Name_________________________________________________________ Date __________

5.2 Solving Systems of Linear Equations by Substitution

For use with Exploration 5.2

Essential Question How can you use substitution to solve a system of

linear equations?

1 EXPLORATION: Using Substitution to Solve Systems

Work with a partner. Solve each system of linear equations using two methods.

Method 1 Solve for x first.

Solve for x in one of the equations. Substitute the expression for x into the other equation
to find y. Then substitute the value of y into one of the original equations to find x.
Method 2 Solve for y first.
Solve for y in one of the equations. Substitute the expression for y into the other equation
to find x. Then substitute the value of x into one of the original equations to find y.
Is the solution the same using both methods? Explain which method you would prefer to
use for each system.

a. x + y = − 7 b. x − 6 y = −11 c. 4 x + y = −1
−5x + y = 5 3x + 2 y = 7 3 x − 5 y = −18

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5.2 Solving Systems of Linear Equations by Substitution (continued)

2 EXPLORATION: Writing and Solving a System of Equations

Go to BigIdeasMath.com for an interactive tool to investigate this exploration.

Work with a partner.

a. Write a random ordered pair with integer coordinates. One way
Choose two
to do this is to use a graphing calculator. The ordered pair random integers
generated at the right is ( – 2, − 3). between −5 and 5.

randInt(-5‚5‚2)
{-2 -3}

b. Write a system of linear equations that has

your ordered pair as its solution.

c. Exchange systems with your partner and use one of the methods from
Exploration 1 to solve the system. Explain your choice of method.

Communicate Your Answer

3. How can you use substitution to solve a system of linear equations?

4. Use one of the methods from Exploration 1 to solve each system of linear
equations. Explain your choice of method. Check your solutions.

a. x + 2 y = − 7 b. x − 2 y = − 6 c. − 3 x + 2 y = −10
2x − y = −9 2x + y = − 2 − 2x + y = −6

d. 3 x + 2 y = 13 e. 3 x − 2 y = 9 f. 3 x − y = − 6
x − 3y = −3 − x − 3y = 8 4 x + 5 y = 11

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 one of the equations for one of the variables. Then substitute −6x −6x
the expression for this variable into the other equation to find −9 = −9x
the value of the other variable. Finally, substitute this value −9 −9x
Name _________________________________________________________ —=—
into one of the original equations to find the value of the −9 −9Date __________
other variable.
1=x
Practice
5.2
2. Sample answer: If one of the variables has a coefficient of
For use after Lesson 5.2 Substitute 1 for x in Equation 2 and solve for
1 or −1, I solve for that variable in Step 1.
y = −3x
y = −3(1)
Core Concepts
Monitoring Progress and Modeling with Mathematics
3. Sample answer: Solve Equation 2 for x because x has a y = −3
Solving
coefficient aofSystem
1. of Linear Equations by Substitution
Check 6x − 9 = y y = −3x
Step 1 Solve one of the equations for one of the variables. ? ?
4. Sample answer: Solve Equation 2 for y because y has a 6(1) − 9 = −3 −3 = −3(1)
Step 2
coeffi Substitute
cient of 1. the expression from Step 1 into the other equation and solve for the
?
other variable. 6 − 9 = −3 −3 = −3 ✓
5. Sample answer: Solve Equation 2 for y because y has a
Substitute −3 = −3 ✓
Step 3
coefficient of −1. the value from Step 2 into one of the original equations and solve.
Notes: The solution is (1, −3).
6. Sample answer: Solve Equation 2 for either x or y because
x and y each have a coefficient of 1. 11. Substitute 16 − 4y for x in Equation 2 and so
Worked-Out Examples 3x + 4y = 8
7. Sample answer: Solve Equation 1 for x because x has a
3(16 − 4y) + 4y = 8
coefficient of#1
Example 1.
3(16) − 3(4y) + 4y = 8
8. Sample answer: Solve Equation 2 for x because x has a
Solve the system of linear equations by substitution. Check your solution. 48 − 12y + 4y = 8
coefficient
x = 17 − 4y of 1.
48 − 8y = 8
y=x−2 −48 −48
−8y = −40
9. Substitute 17 − 4y for x in Equation 2 and solve for y.
−8y −40
y=x−2 —=—
−8 −8
y = (17 − 4y) − 2 y=5
y = 17 − 4y −2 Substitute 5 for y in Equation 1 and solve for
y = −4y + 15 x = 16 − 4y
+4y +4y x = 16 − 4(5)
5y = 15 x = 16 − 20
5y 15 x = −4
—=—
5 5
y=3 Check x = 16 − 4y 3x + 4y = 8
? ?
Substitute 3 for y in Equation 1 and solve for x. −4 = 16 − 4(5) 3(−4) + 4(5) = 8
? ?
x = 17 − 4y −4 = 16 − 20 −12 + 20 = 8
x = 17 − 4(3) −4 = −4 ✓ 8=8✓
x = 17 − 12 The solution is (−4, 5).
x=5

Check x = 17 − 4y y=x−2
? ?
5 = 17 − 4(3) 3=5−2
?
5 = 17 − 12 3=3✓
5=5✓
The solution
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reserved. Mathematics I Student
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Learning, LLC
Worked-Out Solutions 147 All rights reserved. All
 11(2y − 4) − 7y = −14
11(2y) − 11(4) − 7y = −14
22y − 44 − 7y = −14
Name _________________________________________________________ 19. Wo
15y − 44 = −14Date _________
+44 +44
5.2 Practice (continued)
15y = 30
Chapter 5
Example #2
Practice
Extra PracticeA 15y 30
—=—
15 15
Var
Solve the system of linear equations by substitution. Check your solution.
y=2
In Exercises 1–18, solve the system of linear equations by substitution. Check
11x − 7y = −14 y. Syst
x − 2y = −4 x, not for
16. your
Step solution.
1 x − 2y = −4 x − 2y 18.
= −4 In Step 3, 6 should be substituted for
Step 3
Subs
1. 2xx−+ 2y
2 y+=2y10= −4 + 2y2. 2 x − y = 3 xStep
x − 2(2)3.= −4 − 3 y3 = 3x
−1+ y = 9
Name y_________________________________________________________ x+
= 5 + x x = 2y − 4 x = −2y − 1 x − 4 = −4x = y 3(6) + Datey = 9 _________
3y +
Step 2 11x − 7y = −14 +4 +4 18 + y = 9
5.2 Notetaking with Vocabulary (continued)
11(2y − 4) − 7y = −14 x=0 −18 −18
yx =
− −9
Practice
Extra 11(2y) A
− 11(4) − 7y = −14
Practice Check 11x − 7y = −14 2y = − 4
Name 22y − 44 − 7y = −14
_________________________________________________________ ? AcresDate
of ? Acres of = 180
_________
In Exercises 1–18, solve the system of linear equations by 11(0) − 7(2)
substitution.=
19. Words −14
Check 0 − 2(2) + −4
=
15y − 44 = −14 ? corn ? wheat Subs
your solution.
5.2 Notetaking+44 with +44
Vocabulary (continued) 0 − 14 = −14 0 − 4 = −4
x=
1. 2 x + 2 y = 10
15y = 30
2. 2 x − y = 3 3. x − 3 y = −Acres 1
−14 = −14 ✓ corn −4== −4
of
⋅
3 ✓
Acres of
wheat x=
Name y_________________________________________________________
Practice = 5+ x
A x = − 2 y − 1The solution is (0, 2).x = y Date _________
Extra Practice 15y 30 x=
4. x − 2 y = − 3 — = — 5. 2 x + y = 3 6. 3Variables
x + y = −Let 5 x be the number of acres of corn the farm
15 15 should plant, and letiny the
be the number of acres
5.2y = Notetaking
In Exercises 1–18, solve with
x +1 Vocabulary
the system of linear (continued)
x = 3y +
equations
17. by substitution. Check
5 In Step 2, the expression
y = for 2 x y+should
5wheatbethesubstituted The
y=2 180
farmer should plant. 1
Equation 135
your solution. other equation.
Equation 2
x−
Step
1. 32 xPractice
Practice
Extra + A==10−4
2 y2y 2. 2 x − y = 3 Step 1 5x3. =− 43 y = −x1 + y =
− yxSystem y.
20. Wor
y x=−52(2)
+ x= −4 x = −2y − 1 5x − 5x − yx==4 y− 5x x = 3y
In Exercises 1–18, solve the system of linear equations by substitution. Check
x − 4 = −4 −y = −5x + 4
your solution. Substitute 3y for x in Equation 1 and solve for
+4 +4 −y −5x + 4 20
1. 2 x + 2 y = 10 2. 2 x − y = 3 3.—
−1 x=x− +—3 yy−1=
= 180
−1
x=0
y = 5+ x x = −2y − 1 yx3y==+ 5xyy−=4 180 Var
Check
4. xy −= 211xy =−−7y 3 = −14 x −2 x2y+=y−=43
5. 6. 3 x− + — y =
= −−
— 5
11(0)x− + 17(2) = −14 x ==
0 − 2(2) 3 y−4+ 5 Step 2 8xy += 2y 24x=
4y =+ 180
512
? ? 8x + 2(5x 4) = −124
0 − 14 = −14 0 − 4 = −4 8x + 2(5x) − 2(4)y==−12 45 x. Syst
7. y = 2 x + 8 −14 = −14 ✓ −4 =3
8. y = x + 1 −4 ✓ 8x + 10x − 8 =
x − 3 y = 45
9. 2Substitute −12
0 for y in Equation 2 and solve for
4
The xy −= 2−yis
4.solution 2 x=(0,−2).
3 5. 2 x + y = 3 6. 18x
3yxx=− 48y==−12
=+ 3y −5
y = 1x + 3
y = x +1 x = 34y + 5 yx = +8 2x + 5
= 3(45) +8 Step
17. In Step 2, the expression for y should be substituted in the
18x = −4
18x −4
4. 1equation.
other
Step x − 2 y 5x= − − 3y = 4 5. 2 x + y = 3 6. 3Thexx= + 135
— y==—
solution− 5is (135, 45). So, the farmer should plant
5x − 5x − y = 4 − 5x 18 18
y = x +1 x = 3y + 5 135 acres
y = 2x + 5 2 of corn and 45 acres of wheat.
9
−y = −5x
−y −5x + + 44 x = −Number
— of Number of
— = — 3 20. Words +
7. y = 2 x + −1 8 −1 8. y = x + 1 9. 2 x − 3 y = 0 1 person tubes “cooler” tubes
4 = 15
y = − 2 x y = 5x − 4 y = 4
Step 2 8x + 2y = −12
1
y = x +3
4 20⋅ Number of
⋅
1 person tubes + 12.5 “cooler” tubes
Number of

=
8x + 2(5x − 4) = −12 Variables Let x be the number of 1 person tubes the gro
8x + 2(5x) − 2(4) = −12 rents, and let y be the number of “cooler” tub
7. y = 2x + 8 8. y = 3 x220
+1 Integrated 2 x − 3 y = the
9. Mathematics 0 group
I rents.
8x + 10x − 8 = −12 4
y = − 2 x Mathematics I
130 Integrated Worked-OutySystem
Solutions
= 4Copyright
x+ y =Ideas
© Big 15 Learning, LLC
Equation 1
CopyrightStudent
18x − 8 = −12
Journal
© Big Ideas Learning, LLC y = 1x + 3
4 All rights reserved.
All rights reserved. +8 +8 148 20x + 12.5y = 270 Equation 2
7. y = 2x + 8 18x = −4 8. y = 3x + 1 x − 31y = 0
9. 2Step x + y = 15
4
Name_________________________________________________________ Date __________

5.2 Practice (continued)

10. x + y = 3 11. y = 1x + 1 12. 3 x − 2 y = 3

2
2x + 4 y = 8 4x − y = 4
y = −1x + 9
2

13. 7 x − 4 y = 8 14. y = 3 x − 12 15. 3 x − 4 y = −1

5
5x − y = 2 1 5x + 2 y = 7
y = x −8
3

16. y = − x + 3 17. y − 5x = − 2 18. 4 x − 8 y = 3

x + 2y = 0 − 4x + y = 2 8x + 4 y = 1

19. An adult ticket to a museum costs $3 more than a children’s ticket. When 200 adult tickets
and 100 children’s tickets are sold, the total revenue is $2100. What is the cost of a
children’s ticket?

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5.2 BPractice B
5.1
Practice
In Exercises 1–6, solve the system of linear equations by substitution. Check your
solution.
1. 2 x + 2 y = 4 2. − 2 x + 9 y = 15 3. x − y = 4
y = 12 − 3x x +7 = 4 2x − 3y = 3

4. 4 x + 3 y = −1 5. 5 x + 5 y = −10 6. − x + y = 7
3x + y = − 7 3x − 7 y = 4 6x − y = −7

7. A humane society has 73 dogs and cats to be adopted. The number of cats is
10 more than twice the number of dogs. Write a system of linear equations
that represents this situation. How many of each animal is up for adoption?

In Exercises 8–10, write a system of linear equations that has the ordered pair as
its solution.

8. (− 6, − 2) 9. (−12, 18) 10. (2, 0)

11. A wedding planner purchased both small and large lanterns for a wedding
reception. The planner purchased a total of 40 lanterns for a purchase price
of $1180. How many of each size lantern did the planner purchase?

Lantern Small Large

Price $25 $40

In Exercises 12 and 13, (a) write an equation that represents the sum of the angle
measures of the parallelogram and (b) use your equation and the equation shown
to find the values of x and y.

12. y° x°
13. (y + 3)° x°

2x − y = 0 y = 3x + 29

x° y° x° (y + 3)°

14. Write a system of linear equations in which (2, –1) is a solution of Equation 1 but
not a solution of Equation 2, and (5, 5) is a solution of the system.

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