1940).]

If the committee appointed in the manner aforesaid fail to effect a settlement of the dispute within
the time specified, it shall be the duty of the Officer aforesaid, unless he, or, if the said Officer is a
Survey Officer lower in rank than a Superintendent of Survey, the Superintendent of Survey, see fit to
extend the time, to settle the same as otherwise provided in this Act.

Section 129 - Effect of the settlement of boundary

[56](1) The settlement of the boundary under any of the foregoing provisions of this Chapter shall be

determinative.--

(a) of the proper position of the boundary line or boundary marks; and

(b) of the rights of the landholders on either side of the boundary fixed in respect of the land

adjudged to appertain, or not to appertain, to their respective holdings.

(2) Where a boundary has been so fixed, the Deputy Commissioner may at any time summarily evict

any landholder who is wrongfully in possession of any land which has been adjudged in the

settlement of a boundary not to appertain to his holding or to the holding of any person through or

under whom he claims.

Section 130 - Construction and repair of boundary marks of survey numbers and
villages
It shall be lawful for any Survey Officer authorised by a Superintendent of Survey or Settlement
Officer to cause to be constructedor repaired boundary marks of villages or survey numbers, whether
cultivated or uncultivated, and to assess all charges incurred thereby on the holders or others having
an interest therein.

Such Officer may require landholders to construct or repair their boundary marks by a notification,
which shall be posted in the chavadi or other public place in the village to which the lands under
survey belong, directing the holders of survey numbers to construct or repair, within a specified time,
the boundary marks of their respective survey numbers, and on their failure to comply with the
requisitions so made, the Survey Officer shall then construct or repair them, and assess all charges
incurred thereby as hereinbefore provided.

A general notification issued in the manner aforesaid shall be held to be good and sufficient notice to
each and every person having any interest in any survey numbers within the limits of the lands to
which the survey extends.

The size, material and description of boundary marks shall be such as may, under the orders of
Government, be fixed by the Superintendent of Survey, according to the requirements of soil and
climate.

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Section 131 - Responsibility for the maintenance of boundary marks

Every landholder shall be responsible for the maintenance and good repair of the boundary marks of
his holding, and for any charges reasonably incurred on account of the same by the Revenue Officers
in cases of alteration, removal, or disrepair. It shall be the duty of village Officers and servants to
prevent the destruction or unauthorized alteration of the village boundary marks.

Section 132 - Deputy Commissioner to have charge of boundary marks after

introduction of the survey settlement
When the survey settlement shall have been introduced into a district, the charge of the boundary
marks shall devolve on the Deputy Commissioner, and it shall be his duty to take measures for their
maintenance and repair, and for this purpose the powers conferred on Survey Officers by Section 130
shall vest in him.

Section 133 - Penalty for injuring boundary marks

Any person convicted, after a summary enquiry before the Deputy Commissioner, or before a Survey
Officer not lower in rank than an Assistant Superintendent of Survey, of wilfully erasing, removing or
injuring a boundary mark, or unauthorisedly erecting a boundary mark, shall be liable to a fine not
exceeding fifty rupees for each mark so erased, removed, injured, or erected.

Section 134 - Limit of sites of villages, towns and cities how to be fixed, and
assignment of building sites
It shall be lawful for the Deputy Commissioner or for a Survey Officer acting under the general or
special orders of Government, to determine what lands are included within the site of any village,
town or city, to fix, and from time to time to vary the limits of the same, respect being had to all
subsisting rights of landholders, and to set apart for building sites within such limits any lands which
may be the property of Government and not in the lawful occupation of any' person or aggregate of
persons, provided that no land hitherto used for purposes of agriculture only shall be set apart for
building sites except under the special or general sanction of the Government. Land already set apart
for building sites within the sites of any village, town or city, shall be deemed to have been so set
apart under this section.

Section 135 - Disposal of building sites

[57]
It shall be lawful for the Deputy Commissioner [or such other authority as the Government may
authorise in this behalf] to dispose of lands set apart for building sites under Section 134, in such
manner as may be directed by rules which the Government may, from time to time, frame in that
behalf, either subject to or exempt from liability to payment of land revenue, as may be directed by
such rules.

Section 136 - Occupancy right confirmed

The existing right of occupancy of all lands within the sites of villages, towns and cities, is hereby
confirmed so far as the interest of Government is concerned, only excepting the case of
encroachments, as provided for in Section 37 of this Act.

Section 137 - Existing exemptions confirmed

(1) Existing exemptions from payment of land revenue of lands situate within the sites of villages,

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towns and cities are hereby confirmed.--

Firstly, if such lands be alienated lands recognized by Competent Authority as wholly or partially
exempt from the payment of land revenue;

Secondly, if such lands, being other than lands ordinarily used for purposes of agriculture, have been
held wholly or partially exempt from payment of land revenue at the time of the introduction of this
Act;

Thirdly, if such lands, being ordinarily used for purposes of agriculture, have been held exempt from
payment of land revenue at the time of the introduction of this Act, having been excepted from a
survey settlement already introduced on the ground of their being backyards or hittals attached to
buildings or of its being deemed inexpedient to apply a survey settlement to them.

(2) The Government may from time to time make, and from time to time vary or rescind, rules.

(a) declaring the nature, extent, description and situation of lands ordinarily used for purposes of

agriculture within the sites of villages, towns and cities, to which a survey settlement shall

not be applied and which shall be exempt from land revenue; and

(b) fixing the assessment on lands not exempt from land revenue, and situated within the sties of

villages, towns and cities, for any term or in perpetuity, anything in Section 112

notwithstanding.

Section 138 - Inam lands hitherto used for purposes of agriculture only
appropriated to other purposes
If any land within the sites of any village, town or city, hitherto ordinarily used for agricultural
purposes only and partially exempt from the payment of land revenue, be appropriated to any other
purposes, it shall be liable to the payment of one-eighth of the rate fixed for unalienated land used
for similar purposes in the same locality, in addition to the quit-rent payable in respect of such land.

Section 139 - Survey of lands in sites of villages, towns and cities how to be
conducted
If the Government shall at any time deem it expedient to direct a survey of the lands other than
those used ordinarily for the purposes of agriculture only within the site of any village, town or city,
under the provisions of Section 106, or a fresh survey thereof under the provisions of Section 115;
such survey shall be conducted, and all its operations shall be regulated, according to the provisions
of Chapters VIII and IX of this Act, due regard being had to all existing exemptions from the payment
of land revenue confirmed by Section 137:

Provided that nothing contained in Sections 107, 108, 111 para (2), 113 or 126 thereof shall be
considered applicable to any such survey in any town or city containing more than two thousand
inhabitants.

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Section 140 - In certain cases a survey fee to be charged

When a survey is extended under the provisions of the last preceding section to the site of any town
or city containing more than two thousand inhabitants, each holder of a building site shall be liable
to the payment of a survey fee to be assessed by the Deputy Commissioner under such rules as
may be prescribed in this behalf from time to time by Government:

Provided that the said fee shall in no case exceed rupees five for each survey number. The said
survey fee shall be payable within six months from the date of a public notice to be given in this
behalf by the Deputy Commissioner after the completion of the survey of the site of the town or city
or such part thereof as the notice shall refer to.

Section 141 - Sannad to be granted without extra charge

Every holder of a building site as aforesaid shall be entitled, after payment of the said survey fee, to
receive from the Deputy Commissioner without extra charge one or more sannads, in the form of
Schedule 'G', specifying by plan and description the extent and conditions of his holding:

Provided that, if such holder do not apply for such sannad or sannads at the time of payment of the
survey fee or thereafter within six months from the date of the public notice issued by the Deputy
Commissioner under the last preceding section, the Deputy Commissioner may require him to pay an
additional fee not exceeding one rupee for each sannad.

Every such sannad shall be executed on behalf of the Government by such Officer as may, from time
to time, be lawfully empowered to execute the same.

Section 142 - Primary responsibility

The registered occupant shall be primarily responsible to Government for the land revenue of
unalienated land, and the superior holder shall be primarily responsible to Government for the land
revenue of alienated land.

On failure of the person primarily responsible to Government for the land revenue to pay the same
according to the rules legally prescribed in that behalf, it may be recovered from the co-occupant of
unalienated land or the co-sharer of alienated land, or in either case from the inferior holder or
person in actual occupation of the land.

When the land revenue is recovered from any such occupant, co-sharer, inferior holder, or other
person, he shall be allowed credit for all payments which he may have made to the registered
occupant, or superior holder, or to his landlord, at or after the prescribed or usual times of such
payments and he shall be entitled to credit in account with the registered occupant or superior holder
or with his landlord for the amount recovered from him.

Section 143 - Claims of Government to have precedence over all others

The claim of Government to any moneys recoverable under the provisions of this Chapter shall have
precedence over any other debt, demand or claim whatsoever, whether in respect of mortgage,
judgment decree, execution or attachment, or otherwise, howsoever, against any land or the holder
thereof.

Section 144 - Liability of crop for revenue of land

In all cases, the land revenue, for a revenue year, of land used for agricultural purposes, if not

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otherwise discharged, shall be recoverable, in preference to all other claims, from any crop planted or
harvested during such year on the land subject to the same.

Section 145 - Land revenue may be levied at any time during the revenue year
The land revenue shall be leviable on or at any time after the first day of the revenue year for
which it is due; but, except when precautionary measures are deemed necessary under the provisions
of Sections 148 to 150, payment will be required only on the dates to be fixed under the provisions
hereinafter contained.

Section 146 - Removal of crop which has been sold, etc., may be prevented
until the revenue is paid
When the crop of any land or any portion of the same is sold, mortgaged or otherwise disposed of,
whether by order of a Civil Court or other public authority or by private agreement, the Deputy
Commissioner may prevent its being removed from the land until the revenue of the said land
recoverable under Section 144 has been paid, whether the date fixed for the payment of the same,
under the provisions hereinafter contained, has yet arrived or not. But in no case shall a crop, or any
portion of the same, which has been sold, mortgaged, or otherwise disposed of, be detained on
account of more than one year's revenue.

Section 147 - In order to secure the land revenue the Deputy Commissioner may
prevent the reaping of the crop
It shall be lawful for the Deputy Commissioner, in order to secure the payment of the land revenue
by the enforcement of the lieu of Government on the crop.--

(a) to require that the crop growing on any land liable to the payment of land revenue shall not

be reaped until a notice in writing has first been given to himself or to some other Officer to

be named by him in this behalf, and such notice has been returned endorsed with an

acknowledgement of its receipt;

(b) to direct that no such crop shall be removed from the land on which it has been reaped, or

from any place in which it may have been deposited, without the written permission of

himself or of some other Officer as aforesaid;

(c) to cause watchmen to be placed over any such crop to prevent the unlawful reaping or

removal of the same, and to realise the amount required for the remuneration of the said

watchmen, at such rate not exceeding the rate of pay received by the peons on his

establishment as he may deem fit, as an arrear of land revenue due in respect of the land

to which such crop belongs.

Section 148 - Deputy Commissioner's order under last section how to be made
known
The Deputy Commissioner's order under either clause (a) or clause (b) of the last preceding section

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may be issued generally to all the holders of land paying revenue to Government in a village, or to
individual holders merely.

If the order be general, it shall be made known by public proclamation to be made by beat of drum
in the village and by affixing a copy of the order in the chavadi, or some other public building in the
village. If it be to individual holders, a notice thereof shall be served on each holder concerned.

Any person who shall disobey any such order after the same has been so proclaimed, or a notice
thereof has been served upon him, or who shall, within the meaning of the Indian Penal Code, abet
the disobedience of any such order, shall be liable, on conviction after summary inquiry by the
Deputy Commissioner, to a fine not exceeding double the amount of the land revenue due on the
land to which the crop belongs in respect of which the offence is committed.

Section 149 - Reaping, etc., not to be unduly deferred

The Deputy Commissioner shall not defer the reaping of the crop, or prolong its deposit unduly so as
to damage the produce; and if, within two months after the crop has been deposited, the revenue
due has not been discharged, he shall either release the crop and proceed to realize the revenue in
any other manner authorized by this Chapter, or take such portion thereof as he may deem fit for
sale under the provisions of this Chapter applicable to sales of movable property in realization of the
revenue due and of all legal costs, and release the rest:

Provided that the limit of two months shall not apply to articles of a perishable nature which shall
immediately be sold as provided in Section 174.

Section 150 - Temporary attachment and management of a village or share of a

village
If, owing to disputes among the sharers, or for other cause, the Deputy Commissioner shall deem
that there is reason to apprehend that the land revenue payable in respect of any holding consisting
of an entire village or of a share of a village will not be paid as it falls due, he may cause the
village or share of a village to be attached and taken under the management of himself or any agent
whom he appoints for that purpose.

The provisions of Section 166 shall apply to any village or share of a village so attached, and all
surplus profits of the land attached, beyond the cost of such attachment and management, including
the payments of the land revenue and the cost of the introduction of a revenue survey, if the same
be introduced under the provisions of Section 120, shall be kept in deposit for the eventual benefit of
the person or persons entitled to the same or paid to the said person or persons from time to time,
[58]
as the Deputy Commissioner, subject to the orders of the [Revenue Commissioner] may direct.

Section 151 - Precautionary measures to be relinquished on security being

furnished
The precautionary measures authorized by the last five sections shall be relinquished if the person
primarily responsible for the payment of revenue, or any person who would be responsible for the
same if default were made by the person primarily responsible, shall pay the costs, if any, lawfully
incurred by the Deputy Commissioner up to the time of such relinquishment, and shall furnish
security satisfactory to the Deputy Commissioner for the payment of the revenue at the time at
which, or in the instalments, if any, in which, it is payable under the provisions hereinafter contained.

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Section 152 - Government to determine the dates, etc., on which land revenue
shall be payable
Land revenue, except when it is recovered under the provisions of the foregoing Sections 146 to 150,
shall be payable at such times, in such instalments, to such persons and at such places as may,
from time to time, be determined by the orders of Government.

Section 153 - Arrear defaulters

Any sum not so paid becomes thereupon an arrear of land revenue; and the persons responsible for
it, whether under the provisions of Section 142 or of any other section, become defaulters.

Section 154 - Liability incurred by default

If any instalment of land revenue be not fully paid within the prescribed time, it shall be lawful for
the Deputy Commissioner to proceed to levy at once the entire balance of land revenue due by the
defaulter for the current revenue year, in addition to such charge as a penalty, or by way of interest,
as may be authorised according to a scale to be fixed, from time to time, under the orders of the
Government.

Section 155 - Certified account to be evidence as to arrears

A statement of account certified by the Deputy Commissioner or by an Assistant Commissioner shall,
for the purposes of this Chapter, be conclusive evidence of the existence of the arrear of the amount
of land revenue due, and of the person who is the defaulter.

On receipt of such certified statement, it shall be lawful for the Deputy Commissioner of one district
to proceed to recover the demands of the Deputy Commissioner of any other district under the
provisions of this Chapter as if the demand, arose in his own district.

Section 156 - Process for recovery of arrears

An arrear of land revenue may be recovered by the following processes,--

(a) by serving a written notice of demand on the defaulter under Section 158;

(b) by forfeiture of the occupancy or alienated holding in respect of which the arrear is due under

Section 159;

(c) by distraint and sale of the defaulter's movable property under Section 160;

(d) by sale of the defaulter's immovable property under Section 161;

(e) by arrest and imprisonment of the defaulter under Sections 163 and 164;

(f) in the case of alienated holdings consisting of entire villages, or shares of villages by

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attachment of the said villages or shares of villages under Sections 165 to 169.

Section 157 - Revenue demands of former years; how recoverable

The said process may be employed for the recovery of arrears of former years as well as of the
current revenue year, but the preference given by Section 143 shall, except in cases falling under
Section 54, apply only to demands for the current revenue year, and the preference given by Section
144 shall apply only to demands for the year in which the crop is planted or harvested:

Provided that any process commenced in the current year shall be entitled to the said preferences,
notwithstanding that it may not be fully executed within that year.

Section 158 - When notice of demand may issue

A notice of demand may be issued on or after the day following that on which the arrear accrues.

The[59][Revenue Commissioner] may, from time to time, frame rules for the issue of such notices,
[60]
and [with the sanction of the Government shall fix] the costs recoverable from the defaulter as an
arrear of revenue, and direct by what Officer such notices shall be issued.

Section 159 - The occupancy or alienated holding for which arrear is due may
be forfeited
The Deputy Commissioner may declare the occupancy or alienated holding in respect of which an
arrear, of land revenue is due to be forfeited to Government, and sell or otherwise dispose of the
same under the provisions of Sections 54 and 55, and credit the proceeds, if any, to the defaulter's
accounts.

Section 160 - Distraint and sale of defaulter's movable property. By whom to be

made
The Deputy Commissioner may also cause the defaulter's movable property to be distrained and sold.
[61]
Such distraint shall be made by such Officers or class of Officers as the [Revenue
Commissioner][62] [xxx xxx xxx] may, from time to time, direct.

Section 161 - Sale of defaulter's immovable property

The Deputy Commissioner may also cause the right, title and interest of the defaulter in any
immovable property, other than the land on which the arrear is due, to be sold.

Section 162 - Exemption from distraint and sale

All such property as is by the Civil Procedure Code exempted from attachment, or sale in execution
of a decree, shall also be exempted from distraint or sale under either of the last two preceding
sections.

The Deputy Commissioner's decision as to what property is so entitled to exemption shall be final.

Section 163 - Arrest and detention of defaulter

[63]
[x x x x x.]

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Section 164 - Power of arrest by whom to be exercised

[64]
[x x x x x.]

Section 165 - Power to attach defaulter's village and take it under management
If the holding in respect of which an arrear is due consists of an entire village or of a share of a
village, and the adoption of any of the other processes before specified is deemed inexpedient, the"
[65]
Deputy Commissioner may, with the previous sanction of the [Revenue Commissioner,] cause such
village or share of a village to be attached, and taken under the management of himself or any
agent or Officer whom he appoints for that purpose.

Section 166 - Lands of such village to revert to Government free of

encumbrances

[66] (1) The lands of any village or share of a village so attached shall revert to Government

unaffected by the acts of the superior holder or of any of the sharers, or by any charges or liabilities

subsisting against such lands or against such superior holder or sharers as are interested therein, so

far as the public revenue is concerned, but without any prejudice in other respects to the rights of

individuals;and the Deputy Commissioner, or the agent or Officer so appointed, shall be entitled to

manage the lands attached, and to receive all rents and profits accruing therefrom to the exclusion

of the superior holder or any of the sharers thereof, until the Deputy Commissioner restores the said

superior holder to the management thereof.

[67](2) The Deputy Commissioner or the agent or Officer so appointed shall, during such

management, be entitled to recover under the provisions of this Chapter all such rents or profits

accruing in or after the revenue year in which such attachment was effected, provided that

proceedings for such recovery are taken within six years from the end of the revenue year for which

the said rent or profit became due.

Section 167 - Application of surplus profits

All surplus profits of the lands attached, beyond the cost of such attachment and management,
including the payment of the current revenue and the cost of the introduction ofa revenue survey, if
the same be introduced under the provisions of Section 120 of this Act, shall be applied in defraying
the said arrear.

Section 168 - Restoration of a village so attached

The village or share of a village so attached shall be released from attachment, and the management
thereof shall be restored to the superior holder, on the said superior holder making an application to
the Deputy Commissioner for that purpose at any time within twelve years from the 1st April next
after the attachment, if at the time that such application is made it shall appear that the arrear has
been liquidated, or if the said superior holder shall be willing to pay the balance, if any, still due by
him, and shall do so within such period as the Deputy Commissioner may prescribe in that behalf.

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The Deputy Commissioner shall make over to the superior holder the surplus receipts, if any, which
have accrued in the year in which his application for restoration of the village or share of a village is
made, after defraying all arrears and costs, but such surplus receipts, if any, of previous years shall
be at the disposal of Government.

Section 169 - Village, etc., to vest in Government if not redeemed within twelve
years
If no application be made for the restoration of a village or portion of a village so attached within
the said period of twelve years, or if, after such application has been made, the superior holder shall
fail to pay the balance, if any, still due by him, within the period prescribed by the Deputy
Commissioner in this behalf, the said village or portion of a village shall thenceforward vest in
Government free from all encumbrances created by the superior holder or any of the sharers or any
of his or their predecessors in title or in any wise subsisting as against such superior holder or any
of the sharers, but without prejudice to the rights of the actual occupants of the soil.

Section 170 - All processes to be stayed on security being given

Any defaulter detained in custody, or imprisoned, shall forthwith be set at liberty, and the execution
of any process shall, at any time, be stayed, on the defaulters giving before the Deputy
Commissioner or other person nominated by him for the purpose, or if the defaulter is in jail, before
the Officer-in-charge of such jail, security in the form of Schedule D satisfactory to the Deputy
Commissioner, or to such other person or Officer.

And any person against whom proceedings are taken under this Chapter may pay the amount
claimed, under protest, to the Officer taking such proceedings, and upon such payment the
proceedings shall be stayed, and the person, if in custody, shall be forthwith set at liberty.

Section 171 - Procedure in effecting sales

When any sale of either movable or immovable property is ordered under the provisions of this
Chapter, the Deputy Commissioner shall issue a proclamation in Kanarese of the of the intended sale,
specifying the time and place of sale, and in the case of movable property, whether the sale is
subject to confirmation or not, and, when land paying revenue to Government is to be sold, the
revenue assessed upon it, together with any other particulars he may think necessary.

Such proclamation shall be made by beat of drum at the headquarters of the taluk, and in the
village in which the immovable property is situate, if the sale be of immovable property; if the sale
be of movable property, the proclamation shall be made in the village in which such property was
seized, and in such other places as the Deputy Commissioner may direct.

Section 172 - Notification of sale

A written notice of the intended sale of immovable property, and of the time and place thereof, shall
be affixed in each of the following places, viz., the office of the Deputy Commissioner of the district,
the office of the Amildar or Deputy Amildar of the taluk in which the immovable property is situate,
the chavadi or some other public building in the village in which it is situate and the defaulter's
dwelling place.

In the case of movable property, the written notice shall be affixed in the Amildar's or Deputy
Amildar's Office, and in the chavadi or some other public building in the village in which such
property was seized.

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The Deputy Commissioner may also cause notice of any sale, whether of movable or immovable
property to be published in any other manner that he may deem fit.

Section 173 - Sales by whom to be made

Sales shall be made by auction by such persons as the Deputy Commissioner may direct.

No such sale shall take place on a general holiday recognized by Government, nor until after the
expiration of at least thirty days in the case of immovable property, or seven days in the case of
movable property, from the latest date on which any of the said notices shall have been affixed as
required by the last preceding section.

The sale may, from time to time, be postponed for any sufficient reason.

Section 174 - Sale of perishable articles

Nothing in the last three sections applies to the sale of perishable articles. Such articles shall be sold
by auction with the least possible delay, in accordance with such orders as may, from time to time,
be made by the Deputy Commissioner either generally or specially in that behalf.

Section 175 - When sale may be stayed

If the defaulter, or any person on his behalf, pay the arrear in respect of which the property is to be
sold, and all other charges legally due by him, at any time before the property is knocked down, to
the person appointed under Section 152 to receive payment of the land revenue due, or to the
Officer appointed to conduct the sale, or if he furnish security under Section 170, the sale shall be
stayed.

Section 176 - Sales of movable property when liable to confirmation

Sales of perishable articles shall be at once finally concluded by the Officer conducting such sales. All
other sales of movable property shall be finally concluded by the Officer conducting such sales, or
shall be subject to confirmation, as may be directed in orders to be made by the Deputy
Commissioner either generally or specially in that behalf. In the case of sales made subject to
confirmation, the Deputy Commissioner shall direct by whom such sales may be confirmed.

Section 177 - Mode of payment for movable property when sale is concluded at
once
When the sale of any movable property is finally concluded by the Officer conducting the same the
price of every lot shall be paid for at the time of sale, or as soon after as the said Officer shall
direct, and in default of such payment, the property shall forthwith be again put up and sold. On
payment of the purchase money, the Officer holding the sale shall grant a receipt for the same, and
the sale shall become absolute as against all persons whomsoever.

Section 178 - Mode of payment for movable property when sale is subject to
confirmation
When the sale of any movable property is subject to confirmation, the party who is declared to be
the purchaser shall be required to deposit immediately twenty-five percentum on the amount of his
bid, and in default of such deposit, the property shall forthwith be again put up and sold. The full
amount of purchase money shall be paid by the purchaser before sunset of the day after he is
informed of the sale having been confirmed, or if the said day be an authorized holiday, then before

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sunset of the first office day after such day. On payment of such full amount of the purchase money,
the purchaser shall be granted a receipt for the same and the sale shall become absolute as against
all persons whomsoever.

Section 179 - Deposit by purchaser in case of sale of immovable property

In all cases of sale of immovable property, the party who is declared to be the purchaser shall be
required to deposit immediately twenty-five per centum on the amount of his bid, and, in default of
such deposit, the property shall forthwith be again put up and sold.

Section 180 - Purchase money when to be paid

The full amount of purchase money shall be paid by the purchaser before sunset of the fifteenth day
from that on which the sale of the immovable property took place, or if the said fifteenth day be an
authorized holiday, then before sunset of the first office day after such fifteenth day.

Section 180A - Permission to purchase by party entitled to payment of money

[68]
[Notwithstanding anything contained in Sections 179 and 180, the party entitled to the payment
of the money for recovery of which a sale of immovable property is held, may apply to the Deputy
Commissioner for permission to purchase such property which may be granted subject to such rules
as may be prescribed by the Government in this behalf, and where a party purchases with such
permission, the purchase money due by him and the amount for the recovery of which the sale is
held may be set off against one another.]

Section 181 - Effect of default

In default of payment within the prescribed period of the full amount of purchase money, whether of
movable or immovable property, the deposit, after defraying thereout the expenses of the
[69]
sale [shall, at the discretion of the Deputy Commissioner, be liable to be forfeited to Government
either wholly or in part] and the property shall be resold, and the defaulting purchaser shall forfeit all
claim to the property or to any part of the sum for which it may be subsequently sold.

Section 182 - Liability of purchaser for loss by resale

[70]
If the proceeds of this [resale which is held by reason of the purchaser's default] be less than the
price bid by such defaulting purchaser, the difference shall be recoverable from him by the Deputy
Commissioner as an arrear of land revenue.

Section 183 - Notification before resale

Every resale of property in default of payment of the purchase money, or after postponement of the
first sale, shall, except when such resale takes place forthwith, be made after the issue of a fresh
notice in the manner prescribed for original sales.

Section 183A - Setting aside sale on deposit of solatium to the purchaser and
arrears and arrears by person interested

[71](1) Any person owning or claiming any interest in immovable property sold under this Act may, at

anytime within 30 days from the date of sale, deposit in the treasury of the taluk in which the

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immovable property is situate.--

(a) a sum equal to 5 percentum of the purchase money; and

(b) a sum equal to the arrears of revenue for which the immovable property was sold together

with interest thereon and the expenses of attachment, management, and sale and other costs

due in respect of such arrears; and may apply to the Deputy Commissioner to set aside the

sale.

(2) If such deposit and application are made within 30 days from the date of sale, the Deputy

Commissioner shall pass an order setting aside the sale and shall repay to the purchaser the

purchase money so far as it has been deposited, together with the 5 percentum deposited by the

applicant; provided that if more persons than one have made deposits and applied under this section,

the application of the first depositor to the Officer authorised to set aside the sale shall be accepted.

(3) If a person applies, under Section 184, to set aside the sale of immovable property, he shall not,

unless he withdraws that application, be entitled to make or prosecute an application under this

section.]

Section 184 - Application to set aside sale

At any time within thirty days from the date of the sale of immovable property, application may be
made to the Deputy Commissioner to set aside the sale on the ground of some material irregularity,
or mistake, or fraud, in publishing or conducting it; but, except as is otherwise provided in the next
following section, no sale shall be set aside on the ground of any such irregularity or mistake, unless
the applicant proves to the satisfaction of the Deputy Commissioner that he has sustained substantial
injury by reason thereof.

If the application be allowed, the Deputy Commissioner shall set aside the sale, and direct a fresh
one.

Section 185 - Order confirming or setting aside sale

On the expiration of thirty days from the date of the sale, if no such application as is mentioned in
the last preceding section has been made, or if such application has been made and rejected, the
Deputy Commissioner shall make an order confirming the sale:

Provided that, if he shall have reason to think that the sale ought to be set aside notwithstanding
that no such application has been made, or on grounds other than those alleged in any application
[72]
which has been made and rejected, he may, after recording his reasons in writing [and on such
conditions as he may deem proper concerning the payment of interest on the money deposited or
other compensation] set aside the sale.

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Section 186 - Refund of deposit of purchase money when sale is set aside
Whenever the sale of any property is not confirmed, or is set aside, the purchaser shall be entitled
to receive back his deposit or his purchase money, as the case may be.

Section 187 - On confirmation of sale, purchaser to be put in possession.

Certificate of purchase
After a sale of any occupancy or alienatedholding has been confirmed in manner aforesaid, the
Deputy Commissioner shall put the person declared to be the purchaser into possession of the land
included in such occupancy or alienated holding, and shall cause his name to be entered in the
revenue records as occupant or holder in lieu of that of the defaulter, and shall grant him a
certificate to the effect that he has purchased the occupancy or alienated holding to which the
certificate refers.

Section 187A - Application to Civil Court by purchaser resisted in taking

possession
[73]
[Where any lawful purchaser of immovable property sold under Section 161 or by the operation of
Section 193 is resisted or obstructed by any person in obtaining possession of the property, he may
make an application together with the certificate of sale granted under Section 187 to the Civil Court
having jurisdiction over the property, complaining of such resistance or obstruction. Such Court shall
proceed to investigate the matter as if the property were purchased by the applicant at a sale held
by that Court.]

Section 188 - Bar of suit against certified purchaser

The certificate shall state the name of the person declared at the time of sale to be the actual
purchaser, and any suit brought in a Civil Court against the certified purchaser on the ground that
the purchase was made on behalf of another person not the certified purchaser though by agreement
the name of the certified purchaser was used, shall be dismissed.

Section 189 - Application of proceeds of sale

When any sale of movable property under this Chapter has become absolute, and when any sale of
immovable property has been confirmed, the proceeds of the sale shall be applied to defraying the
expenses of the sale and to the payment of any arrears due by the defaulter at the date of the
confirmation of such sale and recoverable as an arrear of land revenue;

and the surplus, if any, shall be paid to the person whose property has been sold.

The expense of the sale shall be estimated at such rates and according to such rules as may, from
[74]
time to time, be sanctioned by [the Revenue Commissioner under the orders of Government.]

Section 190 - Surplus not to be paid to creditors except under order of Court
The said surplus shall not, except under an order of a Civil Court, be payable to any creditor of the
person whose property has been sold.

Section 191 - Liability of purchaser for revenue

The person named in the certificate of title as purchaser of any land shall be liable for all

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instalments of land revenue becoming due in respect of such land subsequently to the date of sale.

Section 192 - Claims to attached to movable property how to be disposed of

If any claim shall be set up by a third person to movable property attached under the provisions of
this Chapter, the Deputy Commissioner shall admit or reject his claim on a summary inquiry held
after reasonable notice. If the claim be admitted wholly or partly, the property shall be dealt with
accordingly. Except in so far as it is admitted, the property shall be sold and the title of the
purchaser shall be good for all purposes, and the proceeds shall be disposable as hereinbefore
directed.

Section 193 - What moneys leviable under the provisions of this Chapter
All sums due on account of the land revenue, all quit-rents, and forfeitures, and all cesses, profits
from land, emoluments, fees, charges, penalties, fines, costs and interest payable or leviable under
this Act or under any Act, rule or order hereby repealed, or under any Act or Regulation for the time
[75]
being in force relating to land revenue [and all moneys falling due to Government under any
grant, lease, security bond, or contract which provides that they shall be recoverable as a revenue
demand or arrear of land revenue;]

and all moneys due by any contractor for the farm of customs duties, or of any other duty or tax, or
of any other item of revenue whatsoever, and all specific pecuniary penalties, to which any such
contractor renders himself liable under the terms of his agreement;

[76]
[and all sums due from a tenant in an alienated village as contribution, in respect of any
irrigation work, under a contract which provides that they shall be recoverable as arrears of land
revenue;]

and also all sums declared by this Act or by any other law at the time being in force to be leviable
as assessment or as a revenue demand or as an arrear of land revenue;

shall be levied under the foregoing provisions of this Chapter.

And in the event of the resumption of any such farm as is aforesaid, no person shall be entitled to
credit for any payment which he may have made to the contractor in anticipation.

[77]
[xxx xxx xxx]

Section 193A - Recovery of arrears accruing in C. and M. station, Bangalore

[78]
[x x x x x.]

Section 194 - Power of Government to make rules as to advances made

The Government may, from time to time, prescribe rules as to advances to be made to the holders
of arable land for the relief of distress, the purchase of seed or cattle, or, any other purpose not
[79]
specified in [the Land Improvement Loans Act, 1890,] but connected with agricultural objects.

Every such advance shall, when it becomes due, be recoverable, with the interest, if any, accrued
due thereon, from the person to whom such advance was made, or from any person who had

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become surety for the repayment thereof, as if it were an arrear of land revenue due by the person
to whom the advance was made or by his surety.

Section 195 - Subordination of Revenue Officers

In all official acts and proceedings, a Revenue Officer shall, in the absence of any express provision
of law to the contrary, be subject, as to the place, time and manner of performing his duties, to the
direction and control of the Officer to whom he is subordinate.

Section 196 - Power to summon persons to give evidence and produce

documents

(1) Every Revenue Officer not lower in rank than a Deputy Amildar, or an Assistant Superintendent

of survey, in their respective departments, shall have power to summon any person whose

attendance he considers necessary either to be examined as a party, or to give evidence as

a witness, or to produce documents for the purposes of any enquiry which such Officer is

legally empowered to make.

A summons to produce documents may be for the production of certain specified documents, or for
the production of all documents of a certain description in the possession of the person summoned.

(2) Any person so summoned shall be bound to attend either in person or by an authorized agent

as directed in the summons, and, when the summons directs the production of a document

or thing, to cause its production.

Any person summoned merely to produce a document or other thing shall be deemed to have
complied with the summons by causing the production of such document or thing instead of
attending personally to produce the same.

(3) And all persons summoned to attend shall be bound to state the truth upon any subject

respecting which they are examined or make statements, and to produce such documents

and other things as may be required.

Section 197 - Witness may be examined on commission under certain

circumstances
When the person whose evidence may be required is unable from sickness or infirmity to attend
before the Officer issuing the summons, or is a person whom, by reason of rank or sex, it may not
be proper to summon, the Officer issuing the summons may, of his own motion or on the application
of the party whose evidence is desired, dispense with the appearance of such person, and order him
to be examined by a subordinate deputed by such Officer for the purpose.

Section 198 - Summons to be in writing, signed and sealed

Every summons shall be in writing, in duplicate, and shall state the purpose for which it is issued,
and shall be signed by the Officer issuing it, and, if he have a seal, shall also bear his seal; it shall
require the person summoned to appear before the said Officer at a stated time and place, and shall
specify whether his attendance is required for the purpose of giving evidence or to produce a

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document, or for both purposes.

It shall be served by tendering or delivering a copy of it to the person summoned, or, if he cannot
be found by leaving a copy of it with some adult member of his family residing with him, or by
affixing a copy of it to some conspicuous part of his usual residence.

If his usual residence be in another district, the summons may be sent by post to the Deputy
Commissioner of that district, who shall cause it to be served in accordance with the preceding
clause of this section.

Section 199 - Mode of serving notice

Every notice under this Act, unless it is otherwise expressly provided, shall be served either by
tendering or delivering a copy thereof to the person on whom it is to be served, or to his agent, if
he have any, or by affixing a copy thereof to some conspicuous place on the land, if any, to which
such notice refers.

No such notice shall be deemed void on account of any error in the name or designation of any
person referred to therein, unless when such error has produced substantial injustice.

Section 200 - Procedure for procuring attendance of witnesses

In any formal or summary inquiry, if any party desires the attendance of witnesses, he shall follow
[80]
the procedure prescribed by [the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (Central Act V of 1908).]

Section 201 - Mode of taking evidence in formal inquiries

In all formal inquiries, the evidence shall be taken down in full, in writing, in Kanarese, by, or in the
presence and hearing and under the personal superintendence and direction of, the Officer making
the investigation or inquiry, and shall be signed by him.

In cases in which the evidence is not taken down in full in writing by the Officer making the inquiry,
he shall, as the examination of each witness proceeds, make a memorandum of the substance of
what such witness deposes, and such memorandum shall be written and signed by such Officer with
his own hand, and shall form part of the record.

If such Officer is prevented from making a memorandum as above required, he shall record the
reason of his inability to do so.

When the evidence is given in English, such Officer may take it down in that language with his own
hand, and an authenticated translation of the same in Kanarese shall be made and shall form part of
the record.

Section 202 - Writing and explanation of decisions

Every decision, after a formal inquiry, shall be written by the Officer passing the same in his own
handwriting, and shall contain a full statement of the grounds on which it is passed.

Section 203 - Summary inquiries, how to be conducted

In summary inquiries, the presiding Officer shall himself, as any such inquiry proceeds, record a
minute of the proceedings in his own hand in English or in Kanarese, embracing the material
averments made by the parties interested, the material parts of the evidence, the decision and the

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reasons for the same:

Provided that it shall at any time be lawful for such Officer to conduct an inquiry directed by this Act
to be summary under all or any of the rules applicable to a formal inquiry, if he deems fit,

Section 204 - Formal and summary inquiries to be deemed judicial proceedings

A formal or summary inquiry under this Act shall be deemed to be a "judicial proceeding" within the
meaning of Sections 193, 219 and 228 of the Indian Penal Code, and the office of any authority
holding a formal or summary inquiry shall be deemed a Civil Court for the purposes of such inquiry.

Every hearing and decision, whether in a formal or summary inquiry, shall be in public, and the
parties or their authorized agents shall have due notice to attend.

Section 205 - Ordinary inquiries how to be conducted

An inquiry which this Act does not require to be either formal or summary, or which any Revenue
Officer may, on any occasion, deem to be necessary to make, in the execution of his lawful duties,
shall be conducted according to such rules applicable thereto, whether general or special, as may
have been prescribed by the Government, or an authority superior to the Officer conducting such
inquiry, and, except in so far as controlled by such rules, according to the discretion of the Officer in
such way as may seem best calculated for the ascertainment of all essential facts and the
furtherance of the public good.

Section 206 - Copies and translation, etc., how to be obtained

In all cases in which a formal or summary inquiry is made, authenticated copies and translations of
decisions, orders and the reasons therefor, and of exhibits, shall be furnished to the parties, and
original documents used as evidence shall be restored to the persons who produced them or to
persons claiming under them, on due application being made for the same, subject to such charges
for copying, etc., as may, from time to time, be authorized by Government.

Section 207 - Arrest of defaulter to be made upon warrant

Whenever it is provided by this Act that a defaulter or any other person may be arrested, such
arrest shall be made upon a warrant issued by any Officer competent to direct such person's arrest.

Section 208 - Power of Revenue Officer to enter upon any land or premises for
purpose of measurement, etc
It shall be lawful for any Revenue Officer, at anytime, from time to time, to enter, when necessary,
for the purposes of measurement, fixing, or inspecting boundaries, classification of soil, or assessment,
or for any other purpose connected with the lawful exercise of the office under the provisions of this
Act, or of any other law for the time being in force relating to land revenue, any lands or premises,
whether belonging to Government or private individuals, and whether fully assessed to the land
revenue or partially or wholly exempt from the same:

Provided always that no building used as human dwelling shall be entered, unless with the consent of
the occupier thereof, without a notice having been served at the said building not less than seven
days before such entry, and provided also that, in the cases of buildings of all descriptions, due
regard shall be paid to the social and religious prejudices of the occupiers.

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Section 209 - Deputy Commissioner how to proceed in order to evict any person
wrongfully in possession of land
Whenever it is provided by this Act, or by any other law for the time being in force, that the Deputy
Commissioner may, or shall, evict any person wrongfully in possession of land, such eviction shall be
made in the following manner, viz.,

by serving a notice on person or persons in possession requiring them within such time as may
appear reasonable after receipt of the said notice to vacate the land; and

if such notice is not obeyed, by removing, or deputing a subordinate to remove, any person who may
[81]
refuse to vacate the same; and, [it shall be lawful for the purposes of eviction to use such force
as may be necessary;]

if the Officer, removing any such person shall be resisted or obstructed by any person, the Deputy
Commissioner shall hold a summary inquiry into the facts of the case, and if satisfied that the
resistance or obstruction was without any just cause, and that such resistance and obstruction still
continue,[82][it shall be lawful to arrest such person, and he shall be produced or caused to be
produced before the nearest Magistrate within a period of twenty-four hours of such arrest excluding
the time necessary for the journey from the place of arrest to the Court of the Magistrate and no
such person shall be detained in custody beyond the said period without the authority of a Magistrate
and on such production, the Magistrate may,

after such enquiry as he thinks fit, order him to be confined in Civil Jail for such period not
exceeding thirty days, as may be necessary to prevent the continuance of obstruction or resistance
by such person:

Provided that the Deputy Commissioner may, instead of proceeding as aforesaid, institute proceedings
against him under the Indian Penal Code (Central Act XLV of 1860) for the punishment of such
obstruction or resistance.]

Section 210 - Appeal to lie from any order passed by a Revenue Officer to his
superior

(1) In the absence of any express provision of this Act or of any law for the time being in force

to the contrary, an appeal shall lie from any decision or order passed by a Revenue Officer

under this Act, or any other law for the time being in force, to that Officer's immediate

superior authority, whether such decision or order may itself have been passed on appeal

from a subordinate Officer's decision or order or not.

[83](1-A) Where Government have issued a commission to any holder of alienated lands under Section

99, an appeal shall lie from any decision or order, passed by such holder in exercise of the powers

conferred upon him.--

(i) to the Assistant Commissioner of the Sub-division in which the alienated land is situate, when

the holder exercises the powers of an Amildar, and

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(ii) to the Deputy Commissioner of the District when the holder exercises the powers of the Deputy

Commissioner.]

[84] [(2) No appeal shall lie to Government from an appellate decision or order passed by the

Revenue Commissioner except on a point of law or usage having the force of law.]

Section 210A - Power to Government to withdraw appeals from the Revenue

Commissioner
[85]
[Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Government may at any stage withdraw any
appeal or class of appeals pending before the Revenue Commissioner, and dispose of the same, or
retransfer the same for disposal to the Revenue Commissioner.]

Section 211 - Period within which appeal must be brought

No appeal shall be brought after the expiration of thirty days if the decision or order complained of
have been passed by an Officer inferior in rank to a Deputy Commissioner or a Superintendent of
survey in their respective departments, nor after the expiration of ninety days in any other case.

In computing the above periods, the time required to prepare a copy of the decision or order
appealed against shall be excluded.

Section 212 - Admission of appeal after period of limitation

Any appeal under this Chapter may be admitted after the period of limitation prescribed therefor,
when the appellant satisfies the authority to which he appeals that he had sufficient cause for not
presenting the appeal within such period.

No appeal shall lie against an order passed under this section admitting an appeal.

Section 213 - Provision, where last day for appeal falls on a holiday
Whenever the last day of any period provided in this Chapter for the presentation of an appeal falls
on a holiday recognized by Government, the day next following the close of the holiday shall be
deemed to be such last day.

Section 214 - Copy of order to accompany petition of appeal

Every petition of appeal shall be accompanied by the decision or order appealed against, or by an
authenticated copy of the same.

Section 215 - Powers of Appellate Authority

The Appellate Authority may either annul, reverse, modify or confirm the decision or order of the
subordinate Officer appealed against, or he may direct the subordinate Officer to make such further
investigation or take such additional evidence as he may think necessary, or he may himself take
such additional evidence.

Section 216 - Power to suspend execution of order of subordinate Officer

In any case in which an appeal lies, the Appellate Authority may, pending decision of the appeal,

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direct the execution of the decision or order of the subordinate Officer to be suspended.

Section 217 - Power to call for and examine the records and proceedings of
subordinate Officers
The Government and any Revenue Officer not inferior in rank to a Deputy Commissioner or a
Superintendent of Survey, in their respective departments, may call for and examine the record of
any inquiry or the proceedings of any Revenue Officer subordinate to it or him, for the purpose of
satisfying itself or himself as to the legality or propriety of any decision or order passed, and as to
the regularity of the proceedings of such Officer.

The following Officers may in the same manner call for and examine the proceedings of any Officer
subordinate to them in any matter in which neither a formal nor a summary inquiry has been held,
namely--an Assistant Commissioner, an Amildar, a Deputy Amildar, an Assistant Superintendent of
Survey and an Assistant Settlement Officer.

If, in any case, it shall appear to the Government or to such Officer as aforesaid, that any decision
or order or proceedings so called for should be modified, annulled or reversed, the Government or
such Officer may pass such order thereon as it or he deems fit.

Section 218 - Rules as to decisions or orders expressly made final

Whenever in this Act it is declared that a decision or order shall be final, such expression shall be
deemed to mean that no appeal lies from such decision or order.

The Government alone shall be competent to modify, annul, or reverse, any such decision or order
under the provisions of the last preceding section.

Section 219 - Interpretation clause

In this Chapter, unless there be something repugnant the subject or context.--

"Land" includes the sites of villages, towns and cities; it also includes trees, growing crops and grass,
fruit upon, and juice in, trees, rights of way, ferries and fisheries;

"Land revenue" means all sums and payments in money or in kind received or claimable by, or on
behalf of, Government, from any person on account of land held by, or vested in, him, and any cess
or rate authorized by Government under the provisions of any law for the time being in force.

Section 220 - Saving of provisions of Pensions Act

Nothing in this Chapter shall affect any of the provisions of Act XXIII of 1871 (The Pensions Act).

Section 221 - Bar of certain suits

Subject to the exceptions hereinafter appearing, and except as hereinbefore expressly provided, no
Civil Court shall exercise jurisdiction as to any of the following matters.--

(a) claims against Government relating to any property, appertaining to the office of any hereditary

Officer appointed or recognized by Government or of any other Village Officer or servant; or

claims to perform the duties of any such Officer or servant or in respect of any injury caused by
exclusion from such office or service; or

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suits to set aside or avoid any order relating to such office or service or such officer or servant,
which may be passed by Government, or any officer duly authorised in that behalf; or

claims against Government relating to lands declared by Government, or any officer duly authorized in
that behalf, to be held for any service whatsoever;

(b) objections.--

to the amount or incidence of any assessment of land revenue authorized by Government, or to the
mode of assessment, or to the principle on which such assessment is fixed; or

to the validity or effect of the notification of survey or settlement, or of any notification determining
the period of settlement;

(c) claims connected with or arising out of any proceedings for the realization of land revenue, or,

the rendering of assistance by Government, or any Officer duly authorized in that behalf, to

superior holders for the recovery of their dues from inferior holders; or

claims to set aside on account of irregularity, mistakes or any other ground except fraud, sales for
arrears of land revenue;

(d) claims against Government.

(1) to be entered in the revenue survey or settlement records or village papers as liable for the

land revenue, or as superior holder, inferior holder, occupant or tenant; or

(2) to have any entry made in any record of a revenue survey or settlement; or

(3) to have any such entry either omitted or amended;

(e) the distribution of land or allotment of land revenue on partition of any estate under Bombay

Act IV of 1868, or under this Act, or under any other law for the time being in force;

(f) claims against Government to hold land wholly or partially free from payment of land revenue;

or

to receive payments charged on or payable out of the land revenue; or

to set aside any cess or rate authorized by Government under the provisions of any law for the time
being in force; or

respecting the occupation of waste or vacant land belonging to Government;

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(g) claims regarding boundaries fixed under Bombay Act I of 1865 or under Ms Act, or under any

other law for the time being in force;

or to set aside any order passed by a competent Officer under any such law with regard to boundary
marks:

Provided that if any person claim to hold land wholly or partially exempt from payment of land
revenue under.--

(h) any enactment or rules having the force of law for the time being in force expressly creating

an exemption not before existing in favour of an individual, or of any class of persons, or

expressly confirming such an exemption on the ground of its being shown in a public record,

or of its having existed for a specified term of years, or

Illustrations to (h)

(1) It is enacted that when a specific limit to assessment has been established, and preserved, the

assessment shall not exceed such specific limit. A is the owner of land worth Rs. 100 for

assessment. He claims to be assessed at Rs. 50 only on the strength of a course of dealing

with him and his predecessors under which his land has not been more highly assessed.

There is no exemption not before existing created by enactment, and A's claim is not

cognizable in a Civil Court.

(2) It is enacted that land revenue shall not be leviable from any land held and entered in the

land register as exempt. A claims to hold certain land as exempt on the ground that it has

been so held by him and is so entered in the land register. This is an exemption expressly

confirmed by enactment on the ground of its being shown in a public record, and A's claim

is cognizable in a Civil Court.

(3) It is enacted that a Deputy Commissioner shall confirm existing exemptions of all lands shown

in certain maps to be exempt. A claims exemption alleging that his land is shown in the

maps to be exempt. A's claim is cognizable in a Civil Court.

(4) It is enacted that assessment shall be fixed with reference to certain considerations and not

with reference to others. This is not an enactment creating an exemption in favour of any

individual or class, and no objection to an assessment under such an enactment is cognizable

in a Civil Court.

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(5) It is enacted that, in the event of the proprietory right in lands, the property of Government,

being transferred to individuals they shall be permitted to hold the lands for ever at the

assessment at which they are transferred. The proprietary right in certain land is transferred

to A at an assessment of Rs. 100. An exemption from higher assessment not before existing

is expressly created in favour of A by enactment, and he may seek relief in the Civil Court

against over assessment.

(i) any written grant from the Government expressly creating or confirming such exemption, such

claim shall be cognisable in the Civil Courts.

Section 222 - Saving of certain suits

Nothing in the preceding section shall be held to prevent the Civil Courts from entertaining the
following suits.--

(a) suits against Government to contest the amount claimed or paid under protest or recovered as

land revenue, on the ground that such amount is in excess of the amount authorised in that

behalf by Government, or that such amount had, previous to such claim, payment, or

recovery, been satisfied, in whole or in part, or that the plaintiff, or the person whom he

represents, is not the person liable for such amount;

(b) suits between private parties for the purpose of establishing any private right although it may

be effected by any entry in any record of a revenue survey or settlement, or in any village

papers;

(c) suits between superior holders and inferior holders relating to matters not otherwise expressly

provided for by this Act.

And nothing in clause (g) of the preceding section shall be held to prevent the Civil Courts
entertaining suits, other than suits against Government for possession of any land being a whole
survey number or a recognized share of a survey number.

Section 223 - Bar of certain suits against Revenue Officers

Revenue Officers shall not be liable to be sued for damages in any Civil Court for any act bona fide
done or ordered to be done by them as such, in pursuance of the provisions of any law for the time
being in force.

If any Revenue Officer absconds or does not attend when called on by his Official Superior, and if the
Deputy Commissioner, of the district proceeds against him or his sureties for public money, papers or
property, according to the provisions of this Act, or of any law for the time being in force, such
Deputy Commissioner shall not be liable to pay damages or costs in any suit brought against him by

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such Officer or sureties, although it appears that a part only, or no part whatever, of the sum
demanded was due from the Officer so absconding or failing to attend, or that he was not in
possession of the papers or property demanded of him.

Section 224 - Punishment or prosecution of Revenue Officer, no bar to civil

remedies
Nothing in any law for the time being in force, which authorizes the punishment departmentally of
any Revenue Officer for any offence or breach of duty, or which sanctions his prosecution criminally
for such offences or breach, shall be held to bar any remedy which may be had in the Civil Court
against such Officer.

Section 225 - Suits not to be entertained unless plaintiff has exhausted right of
appeal
No Civil Court shall entertain any suit against Government on account of any act or omission of any
Revenue Officer, unless the plaintiff first proves that, previously to bringing his suit, he has presented
all such appeals allowed by the law for the time being in force as, within the period of limitation
allowed for bringing such suit, it was possible to present.

Section 226 - Power of Government to refer questions for decision of High Court
If in the trial or investigation of any suit, claim or objection which, but for the provisions of this
Chapter, might have been tried or investigated by a Civil Court, or in any appeal against orders
passed in such trail or investigation, there arises any question on which the Government, whether
upon its own motion, or upon the recommendation of the Deputy Commissioner, or upon the
application of the party interested, desires to have the decision of the [86] [High Court,] the
Government may cause statement of the question to be prepared, and may refer such question for
[87]
the decision of the [High Court.]

The[88][High Court] shall fix an early day for the hearing of the question referred, and cause notice
of such day to be placed in the Court-house.

[89]
The parties to the case may appear and be heard in the [High Court] in person, or by their
Advocates or Pleaders.

The[90][High Court,] when it has heard and considered the case, shall send a copy of its decision,
with the reasons therefor, under the seal of the Court to the Government by which the reference was
made and the case shall be disposed of conformably to such decision.

[91] [92]
If the [High Court] considers that any such statement is imperfectly framed, the [High Court]
may return it for amendment.

[93]
The costs (if any) consequent on any such reference shall be dealt with as the [High Court] in
each case directs.

Section 227 - Power of Civil Judge to refer questions of jurisdiction to High

Court
If, in any suit instituted, or in any appeal presented, in a Civil Court, the judge doubts whether he is

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precluded, by this Chapter from taking cognizance of the suit or appeal, he may refer the matter to
[94]
the [High Court.]

The[95][High Court] may order the Judge making the reference either to proceed with the case or to
return the plaint.

[96]
The order of the [High Court] on any such reference shall be final.

Section 228 - Composition of Bench

[97]
If the [High Court] consists of three or more Judges, every reference under Sections 226 or 227
shall be heard by a Bench consisting of such number of Judges, not less than three, as the Chief
Justice from time to time directs.

Section 229 - Reference of Government suits to District Judge

[98]
[x x x x x.]

Section 230 - Privileges of Government in suits defended by it

[x x x x x.]

Section 231 - Applicability to kayamgutta villages of provisions relating to

alienated villages
All the provisions of the Act relating to alienated villages shall apply to Kayamgutta villages, i.e.,
villages held on an assessment permanently fixed.

Section 232 - Maps and land registers and village accounts etc., open to
inspection
Subject to such rules and the payment of such fees as the Government may from time to time
prescribe in this behalf, all maps and survey records, and all village accounts and land registers, shall
be open to the inspection of the public at reasonable hours, and certified extracts from such maps,
registers and accounts, or certified copies thereof, shall be given to all persons applying for the
same.

Section 233 - Power of Government to frame rules

The Government may, from time to time, make and, from time to time, vary, or rescind, rules or
orders not inconsistent with this Act.--

(a) determining the qualifications to be required of all members of establishments appointed under

Section 20;

(b) regulating the power of fining, reducing, suspending and dismissing Revenue Officers under

Section 31;

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(c) for the disposal of unoccupied Government lands under Section 36;

(d) for the disposal of trees, not the property of the occupant, under Section 41;

(e) prescribing the purposes to which land liable to the payment of land revenue may be

appropriated under Section 48;

(f) regulating the system and manner of assessing land to the land revenue under Sections 50 and

111;

(g) for the disposal of forfeited occupancies or alienated holdings under Section 54, and of

relinquished holdings under Section 71;

(h) regulating the grant of permission to occupy unoccupied land under Section 58;

(i) fixing the maximum amount of fine leviable under Section 59 when land, which has been

unauthorizedly occupied, is appropriated to any non-agricultural purpose;

(j) for the disposal of the occupancy of alluvial land under Section 61;

(k) for the administration of any survey settlement;

(l) for the disposal of building sites under Section 135;

(m) prescribing the mode, form and manner in which appeals under Chapter XIII of this Act shall

be drawn up and presented;

(n) generally for the guidance of all persons in matters connected with the enforcement of this Act,

or in cases not expressly provided for therein.

Rules or orders made under any of the above clauses (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (1) or (n), may be made
either generally or in any particular instance.

Section 234 - Certain rules to be published

All general rules or orders made by the Government under the last preceding section shall be
published and when published shall, until cancelled or amended, have the force of law.

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Section 235 - Power to provide for penalties

It shall be lawful for the Government, in making any such general rule, to attach to the breach of it,
in addition to any other consequences which would ensue from such breach, a punishment, on
conviction before a Magistrate, not exceeding one month's imprisonment of either description within
the meaning of the Indian Penal Code, or five hundred rupees fine, or both.

Section 236 - Section 236

[99]
[xxx xxx xxx.]

Section 237 - Occupants in alienated or kayamgutta villages

When a survey settlement has been introduced, under the provisions[100][xxx xxx xxx] of any law for
the time being in force, into an alienated or kayamgutta village, the holders of all lands to which
such settlement extends shall have the same rights and be affected by the same responsibilities in
respect of the lands in their occupation as occupants in unalienated villages have or are affected by,
under the provisions of this Act, and all the provisions of this Act, relating to occupants and
registered occupants, shall be applicable, so far as may be, to them.

[101]
[xxx xxx xxx]

Section 238 - Construction of this Act

Nothing in this Act which applies in terms to unalienated land or to the holders of unalienated land
only, shall be deemed to affect alienated land, or the rights of holders of alienated land, or of
Government in respect of any such land, and no presumption shall be deemed to arise either in
favour, or to the prejudice, of any holder of alienated land from any provision of this Act in terms
relating to unalienated land only.

Section 239 - Savings of power of Government to levy tax, cess or rate

Nothing in this Act shall be deemed to affect the power of the Government to direct by law the levy
of any tax, cess, or rate, on all lands under whatever title they may be held whenever and so long
as the exigencies of the State may render such levy necessary.

Schedule A - SCHEDULE A

SCHEDULE A

[See Section 2]

1. Notification of the Government of India No. 83, dated Simla, the 30th April, 1869, introducing

into the[102][whole of the State of Karnataka except Bellary District] Bombay Acts I of 1865

and IV of 1868.

2. Notification of the Government of India No. 254, dated 27th August, 1869, applying to

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[103]
the [whole of the State of Karnataka except Bellary District] the provisions of Madras Act

III of 1869.

3. Notification of the Government of India No. 123, dated the 24th June, 1872, regarding the

powers of Revenue Courts in the investigation of judicial cases.

4. Rules relating to recovery of rent by proprietors of sarvamanyam jodi and kayamgutta villagers,

published with the late Chief Commissioner's Notification at page 87 of the Karnataka

Gazette, dated 1st May, 1869, as altered by the late Chief Commissioner's Notification No.

180, dated the 3rd August, 1871.

5. Notification of the late Commissioner relating to the rights of raiyats of Inam villages dated 25th

October, 1843.

6. The late Commissioner's Circular Order No. 522-3, dated 8th June, 1864.

Schedule B - SCHEDULE B

SCHEDULE B

Form of Bond to be Required under Section 22

Whereas I,......inhabitant of.....have been appointed to the office of. . . .and have been called upon to
furnish security under the provisions of Section 22 of the Karnataka Land Revenue Code, for the due
discharge of the trusts of the said office or of any other office to which I may be hereafter
appointed, and for the due account of all moneys, papers and other property which shall come into
my possession or control by reason of any such office, I hereby bind myself to pay to the
Government of Karnataka the amount of any loss or defalcation in my accounts and to deliver up any
papers or other property within such time and to such person as shall be demanded by the person
at the head of the office to which I belong, such demand to be in writing and to be left at my office
or place of residence, and in case of my making default therein, I bind myself to forfeit to the
Government of Karnataka the sum of Rupees..............

Dated

(Signature)

Form of Security to be Subjoined to the Bond of The Principal

We..........hereby declare ourselves sureties for the abovesaid . . . . .that he shall do and perform all
that he has above undertaken to do and perform, and in case of his making default therein we
hereby bind ourselves to forfeit to the Government of Karnataka such sum as shall be deemed

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sufficient by the........to cover any loss or damage which the Government may sustain by reason of
such default.

Dated

(Signature)

Schedule C - SCHEDULE C

[104]
SCHEDULE C

[x x x x x]

Schedule D - SCHEDULE D

SCHEDULE D

Form of Bond to be Required Under Section 27, 103 or 170

Whereas I,.....have been ordered by .... to (here state the nature of the demand).....and whereas I
dispute the right of the said . . . . . . to make the said order, I hereby bind myself to file a suit
within fifteen days from the date of this bond in the District Court of . . . .to contest the justice of
the demand, and do agree that, in the event of a decree being passed against me, I will fulfill the
same and will pay all amounts, including costs and interests, that may be due by me, or that if I fail
to institute a suit as aforesaid, I will, when required, pay the above mentioned amount of.....Rupees
(or will deliver up the above-mentioned papers or property as the case may be,) and in the case of
my making default therein, I hereby bind myself to forfeit to the Government of Karnataka the sum
of ... . rupees.

Dated

(Signature)

Form of Security to be Subjoined to the Bond of the Principal

We.......hereby declare ourselves securities for the abovesaid. . .. that he shall do and perform all that
he has above undertaken to do and perform and in case of his making default therein we hereby
bind ourselves to forfeit to the Government of Karnataka the sum of ... . Rupees.

Dated

(Signature)

Schedule E - SCHEDULE E

SCHEDULE E

[See Section 80]

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I.--Form of Notice to be given by Landlord to Tenant to quit

To

A.B.

I, do hereby give you notice that I do intend to enter upon, and take possession of the land (here
give the description) which you now hold as tenant under me, and you are therefore required to quit
and deliver up possession of the same at the end of this current year terminating on the.....of . . . .
19. . . .

Dated this. ... day of .... 19. . .

(Signed) CD.

II.-- Form of Notice to be given by Tenant to Landlord of his Intention to quit.

To

C.D.

I, do hereby give you notice that I shall quit and deliver up to you at the end of this current year,
terminating on the..........19. . . ., the land (here give description) which I hold from you.

Dated this.....day of . . . .19. ...

(Signed) A.B.

Schedule F - SCHEDULE F

SCHEDULE F

Form of Commission to be Issued to a Holder of Alienated Lands of Alienated or Kayamgutta Villages

or his Agent under Section 99.

(Seal)

The Government, by virtue of the power vested in it by the Karnataka Land Revenue Code, is
pleased to confer on you Jahgirdar, etc., or agent etc., (as the case may be,) power to.....in (or in
respect of) the villages and lands specified in this commission, in the manner prescribed in Section
99 of the said Act.

The villages and lands over which the power thus conferred upon you extends, are as follows:

(Here enter the description)

The within delegated power is vested in you during the pleasure and subject to the recall of the said
Government of Karnataka.

(Signed)

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 MYSORE LAND REVENUE CODE, 1888

Schedule G - SCHEDULE G

SCHEDULE G

[See Section 137]

Form of Sannad for Building Sites

(Seal)

The Government of Karnataka

To

Whereas, the Government of Karnataka, with a view to the settlement of the land revenue and the
record and preservation of proprietary and other rights connected with the soil, has, under the
provisions of the Karnataka Land Revenue Code, directed a survey of the lands within-the-of and
ordered the necessary inquiries connected therewith to be made, this Sannad is issued under Section
137 of the said Act to the effect that.--

There is a certain plot of ground occupied by you in the division of the . . .of . . . . registered
No.....in the map marked sheet No. . . .....and facing towards the .... the road leading from ... .to . .
......containing about.....square yards, and of the following shape and about the following dimensions.--

You are hereby confirmed in the occupancy of the above described ground, exempt from all land
revenue (or subject to the payment of Rs. .....per annum to the land revenue).

The terms of your tenure are such that your occupancy is both transferable, and heritable, and will
be continued by the Government of Karnataka without any objection or question as to title, to
whosoever shall, from time to time, be its lawful holder (subject only to the condition of the payment
annually of the above land revenue according to the provisions of the Karnataka Land Revenue Code
or of any other law for the time being in force, and to the liability to have the said rate of
assessment revised at the expiration of a term of........years reckoned from the.....and thereafter at
successive periods of......years in perpetuity, and to the necessity for compliance with the provisions
of the law, from time to time, in force as to the time and manner of payment of the said
assessment and to the liability of forfeiture of the said occupancy and of all rights and interests
connected therewith in case of your failure to pay the said assessment as required by law.

This Sannad is executed on behalf of the Government of Karnataka by me this.......day of. . . . one
thousand nine hundred and A.D.

(Signed.)

Schedule H - SCHEDULE H

[105]
SCHEDULE H

[x x x x x.]

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 MYSORE LAND REVENUE CODE, 1888

Schedule I - SCHEDULE I

[106]
SCHEDULE I

[Repealed]

[1]
See the Karnataka Adaptations of Laws Order, 1953

[2]
See the Karnataka Adaptations of Laws Order, 1953

[3]
Substituted by Act No. III of 1892.

[4]
Substituted for the words "Government of His Highness the Maharaja of Mysore" by Act No. 1 of 1956.

[5]
Substituted by Act No. VI of 1906.

[6]
See the Karnataka Adaptations of Laws Order, 1953.

[7]
See the Karnataka Adaptations of Laws Order, 1953.

[8]
Inserted by Act No. VI of 1906.

[9]
Certain words omitted by Act No. VI of 1906.

[10]
Substituted for the word "Government" by Act No. VI of 1906.

[11]
Inserted by Act No. VI of 1906.

[12]
Substituted for the word "Government" by Act No. VI of 1906.

[13]
Inserted by Act No. VI of 1906.

[14]
The second proviso omitted by Act No. VII of 1919.

[15]
Substituted for the words "apprehended, and may send him with a warrant, in the form of Schedule C, to be confined in the civil
jail till he discharges the sums or delivers up the papers or property demanded from him:

[16]
Substituted for the words and figures "the Criminal Procedure Code, 1882" by Act No. 1 of 1956.

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 MYSORE LAND REVENUE CODE, 1888

[17]
Inserted by Act No. 1 of 1956.

[18]
Substituted for the word "Government" by Act No. VI of 1906.

[19]
The words "whether he had been found guilty or not" by Act No. 1 of 1956.

[20]
Inserted by Act No. VI of 1906.

[21]
Inserted by Act No. VI of 1906.

[22]
Inserted by Act No. 1 of 1956.

[23]
Substituted for the words and figures "the Land Acquisition Act X of 1870" by Act No. 1 of 1956.

[24]
Substituted for the words and figures "the Land Acquisition Act X of 1870" by Act No. 1 of 1956.

[25]
Clauses (3) to (7) of the proviso omitted by Act No. 1 of 1956.

[26]
Amended by Act No. VI of 1906.

[27]
Substituted for the words "Revenue Commissioner" by Act No. VII of 1919.

[28]
Substituted for the words "Revenue Commissioner" by Act No. VII of 1919.

[29]
Substituted for the words "Revenue Commissioner" by Act No. VII of 1919.

[30]
Substituted for the word "Government" by Act No. VI of 1906.

[31]
Substituted for the word "Government" by Act No. VI of 1906.

[32]
Inserted by Act No. 1 of 1891.

[33]
Substituted by Act No. VIII of 1916.

[34]
Added by Act No. XVII of 1928.

[35]
Added by Act No. XVII of 1928.

[36]
Added by Act No. XVII of 1928.

[37]
Added by Act No. XVII of 1928.

[38]
Added by Act No. XVII of 1928.

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 MYSORE LAND REVENUE CODE, 1888

[39]
Substituted for the word "twenty" by Act No. XVII of 1939.

[40]
Substituted for the word and figures "111, 120 and 236" by Act No. XVII of 1939.

[41]
Substituted for the word and figures "111, 115, 120 and 236" by Act No. XVII of 1939.

[42]
Added by Act No. XVII of 1939.

[43]
Substituted for the words and figures "Chapters V, VII, VIII, XXXVII and XLVII of the Code of Civil Procedure, as extended to the
[whole of the State of Karnataka except Bellary District] by Act II of 1884" by Act No. 1 of 1956.

[44]
Added by Act No. V of 1912.

[45]
Substituted by Act No. XXI of 1940.

[46]
Clause (c) omitted and the other clauses renumbered by Act No. XVII of 1939.

[47]
The words and figures "under the provisions of Section 236" omitted by Act No. XVII of 1930.

[48]
See the Karnataka Adaptations of Laws Order, 1953.

[49]
Substituted for the word "Government" by Act No. VI of 1906.

[50]
Substituted by Act No. XVII of 1928.

[51]
Substituted by Act No. XVII of 1928.

[52]
Sections 119-A to 119-D substituted for Sections 119-A and 119-B by Act No. 1 of 1956.

[53]
Sub-section (2) omitted by Act No. 1 of 1956.

[54]
See the Karnataka Adaptations of Laws Order, 1953.

[55]
Substituted for the words and figures "Section 520 of the Code of Civil Procedure" by Act No. 1 of 1956.

[56]
Section 129 renumbered as sub-section (1) of that section and sub-section (2) added by Act No. V of 1934.

[57]
Inserted by Act No. XVII of 1928.

[58]
Substituted for the word "Government" by Act No. VI of 1906.

[59]
Substituted for the word "Government" by Act No. VI of 1906.

[60]
Inserted by Act No. VI of 1906.

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 MYSORE LAND REVENUE CODE, 1888

[61]
Substituted for the word "Government" by Act No. VI of 1906.

[62]
The words "under the orders of Government" omitted by Act No. VIII of 1920.

[63]
Section 163 omitted by Act No. 1 of 1956.

[64]
Section 164 not printed since this section is consequential to Section 163 which was omitted by Act No. 1 of 1956.

[65]
Substituted for the word "Government" by Act No. VI of 1906.

[66]
Section 166 renumbered as sub-section (1) by Act No. V of 1934.

[67]
Added by Act No. V of 1934.

[68]
Added by Act No. IV of 1936.

[69]
Substituted by Act No. II of 1916.

[70]
Substituted by Act No. II of 1916.

[71]
Added by Act No. V of 1926.

[72]
Inserted by Act No. II of 1916.

[73]
Added by Act No. XVII of 1928.

[74]
Substituted for the word "Government" by Act No. XVI of 1906.

[75]
Inserted by Act No. VI of 1905.

[76]
Inserted by Act No. XVII of 1939.

[77]
This para repealed by Act No. VI of 1905.

[78]
Section 193-A omitted by Act No. 1 of 1956.

[79]
Substituted for the words and figures "the Land Improvement Act, 1871" by Act No. IV of 1890.

[80]
Substituted for the words and figures "the Code of Civil Procedure, Section 160" by Act No. 1 of 1956.

[81]
Inserted by Act No. 1 of 1956.

[82]
Substituted for the words "may without prejudice to any proceedings to which such person may be liable under any law for the
time being in force for the punishment of such resistance or obstruction, issue a warrant for the arrest of the said person and, on his

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 MYSORE LAND REVENUE CODE, 1888

appearance, commit him to close custody in the office of the Deputy Commissioner or any Amildar or Deputy Amildar, or send him with a
warrant, in the form of Schedule H, for imprisonment in the Civil Jail of the district for such period not exceeding thirty days, as may be
necessary to prevent the continuance of such obstruction or resistance" by Act No. 1 of 1956.

[83]
Added by Act No. XVII of 1928.

[84]
Added by Act No. VI of 1906.

[85]
Added by Act No. I of 1909.

[86]
Substituted for the words "Chief Court" by Act No. XII of 1930.

[87]
Substituted for the words "Chief Court" by Act No. XII of 1930.

[88]
Substituted for the words "Chief Court" by Act No. XII of 1930.

[89]
Substituted for the words "Chief Court" by Act No. XII of 1930.

[90]
Substituted for the words "Chief Court" by Act No. XII of 1930.

[91]
Substituted for the words "Chief Court" by Act No. XII of 1930.

[92]
Substituted for the words "Chief Court" by Act No. XII of 1930.

[93]
Substituted for the words "Chief Court" by Act No. XII of 1930.

[94]
Substituted for the words "Chief Court" by Act No. XII of 1930.

[95]
Substituted for the words "Chief Court" by Act No. XII of 1930.

[96]
Substituted for the words "Chief Court" by Act No. XII of 1930.

[97]
Substituted for the words "Chief Court" by Act No. XII of 1930.

[98]
Sections 229 and 230 omitted by Act No. 1 of 1956.

[99]
Deleted by Act No. XVII of 1939.

[100]
Certain words omitted by Act No. XVII of 1939.

[101]
Sub-para omitted by Act No. XVII of 1939.

[102]
See the Karnataka Adaptations of Laws Order, 1953.

[103]
See the Karnataka Adaptations of Laws Order, 1953.

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 MYSORE LAND REVENUE CODE, 1888

[104]
Schedule 'C' omitted by Act No. 1 of 1956.

[105]
Schedule 'H' omitted by Act No. 1 of 1956.

[106]
Schedule 'I' repealed by Section 14 of Act No. VI of 1906.

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